INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

ON
“IOT WITH RASPBERRY PI3”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted By

Name of student :Gaurav Ranjan

Enrollment No.: 40815602816

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Dr.

Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management
Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
Dwarka, New Delhi – 110078
Aug – Dec 2018
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following people, without whose help and guidance this
report would not have been completed.
I acknowledge the counsel and support of our training coordinator, Mr.Shankar,Trainer,IOT department with
respect and gratitude, whose expertise, guidance, support, encouragement, and enthusiasm has made this report
possible. Their feedback vastly improved the quality of this report and provided an enthralling experience. I am
indeed proud and fortunate to be supported by him/her.
I am also thankful to Prof. (Dr.) Rajiv Sharma, HOD, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management, New Delhi for his constant
encouragement, valuable suggestions and moral support and blessings.
Although it is not possible to name individually, I shall ever remain indebted to all the faculty members of Dr.
Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management, New Delhi for their persistent support and
cooperation extended during this work.
This acknowledgement will remain incomplete if I fail to express our deep sense of obligation to my parents and
God for their consistent blessings and encouragement.

Name of Student: Gaurav Ranjan

Enrollment No. : 40815602816

 ABSTRACT

The computer is now not a luxury but a necessity in today’s world. The computer has now become a personal
computer with the introduction of microcontrollers and intergrated circuits. Raspberry – Pi is a credit card sized
at providing a computer to everyone on the past. It is aimed at teaching computer concepts while being low at
price. Raspberry –Pi is intended to provide a base on which kids can learn programming while enthusiasts can
make various projects. It sense as an efficient base to its low cost and the number of interfaces available.

The Raspberry –Pi can be used instead of a persona computer, but with some limitations due to its limited
processing power.

The main aim is to study the Raspberry-Pi and its applications .

The Raspberry-Pi is studied with its practical applications.

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title of Figure Page No.

1. Raspberry Pi 1

2. Raspberry Pi zero model 1

3. Raspberry Pi 3 model B+ 1
4. Pin diagram of Raspberry Pi 3
5. The Raspberry Pi zero model , first 4
Introduced in 2015
6. One of the earliest Prototype of Pi 6
7. Diagram of Raspberry Pi 9
8. System using PIR Sensor Potentiometer 17
9. Fritizing 17
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title of Table Page No.

1. Pin description 2
2. Specification 5
3. Brief about the component 9
4. Short summary of the Merits and Demerits 22
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE SURVEY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi

The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basic computer science in schools and in developing
countries. The original model became far more popular than anticipated, selling outside its target market for uses
such as robotics. It does not include peripherals (such as keyboards and mice) and cases. However, some
accessories have been included in several official and unofficial bundles.

Raspberry Pi Zero Model

The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+

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The organization behind the Raspberry Pi consists of two arms. The first two models were developed by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation. After the Pi Model B was released, the Foundation set up Raspberry Pi Trading,
with Eben Upton as CEO, to develop the third model, the B+. Raspberry Pi Trading is responsible for
developing the technology while the Foundation is an educational charity to promote the teaching of basic
computer science in schools and in developing countries.

According to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, more than 5 million Raspberry Pis were sold by February 2015,
making it the best-selling British computer. By November 2016 they had sold 11 million units, and 12.5m by
March 2017, making it the third best-selling "general purpose computer". In July 2017, sales reached nearly 15
million. In March 2018, sales reached 19 million.

1.1.1 PIN DISCRIPTION

Pin Particle Description

GPIO0 I2C data line used to identify Pi Hats (RESERVED FOR SYSTEM)

GPIO1 I2C clock line used to identify Pi Hats (RESERVED FOR

SYSTEM)
GPIO2 SDA I2C data line

GPIO3 SCL I2C clock line

GPIO4 D0 Digital IO

GPIO5 D4
Digital IO

GPIO6 D5 Digital IO

GPIO7 CE1 SPI chip enable 1, digital IO

GPIO8 CE0 SPI chip enable 0, digital IO

GPIO9 MISO SPI master-in slave-out

GPIO10 MOSI SPI master-out slave-in

GPIO11 SCK SPI clock

GPIO12 D13/A4 Digital IO

GPIO13 D6 PWM-capable digital IO

GPIO14 TX UART hardware serial transmit

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GPIO15 RX UART hardware serial receive

GPI016 D14/A5 PWM- capable digital IO

GPIO17 D1 Digital IO

GPIO18 D9/A0 PWM- capable digital IO

GPIO19 D7 PWM- capable digital IO

GPIO20 D15/A6 Digital IO

GPIO21 D16/A7 Digital IO

GPIO22 D3 Digital IO

GPIO23 D10/A1 Digital IO

GPIO24 D11/A2 Digital IO

GPIO25 D12/A3 Digital IO

GPIO26 D8 Digital IO

GPIO27 D2 Digital IO

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.

