14

PIPELINES AND ONSHORE FACILITIES

ruc
2011
FACTS
127
 12° 10° 8° 6° 4° 2° 0° 2° 4° 6° 8°

Norne 66°
Skarv
Åsgard Heidrun
62°
Kristin

Draugen

E
ENPIP
Njord
FAROE

HALT
ISLANDS Ormen Lange 64°

Tjeldbergodden

T
OR
60° Nyhamna Trondheim

SP
AN
TR
RD
Murchison Snorre

GA
ÅS
Statfjord Visund Gjøa
TAMPEN LINK
SHETLAND Gullfaks Kvitebjørn Florø 62°
Valemon
Huldra Veslefrikk
Brage Mongstad
Oseberg Troll
THE ORKNEYS OTS Stura
Kollsnes

STA
58° Bergen

T PI
AG
S Heimdal NORWAY

PE
FL Beryl Alvheim l A
LED Grane l

ll B
ER PE I
ST EP E
IP
V E GE ZE 60°
Kårstø
EP

SA Brae
ZE

Sleipner PIPE
St. Fergus Rev STAT Stavanger Grenland
Cruden Bay Armada Draupner S/E
Forties
56°

Ula SWEDEN 58°

ED
TS

Gyda
CA

EL

Ekofisk
NG
LA

Valhall
PI P E Hod
NOR
EUROPIPE ll

54° Teesside DENMARK

EU R
OPIP

56°
NO

El
R PI
PE

Easington
F R A PI P E l
PE
N PI

52° GREAT Bacton

Z EE

BRITAIN Emden Dornum GERMANY 54°

CO N
INTE TOR
N EC

Existing gas pipeline

R-

THE Projected gas pipeline

NETHERLANDS
Existing oil-/condensate
Zeebrugge pipeline
50° Dunkerque
Projected oil-/condensate 52°
BELGIUM pipeline
FRANCE Other pipelines

0° 2° 4° 6° 8° 10° 12°

Figure 14.1 Existing and projected pipelines

Figure
(Source:14.1 Existing and
The Norwegian projected
Petroleum pipelines
Directorate)
(Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate)

128
Gassled Gassco invoices the shippers for the reserved capacity
Gassled is a joint venture for the owners of the gas transport as part of the capacity administration. The Gassled tariffs are
system linked to the Norwegian continental shelf. The gas based on tariffs at entry and exit points in the various areas
transport system consists of pipelines, platforms and onshore and are stipulated by the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy
process facilities and gas terminals abroad. The system is in the Tariff Regulations. In addition, tariffs are stipulated for
used by all parties needing to transport Norwegian gas. The processing services. The tariffs contain an element for capital
receiving terminals for Norwegian gas in Germany, Belgium, tariff that will provide the investors a reasonable return on
France and the UK are wholly or partially owned by Gassled. the originally invested capital, an element for investments to
Gassled is organised in different access zones with different maintain the system and an operation cost element to cover
tariff levels. operating expenses and certain minor investments.
Capacity can also be acquired in the second­hand market.
Through the second­hand market, the shippers can sell
Gassco’s role as neutral operator previously acquired capacity amongst themselves. All sales
Gassco’s role as a neutral and independent operator of the of transport capacity take place through a website, a virtual
gas transport system is important for ensuring that all users marketplace where the companies can bid on each other’s
are treated equally, both as regards utilisation of the transport available transport capacity.
system and considerations for increasing capacity. This is
necessary to ensure efficient utilisation of the resources on
the continental shelf. Efficient utilisation of the existing gas Facility management
transport system can also contribute to reducing or post­ Facility management ensures that current gas transport
poning the need for new investments. Gassco has the opera­ facilities are continually optimised and modified. In addition,
torship and coordinates and manages the gas streams through facility management handles construction of new facilities
the pipeline network to the markets (system operation). or equipment, if necessary. In connection with establishing
In addition, Gassco is responsible for administration of the gas Gassco, it was decided that the original players, in certain
transport capacity (capacity administration) and development cases, would continue the day­to­day work of operating the
of infrastructure. facilities. One of Gassco’s important tasks is to check that
those that deliver technical services, do so in accordance
with current statutes, rules and agreements.
System operation
System operation entails planning, monitoring, coordination
and management of the product streams from the fields, Infrastructure development
through the transport network to gas terminals abroad. The Gassco is responsible for developing the infrastructure
users of the systems receive an agreed volume and quality of of the Norwegian gas transport system and must ensure
gas in accordance with requirements stipulated in the sales efficient use of the gas transport network. Gassco recom­
contracts between gas seller and buyer. Another important mends necessary capacity changes, which may result
part of the system operation is coordination of maintenance in further development and investment in infrastructure for
of pipelines and facilities on the Norwegian continental shelf. transport and processing of gas from the Norwegian shelf.
The system operation also entails preparing new transporta­ This ensures the consideration for the totality of the deve­
tion systems for operation, metering and audits (monitoring lopment alternatives for the infrastructure and utilisation of
volumes for the tax authorities), as well as planning all ship­ economies of scale.
ping of the liquid products from the Kårstø process facility.

