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    Experiment 1 PDF

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    Jarin Tasnim
    This document describes an experiment to model short, medium, and long transmission lines and evaluate their performance. The objectives are to study transmission line characteristics at no-load and full-load, and to construct models to calculate voltage regulation, transmission efficiency, etc. The experiment involves calculating parameters for a 208km line using short and medium models, constructing equivalent circuits, measuring voltages and currents with no-load and full-load, and comparing analytical and experimental results. Key findings are expected to show the limitations of using a short line model for long lines and differences in voltage regulation between models.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Experiment 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Jarin Tasnim
    562 views5 pages
    This document describes an experiment to model short, medium, and long transmission lines and evaluate their performance. The objectives are to study transmission line characteristics at no-load and full-load, and to construct models to calculate voltage regulation, transmission efficiency, etc. The experiment involves calculating parameters for a 208km line using short and medium models, constructing equivalent circuits, measuring voltages and currents with no-load and full-load, and comparing analytical and experimental results. Key findings are expected to show the limitations of using a short line model for long lines and differences in voltage regulation between models.

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    This document describes an experiment to model short, medium, and long transmission lines and evaluate their performance. The objectives are to study transmission line characteristics at no-load and full-load, and to construct models to calculate voltage regulation, transmission efficiency, etc. The experiment involves calculating parameters for a 208km line using short and medium models, constructing equivalent circuits, measuring voltages and currents with no-load and full-load, and comparing analytical and experimental results. Key findings are expected to show the limitations of using a short line model for long lines and differences in voltage regulation between models.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    562 views5 pages

    Experiment 1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Jarin Tasnim
    This document describes an experiment to model short, medium, and long transmission lines and evaluate their performance. The objectives are to study transmission line characteristics at no-load and full-load, and to construct models to calculate voltage regulation, transmission efficiency, etc. The experiment involves calculating parameters for a 208km line using short and medium models, constructing equivalent circuits, measuring voltages and currents with no-load and full-load, and comparing analytical and experimental results. Key findings are expected to show the limitations of using a short line model for long lines and differences in voltage regulation between models.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    EEE 306 Power System I Laboratory

    Experiment 1

    Study of the Transmission Line Models


    Objective:
     To study the characteristics of a transmission line at no-load and full-load.
     To construct the models of short, medium and long transmission lines and evaluate their
    performance in terms of voltage regulation, transmission efficiency etc.

    Introduction:
    Electric power has three major areas of interest:
    a) Power generation
    b) Power transmission
    c) Power utilization
    The experiment is concerned with the transmission of power between a source (power generator) and
    a remotely located load (power utilization).

    Theory:
    A transmission line has four parameters R, L, C and G distributed uniformly along the whole length
    of the line. The resistance, R and inductance, L form the series impedance. The capacitance, C and
    conductance, G existing between conductors and/or neutral form shunt paths throughout the length of
    the line. Depending on the length of the line, transmission lines are classified as
    I. Short transmission line: When the length of a transmission line is less than 80 km, it is usually
    considered as a short transmission line. Due to small length, the shunt paths can be neglected.
    The short transmission line model is shown below.

    IS Z = zl
    IR

    + +
    Gen. VS VR Load
    - -

    Dept. of EEE, BUET Page |1


    EEE 306 Power System I Laboratory

    where, r = series resistance per unit length (m) per phase;


    L = inductance per unit length (m) per phase;
    z = r + j  L = series impedance per unit length (m) per phase;
    l = length of the transmission line;
    II. Medium transmission line: When the length of the transmission line is between 80 km and 240
    km, it is considered as a medium transmission line.
    Medium length line (nominal-  ) model:

    IS Z = zl
    IR

    + Y Y +
    Gen. VS 2 2 Load
    VR
    - -

    where, Y = yl = j  C l = total shunt admittance per phase to neutral


    y = shunt admittance per unit length (m) per phase to neutral
    C = shunt capacitance per unit length (m) per phase;
    III. Long transmission line: When the length of a transmission line is more than 240 km, it is
    considered as a long transmission line.
    Long line (equivalent-  ) model:

    IS Z sinh  l
    l IR
    +
    Y Y +
    Gen. VS 2 2 Load
    VR
    -
    -

    l
    tanh( )
    Y Y 2
    where,  and  = zy = propagation constant.
    2 2 l
    ( )
    2

    Dept. of EEE, BUET Page |2


    EEE 306 Power System I Laboratory

    Typical arrangement of a double line three phase transmission line is shown in Fig. 1.

    18/
    a c/

    10/

    b/
    21/
    b

    10/

    c a/
    18/

    Fig. 1: Typical arrangement of conductors of a parallel-circuit three phase line


    The transmission line parameters are
    r = 0.0962  /km at 50 Hz
    L = 6.13 x 10-7 H/m per phase
    C = 6.3462 x 10-12 F/m per phase to neutral
    We will use these values to model a l = 208 km transmission line using short, medium and long
    transmission line model.
    Note: The ratio of the actual transmission line and simulated model parameters are
    Voltage ratio : 500
    Current ratio : 1000
    Power ratio : 500000

    Procedure:
    1. Calculate the circuit parameters of the above-mentioned transmission line using short and
    medium line models.
    Table 1: Parameters of the transmission line models
    Type of the model Series resistance, R Series reactance, X Shunt admittance, Y
    Short line
    Medium length line
    2. Construct the equivalent circuit of the transmission line using short line model as shown in
    Fig. 2.

    Dept. of EEE, BUET Page |3


    EEE 306 Power System I Laboratory

    A R+jX A
    IS IR

    230V-50 Hz VS V V VR Load

    Fig. 2: Equivalent circuit of transmission line using short line model


    Use load of 400  . Measure the voltages of source and load end voltages and currents at no-
    load and full-load conditions. Calculate the values of line voltage drop, voltage regulation,
    line loss, transmission efficiency and sending end power factor.
    Table 2: Data for short line model
    Loading VS IS Sending VR IR Receiving Voltage Voltage Line Efficiency
    condition end p. f. end p. f. drop regulation loss
    No-load

    Full-load
    3. Repeat step 2 for medium length model keeping the same load current obtained in the short
    line model.
    Table 3: Data for medium-length line model
    Loading VS IS Sending VR IR Receiving Voltage Voltage Line Efficiency
    condition end p. f. end p. f. drop regulation loss
    No-load

    Full-load

    Report:
    1. Analytically calculate the voltage regulation, line loss, efficiency and sending end power
    factor using short and medium-length line model for the full-load value of VR, IR and
    receiving end p. f. measured in the experiment. Compare the results of your analysis with the
    values obtained from the experimental measurements.
    2. Calculate the voltage regulation, line loss, efficiency and sending end power factor for the
    same load using long transmission line model.

    Dept. of EEE, BUET Page |4


    EEE 306 Power System I Laboratory

    3. Give comparison of the voltage regulation obtained using the three different models? What is
    the limitation of modeling a long transmission line using a short line model?

    Reference:
    1. Power System Analysis – John J. Grainger and William D. Stevenson, Jr.

    Dept. of EEE, BUET Page |5

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