Pin Diagram of Rassberry Pie 3

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1.1.2 SPECIFICATION

FEATURES RASPBERRY PI
Also Known as RP i

Release date 29 February 2012; 6 years ago

System-on-chip used Broadcom BCM2837B0
CPU
1.4 GHz 64/32-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-
A53

Memory 1 GB LPDDR2 RAM at 900 MHz

Storage
MicroSDHC slot
Broadcom VideoCore IV 300 MHz/400 MHz
Graphics

POWER 5. W (average when idle) to 6.7 W

1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY

Generation of Released Models

The Raspberry Pi Zero, a US$5 model first

introduced in 2015.

Several generation of Raspberry Pis have been released. All models feature a Broadcom system on a chip(SoC)
with an integrated ARM-compatible central processing unit (CPU) and on-chip graphics processing unit.

Processor speed ranges from 700 MHz to 1.4 GHz for the Pi 3 Model B+; on-board memory ranges from 256
MB to 1 GB RAM. Secure Digital (SD) cards are used to store the operating system and program memory in
either SDHC or Micro SDHC sizes. The boards have one to four USB ports. For video output, HDMI and

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composite video are supported, with a standard 3.5 mm tip-ring-sleeve jack for audio output. Lower-level
output is provided by a number of GPIO pins, which support common protocols like I²C. The B-models have
an 8P8C Ethernet port and the Pi 3 and Pi Zero W have on-board Wi-Fi 802.11n and Bluetooth. Prices range
from US$5 to $35.

The first generation (Raspberry Pi 1 Model B) was released in February 2012, followed by the simpler and
cheaper Model A. In 2014, the Foundation released a board with an improved design, Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+.
These boards are approximately credit-card sized and represent the standard mainline form-factor. Improved A+
and B+ models were released a year later. A "Compute Module" was released in April 2014 for embedded
applications. The Raspberry Pi 2, which added more random-access memory, was released in February 2015.

A Raspberry Pi Zero with smaller size and reduced input/output (I/O) and general-purpose input/output (GPIO)
capabilities was released in November 2015 for US$5. By 2017, it became the newest mainline Raspberry Pi.
On 28 February 2017, the Raspberry Pi Zero W was launched, a version of the Zero with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
capabilities, for US$10. On 12 January 2018, the Raspberry Pi Zero WH was launched, the same version of the
Zero W with pre-soldered GPIO headers.

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B was released in February 2016 with a 64 bit quad core processor, on- board WiFi,
Bluetooth and USB boot capabilities. On Pi Day 2018 model 3B+ appeared with a faster 1.4 GHz processor
and a three times faster network based on gigabit Ethernet (300 Mbit / s) or 2.4 / 5 GHz dual- band Wi-Fi
(100 Mbit / s). Other options are: Power over Ethernet (PoE), USB boot and network boot (an SD card is no
longer required).

1.3 MOTIVATION

The idea behind a tiny and affordable computer for kids came in 2006, when Eben Upton, Rob Mullins, Jack
Lang and Alan Mycroft, based at the University of Cambridge’s Computer Laboratory, became concerned about
the year –on-year decline in the number and skills level of the A Level students applying to read Computer
Science. From a situation in the 1990s where most of the kids applying were coming as experienced hobbyist
programmers, the landscape in the 2000s was very different; a typical applicant might only have done a little
web design.

