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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN
459-2:2001
Incorporating
Corrigendum No. 1
Building lime —
Part 2: Test methods
The European Standard EN 459-2:2001 has the status of a

British Standard
ICS 91.100.10
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 459-2:2001
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of
EN 459-2:2001. It supersedes BS EN 459-2:1995 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/516, Cement and lime, to Subcommittee B/516/11, Lime, which has the
responsibility to:
— aid enquirers to understand the text;
— present to the responsible international/European committee any

enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the
UK interests informed;
— monitor related international and European developments and
promulgate them in the UK.
A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on

request to its secretary.
This standard is issued in three parts:
— BS EN 459-1:2001, Building lime — Part 1: Definitions, specifications and
conformity criteria, specifies the classifications, chemical and physical
requirements for building limes.
— BS EN 459-2:2001, Building lime — Part 2: Test methods.
— BS EN 459-3:2001, Building lime — Part 3: Conformity evaluation,
BS EN 459-3:2001 specifies detailed requirements for evaluating the

conformity of building limes with BS EN 459-1:2001. In addition, these same
provisions describe the tasks that will be required of the manufacturer for
demonstrating legal attestation of conformity to a level 2 system.
This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Building and
Civil Engineering Sector Policy
and Strategy Committee, was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee on
29 August 2002
Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Comments
© BSI 13 September 2002

14098 13 September 2002 Correction to national foreword
Corrigendum No. 1 and incorporation of national
annex NA
ISBN 0 580 38227 3

BS EN 459-2:2001
The test methods described in this standard are required by BS EN 459-1:2001.

They are generally as published in BS EN 459-2:1995, the principle differences
are as follows:
a) Clause 4 specifies new requirements. In particular, 4.1.5 specifies how the
chemical analysis of building limes is adjusted for free water and bound
(or combined) water to determine compliance with the requirements given in
Table 2 of EN 459-1:2001. An example determination of the classification of a
hydrated lime is given in national annex NA.2 to EN 459-1.
b) The addition of air-jet sieving as an alternative method of determining
fineness (5.2.2).
c) Changes to the “reference” and “alternative” methods in the determination
of soundness (5.3.2).
d) The change to standard mortar preparation by mass from by volume (5.5.2).
e) The addition of a requirement to record the fineness when determining
reactivity (5.10.5.1).
f) The introduction of an alternative procedure for the measurement of
reactivity (5.10.5.2).
National Annex NA (informative) provides a table of additional sample
preparation and test methods for building limes, specified in other European and
British Standards.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section
entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the
“Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the
EN title page, pages 2 to 39 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document
was last issued.
© BSI 13 September 2002 i

ii blank
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 459-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2001
ICS 91.100.10 Supersedes EN 459-2:1994
English version
Building lime - Part 2: Test methods
Chaux de construction - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai Baukalk - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2001.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 459-2:2001 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Contents
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2 Sampling of powdered material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.3 Sampling of granular material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.4 Sampling lime putties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 Chemical analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1 General requirements for testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2 Calcium and magnesium oxide (CaO + MgO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3 Magnesium oxide (MgO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.4 Carbon dioxide (CO2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.5 Loss on ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.6 Sulfate (SO3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.7 Available lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5 Physical tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 11

5.1 Compressive strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2 Fineness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.3 Soundness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.4 Setting times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.5 Standard mortar by volume and water demand for values of flow and penetration . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.6 Water retention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.7 Determination of air content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.8 Bulk density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.9 Yield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.10 Reactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.11 Free water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 37
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 "Cement and building of limes",
the secretariat which is held by IBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by April 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
April 2002.
This European Standard supersedes EN 459-2:1994.
Opposite to EN 459-2:1994 the following modifications are presented:
– editorial changes were made and minor mistakes corrected
– alternative method for particle size determination of hydrated limes (prEN 12485:1996)
– vibrating table from EN 196-1:1994 was over taken
– Amendments for the determination of strength, chemical analysis and sampling of buildings limes
European Standard EN 459 consists of the following Parts:
2
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria;

