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Java Servlets 110317050338 Phpapp01 PDF

The document provides an overview of Java servlet technology. It discusses what servlets are, their architecture and lifecycle. It explains why servlets are used and provides examples of servlets that process parameters and use sessions. The TimeServlet example demonstrates a simple servlet that displays the current time. Deploying servlets on Eclipse IDE is also covered.

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139 views57 pages

Java Servlets 110317050338 Phpapp01 PDF

The document provides an overview of Java servlet technology. It discusses what servlets are, their architecture and lifecycle. It explains why servlets are used and provides examples of servlets that process parameters and use sessions. The TimeServlet example demonstrates a simple servlet that displays the current time. Deploying servlets on Eclipse IDE is also covered.

Uploaded by

saksham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contents

1. Java Servlets Technology Overview


u What is a Java Servlet?
u Servlet Services
u Why Use Servlets?
u Time Servlet – Example
u Deploying Servlets on Eclipse IDE
2. Servlets Architecture
u Servlets API
u Servlets Life-Cycle
3. Contents
Servlet (2)
Examples
u Processing Parameters – Hello Servlet
u Image Counter Servlet
4. Using Sessions
u What is a Session?
u The Sessions API
u Session Timeout
5. Session Examples
u Login / Logout Application
u The Browser's Cache Problems
Java Servlets
Technology Overview
What is a Java Servlet?

u Java Servlets are:


u Technology for generating dynamic Web pages (like
PHP, ASP, ASP.NET, ...)
u Protocol and platform-independent server side
components, written in Java, which extend the
standard Web servers
u Java programs that serve HTTP requests
u The HttpServlet class
u Provides dynamic Web content generation (HTML, XML,
…)
What is a Java Servlet? (2)

u Servlets
u Provide a general framework for services built on the request-
response paradigm
u Portable to any Java application server
u Have access to the entire family of Java and Java EE APIs

u JDBC, Persistence, EJB, JMS, JAX-


WS, JTA, JTS, RMI, JNDI, JAXP, ...
u Fundamental part of all Java
Web application technologies
(JSP, JSF, ...)
Servlet Services

u Java Servlets provide many useful services


u Provides low-level API for building Internet
services
u Serves as foundation to JavaServer Pages
(JSP) and JavaServer Faces (JSF)
technologies
u Can deliver multiple types of data to any
client
u XML, HTML, WML, GIF, etc...
u Can serve as “Controller” of JSP/Servlet
application
u
Why Use Servlets?
Portability
u Write once, serve everywhere

u Power
u Can take advantage of all Java APIs
u Elegance
u Simplicity due to abstraction
u Efficiency & Endurance
u Highly scalable
Why
u Safety
Use Servlets? (2)
u Strong type-checking
u Memory management
u Integration
u Servlets tightly coupled with server
u Extensibility & Flexibility
u Servletsdesigned to be easily extensible, though
currently optimized for HTTP uses
u Flexible invocation of servlet (SSI, servlet-chaining,
filters, etc.)
Time Servlet – Example
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class TimeServlet extends HttpServlet {


public void doGet(HttpServletRequest aRequest,
HttpServletResponse aResponse)
throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter out = aResponse.getWriter();
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println("The time is: " +
new java.util.Date());
out.println("</HTML>");
}
}
Deploying Servlets on Eclipse
IDE

u First create new Web application


Deploying Servlets on Eclipse
IDE (2)

u Add new servlet to the Web


application
Deploying Servlets on Eclipse
IDE (3)

u Run the servlet


Deploying Servlets on Eclipse
IDE (4)

u The servlet in action


Java Servlets
Technical Architecture
Servlets Architecture

u The HttpServlet class


u Serves client's HTTP requests
u For each of the HTTP methods, GET, POST, and
others, there is corresponding method:
u doGet(…) – serves HTTP GET requests
u doPost(…) – serves HTTP POST requests
u doPut(…), doHead(…), doDelete(…),
doTrace(…), doOptions(…)
u The Servlet usually must implement one of the
first two methods or the service(…) method
Servlets Architecture (2)