Pipeline system facts

Capacity administration The table below shows gas pipelines and facilities covered
Capacity administration consists of allocation and distribution by Gassled. The transport capacities are based on standard
of capacity in the transport system pursuant to regulations assumptions for the pressure conditions and energy content
and agreements signed between the players. The gas shippers of the gas, maintenance days and flexibility in operation.
reserve transport capacity in the first­hand market based on
a daily need within a time period. These periods can be either
several years, one year or one day.

2011
FACTS
129
PIPELINES AND
ONSHORE FACILITIES 14
 Start-up Capacity Dimensions Length Investment cost
Pipeline From – to (year) (million (inches) (km) (billion NOK
scm/d) 2010)
Europipe Draupner E*–Emden in Germany 1995 45–54 40 620 23.3
Europipe II Kårstø–Dornum in Germany 1999 74 42 658 10.5
Franpipe Draupner E*–Dunkerque in France 1998 54 42 840 10.9
Norpipe Ekofisk–Norsea Gas Terminal 1977 32–44 36 440 28.9
in Germany
Oseberg Gas Transport Oseberg–Heimdal* 2000 40 36 109 2.2
(OGT)
Statpipe (rich gas) Statfjord–Kårstø 24 30 308
Statpipe (dry gas) Kårstø–Draupner S* 20 28 228
Statpipe (dry gas) Heimdal*–Draupner S* 30 36 155
Statpipe (dry gas) Draupner S*–Ekofisk Y 30 36 203
Statpipe 1985 49.9
(all pipelines)
Tampen Link Statfjord–FLAGS pipeline in the UK 2007 9–25 32 23 2.2
Vesterled Heimdal*–St. Fergus in Scotlandv 1978 38 32 360 35.3
Zeepipe Sleipner*–Draupner S* 55 30 30
Zeepipe Sleipner*–Zeebrugge in Belgium 1993 42 40 813
Zeepipe IIA Kollsnes–Sleipner* 1996 72 40 299
Zeepipe IIB Kollsnes–Draupner E* 1997 71 40 301
Zeepipe 26.3
(all pipelines)
Åsgard Transport Åsgard–Kårstø 2000 69 42 707 11.5
Langeled Nyhamna–Sleipner* 2007 80 42 627
(northern pipeline)
Langeled Sleipner*–Easington i England 2006 72 44 543
(southern pipeline)
Langeled 18.6
(both pipelines)
Norne Gas Transport Norne–Åsgard Transport 2001 4 16 128 1.3
System (NGTS)
Kvitebjørn gas pipeline Kvitebjørn–Kollsnes 2004 27 30 147 1.2
Gjøa gas pipeline Gjøa–FLAGS in the UK 2010 17 29 131 1.9
*Riser facility

Gassled onshore facilities in Norway

There are two onshore facilities in the Gassled system.