Part 2: Test methods;
Part 3: Conformity evaluation.
The existing standards from the EN 196 series were used as a basis for EN 459-2:2001. However, given the
chemical and physical properties of building limes, test methods other than those used for cement and masonry
cement are necessary and have been incorporated into this European Standard.
The precision data (repeatability and reproducibility) are not available in all CEN member countries at the time being.
After implementation of the three parts of EN 459 CEN/TC 51 will collect the necessary information to provide the
precision data for the next revision of EN 459-2.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
For the European Standard for building lime EN 459-2:2001 the objective has been to adopt as many European
standardized methods as possible and where this has not been possible to use other appropriate proven methods.
Unless otherwise stated, tolerance class m of ISO 2768-1 should be applied (Indications on drawings by "ISO 2768-
m").
All measurements are in millimetres.
1 Scope
This European Standard describes the test methods for all building limes covered by EN 459-1:2001.
This European Standard describes reference test methods and in some cases alternative test methods. In the event
of a dispute, only the reference method is used.
If methods other than the following are used it is necessary to show that they give results equivalent to those given
by the reference methods.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the lates edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 196-1:1994, Methods of testing cement – Part 1: Determination of strength.
EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement – Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement.
EN 196-3:1994, Methods of testing cement – Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness.
EN 196-6:1989, Methods of testing cement – Part 6: Determination of fineness.
EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement – Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement.
3
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
EN 196-211), Methods of testing cement – Part 21: Determination of the chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content
of cement.
EN 459-1:2001, Building lime – Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria.
EN 932-1, Test for general properties of aggregates – Part 1: Methods for sampling.
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1997).
EN 10003-1, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test – Part 1: Test method.
EN 10088-2, Stainless steels – Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip for general purposes.
EN 12485, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption – Calcium carbonate, high-
calcium lime and half-burnt dolomite – Test methods.
ISO 383, Laboratory glassware – Interchangeable conical ground joints.
ISO 2768-1, General tolerances - Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance
indications.
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 2: Basic method for the
determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method.
ASTM C 230-90, Standard specification for flow table for use in tests of hydraulic cement.
3 Sampling
3.1 General
Sampling shall be carried out as specified in 3.1 to 3.4 taking into account the need to minimize moisture and carbon
dioxide absorption.
3.2 Sampling of powdered material
Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 196-7.
Before carrying out chemical analysis, the sample shall be reduced in mass by means of a sample divider and/or
by quartering to produce a sub-sample of suitable mass for the intended determinations. Any coarse material shall
be reduced in size to less than 0,3 mm.
3.3 Sampling of granular material
Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 932-1.
Before carring out chemical analysis, the sample shall be crushed, ground and reduced in mass to produce a sub-
sample finer than 0,3 mm and of suitable mass for the intended determinations.
3.4 Sampling lime putties
The spot sample size shall be (10 ± 5) dm3.
Where lime putties are sampled, the increments shall be blended thoroughly.
1
) EN 196-21 is currently being incorporated into EN 196-2.
4
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
4 Chemical analysis
4.1 General requirements for testing
4.1.1 Number of tests
Analysis of a building lime may require the determination of a number of its chemical properties. For each determina-
tion one or more tests shall be carried out in which the number of measurements to be taken shall be as specified
in the relevant clause of this standard.
Where the analysis is one of a series subject to statistical control, determination of each chemical property by a
single test shall be the minimum required.
Where the analysis is not a part of a series subject to statistical control, the number of tests for determination of
each chemical property shall be two (see also 4.3).
In the case of a dispute, the number of tests for determination of each chemical property shall be two (see also 4.3).
4.1.2 Expression of masses, volumes, factors and results
Express masses in grams to the nearest 0,0001 g and volumes from burettes in millilitres to the nearest 0,05 ml.
Express the factors of solutions, given by mean of three measurements, to three decimal places.
Express the results, where a single test result has been obtained, as a percentage generally to two decimal places.
Express the results, where two test results have been obtained, as the mean of the results, as a percentage
generally to two decimal places.
If the two test results differ by more than twice the standard deviation of repeatability (laboratory), repeat the test and
take the mean of the two closest test results.
The results of all individual tests shall be recorded.
4.1.3 Blank determinations
Carry out a blank determination without a sample, where relevant, following the same procedure and using the same
amounts of reagents. Correct the results obtained for the analytical determination accordingly.
4.1.4 Reagents
All reagents shall be of an analytical grade appropriate for the method being used. The water used shall comply with
the appropriate grade specified in EN ISO 3696.
4.1.5 Evaluation of test results