u The HttpServletRequest object


u Contains the request data from the client
u HTTP request headers
u Form data and query parameters
u Other client data (cookies, path, etc.)
u The HttpServletResponse object
u Encapsulates data sent back to client
u HTTP response headers (content type, cookies,
etc.)
u Response body (as OutputStream)
u Servlets
The Architecture
HTTP GET (3)when:
method is used
u The processing of the request does not change the
state of the server
u The amount of form data is small
u You want to allow the request to be bookmarked
u The HTTP POST method is used when:
u The processing of the request changes the state of
the server, e.g. storing data in a DB
u The amount of form data is large
u The contents of the data should not be visible in the
URL (for example, passwords)
Servlets API

u The most important servlet functionality:


HttpServletRequest.getParameter(String)
u Retrieve the HTML form parameters from the
request (both GET and POST parameters)

u Retrieve a servlet initialization parameter


ServletConfig.getInitParameter()

u Retrieve HTTP request header information


HttpServletRequest.getHeader(String)
uServlets APIresponse
Set an HTTP (2) header / content type
HttpServletResponse.setHeader(<name>, <value>) /
HttpServletResponse.setContentType(String)

u Acquire a text stream for the response


HttpServletResponse.getWriter()

u Acquire a binary stream for the response


HttpServletResponse.getOutputStream()

u Redirect an HTTP request to another URL


HttpServletResponse.sendRedirect()
Servlets Life-Cycle
• The Web container New Destroyed
manages the life
cycle of servlet init()
Running
destroy()
instances
• The life-cycle service()
...()
methods should not doGet()
be called by your doDelete()

code doPost() doPut()

u You can provide an implementation of these


methods in HttpServlet descendent classes to
manipulate the servlet instance and the resources
it depends on
The init() Method

u Called by the Web container when the


servlet instance is first created
u The Servlets specification guarantees that
no requests will be processed by this
servlet until the init method has completed
u Override the init() method when:
u You need to create or open any servlet-
specific resources that you need for
processing user requests
u You need to initialize the state of the servlet
The service() Method

u Called by the Web container to process a user


request
u Dispatches the HTTP requests to doGet(…),
doPost(…), etc. depending on the HTTP request
method (GET, POST, and so on)
u Sends the result as HTTP response
u Usually we do not need to override this method
The destroy() Method

u Called by the Web container when the servlet


instance is being eliminated
u The Servlet specification guarantees that all requests
will be completely processed before this method is
called
u Override the destroy method when:
u You need to release any servlet-specific resources that
you had opened in the init() method
u You need to persist the state of the servlet
Java Servlets
Examples
Processing Parameters –
Hello Servlet

u We want to create a servlet that


takes an user name as a parameter
and
<form says "Hello,
method="GET <user_name>"
or POST" action="the servlet">
<input type="text" name="user_name">
u We need HTML form with a text field
</form>

u The servlet can later retrieve the


String name = request.getParameter("user_name");
value entered in the form field
Hello Servlet – Example
HelloForm.html
<html><body>
<form method="GET" action="HelloServlet">
Please enter your name:
<input type="text" name="user_name">
<input type="submit" value="OK">
</form>
</body></html>

HelloServlet.java
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {


Hello Servlet – Example
HelloServlet.java
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {

response.setContentType("text/html");
ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
String userName = request.getParameter("user_name");
out.println("<html><head>");
out.println("\t<title>Hello Servlet</title>");
out.println("</head><body>");
out.println("\t<h1>Hello, " + userName + "</h1>");
out.println("</body></html>");

}
Creating The Form in Eclipse
IDE

u Create new HTML form


Creating New Servlet in
Eclipse IDE

u Create new Servlet


Hello Servlet in Action
Hello Servlet –
u What
HTTPhappens
Requestwhen the user enters his name?
u InternetExplorer (IE) sends the following HTTP
request to Tomcat