Kollsnes gas treatment facility

The gas treatment plant at Kollsnes is part of Gassled. At Kollsnes, the wellstream is separated into gas and condensate. The gas
is dried and compressed before it is shipped to the Continent through two pipelines to Sleipner and Draupner.
Kollsnes also delivers a lesser quantity of gas to the LNG facility at the Kollsnes industrial estate. Following a stabilisation
process, the condensate is routed on to the Vestprosess facility at Mongstad. In 2004, the Kollsnes facility was upgraded with an
NGL extraction facility for treatment of gas from Kvitebjørn and Visund. After the upgrade, the capacity is 143 million scm of dry
gas per day and 9780 scm of condensate per day. A new export compressor came on line in 2006.

Kårstø gas processing and condensate facility

Rich gas and unstabilised condensate arrive at Kårstø. In the process facility, these raw materials are separated into dry gas as
well as six different liquid products. In addition to methane, rich gas contains the components ethane, propane, normal butane,
methyl propane and naphtha. These are separated and stored for ship transport. The dry gas, which mainly contains methane
and ethane, is transported in two pipelines from Kårstø, Europipe II to Germany and Statpipe to Draupner. The Kårstø conden-
sate facility receives unstabilised condensate from Sleipner and stabilises the condensate by extracting the lightest components.
Ethane, methyl propane and normal butane are cooled and stored in tanks, while naphtha and condensate are stored in tanks
with ambient temperatures. Propane is cooled and stored in large cavern halls. Ships transport these products in liquid form
from Kårstø.

130
 Sm3

The facilities at Kårstø include four extraction and fractionation lines for methane, ethane, propane, butane and naphtha, and
one fractionation line for stabilisation of condensate. The condensate facility has a capacity of about 5.5 million tonnes of non-
stabilised condensate per year. After the last expansion (Kårstø Expansion Project 2005), the capacity for recovering ethane at
Kårstø was increased to 950 000 tonnes per year. At the same time, the gas treatment facility was upgraded to handle 88 million
scm of rich gas per day.

Onshore facilities Location Capacity gas Capacity other products

Kollsnes gas treatment facility Øygarden municipality 143 million scm/d dry gas 1.3 million tonnes/year
in Hordaland condensate
Kårstø gas processing and Tysvær municipality 77 million scm/d dry gas 6.3 million tonnes/year NGL
condensate facility in Rogaland and condensate

Pipelines outside Gassled

Gas pipelines

Start-up Capacity Dimensions Length Investment cost

Pipeline Operator From – to (year) (Inches) (km) (billion NOK
2010)
Draugen AS Norske Shell Draugen–Åsgard 2000 2 billion 16 78 1.2
Gas Export Transport scm/year
Grane Statoil Heimdal–Grane 2003 3.6 billion 18 50 0.3
Gas Pipeline Petroleum AS scm/year
Haltenpipe Gassco AS Heidrun–Tjeldberg- 1996 2 billion 16 250 3.2
odden scm/year
Heidrun Statoil Heidrun–Åsgard 2001 4 billion 16 37 1
Gas Export Petroleum AS Transport scm/year

