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Computer Science: Debugging

This document discusses debugging in Python. It describes two types of errors: syntax errors and exceptions. Syntax errors occur when there is invalid syntax, while exceptions occur during execution, even if the syntax is valid. The document then discusses handling exceptions using try/except blocks. It also describes two debugging techniques in Python: print debugging by inserting print statements; and using the Python debugger pdb which allows setting breakpoints to step through code.

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rahul kumar jha
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54 views

Computer Science: Debugging

This document discusses debugging in Python. It describes two types of errors: syntax errors and exceptions. Syntax errors occur when there is invalid syntax, while exceptions occur during execution, even if the syntax is valid. The document then discusses handling exceptions using try/except blocks. It also describes two debugging techniques in Python: print debugging by inserting print statements; and using the Python debugger pdb which allows setting breakpoints to step through code.

Uploaded by

rahul kumar jha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Chapter 5 :

Computer Science
Class XI ( As per
CBSE Board)
Debugging

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Errors and Exceptions
In Python, there are two kinds of errors: syntax
errors and exceptions.

A syntax error is an error in the syntax of a sequence of


characters or tokens that is intended to be written in a
particular programming language.
e.g.
>>> while True print 'Hello world'
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

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Errors and Exceptions
The other kind of errors in Python are
exceptions.

Even if a statement or expression is syntactically


correct, it may cause an error when an attempt is made
to execute it.

Errors detected during execution are called exceptions.


e.g.
>>> 10 * (1/0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in <module>
10 * (1/0)
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

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Errors and Exceptions
Standard Exceptions available in Python are
Exception, SystemExit,OverflowError, FloatingPointError,
ZeroDivisonError, EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt,
IndexError, IOError, SyntaxError , IndentationError ,
SystemExit , ValueError, TypeError , RuntimeError

Handling an exception
If you have some suspicious code that may raise an
exception, you can defend your program by placing the
suspicious code in a try: block

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Errors and Exceptions
try
Syntax:
try:
You do your operations here
......................
except ExceptionI:
If there is ExceptionI, then execute this block.
except ExceptionII:
If there is ExceptionII, then execute this block.
......................
else:
If there is no exception then execute this block.
e.g.
try:
fh = open("testfile", "r")
fh.write("This is my test file for exception handling!!")
except IOError:
print ("Error: can\'t find file or read data")
else:
print ("Written content in the file successfully")
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Debugging
• “print line debugging”
– At various points in your code, insert print statements that log the state of the
program
• You will probably want to print some strings with some variables
• You could just join things together like this:
>>>x=9
>>>print 'Variable x is equal to ' + str(x)
Output : Variable x is equal to 9
• … but that gets unwieldy pretty quickly
• The format function is much nicer:
>>>x=3
>>>y=4
>>>z=9
>>>print 'x, y, z are equal to {}, {}, {}'.format(x,y,z)
Output : x, y, z are equal to 6, 4, 8

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Debugging
• Python Debugger: pdb
– insert the following in your program to set a breakpoint
– when your code hits these lines, it’ll stop running and launch an interactive
prompt for you to inspect variables, step through the program, etc.

import pdb
pdb.set_trace()

n to step to the next line in the current function


s to step into a function
c to continue to the next breakpoint
you can also run any Python command, like in the interpreter

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Debugging
Create a.py file with below code and run it in python use n to step next line.

num_list = [500, 600, 700]


alpha_list = ['x', 'y', 'z']

import pdb
pdb.set_trace() #debugging code
def nested_loop():
for number in num_list:
print(number)
for letter in alpha_list:
print(letter)

if __name__ == '__main__':
nested_loop()

While executing above code whole program will be traced.

Another way is to invoke the pdb module from the command line.
$ python -m pdb mycode.py

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