GET /FirstWebApp/HelloServlet?user_name=Nakov HTTP/1.1


Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg,image/pjpeg,
application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint,
application/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, */*
Accept-Language: bg
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT
5.1; Q312461)
Host: nakov:8084
Connection: Keep-Alive
Hello Servlet –
u What
HTTPhappens when Tomcat receive and
Response
process the HTTP request
u Tomcat sends the following HTTP response to
Internet Explorer

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 100
Date: Fri, 26 Mar 2006 10:06:28 GMT
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1

<html><head>
<title>Hello Servlet</title>
</head><body>
<h1>Hello, Nakov</h1>
</body></html>
Image Counter Servlet

u We want to create a servlet that displays


an image counter (as JPEG image)
u The servlet should maintain an internal
counter
u Can be initialized in the init() method
and incremented in the doGet() method
u It should produce binary output (the JPEG)
image
u The content type should be set to
"image/jpeg"
Image Counter
import javax.servlet.*;
Servlet (2)
import javax.servlet.http.*;
...

public class ImageCounterServlet extends HttpServlet {


private String mStartDate;
private int mVisitCounter;

public void init() {


mStartDate = (new Date()).toString();
mVisitCounter = 0;
}

public BufferedImage createImage(String msg) {


...
}
Image Counter Servlet (3)
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException {
String msg;
synchronized(this) {
mVisitCounter++;
msg = "" + mVisitCounter + " visits since " +
mStartDate;
}
BufferedImage image = createImage(msg);
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
// Encode the image in JPEG format and
// write the image to the output stream
}
}
Image Counter Servlet in
Action
Using Sessions
What is a Session?

u A session is a state associated with particular


user that is maintained at the server side
u Sessions persist between the HTTP requests
u Sessions enable creating applications that
depend on individual user data. For example:
u Login / logout functionality
u Wizard pages
u Shopping carts
u Personalization services
u Maintaining state about the user’s preferences
Sessions in Servlets

u Servlets include a built-in Sessions API


u Sessions are maintained automatically, with
no additional coding
u The Web container associates an unique
HttpSession object to each different client
u Different clients have different session
objects at the server
u Requests from the same client have the
same session object
u Sessions can store various data
The Sessions API

u The sessions API allows


u To get the HttpSession object from the
HTTPServletRequest object
u Extract data from the user’s session object
u Append data to the user’s session object
u Extract meta-information about the session object, e.g.
when was the session created
Getting The Session Object

u To get the session object use the method


HttpSession session = request.getSession();
HttpServletRequest.getSession()
u Example:

u If the user already has a session, the


existing session is returned
u If no session still exists, a new one is created
and returned
u If you want to know if this is a new session,
call the isNew() method
Behind The Scenes

u When you call getSession() each user is


automatically assigned a unique Session ID
u How does this Session ID get to the user?
u Option 1: If the browser supports cookies,
the servlet will automatically create a
session cookie, and store the session ID
within the cookie
u In Tomcat, the cookie is called JSESSIONID
u Option 2: If the browser does not support
cookies, the servlet will try to extract the
session ID from the URL
Extracting Data From The
Session

u The session object works like a HashMap


uEnables storing any type of Java object
u Objects
Integer are stored
accessCount = by key (like in hash
tables) session.getAttribute("accessCount");
(Integer)
u Extracting existing object:

u Getting a list of all “keys” associated


Enumeration attributes =
with the session
request.getAttributeNames();
Storing Data In The Session

HttpSession session = request.getSession();


