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Day 1: Introduction To OOP and Java

This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts in Java, including classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It also covers basic Java programming concepts like main methods, variables, data types, operators, and decision-making statements like if/else and switch statements. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to read input, perform operations, and print output in Java programs.

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Anugrah Vishwas Paul
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53 views

Day 1: Introduction To OOP and Java

This document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts in Java, including classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It also covers basic Java programming concepts like main methods, variables, data types, operators, and decision-making statements like if/else and switch statements. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to read input, perform operations, and print output in Java programs.

Uploaded by

Anugrah Vishwas Paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Day 1: Introduction to OOP and Java

Programming Approach - It means what will be


the procedure of solving any problem. It
could be of two types-
1. Procedural Approach- It means solving any
problem step by step.
2. Object Oriented Approach

Object Orinted Programming System-


It is the based on real life concepts.The
basis Concepts of OOPs are-
1. Class
2. Object

1. Class - It is a like a blueprint or


prototype. A Class contains two things-
a) Attributes
b)Behavior
Attributes specifies the properties of
the system while behavior specifies the
functionality.
ex.
class human
{
mind,hands,legs,eyes..........; }
Attributes
_________
thinking()
working() => Behaviors
walking()
vision()
}
2. Object- These are instances of class,
They contains all the properties & methods
whatever is defined inside the class. They
are the active entities which directly
interact with the external environment.

Class Object
Car Maruti-800,
Mobile Nokia-X6, Samsung Galaxy
Pen Raynold Jetter
Dog Tommy
Features of OOPs-
1. Encapsulation & Abstraction
2. Polymorphism
3. Inheritance
4. Message Passing

Encapsulation - This is the concept of


data hiding. It says represent only the
essential information infront of the user.
Abstraction- This is concept of mechanism
hiding.
or
to using any thing without knowing the
background details of that thing is known as
abstraction.

Polymorphism- This is concept of one to


many. when an entity perform different
operations on different occasions then we
can say entity implements the polymorphism.

Inheritance- This is concept of


reusability.

Message Passing - This is concept of


runtime communication of the objects.

Java
1. Java was developed by James Gosling in
1990 at sun macrosystem.
2. It is a case sensitive langauge.
3. The Extention of Java Program must be
.java.
4. Java is a plateform independent language.
5. Java is technicaly known as JVM(java
virtual machine)
JVM= JDK (Java Developement Kit)+ JRE
(Java Runtime Environment)
6. Java uses compiler for converting high
level code into machine level code.
7. There are a lot of built in classes &
methods available in java & remember the
built in classes are always written in
PascalCase Case & Methods are written in
camelCase.
Example
PascalCase =>InputStreamReader
camelCase=>readLine()
8. The java program must be start with class
keyword
9. Initially the name of program must be
same as name of class.
10. for compiling a java program we use
javac command & for ruuning a java program
we use java command.
11. Before executing your program you must
set the path-
Like
set path=C:\Program
Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_04\bin
12. For compiling & running-
javac programname.java
java programname

Tokens- The smallest individual units of a


program are known as tokens.It consist the
following elements-
1. Identifiers
2. Constant
3. Keywords
4. DataType
5. Operators

1. Identifiers- The name of any programming


element is known as identifiers. like name
of variable, function, class etc.
2. Constant- They are the fixed values which
did not change during execution of a
program.
like
10,20,30
"ram","shyam"
3. Keywords- They are the reserve words
which implements any particular meaning in
your program. there are 50 keywords in java
language.
like -
int,for,if,while,do,public,private,class
etc

4. Datatype- It specifies the type of a


variable.
Variable- They represent a memory
location where we can put any value
according to their datatype.
Syntax
datatype variable_name;

Datatype
char
number
fixed point
int
long
floating point
float
double
boolean

5. Opeartors- They are the symbols which


perform any particular operation with their
operands. They could be classified into
following categories-
1. Assignment Operator(=)
2. Arithmetical Operator(+,-,*,/,%)
3. Relational Operator(<,<=,>,>=,==,!=)
4. Logical Operator(&&,||,!)
5. Increment/Decrement Operator(++,--)
6. Conditional Operator(?:)
7. Shorthand Operators(+=,-=,*=,/=)
Example- Program for adding two values-
class add
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b,c;
a=10;
b=20;
c=a+b;
System.out.println("Sum : "+c);
}
}
Que- WAP for swapping the value of two
variables with each other.

Reading a Value in Java at RunTime- You can


read a value in java by two methods. These
are-
1. Through Command Line Argument
2. Through Built-in Classess like
BufferedReader & Scanner Class

1. Throug Command Line Argument- Here we


pass the value on command prompt means
infront of program name like the following-

java programname value-1 value-2 n


args[0] args[1] args[n-1]

Que- Read a name and print it with hello


message.
class test
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
String s=args[0];
System.out.println("Hello : "+s);
}
}
javac test.java
java test Utkarsh

Wrapper Classes - Java provides these


classes for converting one data type to
another. The Classes & Methods are

Class Name Method Name Pupose


Integer parseInt() Convert String
into Integer
toString() Convert Integer into
String
Float parseFloat() Convert String into
Float
Double parseDouble()Convert String into
Double

class test
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b,c;
a=Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
b=Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
c=a+b;
System.out.println("Sum : "+c);

}
}

javac test.java
java test 10 20

Que- Read marks a student in P,C,M &


calculate total & Percetnage.

Decision Making Statements- They are used


for making the decision inside your program.
The Decision Making Statements are-
1. if statement
2. switch statement

1. if statement- We can use different


variations of if statement, These are-
a. if else statement
b. if else if ladder statement
c. nested if statement

a. if else statement- if we have a


condition & their are two aspect of the
condition, first for true and second for
false, then we use such type of statement.
Syntax
if(condition)
{
true statement block
}
else
{
false statement block
}
Que- Check given number is even/odd.
Que- Read age of a person & print whether
he/she can vote or not?

b. if else if ladder statement- if we


have more than one conditions then we can
use if else if ladder statement.
Syntax
if(condition-1)
statement-1
else if(condition-2)
statement-2
_______________
_______________
else if(condition-n)
statement-n
else
default statement
Que- Read 3 values & print the largest
one.
Que- Read marks of a students in physics,
chemistry & math & calculate and print their
total , percentage & division.

c. netsed if statement - if, if statement


contains one or more than one another if
statement into its body then this term is
known as nested if statement.
Syntax
if(condition)
{
______________
______________
if(condition)
{
---------------
----------------
}
}
Que- Read 3 values & print the largest
one.
class demo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b,c;
a=Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
b=Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
c=Integer.parseInt(args[2]);
if(a>b)
{
if(a>c)

System.out.println("Largest :"+a);
else

System.out.println("Largest :"+c);
}
else
{
if(b>c)

System.out.println("Largest :"+b);
else

System.out.println("Largest :"+c);
}
}
}
switch case statement- It is also a
decision making statement.It works faster
than if statement, but the disadvantages is
that it did not support logical and
relational operator.
Syntax
switch(expression)
{
case value-1:
statement-1;
break;
case value-2:
statement-2;
break;
_____________________
_____________________
case value-n:
statement-n;
break;
default:
default statement
}
Que- read day number and print day name.
Que- Read two values & then print the
following menu-
1. Add
2. Subtract
3. Multiply
4. Divide
then read choice(1-4) & according to choice
perform the operation.

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