The chemical requirements for building limes are specified in Table 2 of EN 459-1:2001. For quicklime the specified
values correspond to the finished product.
For all other types (hydrated lime, lime putty, hydraulic and natural hydraulic lime) the values are based on the
product after subtraction of its free water and bound water content. The values obtained by application of procedures
described in this European Standard for calcium and magnesium oxide (4.2), magnesium oxide (4.3), carbon dioxide
(4.4), sulfate (4.6) and available lime (4.7) are for the products without subtraction of the free water and bound water
content. To compare these values with Table 2 of EN 459-1:2001, they shall first be corrected by multiplication by
factor F. Factor F shall be determined in the following way.
Determine the carbon dioxide content as described in 4.4 and the loss on ignition as described in 4.5. The loss on
ignition is the sum of the free water, bound water and carbon dioxide, provided that the sample does not contain any
highly volatile compounds or oxidizable constituents. Calculate the total (free + bound) water content WT as a
percentage by mass of the sample using.
5
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
WT = loss on ignition (m/m %) – carbon dioxide content (m/m %)
Calculate the factor F from the following equation:
F = 100 / (100 – WT)
4.2 Calcium and magnesium oxide (CaO + MgO)
Determine the (CaO + MgO) content using the method given in EN 196-2.
4.3 Magnesium oxide (MgO)
Determine the (MgO) content using the method given in EN 196-2.
4.4 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
4.4.1 Reference method
Determine the CO2 content using the reference method given in EN 196-21.
4.4.2 Volumetric determination of carbon dioxide (alternative method)
4.4.2.1 Principle
The CO2 contained in the building lime in the form of carbonates is given off by reaction with hydrochloric acid and
determined volumetrically.
4.4.2.2 Apparatus
The apparatus is shown in Figure 1.
6
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Key
1 Dropping funnel
2 Stopcock 1
3 Stopcock 2
4 Capillary tubes
5 Three-way tap
6 Decomposition flask with a volume of 50 ml
7 Absorption vessel containing potassium hydroxide solution
8 Burette
9 Levelling vessel with sealing liquid
10 Jacketed tube filled with water
Figure 1 – Kleine apparatus for determination of carbon dioxide
7
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
4.4.2.3 Reagents
a) Copper sulfate CuSO4.
b) Concentrated hydrochloric acid HCI (ρ = 1,18 to 1,19 g/cm3).
c) Dilute hydrochloric acid 1 + 1 (1 part of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 1 part of
water by volume).
d) Methyl red solution Dissolve 0,2 g of methyl red in water and make up to 100 ml.
e) Sealing liquid Add 20 g of sodium sulfate and 5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid
to water and make up to 100 ml and colour with a few drops of
methyl red solution. The sealing liquid shall be saturated
with CO2.
f) Potassium hydroxide solution containing 50 % by mass of KOH.
g) Calcium carbonate CaCO3 dried to constant mass at (250 ± 5) °C.
4.4.2.4 Procedure
The mass of the building lime sample used depends on the expected CO2 content and shall be chosen approximate-
ly as follows:
2g for 0 % ≤ CO2 ≤ 2 %;
1g for 2 % < CO2 ≤ 5 %;
0,5 g for 5 % < CO2 ≤ 10 %;
0,3 g for 10 % < CO2 ≤ 15 %;
0,2 g for 15 % < CO2 ≤ 40 %;
0,1 g for 40 % < CO2 ≤ 50 %.
Weigh out the sample accurately to 0,1 mg into the decomposition flask, add a spatula-tip of copper sulfate to bind
any hydrogen sulfide formed and suspend in a little water.
Connect the flask to the apparatus with the aid of the double-bored stopper. A funnel and the feed tube to the
measuring burette pass through the stopper. Open the stopcocks in these two lines. Bring the three-way tap to the
position such that it connects the flask and measuring burette with one another. Fill the burette with sealing liquid
up to the three-way tap by raising the levelling bottle. Now close stopcock 1 and fill the funnel with dilute hydrochloric
acid (1 + 1). Add dilute hydrochloric acid (1 + 1) to the flask through the dropping funnel until the flask is half full.
Stopcock 1 being closed, a little acid remains as sealing liquid in the funnel.
Allow the mixture to react for a few minutes in the cold and then heat it to the boiling point and boil for about
another 3 min. Fill the flask completely with dilute hydrochloric acid (1 + 1) up to stopcock 2 with the aid of the
dropping funnel in order to transfer the remaining gas mixture into the burette. Take care that no dilute hydrochloric
acid also flows over. Close the burette with the three-way tap. After about 5 min, bring the sealing liquid in the
burette and in the levelling bottle to the same level and read off the gas volume V1.
Turn the three-way tap to connect the measuring burette with the absorption vessel and wash out the air/CO2
mixture collected. For this, raise the levelling bottle so that all the gas is forced through the potassium hydroxide
solution in the absorption vessel. The CO2 is thereby absorbed. Repeat the absorption operation about seven or
eight times until, finally, the measuring burette contains only the residual gas. Close the three-way tap, bring the
sealing liquid in the burette and in the levelling vessel to the same level and read off the volume V2.
The difference in volume (V1 – V2) corresponds to the carbon dioxide content of the sample.
4.4.2.5 Evaluation
Calculate the carbon dioxide content as the content by mass of CO2, in percent from the equation:
(V1 V2) × P
C 0,053 F1 (1)
T × m1
where
C is the carbon dioxide content by mass, in percent;
F1 is the correction factor in accordance with 4.4.2.6;
V1 is the volume of the gas before absorption, in millilitres;
V2 is the volume of the gas after absorption, in millilitres;
P is the corrected barometer reading, in pascals×100;
T is the measurement temperature, in kelvins;
m1 is the mass of the sample, in grams.
8
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
If the calibration and determination are carried out directly after one another, the temperature and atmospheric
pressure need not be taken into consideration. For this case, equation (1) is simplified to:
4,397 (V1 V2) of measurement