We can store data in the session
session.setAttribute("name", "Svetlin Nakov");
u
object for using it later

session.removeAttribute("name");
u Objects in the session can be
removed when not needed more
Getting Additional Session
Information
public String getId();
u Getting the unique session ID associated
with this user, e.g. gj9xswvw9p

public boolean isNew();


u Checking if the session was just created

u Checking
public when the session was first
long getCreationTime();
created

u Checking
public when the session was last active
long getLastAccessedTime();
Session Timeout

public int getMaxInactiveInterval();


u We can get the maximal session validity
interval
(in seconds)

u After such interval of inactivity the session is


automatically invalidated
u We void
public can modify the maximal inactivity
setMaxInactiveInterval interval
(int seconds);

u A negative value specifies that the session


should never time out
Terminating Sessions

public void invalidate();


u To terminate session manually use the method:

u Typically done during the "user logout"


u The session can become invalid not only manually
u Sessions can expire automatically due to inactivity
Login / Logout – Example

u We want to create a simple Web application


that restricts the access by login form
u We will use sessions to store information about
the authenticated users
u We will use the key "username"
u When it present, there is a logged in user
u During the login we will add the user name in the
session
u Logout will invalidate the session
u The main servlet will check the current user
Login Form
LoginForm.html
<html>
<head><title>Login</title></head>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="LoginServlet">
Please login:<br>
Username:
<input type="text" name="username"><br>
Password:
<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Login">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Login Servlet
LoginServlet.java
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,
HttpServletResponse resp)
throws IOException, ServletException {
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
if (isLoginValid(username, password)) {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.setAttribute("USER", username);
response.sendRedirect("MainServlet");
} else {
response.sendRedirect("InvalidLogin.html");
}
}
}
Main Servlet
MainServlet.java
public class MainServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
String userName = (String)
session.getAttribute("USER");
if (userName != null) {
response.setContentType("text/html");
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
out.println("<html><body><h1>");
out.println("Hello, " + userName + "! ");
out.println("</h1></body></html>");
} else {
response.sendRedirect("LoginForm.html");
}
}
}
Logout Servlet
LogoutServlet.java
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.invalidate();
response.setContentType("text/html");
ServletOutputStream out =
response.getOutputStream();
out.println("<html><head>");
out.println("<title>Logout</title></head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<h1>Logout successfull.</h1>");
out.println("</body></html>");
}
}
Invalid Login Page
InvalidLogin.html

<html>
<head>
<title>Error</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Invalid login!</h1>
Please <a href="LoginForm.html">try again</a>.
</body>
</html>
The Browser's Cache
Problems

u Most Web browsers use caching of the displayed


pages and images
u This can cause the user to see old state of the pages
u Seems like a bug in the application

u To prevent showing the old state we need to


disable the browser cache:

response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
1. Problems
Create a servlet that prints in a table the
numbers from 1 to 1000 and their square root.
2. Create a servlet that takes as parameters two
integer numbers and calculates their sum.
Create a HTML form that invokes the servlet. Try
to use GET and POST methods.
3. Implement a servlet that plays the "Number
guess game". When the client first invoke the
servlet it generates a random number in the
range [1..100]. The user is asked to guess this
number. At each guess the servlet says only
"greater" or "smaller". The game ends when the
user tell the number.
1. Homework
Create a servlet that takes as a parameter a
number and displays it as image that is hard to
be recognized by OCR software. The image
should have intentionally inserted defects.
2. Create an HTML form and a servlet for
performing conversions of distances from one
metric to another. The metrics that should be
supported are: meter, centimeter, kilometer,
foot, inch, yard, mile.
1 cm = 0.01 meters 1 km = 1000 meters
1 foot = 0.3048 meters 1 inch = 0.0254 meters
1 yard = 0.9144 meters 1 mile = 1609.344 meters
3. Homework
Create (2) of HTML forms and servlets
a sequence
that allow entering information about a student.
The information is entered in 3 steps in 3 separate
forms:
Step 1: First name, last name, age
Step 2: Address (country, town, street)
Step 3: University, faculty, specialty
The data entered in the 3 steps should be stored
in the session and finally displayed.
4. Create a servlet that reads an image (from WEB-
INF\img\logo.gif) and returns it.

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