Something had changed the way kids were interacting with computers. A number of problems were identified:
majority of curriculums with lessons on using Word and Excel, or writing webpages; the end of the dot-com
boom; and the rise of the home PC and games console to replace the Amigas, BBC Micros, Spectrum ZX and
Commodore 64 machines that people of an earlier generation learned to program on.
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There isn’t much any small group of people can do to address problems like an inadequate school curriculum or
the end of a financial bubble. But those students felt that they could try to do something about the situation
where computers had become so expensive and arcane that programming experimentation on them had to be
forbidden by parents; and to find a platform that, like those old computers, could boot into a programming
environment. Thus came the idea of creating the device which the kids could buy and learn programming or

hardware on – The Raspberry Pi. ➢ Computer science skills increasingly important.

➢ Access to computers.

➢ Decline in CS student numbers.

➢ Computers are the tool of 21st century.

➢ Computer science is concerned with much more than simply being able to use a computer.

➢ Children should understand how they work and how to program.

➢ It provides a fun environment for experimenting with programming and electronics.

➢ Inexpensive, simple, open and easy to maintain computer for schools.

➢ Fun computer for children to experiment with at home (programming, robotics, etc...)

➢ Credit- card sized, fanless, instant start up.

➢ Complete easy to program computers.

➢ Ultra low cost and power.

One of the earliest prototype of the Pi

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1.4 ORGANIZATION
The report presented above is organized into five chapters as followed:

Chapter 1:
Gives brief introduction and literacy of Raspberry Pi. The main idea behind its creation, goal and its foundation.
The chapter summaries its (27) pin description with diagram laying the specifications and description of each
port. Includes the motivation behind this system to be driven into the technology world and creating a drift
among students and learners.

Chapter 2:
Gives detailed description of the two models A and B one without ethernet port and other one with ethernet port
respectively. Further unfolds in component description providing brief summary of the components on the Pi
board like Audio Out, GPIO,
USB etc. with three programming codes listed as followed LED blinking, LCD control and IR sensor, Bluetooth
Connection, HTML code for php.

Chapter 3:
This chapter includes an IOT based project in which a Home Security System using PIR sensor and PI camera,
description of component required and working explanation as how the PIR sensor is used to detect the presence
and how the PI camera is used to capture the images, circuit description, coding and result and discussion.

Chapter 4:
Gives chapter gives future scope providing details of advancement and the technology replacing previous
systems. Conclusion provides overall facts and attributes related to Raspberry Pi.

Chapter 5:
Final chapter folds up with merits like power consumption , small form factor , no noise ,expansion capabilities
, multiple uses , trouble shooting and demerits like ARM architecture , RAM not upgradable , minimal
multitasking , less power , low graphics and applications such as teaching hardware interfacing , media centre,
home applications , for creating digital photo frames and tablets .

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 CHAPTER 2: TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTED
2.1 RASPBERRY PI TECHNOLOGY
The raspberry pi comes in two models; they are model A and model B. The main difference between model A and
model B is USB port. Model A board will consume less power and that does not include an Ethernet port. But, the
model B board includes an Ethernet port and designed in china. The raspberry pi comes with a set of open source
technologies, i.e. communication and multimedia web technologies.

2.2 RASPBERRY PI COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

The Raspberry Pi device looks like a motherboard, with the mounted chips and ports exposed (something you'd
expect to see only if you opened up your computer and looked at its internal boards), but it has all the
components you need to connect input, output, and storage devices and start computing.

There are two models of the device: Model A and Model B. The only real differences are the addition

of Ethernet and an extra USB port on the more expensive Model B. Various components on the

Raspberry Pi board:

• ARM CPU/GPU -- This is a Broadcom BCM2835 System on a Chip (SoC) that's made up of an ARM
central processing unit (CPU) and a Videocore 4 graphics processing unit (GPU). The CPU handles all
the computations that make a computer work (taking input, doing calculations and producing output),
and the GPU handles graphics output.

• GPIO -- These are exposed general-purpose input/output connection points that will allow the real
hardware hobbyists the opportunity to tinker.

• RCA -- An RCA jack allows connection of analog TVs and other similar output devices.

• Audio out -- This is a standard 3.55-millimeter jack for connection of audio output devices such as
headphones or speakers. There is no audio in.

• LEDs -- Light-emitting diodes, for all of your indicator light needs.

• USB -- This is a common connection port for peripheral devices of all types (including your mouse and
keyboard). Model A has one, and Model B has two. You can use a USB hub to expand the number of
ports or plug your mouse into your keyboard if it has its own USB port.

