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Problem SET 9.2

1. The document contains solutions to problems from a linear algebra textbook involving inner products of vectors. 2. It finds the inner products of vectors a, b, and c, where a = (1, -3, 5), b = (4, 0, 8), and c = (-2, 9, 1). 3. It also calculates the magnitudes of vectors a, 2b, and -c and explores properties such as |a+b| ≤ |a| + |b|.

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Zhafaat Rahimi
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206 views2 pages

Problem SET 9.2

1. The document contains solutions to problems from a linear algebra textbook involving inner products of vectors. 2. It finds the inner products of vectors a, b, and c, where a = (1, -3, 5), b = (4, 0, 8), and c = (-2, 9, 1). 3. It also calculates the magnitudes of vectors a, 2b, and -c and explores properties such as |a+b| ≤ |a| + |b|.

Uploaded by

Zhafaat Rahimi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem SET 9.

2, page 367

1-10 Inner Product

Let 𝑎 = (1, −3, 5), 𝑏 = (4, 0, 8), 𝑐 = (−2, 9, 1). Find:

1. 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏, 𝑏 ∙ 𝑎, 𝑏 ∙ 𝑐
 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 = 1𝑥4 + (−3)𝑥0 + 5𝑥8 = 4 + 0 + 40 = 44
 𝑏 ∙ 𝑎 = 4𝑥1 + 0𝑥(−3) + 8𝑥5 = 4 + 0 + 40 = 44
 𝑏 ∙ 𝑐 = 4𝑥(−2) + 0𝑥9 + 8𝑥1 = −8 + 0 + 8 = 0
2. (−3𝑎 + 5𝑐) ∙ 𝑏, 15(𝑎 − 𝑐) ∙ 𝑏
 (−3𝑎 + 5𝑐) ∙ 𝑏 = (−3(1, −3, 5) + 5(−2, 9, 1)) ∙ (4, 0, 8)
= ((−3, 9, −15) + (−10, 45, 5)) ∙ (4, 0, 8)
= ((−3, 9, −15) ∙ (4, 0, 8) + (−10, 45, 5) ∙ (4, 0, 8))
= ((−3𝑥4 + 9𝑥0 + (−15)𝑥8) + (−10𝑥4 + 45𝑥0 + 5𝑥8))
= ((−12 + 0 + (−120)) + (−40 + 0 + 40))
= −132
3. |𝑎|, |2𝑏|, | − 𝑐|
 |𝑎| = √12 + (−3)2 + 52 = √1 + 9 + 25 = √35 = 5.916079783099616
 |2𝑏| = √82 + 02 + 162 = √64 + 0 + 256 = √320 = 17.88854381999832
 |−𝑐| = √22 + −92 + 12 = √4 + 81 + 1 = √86 = 9.273618495495704
4. |𝑎 + 𝑏|, |𝑎| + |𝑏|
 |𝑎 + 𝑏| = √(1 + 4)2 + (−3 + 0)2 + (5 + 8)2
= √52 + (−3)2 + 132
= √25 + 9 + 169
= √203
= 14.24780684877501
 |𝑎| + |𝑏| = √12 + (−3)2 + 52 + √42 + 02 + 82
= √1 + 9 + 25 + √16 + 64
= √35 + √80
= 5.916079783099616 + 8.944271909999159
= 14.86035169309878
5. |𝑏 + 𝑐|, |𝑏| + |𝑐|
2
 |𝑏 + 𝑐| = √(4 + (−2)) + (0 + 9)2 + (8 + 1)2

= √22 + 92 + 92
= √4 + 81 + 81
= √166
= 12.88409872672513
 |𝑏| + |𝑐| = √42 + 02 + 82 + √(−2)2 + 92 + 12
= √16 + 0 + 64 + √4 + 81 + 1
= √80 + √86
= 8.944271909999159 + 9.273618495495704
= 18.21789040549486
11-16 General Problem
11. What Laws do Probs. 1 and 4-7 illustrate.
 Prob. 1, dot product of vector
𝑎 = (𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ), 𝑏 = (𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 )
𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 = 𝑎1 𝑏1 + 𝑎2 𝑏2 + 𝑎3 𝑏3
 Probs. 4 and 5, use law |𝑎 + 𝑏| ≤ |𝑎| + |𝑏|
 Prob. 6, use law |𝑎 + 𝑏|2 + |𝑎 − 𝑏|2 = 2(|𝑎|2 + |𝑏|2 )
 Prob. 7, use law |𝑎 ∙ 𝑏| ≤ |𝑎||𝑏|
12. What does 𝑢 ∙ 𝑣 = 𝑢 ∙ 𝑤 imply if 𝑢 = 0? If 𝑢 ≠ 0?
With use law,
 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 = |𝑎||𝑏| cos 𝛾 if 𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 ≠ 0
 𝑎∙𝑏 =0 if 𝑎 = 0 or 𝑏 = 0

If 𝑢 = 0,
0 ∙ 𝑣 = 0 ∙ 𝑤 = 0,
 (𝑣|𝑣 ∈ 𝑅)
 (𝑤|𝑤 ∈ 𝑅)
If 𝑢 ≠ 0,
𝑢 ∙ 𝑣 = 𝑢 ∙ 𝑤 = |𝑢||𝑣| cos 𝛾 = |𝑢||𝑣| cos 𝛾
 𝑢=𝑤≠0
13. Prove the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality
 𝑎 = (𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ), 𝑏 = (𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏2 )
 The Cauchy-Schwarz inequality

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