Oil and condensate pipelines

Start-up Capacity Dimensions Length Investment cost

Pipeline Operator From – to (year) (Inches) (km) (billion NOK
2010)
Grane Statoil Grane–Sture 2003 34 000 29 220 1.7
Oil Pipeline Petroleum AS Terminal scm/d oil
Kvitebjørn Statoil Kvitebjørn–Mongstad 2004 10 000 16 90 0,5
Oil Pipeline Petroleum AS (connected to the scm/d oil
Y-connection on Troll
Oil Pipeline II)
Norpipe Norpipe Oil AS Ekofisk–Teeside 1975 53 million 34 354 17.8
Oil Pipeline in the UK scm/year oil
Oseberg Transport Statoil Oseberg A–Sture 1988 121 000 28 115 10.5
System Petroleum AS Terminal scm/d oil
Sleipner Øst con- Statoil Sleipner A–Kårstø 1993 32 000 20 245 1.7
densate pipeline Petroleum AS scm/d oil
Troll Oil Pipeline I Statoil Troll B–Mongstad 1995 42 500 16 86 1.3
Petroleum AS scm/d oil
Troll Oil Pipeline II Statoil Troll C–Mongstad 1999 40 000 20 80 1.2
Petroleum AS scm/d oil
Huldra condensate Statoil Huldra-Veslefrikk 2001 7900 8 16 0,35
Petroleum AS scm/d
Gjøa Oil Pipeline GDF SUEZ E&P Gjøa – TOR 2010 5,4 million 16 55 km
Norway AS (Troll Oil Pipeline) II scm/year oil
(Mongstad)

2011
FACTS
131
pipelines and
onshore facilities 14
Other onshore facilities

Onshore facility Location Description and products

The Mongstad Hordaland Three quay facilities for ships up to 400 000 tonnes.
terminal 3 mountain caverns totalling 1.5 million m3 of crude oil.
Receives crude oil by ship from e.g. Gullfaks, Statfjord, Draugen, Norne, Åsgard and Heidrun
and is the landing terminal for the oil pipelines from Troll B, Troll C, Fram, Kvitebjørn, Gjøa,
Vega and Vega Sør.

Nyhamna Aukra municipality The process facility for Ormen Lange at Nyhamna is a conventional facility for gas dehydra­
onshore facility in Møre og Romsdal tion, compression, gas export, condensate separation/stabilisation/storage as well as fiscal
metering of gas and condensate. The facility has a capacity of 70 million scm of dry gas per
day at a receiving pressure of 90 bar.

Melkøya Off Hammerfest The untreated wellstream from the Snøhvit field is routed through a 143­kilometre long
onshore facility in Finnmark County pipeline to the facility on Melkøya for processing and ship transport. At the onshore facility,
condensate, water and CO2 are separated from the wellstream before the natural gas is cooled
to liquid form (LNG) and stored in dedicated tanks. The pipeline has an accessible technical
capacity of 7.7 million scm per year. The CO2 that is separated from the natural gas is returned
to the Snøhvit field where it is injected into a separate formation under the oil and gas.

The Sture terminal Øygarden The Sture terminal receives oil and condensate through the pipeline from Oseberg A, from the
municipality Oseberg, Veslefrikk, Brage, Oseberg Sør, Oseberg Øst, Tune and Huldra fields. The terminal
in Hordaland also receives oil from the Grane field through the Grane oil pipeline. The Sture facility includes
two quay facilities that can receive oil tankers up to 300 000 tonnes, five crude caverns with
a capacity of 1 million scm, an LPG cavern holding 60 000 scm and a ballast water cavern
holding 200 000 m3. A fractionation plant processes unstabilised crude from the Oseberg field
into stable crude oil and LPG blends.

Tjeldbergodden Aure municipality Methanol plant. The gas deliveries through Haltenpipe amount to about 0.7 billion scm per
in Nordmøre year, which yields 830 000 tonnes of methanol. An air gas plant has been built in connection
in Møre og Romsdal with the methanol plant. Tjeldbergodden Luftgassfabrikk DA also has a smaller fractionation
and LNG facility with a capacity of 35 million scm per year.

Vestprosess Lindås municipality The Vestprosess DA company owns and operates a transport system and separation facility
in Hordaland for wet gas (NGL). Through a 56­kilometre long pipeline, unstabilised NGL is shipped from
the gas terminal at Kollsnes via the oil terminal at Sture and on to Mongstad. At Mongstad,
naphtha and LPG are separated first. The naphtha is used as a raw material in the refinery,
while the LPG is fractionated in a separate process facility. The fractionation products, propane
and butane, are stored in caverns for subsequent export.

132