• HDMI -- This connector allows you to hook up a high-definition television or other compatible device
using an HDMI cable.

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• Power -- This is a 5v Micro USB power connector into which you can plug your compatible power
supply.

• SD cardslot -- This is a full-sized SD card slot. An SD card with an operating system (OS) installed is
required for booting the device. They are available for purchase from the manufacturers, but you can also
download an OS and save it to the card yourself if you have a Linux machine and the wherewithal.

• Ethernet -- This connector allows for wired network access and is only available on the Model B.

Many of the features that are missing, such as WiFi and audio in, can be added using the USB port(s) or a USB
hub as needed. Next: More details on the device itself and its compatible operating systems.

Diagram of the Raspberry Pi

2.3 PROGRAMMING CODES

2.3.1 LED BLINKING

#include <wiringPi.h>

#include <stdio.h> #define LedPin 0 int

main(void)

{ if(wiringPiSetup() == -1)

{
printf("setup wiringPi failed !\n"); return
Diagram of led blink
-1;

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 }

pinMode(LedPin, OUTPUT);

while(1) {

digitalWrite(LedPin, LOW);

printf("led on\n");

delay(1000);

digitalWrite(LedPin, HIGH);

printf("led off\n");

delay(1000); } return 0;

2.3.2 LCD CONTROL Figure of lcd

#include <stdio.h>

#include<wiringPi.h>
#include <lcd.h>

#include <time.h>

#define LCD_RS 21 // register select pin

#define LCD_E 22 // Enable pin

#define LCD_D4 23 //data pin 4

#define LCD_D5 24 //data pin 5

#define LCD_D6 25 //data pin 6

#define LCD_D7 28 //data pin 7

Intmain()

{
Intlcd;

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 Char y[6]= “hello”;

wiringPiSetup();

while(1) {

Lcd=lcd1nit(2,16,4,LCD_RS, LCD_RS, LCD_E, LCD_D4, LCD_D5, LCD_D6, LCD_D7, 0,0,0,0);

Lcdprintf(lcd, “%s”, “y”);}

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 2.3.3 IR SENSOR

#include <stdio.h>

#include<wiringPi.h> Void main(){ wiringPiSetup(); //

function declaration int sensor=0,out=1,x;

pinMode(sensor,input); //pin definition Diagram of IR Sensor

pinMode(out,output); digital

write(0,low); while(1)

{ x=digitalRead(sensor);

if(x!=0)

Printf(“sensor is working”);

Delay(100);

}Else
{

Printf(“sensor is not working”); Delay(100);}}}

2.3.4 BLUETOOTH CONTROL

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<wiringPi.h> #include<wiringSerial.h>
void main() { int serial_port,x=0;
wiringPiSetup(); pinMode(x,OUTPUT);
digitalwrite(x,LOW); char dat; {
if((serial_port=serial open(“/dev/ttySo”,9600))<0)
{

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 fprintf(stderr,”unable to open serial device:%s\n”,sterror(errno)); return
1;

} if(wiringPiSetup==-1)
{ fprintf(stdout,”unable to start wiringPi:
%s\n”,sterror(errno)); return 1;}

while(1)
{if(serialDataAvail(serial_port))
{
dat=serialGetchar(serial_port);
printf(“%c”,dat); fflush(stdout);
}}}}
2.3.4 HTML CODE FOR LED BLINKING

<html>
<body>
<h1>LED CONTROLLER</h1>

<form action=”php1.php”method=”get”>

<input type=”submit” value=”ON” style=”color=red”;/> <form>

<form action=”php2.php” method=”get”>

<input type=”submit” value=”OFF” style=”color=red”;/>

</form>
</body>
</html>

2.3.4 HTML CODE FOR PHP

<?php
$php=fopen(“c:\wamp\www\soni.txt”,”w”);

$txt=”on\n”; fwrite(php,$txt);
fclose($php);
?>

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 CHAPTER 3: PROJECT ON IOT BASED RASPBERRY PI HOME
SECURITY SYSTEM WITH EMAIL ALERT
3.1 Introduction
:

In the world of Internet of Things (IoT) when we have all the technologies to revolutionize our life, it's a great
idea to develop a system which can be controlled and monitored from anywhere. There are many types of good
security systems and cameras out there for home security but they are much expensive so today we will build a
low cost simple Raspberry Pi based Intruder Alert System, which not only alert you through an email but also
sends the picture of Intruder when it detects any.
In this IoT based Project, we will build a Home Security System using PIR Sensor and PI Camera. This system
will detect the presence of Intruder and quickly alert the user by sending him a alert mail. This mail will also
contain the Picture of the Intruder, captured by Pi camera. Raspberry Pi is used to control the whole system.
This system can be installed at the main door of your home or office and you can monitor it from anywhere in
the world using your Email over internet.

