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RRB-JE 2019 (CBT-2) : Electronics & Allied Engineering

The document discusses optical fiber communication and defines attenuation as the loss of signal strength as light pulses propagate through fiber. It describes the main causes of attenuation as absorption from impurities and defects in the fiber material. Various questions are also provided relating to calculating output power and signal attenuation over different fiber lengths and wavelengths.

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Ramu Ram
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122 views7 pages

RRB-JE 2019 (CBT-2) : Electronics & Allied Engineering

The document discusses optical fiber communication and defines attenuation as the loss of signal strength as light pulses propagate through fiber. It describes the main causes of attenuation as absorption from impurities and defects in the fiber material. Various questions are also provided relating to calculating output power and signal attenuation over different fiber lengths and wavelengths.

Uploaded by

Ramu Ram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RRB- JE 2019 (CBT-2)

ELECTRONICS & ALLIED ENGINEERING

Communication Engineering
Topic :-Optical Fiber Communication-7

RAMAN KUMAR
 Attenuation:-
Attenuation is a measure of decay of signal strength or loss of light power that occurs as light pulses
propagate through the length of the fiber.
The attenuation of fiber is governed by the materials from which it is fabricated, the manufacturing
process and the refractive index profile chosen. Attenuation loss is measured in dB/km.

Attenuation Units :-
As attenuation leads to a loss of power along the fiber, the output power is significantly less than the couples power.
Let the couples optical power is p(0) i.e. at origin (z = 0).

Then the power at distance z is given by,

where, αp is fiber attenuation constant (per km).

This parameter is known as fiber loss or fiber attenuation.


Absorption:-
Absorption loss is related to the material composition and fabrication process of fiber. Absorption loss
results in dissipation of some optical power as hear in the fiber cable. Although glass fibers are extremely
pure, some impurities still remain as residue after purification. The amount of absorption by these
impurities depends on their concentration and light wavelength.
Absorption is caused by three different mechanisms.
1) Absorption by atomic defects in glass composition.
2) Extrinsic absorption by impurity atoms in glass matts.
3) Intrinsic absorption by basic constituent atom of fiber.
 Extrinsic Absorption
Extrinsic absorption occurs due to electronic transitions between the energy level and because of charge
transitions from one ion to another. A major source of attenuation is from transition of metal impurity
ions such as iron, chromium, cobalt and copper. These losses can be upto 1 to 10 dB/km. The effect of
metallic impurities can be reduced by glass refining techniques.

 Intrinsic Absorption
Intrinsic absorption occurs when material is in absolutely pure state, no density variation and
inhomogeneity. Thus intrinsic absorption sets the fundamental lower limit on absorption for any
particular material.
Ques. A low loss fiber has average loss of 3 dB/km at 900 nm. Compute the length over
which power decreases by 50%.

a). 1.5 KM b). 1 KM c).2.25 KM d). 2 KM

Ques. A low loss fiber has average loss of 3 dB/km at 900 nm. Compute the length over
which power decreases by 75%.

a). 1.5 KM b). 1 KM c).2.25 KM d). 2 KM


Ques. For a 30 km long fiber attenuation 0.8 dB/km at 1300nm. If a 200 µwatt power is launched into
the fiber, find the output power.
Ques. When mean optical power launched into an 8 km length of fiber is 12 µW, the mean optical
power at the fiber output is 3 µW.
Determine –

1) Overall signal attenuation in dB.


2) The overall signal attenuation for a 10 km optical link using the same fiber with splices at 1 km intervals, each
giving an attenuation of 1 dB.

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