Guidelines and Testing For Optimal Routing - Service Definition (Stage 1 Testing) 07 April 2005

GSM Association Non-confidential
Official Document IR.37 - Guidelines and Testing for Optimal Routing - Service definition (Stage 1
Testing)
Guidelines and Testing for Optimal Routing - Service

definition (Stage 1 Testing)
Version 3.0.0
07 April 2005
This is a Binding Permanent Reference Document of the GSMA
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Table of Contents
Introduction 4
1.1. Scope of document 4
1.2. Definitions and Abbreviations 4
1.2.1 Definitions 4
1.2.2 Abbreviations 5
1.3 Description of Optimal Routing 6
1.3.1 Objective of Tests 6
1.4 Functional requirements 7
1.4.1 General 7
1.4.2 Normal operation 7
1.5. Strategy for Testing 8
1.6 References 8
1.7 Document History 9
2. Architecture 9
2.1 Optimal routing for basic mobile-to-mobile calls 9
2.2 Optimal routing for conditional call forwarding 11
2.2.1 Early call forwarding 13
2.2.2 Late call forwarding 13
3. Test Cases 13
4 Call scenarios handled in OR phase 1 15
4.1 A is a fixed subscriber who may not benefit from OR 16
4.1.1 late call forwarding. C is in the same country as VPLMN 16
4.2 A is a mobile subscriber who may benefit from OR 17
4.2.1 The call from the A subscriber to the B subscriber is completed (Basic OR).
B is located in the same country as A 18
4.3 The call set up by the subscriber A is being forwarded to a C party. Early Call
Forward 19
4.3.1 Early Call Forward. The C party is in the same country as the A subscriber 20
4.4 The call set up by the subscriber A is being forwarded to a C party. Late Call
Forward 21
4.4.1 Late Call Forward. B and C are in the same country as A 21
5. Exceptional procedures or unsuccessful outcome 22
5.1 Non-support of SOR in the VPLMN of the caller 22
5.2 Non-support of SOR in the HPLMN of the B subscriber 22
5.3 Calls to special mobile network numbers 22
6. Interactions of Optimal Routing with Supplementary Services 22
6.1 Call Forwarding 22
6.2 Call Barring 23
6.3 Call Transfer 23
6.4 Call Deflection 23
6.5 Advice of Charge 23
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7. Interactions of Optimal Routing with Operator Determined Barring (ODB) 23

8. Interactions of Optimal Routing with CAMEL 23
9. Pre-Testing Data Exchange 24
Appendix A 25
A.1 Network Operator Information 25
A.2 Toll Ticket Configuration 27
A.3 Call scenarios handled in OR phase 1 29
A.3.1.1 late call forwarding. C is in the same country as VPLMN 29
A.3.2 A is a mobile subscriber who may benefit from OR 31
3.2.1 The call from the A subscriber to the B subscriber is completed (Basic OR).
B is located in the same country as A 31
A.3.3 The call set up by the subscriber A is being forwarded to a C party. Early
Call Forward 33
A.3.3.1 Early Call Forward. The C party is in the same country as the A
subscriber 33
A.3.4 The call set up by the subscriber A is being forwarded to a C party. Late
Call Forward 35
A.3.4.1 Late Call Forward. B and C are in the same country as A 35
Appendix B 37
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Introduction
1.1. Scope of document

This document is the specification of MoU-IREG End-to-end Functional Capability
tests relating to the international roaming of a Mobile Station, belonging to a home
PLMN (a), to and within a visited PLMN (b) in case of Support of Optimal Routing
(SOR).
The tests specified here do not replace the End-to-end Functionality Capability
[IREG PRDIR24], because not all PLMNs will support OR. This document represents
rather an extention of the IR.24 tests. The tests should be done after successful
Stage4 testing.
Whilst it is expected that roaming will be a bilateral activity between two PLMNs,
please note that this document is written in an unidirectional context. Hence
Roaming is taking place by a MS (a) to VPLMN (b) only. There is no reference to a
Mobile Station MS (b) visiting PLMN (a).
To complete MoU-IREG End-to-end Functional Capability tests for bilateral roaming,

it is necessary to perform the tests in this document twice: the second time the real
identities of PLMN (a) and PLMN (b) are swapped.
This document does not cover:

- SCCP testing [IREG PRD IR25]
- Exchange of PLMN numbering, addressing and routing data [IREG PRD IR23]
- testing of Transferred Account Procedure, billing applications and any inter-PLMN
financial statement; [TADIG PRD TD06]. However the production of a Toll Ticketing
file, for use in the MoU-TADIG Stage 3 testing is included.
- definition of operation and maintenance procedures such as contact points for fault
reporting and notification of planned works. [IREG PRD IR23]
- IR24 International Roaming testing [IREG PRD IR24]
- IR32 CAMEL International Roaming testing [IREG PRD IR32]CAMEL
The Scope of this issue of the document extends to SOR Stage1.
1.2. Definitions and Abbreviations
1.2.1 Definitions
A subscriber: The calling subscriber, who may be fixed or mobile.
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B subscriber: The mobile subscriber originally called by the A subscriber.