3.2 Components Required:

• Raspberry Pi
• Pi Camera
• PIR Sensor
• LED
• Bread Boarding
• Resistor (1k)
• Connecting wires
• Power supply

3.3 Working Explanation :

Working of this Project is very simple. A PIR sensor is used to detect the presence of any person and a Pi
Camera is used to capture the images when the presence it detected.
Whenever anyone or intruder comes in range of PIR sensor, PIR Sensor triggers the Pi Camera through
Raspberry Pi. Raspberry pi sends commands to Pi camera to click the picture and save it. After it, Raspberry Pi
creates a mail and sends it to the defined mail address with recently clicked images. The mail contains a
message and picture of intruder as attachment. Here we have used the message “Please find the attachment”,
you can change it accordingly in the Code given at the end.
You can also adjust the detection range or distance of this system using PIR sensor’s potentiometers.

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3.4 Circuit Description :

In this Intruder Alert System, we only need to connect Pi Camera module and PIR sensor to Raspberry Pi 3. Pi
Camera is connected at the camera slot of the Raspberry Pi and PIR is connected to GPIO pin 18. A LED is also
connected to GPIO pin 17 through a 1k resistor.

Circuit diagram of home automation using raspberry pi

3.5 Coding :
import picamera
import time
import stmplib

from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart

from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email.MIMEImage import MIMEImage

from email= “[email protected]”

toaddr= “[email protected]”

mail= MIMEMultipart

mail[‘From’]= fromaddr
mail[‘to’]= toaddr

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mail['Subject'] = "Attachment" body

led=17
pir=18
HIGH=1
LOW=0
gpio.setwarnings(False)
gpio.setmode(gpio.BCM)
gpio.setup(led, gpio.OUT) # initialize GPIO Pin as outputs
gpio.setup(pir, gpio.IN) # initialize GPIO Pin as input
data=""
def sendMail(data):
mail.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))

attachment = open(dat, 'rb')

image=MIMEImage(attachment.read())

server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)

server.login(fromaddr, "your password")

text = mail.as_string()
server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddr, text)

def capture_image():
data= time.strftime("%d_%b_%Y|%H:%M:%S")

camera.capture('%s.jpg'%data)
camera.stop_preview()

gpio.output(led , 0)
camera = picamera.PiCamera()
camera.rotation=180
camera.awb_mode= 'auto'
camera.brightness=55

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 = "Please find the attachment" print

data dat='%s.jpg'%data print dat

attachment.close()

mail.attach(image)

server.starttls()

server.quit()

camera.start_preview(
) time.sleep(5) print
data

time.sleep(1) sendMail(data)
while 1:
if gpio.input(pir)==1:
gpio.output(led, HIGH)
capture_image()

while(gpio.input(pir)==1):
time.sleep(1)

else:
gpio.output(led, LOW)
time.sleep(0.01)

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 3.6 Result and Disscussion:

The Proposed System provides Security to the house by detecting the presence of any intruder. If any intruder is
detected, an alarm is raised and the owner and law enforcements are notified via email. The proposed work
eliminates the overhead associated with traditional system such as high down time during repair and
maintenance and any kind of device tampering that an intruder or hacker can do to the system. The proposed
work makes use of Raspberry PI as the controller and since it being the latest technology it provides more
compatibility with the latest devices and sensor and also provides more room for future enhancement such as
exploiting more of Raspberry PI’s functionality in areas of efficient consumption of electricity by automating the
control of lights for much efficient power management.
• Contingent upon the character of camera higher image or video of the unwelcome person may well be caught
and transfered to the businessman. In future, projected model may well be invigorated by together with the
GPS framework and exchanging the caught image or video to the nighest station by movement all of the
passageways of the keen home.
• This begins once while not shopper input and additional it naturally send email to businessman on any
interruption location and businessman build would like move. It will be inferred that the projected framework
exhibit the essential level of home security and remote observant whereas the specified targets of home
security framework are accomplished. This ease home security framework has least postponement amid
procedure of email alarm. This paper in addition affirms the upper side of Raspberry Pi because the ability as
way as value and wide chance of its use. propaedeutic examinations have incontestable empowering comes
regarding.

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 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
4.1 CONCLUSION

The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United Kingdom by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basic computer science in schools and in developing
countries.

It is an innovative product. The sheer number of users and fan base support the fact that the device can see a
great future ahead. The device can surely help anyone who really wants to lean electronics and computers.
Increasing the processing power can surely help, also currently windows operating system are not compatible
because of the ARM processor.
Raspberry pi is an amazing piece of hardware because of the combination of the features of a traditional
computer and an embedded device. Supporting computer operating system like Linux and providing sample
input/output lines i.e. the GIPO makes it perfect for controlling almost anything. Programming the GIPO is
much easy and intuitive then an traditional FPGA or microprocessor.

Finally, it can be said that raspberry pi can be effectively used it its processing power is kept in mind. It can
work as a personal computer but cannot replace it.

4.2 FUTURE SCOPE

Raspberry Pi is a mini computer itself. We can do anything (almost) a Linux box can do using a
Raspberry Pi.

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 This development board has taken its place on top of all Single Board Computers available in the
market when it was introduced to public. This is due to the ease with which applications can be
developed as well as wide scope of Projects that can be build using this tiny board. The cost of this
board is very low when compared to other boards with the same specs.

Another reason why we say Raspberry Pi has a great future ahead is their active community.
Raspberry Pi have an active community which support young enthusiasts and hobbyists, helping with
new Raspberry Pi Projects, developing newer boards and technology while still providing support to
older Raspberry Pi versions - Software as well as Hardware.

CHAPTER 5: MERITS, DEMERITS AND APPLICATIONS

5.1 MERITS
5.1.1 Power Consumption
The Raspberry Pi draws about five to seven watts of electricity. This is about one tenth of what a compatible
full-size box can use. Since servers are running constantly night and day, the electrical savings can really add
up.

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 CHAPTER 5: MERITS, DEMERITS AND APPLICATIONS
5.1 MERITS
5.1.1 Power Consumption
The Raspberry Pi draws about five to seven watts of electricity. This is about one tenth of what a compatible
full-size box can use. Since servers are running constantly night and day, the electrical savings can really add
up.
5.1.2 No Moving Parts
The Raspberry Pi uses an SD card for storage, which is fast and has no moving parts. A class 10 SD card is
usually the best performing compared to lower class cards.

5.1.3 Small Form Factor

The Raspberry Pi (with a case) can be held in your hand. A comparable full-size box cannot. This means the pi
can be integrated inside of devices, too.
5.1.4 No Noise
The Raspberry Pi is completely silent.

5.1.5 Expansion Capabilities

There are numerous devices available for the pi, all at very affordable prices. Everything from an I/O
board(GPIO) to a camera. The pi has two USB ports, however by hooking up a powered USB hub, more devices
can be added.
5.1.6 Multiple Uses
Having the storage on an SD card makes it easy to swap with other SD cards running other GNU/ Linux
distributions quickly and easily change the functionality of Pi. If you want to set up the Pi to run as a server to
test it out, then later try something else, just swap the SD card and you are done.

5.1.7 Overclocking Capability

The Raspberry Pi can be overclocked if there are performance problems with the application used, but it is at the
user’s risk to do this.
5.1.8 Affordable
Compared to other similar alternatives, the Pi offers the best specs for the price. It is one of the few devices in its
class that offers 512 MB of RAM.

5.1.9 Built-in HDMI capable graphics

The display port on the Pi is HDMI and can handle resolutions up to 1920*1920, which is nice for making the Pi
in to a video player box.

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5.1.10 Huge Community Support
The Raspberry Pi has phenomenal community support. Support can be obtained quite easily for the hardware
and/or GNU/Linux software that runs on the Pi mainly in user forums, depending on the GNU/ Linux
distribution used.