C subscriber: The subscriber to whom the B subscriber has requested that
calls be forwarded. The C subscriber may be fixed or mobile.
Direct route: A call takes the direct route if the route from the serving PLMN
of the A subscriber to the serving PLMN of the B subscriber is defined by the
MSRN of the B subscriber rather than by the MSISDN of the B subscriber.
Early Call Forwarding : Early Call Forwarding is Call Forwarding performed
from the IPLMN before the call has been extended to the VPLMN of the
forwarding subscriber (i.e. Call Forwarding Unconditional and Conditional Call
Forwarding on Not Reachable known at the IPLMN before extension of the
call)
HPLMN leg: The portion of the HPLMN route from the serving MSC of the A
subscriber to an MSC in the HPLMN of the B subscriber.
HPLMN route: A call takes the HPLMN route if the route from the serving
MSC of the A subscriber to the serving MSC of the B subscriber is defined by
the MSISDN of the called subscriber. This forces the call to be routed via the
HPLMN of the B subscriber.
Interrogating PLMN (IPLMN): The PLMN which interrogates the HPLMN of
the B subscriber to obtain information to route the call to that subscriber or to
the forwarded-to destination defined by the called mobile subscriber. The
IPLMN is also the VPLMN of the A subscriber.
Late Call Forwarding: Late Call Forwarding is Call Forwarding performed
after the call has been extended to the VPLMN of the forwarding subscriber
(i.e. Conditional Call Forwarding on Busy, Conditional Call Forwarding on No
Reply and Conditional Call Forwarding on Not Reachable detected in the
VPLMN of the forwarding subscriber). Late Call Forwarding may be invoked in
the IPLMN or in the VPLMN of the forwarding subscriber.
Reference address: The address which defines the maximum charge which
the A party is prepared to pay for the call leg which he originates.
Routing address: The address which the GMSC uses to route a call towards
the B subscriber or the C subscriber.
1.2.2 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used:
FTN Forwarded-To Number

GMSCA The GMSC in the IPLMN, which may also be VMSCA
GMSCB The GMSC in HPLMNB
GMSCC The GMSC in HPLMNC
HLRB The HLR of the B subscriber
HLRC The HLR of the C subscriber
HPLMNB The HPLMN of the B subscriber
HPLMNC The HPLMN of the C subscriber
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IAM Initial Address Message

IPLMN Interrogating PLMN
ORLCF Optimal Routing for Late Call Forwarding
PRN Provide Roaming Number
PSI Provide Subscriber Information
RCH Resume Call Handling
SIFIC Send Information For Incoming Call
SIFOC Send Information For Outgoing Call
SRI(B) Send Routing Information (Basic call)
SRI(F) Send Routing Information (Forwarding information)
VLRA The VLR of the A subscriber
VLRB The VLR of the B subscriber
VMSCA The VMSC of the A subscriber
VMSCB The VMSC of the B subscriber
1.3 Description of Optimal Routing

Support of Optimal Routing (SOR) is a network feature which enables the calls
directed to a mobile subscriber to be routed directly to the mobile subscriber's actual
location, or to her forwarded-to destination (instead of via the HPLMN or in the case
of Late Call Forwarding via the VPLMN).
The IPLMN handling the call shall decide whether or not to optimize the routing of
the call taking into account information provided by the called mobile subscriber's
HPLMN. For given subscribers, as a network option, the HPLMN may permit or
deny OR on a per call basis.
1.3.1 Objective of Tests

The fundamental objective of this testing is to confirm the capability of SOR
services which GSM users will receive when roaming from their Home PLMN
(a) to VPLMN (b). Consequently the tests are restricted to top-level capability
testing.
Because the testing is at a top-level, its scope includes checking the correct
working of SOR features
The overall objective of the tests is to confirm that the SOR functions and
features, which are already known to operate correctly within each separate
PLMN, will also operate correctly for Inter-PLMN roaming.
This standard specifies the technical realization of the first phase of the
network feature Support of Optimal Routing (SOR). The first phase of SOR
provides:
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- as a network operator option, a method to route a call from one mobile