5.1.11 Status Lights

There are several status lights on the Raspberry Pi’s motherboard. With a clear case you can see NIC activity,
disk I/O, power status etc.

5.1.12 Computer Troubleshooting

Almost all businesses occasionally find themselves hamstrung with computer connectivity problems or
malfunctioning components. The Raspberry Pi can be used as an information security testing tool by coupling it
to network-penetration software so that it can hunt out weaknesses in companies systems.

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5.2 DEMERITS

5.2.1 ARM architecture

While ARM is a highly efficient and low powered architecture, it is not x86 and therefore any binaries that are
compiled to run on x86 cannot run on the Pi. The good news is that entire GNU/Linux distributions have been
compiled for the ARM architecture and new ones are appearing all of the time. There are very few applications
that absolutely need x86. The only one that I found so far to be a problem is Wine, which runs Windows
programs. Unfortunately, Wine does not work on the Pi.

5.2.2 RAM not upgradable

The main components of the Pi are soldered to the motherboard, including the RAM which is 512 MB. This is
not a problem though as GNU/Linux can easily run on this. I've found the Pi uses about 100 MB of RAM while
running as a small server

5.2.3 Minimal Multitasking

The Raspberry Pi is purposely low power (that’s why it is inexpensive), so although there isn’t all that much
latency and drag for normal activities, you have only one core with the zero, and four cores with the pi3, so you
have to curtail how much multitasking you might normally like to do.

5.2.4 Limited Memory

The memory of the Raspberry Pi is more limited than you are probably used to, with just 512MB or 256 MB
available. You can’t expand that with extra memory in the way you can a desktop PC.

5.2.5 Low Graphics

The graphics capabilities lag behind today’s market. The Raspberry Pi foundation says the Pi’s graphics are
roughly the same as the original Microsoft Xbox games console, which was released 10 years ago. Both the
Pentium 2PC and the original Xbox were fine machines, of course, for their time.

5.2.6 Hardware related Problems

If your project requires a lot of hardware interaction and need to read data from lot of sensors or need to control
lot of devices, then Raspberry Pi may not be the best choice because in Raspberry Pi the hardware design is not
open source.

5.2.7 Less Power Does not have enough power to

drive inductive loads.

Short Summary of merits and demerits of Raspberry Pi

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 FEATURES RASPBERRY PI

1) Processor Speed 700 MHz

2) Programming Language No limit

3) Real time Hardware No real time

4) Analog to Digital Convertor No

5) Hardware Design Closed Source

6) Internet Connection Very easy

5.3 APPLICATIONS

Home Applications
With a raspberry pi, switches, web server, enthusiasts have created home automation systems that can control
fans and lights of a home from the pi or even a smartphone.

Home automation using RPi.

Robotics
It can be used in robotics for controlling motors, sensors etc.

Light painting using RPi.

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Media Centre
It can be used as a media centre at home. Any television can be converted to a smart TV with internet
capabilities with the Pi.

Raspberry pi media centre kit.

Other Applications:
Teaching hardware interfacing.
It ca be used as a downloading machine replacing desktop computers.
It can be used for designing prototype of DIY projects and certain embedded devices. It becomes very cheap
option for testing and evaluation purpose.
Can be used in creating and handling small servers.
Used for making digital photo frames, tablets etc. at home

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 APPENDIX

GPIO Precautions

The GPIO pins are 3.3 logic level only, and are not 5V tolerant.
If you momentarily shorted the two end GPIO pins together, or a supply pin to the ground and the Pi
appears to be dead then the input polyfuse may have tripped.

It is self resetting after it cools down. Set the Pi aside and try again
later.

HOW TO TEST THE POLYFUSE

1. Remove all the things plugged in your Raspberry Pi.

2. Locate the test point on the top of the board.
3. Turn your board and find the test point at the bottom of the board. One of your multimeter lead will
always be on the point at the bottom of your board.
4. Plug your power supply in the micro usb port and power your board.
5. Place one lead of your multimeter on the point on the bottom of the board and one lead on the side of
the fuse closest to the edge of the board.Note the voltage.
6. Keeping one lead on the test point and move other lead to the side of the fuse closest to the SD card
slot. This is the voltage coming out of the fuse.
If the voltage is different by more than about 0.3v you probably have an issue with the fuse.

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