subscriber directly to another mobile subscriber who is in the same country
as the calling mobile subscriber or in the called mobile subscriber’s home
country, without needing to connect the call via the HPLMN of the called
subscriber, even though the called mobile subscriber has roamed outside
his HPLMN;
- a method to forward calls when a called mobile subscriber who has
roamed outside his home country is busy, or is not reachable, or does not
reply, to a forwarded-to destination in the HPLMN country of the called
subscriber or the VPLMN country of the called subscriber, without needing
to connect the forwarded call via the VPLMN of the called subscriber;
- a method to combine the optimal routing described in the first bullet point
above with the optimal routing described in the second bullet point above.
OR of a call is permitted only if all entities involved in handling the call support
OR.
Other cases of optimal routing (e.g. calls where the calling and called
subscribers are in different countries, forwarding to a mobile subscriber or
multiple forwarding) will be considered for inclusion in later phases.
1.4 Functional requirements
1.4.1 General
SOR shall be provided for all circuit switched Telecommunication Services,
except emergency calls, Dedicated PAD and Dedicated Packet Access
(GPRS is for further study).
The network feature shall be applied automatically for all calls except for
those calls for which the HPLMN of the called party denies the optimal
routing.
1.4.2 Normal operation

In the first phase of SOR, the routes of calls will be optimized for the cases of
OR being performed within a country or towards the country where the call
would have been routed normally.
Under all other circumstances, the GSM basic call routeing is applied:
- If the HPLMN detects that SOR cannot be applied (e.g. calls to the specified
subscriber are not allowed to be optimally routed), HPLMN sends an SRI_Ack
negative response to the IPLMN and IPLMN routes the call according to the
dialled number
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- If the IPLMN detects that basic OR cannot be applied, the IPLMN routes the call
according to the dialled number.
- If the IPLMN detects that OR for Late Call Forwarding cannot be applied, the
Call Forwarding will be performed in the VPLMN of the forwarding subscriber.
If the serving network of the ultimate destination supports SOR, the serving
network of the caller shall be able to indicate to the network visited by the
ultimate destination that the call has been optimally routed and to indicate the
originating PLMN of the optimally routed leg.
The complete set of scenarios included in phase 1 of SOR is described below.
If one of those scenarios occurs, SOR shall be invoked.

The assumptions taken are the following :
- A subscriber A sets up a call to a mobile subscriber B, who may have forwarded

her calls to a subscriber C.
- The C subscriber may be either a fixed subscriber or a mobile subscriber.
1.5. Strategy for Testing

In order to maximize the efficiency of testing, the test cases have been drawn up so
as to minimize the requirement for simultaneous joint activity by both PLMN (a) and
PLMN (b).
Accordingly, the program of testing forms three distinct components.
(i) HPLMN (a) issues SIMs appropriately configured in the HLR
(ii) PLMN (b) performs tests
(iii) PLMN (b) and HPLMN (a) discuss results
1.6 References
[1] GSM 01.04 (ETR 350): "Digital cellular telecommunications system
(Phase 2+); Abbreviations and acronyms".
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[2] GSM 02.79: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Support
of Optimal Routing (SOR); Service definition (Stage 1)".
[3] GSM 02.82: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Call
Forwarding (CF) Supplementary Services - Stage 1".
[4] GSM 03.03 (ETS 300 927): "Digital cellular telecommunications system
(Phase 2+); Numbering, addressing and identification".
[5] GSM 03.04: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);
Signaling requirements relating to routing of calls to mobile subscribers".
[6] GSM 03.18 (TS 101 043): "Digital cellular telecommunications system
(phase 2+); Basic call handling; Technical realization”.
[7] GSM 03.78 (TS 101 044): "Digital cellular telecommunications system
(phase 2+); Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) -
Stage 2”.
[8] GSM 03.85: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Closed
User Group (CUG) supplementary services - Stage 2".
1.7 Document History
Version 1.0.0: For ORWP group discussion March 2000.
It is anticipated that further updated issues will be made in response to MoU-IREG

comments and following experience of testing.
It is anticipated that further Issues will be needed to extend the testing beyond OR
Stage 1.
2. Architecture
2.1 Optimal routing for basic mobile-to-mobile calls

It is a network operator option whether to implement optimal routing for basic mobile-
to-mobile calls.
The existing GSM architecture supports the primary technical requirement of optimal
routing for mobile-to-mobile calls (basic OR): that a GMSC can interrogate an HLR in
a different PLMN to obtain routing information for a mobile terminated call (see
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GSM 03.04 [5]). Three logically distinct PLMNs are involved in the handling of an
optimally routed mobile-to-mobile call:
- the IPLMN, which is also the VPLMN of the calling mobile subscriber;
- the HPLMN of the called mobile subscriber (HPLMNB);
- the VPLMN of the called mobile subscriber (VPLMNB).
Any two or all three of these PLMNs may be identical; in figure 1 they are shown as
distinct.
Figure 1 shows the communication between the IPLMN, HPLMNB and VPLMNB for
an optimally routed mobile-to-mobile call.
IAM
IPLMN (ISUP)
IAM GMSCA VMSCB
(ISUP)
VMSCA VLRB VPLMNB
Send Routeing Provide Roaming

Info/ack Number/ack
HLRB
HPLMNB
Figure 1: Architecture for optimal routing of basic mobile-to-mobile call

In figure 1 and throughout this specification, the term ISUP is used to denote the
telephony signalling system used between exchanges. In a given network, any
telephony signalling system may be used; the only additional requirement is that
GMSCA must be able to signal to VMSCA the destination address which it has used
to route the call.
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If the VMSC of the calling mobile subscriber (VMSCA) is distinct from the GMSC, it
constructs an ISUP Initial Address Message (IAM) using the MSISDN of the called
subscriber and sends it to the GMSC. If the GMSC, which may be distinct from the
VMSC of the calling mobile subscriber but is in the VPLMN of the calling mobile
subscriber, is in a different PLMN from HLRB, it requests routing information from
HLRB using the MAP protocol. If HLRB determines that the call can be routed
directly from the GMSC to VMSCB without contravening the charging requirements
for optimal routing, it requests a roaming number from VLRB using the MAP
protocol, and VLRB returns a roaming number in the Provide Roaming Number ack.
HLRB returns the roaming number to the GMSC in the Send Routing Info ack. The
GMSC uses the roaming number to construct an ISUP IAM, which it sends to
VMSCB. The call is then handled according to the existing GSM procedures, except
that if the call is answered GMSCA inserts in the ISUP Answer message the
destination address which it used to route the call, to allow VMSCA to generate the
correct charging record.
NOTE: If the GMSC returns an ISUP Answer message before it has received an
Answer message from the final destination (e.g. because of an interaction with a
Specialized Resource Function) an incorrect destination address (or no destination
address) can be sent to VMSCA, even though the call is eventually optimally routed.
2.2 Optimal routing for conditional call forwarding

Some cases of call forwarding on mobile subscriber not reachable (CFNRc) are
handled in the IPLMN, without the call being extended to the VPLMN of the
forwarding subscriber. For these cases, referred to in this specification as Early Call
forwarding, the forwarding is already optimally routed.
When a call has been extended from the GMSC to VMSCB, the current GSM
procedures lead to any conditional call forwarding being routed from VMSCB to the
forwarded-to destination; this is referred to in this specification as late call
forwarding. Optimal routeing for late call forwarding (ORLCF) allows VMSCB to
return control of the call to the GMSC, which can then route the call to the forwarded-
to destination.
Figure 2 shows the architecture for ORLCF. Phase 1 of SOR does not include
optimal routeing of forwarding to a mobile subscriber, so optimal routeing of the
forwarding leg is not considered.
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IAM (ISUP)
IPLMN VPLMNB
Resume Call Handling/ack
(MAP)
GMSC VMSCB
Release (ISUP)
Send Forwarding Info/ack

IAM (ISUP) (MAP)
Forwarded-to
LE HLRB
Forwarded-to Network HPLMNB
Figure 2: Architecture for optimal routeing of late call forwarding
After the call has been extended from the GMSC to VMSCB, if the VMSC/VLR
determines that the call should be forwarded it requests the GMSC to resume call
handling. The GMSC uses the forwarding information received in the request to
resume call handling, or interrogates HLRB for forwarding information, depending on
the indication received from the HLR with the roaming number. If the GMSC
determines that the call can be routed directly to the forwarded-to destination without
contravening the charging requirements for optimal routeing, it acknowledges the
request, clears the traffic connection to VMSCB and sends an ISUP IAM to the
forwarded-to local exchange.
Two cases of conditional call forwarding are described in this clause:
- Early call forwarding to a fixed destination;

- Late call forwarding to a fixed destination;
For phase 1 of SOR, no attempt is made to route a call directly from the GMSC to a
forwarded-to mobile subscriber; if the forwarded-to subscriber is mobile, the call is
routed from the GMSC to a GMSC in the HPLMN of the forwarded-to subscriber.
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2.2.1 Early call forwarding

Early call forwarding is defined as call forwarding from the IPLMN before the
call has been extended to the VPLMN of the forwarding subscriber. CFU and
CFNRc when the forwarding mobile subscriber is IMSI detached are
examples of early call forwarding. Early call forwarding is effectively optimally
routed, because the call takes the most direct route possible from the IPLMN
to the forwarded-to destination.
2.2.2 Late call forwarding

Late call forwarding is defined as call forwarding after the call has been
extended to the VPLMN of the forwarding subscriber. CFB, CFNRc on no
response to paging and CFNRy are examples of late call forwarding. In the
absence of OR, late call forwarding occurs in the VPLMN of the forwarding
party; if OR applies, late call forwarding occurs in the IPLMN.
3. Test Cases
This Stage 1 description of the first phase of Support of Optimal Routing (SOR):
- compiles the basic service requirements for SOR;
- describes the interactions for Supplementary Services (SS) in order to cater for
SOR;
- refers to modifications to network features required by SOR.
This specification does not address the following:

- There is no need for optimization of the routing of calls originally directed to a
fixed network subscriber, because the physical address of a fixed network
terminating line cannot differ from its logical address.
- SOR in non-GSM mobile networks is not a subject of this PRD, but might be
possible by bilateral arrangement between GSM network operators and those
non-GSM mobile network operators.
The purpose of SOR is to reduce the number of unnecessary inter-PLMN call legs.
The first phase of SOR applies to :

- OR performed within a country (i.e. Mobile to mobile calls where both mobile
subscribers are located in the same country);
- OR performed towards the country where the call would have normally been
routed without OR (e.g. Conditional Call Forwarding towards the Home Country
of the called party).
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The complete set of scenarios included in the phase 1 of OR is presented in the

paragraph for normal procedures. All other scenarios are excluded from Phase 1 of
OR.
The description of the test cases are built up as detailed below:

- Title
- Short textual text overview
- Informative message flow (message flows are not claimed to be complete)
- Textual description of preconditions, actions, results and comments
The test configuration is shown in Figure 3 below. It is anticipated that it may be

necessary to monitor both signalling messages and voice calls on any of the
Network Entity interfaces shown in the diagram. However this is not a firm
requirement for this test specification.
The results of the test cases shall be recorded in Appendix A.
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Country (a) Country (b)
PLMN(a) PLMN(b)
HLR
VLR/ RSS
VMSC M
GMSC M M
M
MS MS2
1
M
SIM(a) SIM(a)
PSTN(a) PSTN(b)
Telephone b 1 Telephone b 2
Telephone a
Key
M = Monitor
Figure 3 Test case Configuration
To provide valid toll ticketing recording, then both the clock used to note call start
and finish times for the test result sheets, and the internal VMSC clock must be
checked against each other and set to an accuracy of better than five seconds. Note
the VMSC clock must only be altered in conjunction with local operating rules and
procedures because all Toll Tickets will be affected by any alteration.
4 Call scenarios handled in OR phase 1

Note2.Verification of the correct results of OR Functionality could be done in 2 ways:
monitoring the Signalling links (MAP and TUP-ISUP) with Protocol Analyzer
i.verifying the correct message flows
ii. verifying the correct production of CDRs from the GMSC
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4.1 A is a fixed subscriber who may not benefit from OR

As the originating network does not have the ability to interrogate the HPLMN of the
B subscriber, the normal GSM call handling is applied.
Once the HPLMN of the B subscriber has the control of the call, the call may be
optimised in the case of a forwarded call towards a party located in the VPLMN
4.1.1 late call forwarding. C is in the same country as VPLMN
A
HPLMN-
IPLMN
VPLMN-
Call record:
Call C
forwarding
record
OR flag
Scenario 1: OR for Late Call Forwarding, C is in the same country as VPLMN
Preconditions: A is a fixed subscriber PSTN telephone(b1).

C is a fixed subscriber PSTN telephone(b2)
MS1(a) has location updated successfully in VPLMN(b). HLR
entry for MS1(a) contains SS : CFNRy : Active : Forwarded-to-
address is PSTN telephone (b2). [Set by MS]
Action: Attempt a call from PSTN telephone(a1) to MS1(a)

Answer resultant call to PSTN(b2),
Result: Successful result if indicate the call is directly routed to C-

subscriber
Comments: This test case confirms that the call has been optimally routed
between HPLMN(a).and VPLMN(b).
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4.2 A is a mobile subscriber who may benefit from OR

If A sets up a call to B, then the originating PLMN shall interrogate the HPLMN of the
mobile subscriber B in order to know how to route the call.
If B is registered in the same country as A, then the call shall be routed directly to B
as described below.
If B has activated a Call Forward to a destination located in the Home Country of B

or in the country where A is registered and this leads to the invocation of Early Call
Forwarding, then the call shall be routed directly from A to the forwarded-to-party.
In any other cases, the call shall be routed to the mobile subscriber B via HPLMN(B).
If the call cannot be completed, the originating PLMN shall receive an indication of
the reason of the failure of the call completion.
Thereafter, if the mobile subscriber B has activated a Conditional Call Forward to a

destination located in her Home Country or to a destination in the country where A is
registered and this leads to the invocation of Late Call Forwarding, then the
originating PLMN shall route the call directly to the forwarded-to-party.
The remaining leg of the call from the intermediate point to the ultimate destination
may be optimally routed.
In the following scenarios, the IPLMN is VPLMN-A.
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4.2.1 The call from the A subscriber to the B subscriber is completed (Basic
OR). B is located in the same country as A
HPLMN
3
4
IPLMN
2
5
VPLMN
1 VPLMN-
A
6
Call record:
MO record B
(Dialled nmb,
Call record:
real destination,
MT record
OR flag)
(OR flag)
Scenario 2: BASIC OR, B in the same country as A
Preconditions: A is a mobile subscriber MS1(a)

B is a mobile subscriber MS2(a)
MS1(a) and MS2(a) have location updated successfully in
VPLMN(b).
Action: Attempt a call from MS1(a) to MS2(a)

Answer resultant call to MS2(a)
Result: Successful result if indicate the call is completed to MS2(a) and

correctly routed
Comments: This test case confirms that the call has been optimally routed between
HPLMN(a).and VPLMN(b).
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4.3 The call set up by the subscriber A is being forwarded to a C party. Early
Call Forward
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4.3.1 Early Call Forward. The C party is in the same country as the A
subscriber
Country X Country Y
HPLMN-B
3
4
IPLMN
2
5
VPLMN-A
C
1
A
Call record: Call record:

MO record Call forwarding
(Dialled nmb, record
real destination, (OR flag)
OR flag)
Scenario 3: Early CF, C in the same country as A

VPLMN(b).
HLR entry for MS2(a) contains SS : CFU: Active : Forwarded-to-
address is PSTN telephone (b1). [Set by MS]

Result: Successful result if indicate the call is completed to PSTN(b 1)

and correctly routed to C subscriber
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4.4 The call set up by the subscriber A is being forwarded to a C party. Late
Call Forward
4.4.1 Late Call Forward. B and C are in the same country as A
Country X Country Y
Call record:
Call forwarding
record HPLMN-
3
(OR flag)
4
IPLMN
2
5
VPLMN
6
1 VPLMN
A
C
Call record:
MO record
(Dialled nmb,
real destination,
OR flag)
Scenario 4: BASIC OR + OR for Late Call Forwarding, B in the same country as A, C in the
same country as A

VPLMN(b).
HLR entry for MS2(a) contains SS : CFNRy: Active : Forwarded-
to-address is PSTN telephone (b1). [Set by MS]

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Result: Successful result if indicate the call is completed to PSTN(b1),

and correctly routed to C subscriber
5. Exceptional procedures or unsuccessful outcome
5.1 Non-support of SOR in the VPLMN of the caller

If subscriber A roams into a network not supporting OR, she may not benefit from
OR and only scenario 1 and scenario 2 of SOR are supported.
5.2 Non-support of SOR in the HPLMN of the B subscriber

If the HPLMN of the called party does not support SOR, SOR cannot be invoked and
the route of the call as far as the called party’s VPLMN cannot be optimised (the call
would normally be routed via the HPLMN of the called party).
The same procedure shall be followed if the HPLMN operator denies OR on a

subscriber basis.
5.3 Calls to special mobile network numbers

If the called number is a special mobile network number of the HPLMN, the HPLMN
has to guarantee that the call terminates at its correct destination. This can be
achieved by denying OR for this call by sending an appropriate error cause or by
implementing a special handling.
6. Interactions of Optimal Routing with Supplementary Services

No Interaction unless it is stated differently below.
6.1 Call Forwarding

Interactions between SOR and Call Forwarding are dealt with 3G 22.079 and 3G
23.079
V3.0.0 Page 22 of 38
Testing)
6.2 Call Barring

Outgoing Call Barring services are applied according to the dialled number.
Barring of Incoming calls when Roaming outside the HPLMN country will prevent
calls to a mobile subscriber who has roamed outside her HPLMN country even if OR
would result in no chargeable roaming leg.
The existing interactions between Call Forwardings and Call Barrings are not
changed by the introduction of OR.
6.3 Call Transfer

A transferred call is considered as a set of two separate calls which may be
separetely optimally routed.
Optimal Routing shall not be invoked as a result of the invocation of Call Transfer.
6.4 Call Deflection

A deflected call is considered as a late forwarded call and as such may be optimally
routed.
6.5 Advice of Charge

Depending on call scenarios, AoC may not work properly.
7. Interactions of Optimal Routing with Operator Determined

Barring (ODB)
The principles for the interaction between operator determined barring and SOR are
the same as those for the interaction between Supplementary Service Call Barring
and SOR.
8. Interactions of Optimal Routing with CAMEL

If CAMEL has to be applied to the Mobile Originating part of the call and if CAMEL
modifies the destination of the call, the OR applies to any destination introduced by
CAMEL.
V3.0.0 Page 23 of 38
Testing)
If CAMEL has to be applied to the Mobile Terminating part of the call or a forwarding
leg, the modified destination is treated for optimal routeing in the same way as a
forwarded-to number.
If Barring services are also applicable to the call then they have to be handled first
together with CAMEL before SOR is applied.
9. Pre-Testing Data Exchange

All the Pre-Testing data defined in IR24 and IR21 are applicable for OR testing
In particular attention has to be done about:
 MSC/VLR and HLR E164 addresses.

 MSRN number ranges.
 International Signalling Point Codes (if applicable)
END OF SPECIFICATION
V3.0.0 Page 24 of 38
Testing)
Appendix A
MoU-IREG Stage 4 Test Results for Mobile Stations of PLMN(a)

Roaming to PLMN(b)
A.1 Network Operator Information
HPLMN (a) ...…...............................................................................................
VPLMN (b) ….................................................................................................
Date of Tests …................................................................................................
Testing personnel PLMN(a) ..........................................................................

Tel/Fax: …………………………………………………
Testing personnel PLMN(b) ............................................................................

Tel/Fax: …………………………………………………
HLR Identity/Identities ...................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
HLR Manufacturer(s) ......................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
HLR Software Build Level(s) .........................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
GMSC Identity/Identities ................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
V3.0.0 Page 25 of 38
Testing)
GMSC Manufacturer(s) .................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
GMSC Software Build Level(s) .......................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
VMSC Identity/Identities ................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
VMSC Manufacturer(s) ...................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
VMSC Software Build Level(s) .......................................................................
Comments
V3.0.0 Page 26 of 38
Testing)
A.2 Toll Ticket Configuration
Call Toll Ticketing in use at VMSC? [Yes/No] ...........
Supplementary Service activity Toll Ticketing in use at VMSC ?

[Yes/No] ............
Toll Ticketing in use at GMSC for Roaming call legs ? [Yes/No] .............
Will VMSC Toll Ticket file be transfered to VPLMN Computing Centre ?

[Yes/No] .............
Will VMSC Toll Ticket file be transfered to the HPLMN from VPLMN ?
[Yes/ No] ............
Method of transfer of TollTicket File to HPLMN

[via TADIG mechanism/other] ...............
Comments
V3.0.0 Page 27 of 38
Testing)
Notes:
1. If Toll Ticketing is not in use then the line items marked with an asterisk (*) may be
omitted from these Test Result Sheets.
2. If Supplementary Service activity Toll Ticketing is not in use there is no need to
write the time at the lines marked with a plus (+).
V3.0.0 Page 28 of 38
Testing)
A.3 Call scenarios handled in OR phase 1
The numbering of the test result sections within this appendix is identical to the
associated Test case from section 2 of the main document.
A.3.1.1 late call forwarding. C is in the same country as VPLMN
(a) MSISDN of MS(a1) .........................................................................
(b) DN of calling PSTN telephone(b1) …..............................................
(c) DN of forwarded - to - PSTN telephone(b2) ..…….......................
(d) Time of start of call ........hrs......mins....secs
(e) Delay between dialling last digit of MSISDN of MS(a1) at PSTN telephone(b1)
and PSTN telephone(b2) ringing. ...........secs
(f) Length of time for which MS(a1) "rings" ...................secs
*(g) Time of perceived answer of call ..............hrs............mins...........secs
*(h) Chargeable Call Duration (i.e. perceived answer until end of call)
….. secs
(i) Was an announcement that call was being forwarded ?

Yes/No]..............
(j) Comments
V3.0.0 Page 29 of 38
Testing)
(k) Testcase Result [Pass/Fail/Not performed] .........................................
Signature of Tester...................................................... Date .....................
V3.0.0 Page 30 of 38
Testing)
A.3.2 A is a mobile subscriber who may benefit from OR
3.2.1 The call from the A subscriber to the B subscriber is completed (Basic
OR). B is located in the same country as A
(a) MSISDN of MS(a1) .........................................................................
(b) MSISDN of MS(a2) .........................................................................
(c) Number keyed into MS1(a) ................................................................
(d) Time of start of call (i.e. SEND key operation)........hrs .....mins ....secs
(e) Delay between SEND key operation at MS1(a) and MS2(a) alerting
……. secs
*(f) Time of perceived answer of call .................. hrs ........ .mins ....... secs
….. secs
(i) Comments
(j) Testcase Result [Pass/Fail/Not performed] .........................................
V3.0.0 Page 31 of 38
Testing)
V3.0.0 Page 32 of 38
Testing)
A.3.3 The call set up by the subscriber A is being forwarded to a C party. Early
Call Forward
A.3.3.1 Early Call Forward. The C party is in the same country as the A
subscriber
(a) MSISDN of MS(a1) .........................................................................
(b) MSISDN of MS(a2) .........................................................................
(e) Delay between dialling last digit of MSISDN of MS(a 2) at MS(a1) and PSTN
telephone(b1) ringing. ...........secs
….. secs

Yes/No]..............
(j) Comments
V3.0.0 Page 33 of 38
Testing)
V3.0.0 Page 34 of 38
Testing)
A.3.4 The call set up by the subscriber A is being forwarded to a C party. Late
Call Forward
A.3.4.1 Late Call Forward. B and C are in the same country as A
(a) MSISDN of MS(a1) .........................................................................
(b) MSISDN of MS(a2) .........................................................................
(e) Delay between dialling last digit of MSISDN of MS(a 2) at MS(a1) and PSTN
telephone(b1) ringing. ...........secs
….. secs

Yes/No]..............
(j) Comments
V3.0.0 Page 35 of 38
Testing)
End of Appendix A
V3.0.0 Page 36 of 38
Testing)
Appendix B
Completion Certificate for MoU-IREG Stage 4 Testing for Inter-PLMN Roaming
This certificate confirms the successful completion of MoU-IREG OR Stage 1 Tests

for Mobile
Subscribers of.................................PLMN visiting.......................PLMN.
The Services tested were:-
B. 3.1 A is a fixed subscriber who may not benefit from OR

[Pass / Fail / Not applicable]....................
B.3.2 A is a mobile subscriber who may benefit from OR

B.3.3 The call set up by the subscriber A is being forwarded to a C party. Early Call
Forward
B.3.4 The call set up by the subscriber A is being forwarded to a C party. Late Call
Forward
Other comments...........................................................................................................
Toll Ticket file is being forwarded from ...............…… PLMN to .....................PLMN
via MOU TADIG procedures.

(Delete if not applicable)
The tests were completed on....................(date).
V3.0.0 Page 37 of 38
Testing)
The testing team in PLMN.................................
were:.................................................................................................................
The testing team in PLMN.................................
were:.................................................................................................................
Signed...................................................................... Date...........................................
of PLMN.....................
Signed...................................................................... Date...........................................
of PLMN.....................
End Of Appendix B
V3.0.0 Page 38 of 38

Guidelines and Testing For Optimal Routing - Service Definition (Stage 1 Testing) 07 April 2005

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GSM Association Non-confidential

Guidelines and Testing for Optimal Routing - Service

This is a Binding Permanent Reference Document of the GSMA

Security Classification: Non-confidential

7. Interactions of Optimal Routing with Operator Determined Barring (ODB) 23

1.1. Scope of document

To complete MoU-IREG End-to-end Functional Capability tests for bilateral roaming,

This document does not cover:

The Scope of this issue of the document extends to SOR Stage1.

1.2. Definitions and Abbreviations

B subscriber: The mobile subscriber originally called by the A subscriber.

FTN Forwarded-To Number

IAM Initial Address Message

1.3 Description of Optimal Routing

1.3.1 Objective of Tests

- as a network operator option, a method to route a call from one mobile

1.4 Functional requirements

1.4.2 Normal operation

If one of those scenarios occurs, SOR shall be invoked.

- A subscriber A sets up a call to a mobile subscriber B, who may have forwarded

1.5. Strategy for Testing

Accordingly, the program of testing forms three distinct components.

(i) HPLMN (a) issues SIMs appropriately configured in the HLR

(ii) PLMN (b) performs tests

(iii) PLMN (b) and HPLMN (a) discuss results

1.7 Document History

Version 1.0.0: For ORWP group discussion March 2000.

It is anticipated that further updated issues will be made in response to MoU-IREG

2.1 Optimal routing for basic mobile-to-mobile calls

VMSCA VLRB VPLMNB

Send Routeing Provide Roaming

Figure 1: Architecture for optimal routing of basic mobile-to-mobile call

2.2 Optimal routing for conditional call forwarding

Send Forwarding Info/ack

Forwarded-to Network HPLMNB

Figure 2: Architecture for optimal routeing of late call forwarding

Two cases of conditional call forwarding are described in this clause:

- Early call forwarding to a fixed destination;

2.2.1 Early call forwarding

2.2.2 Late call forwarding

This specification does not address the following:

The first phase of SOR applies to :

The complete set of scenarios included in the phase 1 of OR is presented in the

The description of the test cases are built up as detailed below:

The test configuration is shown in Figure 3 below. It is anticipated that it may be

The results of the test cases shall be recorded in Appendix A.

Country (a) Country (b)

4 Call scenarios handled in OR phase 1

4.1 A is a fixed subscriber who may not benefit from OR

4.1.1 late call forwarding. C is in the same country as VPLMN

Scenario 1: OR for Late Call Forwarding, C is in the same country as VPLMN

Preconditions: A is a fixed subscriber PSTN telephone(b1).

Action: Attempt a call from PSTN telephone(a1) to MS1(a)

Result: Successful result if indicate the call is directly routed to C-

4.2 A is a mobile subscriber who may benefit from OR

If B has activated a Call Forward to a destination located in the Home Country of B

Thereafter, if the mobile subscriber B has activated a Conditional Call Forward to a

In the following scenarios, the IPLMN is VPLMN-A.

Scenario 2: BASIC OR, B in the same country as A