C (2)
(V3 V4) of calibration × m1
if 0,1 g of CaCO3 is weighed out for the calibration.

Using this method the value calculated is expressed as a percentage of the "as delivered" product (refer to 4.1).
4.4.2.6 Calibration of the apparatus
Weigh 0,1 g of calcium carbonate, dried to constant mass at (250 ± 5) °C, to an accuracy of 0,5 mg into the
decomposition flask. Carry out the determination as described in 4.4.2.4.
The volume difference (V3 – V4) corresponds to the carbon dioxide content of the calibration material. Calculate the
correction factor F1 of the absorption apparatus from the following relationship, obtained by rearranging equation (1):
82,96 × T
F1 (3)
(V3 V4) × P
The meanings of the symbols correspond to those given in 4.4.2.5.

The factor shall be in the range 1,00 to 1,04, otherwise the apparatus is to be checked for tightness and proper
functioning and the calibration repeated.
4.5 Loss on ignition
Determine the loss on ignition using the method given in EN 196-2.
NOTE An alternative desiccant may be used, if it is proved to be as effective as magnesium perchlorate.
4.6 Sulfate (SO3)

Determine the sulfate content using the method given in EN 196-2.
4.7 Available lime
4.7.1 General
Use the method given in 4.7.2 for air lime and the method given in 4.7.3 for hydraulic lime.
4.7.2 Determination of available lime content of air limes
4.7.2.1 Principle
The available (unbound) lime (calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide) is dissolved in a solution of sucrose and titrated with
hydrochloric acid, phenolphthalein being used as an indicator.
To ensure complete dissolution of highly reactive limes (tu < 2 min, according to 5.10.5) which are prone to form large
particles of calcium hydroxide when slaked, those limes should be wetted with 1 ml of methanol before being added
to the water.
4.7.2.2 Reagents
a) Water
b) Sucrose Refined sugar, commercially available
c) Methanol CH3OH
d) Hydrochloric acid 1 mol/l (standard solution)
e) Phenolphthalein indicator Dissolve 0,5 g of phenolphthalein in 50 ml of ethanol and dilute
to 100 ml with water
4.7.2.3 Procedure
Place 50 ml of water in a 300 ml conical flask. Transfer (1 ± 0,1) g of lime sample weighed to an accuracy of 1 mg
to the flask and swirl to suspend. Add 10 g of sucrose, stopper the flask and keep the suspension in motion for
12 min to 15 min (magnetic stirrer, vibrating table or similar apparatus). Then filter through two fine filter papers.
Wash the flask with six 25 ml portions of cold water and titrate the filtrate or an aliquot part with the hydrochloric acid
using phenolphthalein as indicator.
9
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
4.7.2.4 Expression of results

Calculate the available lime content as CaO from the equation:
2,804 V5 x C1
Ka (4)
m2
where
Ka is the available lime content by mass, in percent;
V5 is the volume of hydrochloric acid used, in millilitres;
C1 is the factor of hydrochloric acid 1 mol/l;
Using this method the value calculated is expressed as a percentage of the "as delivered" product (refer to 4.1).
4.7.3 Determination of available lime content of hydraulic lime
4.7.3.1 Principle
The available (unbound) lime (calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide) is extracted by means of ethylacetoacetate and
the extract titrated with hydrochloric acid, bromophenol blue being used as an indicator.
4.7.3.2 Reagents
a) Ethylacetoacetate CH3COCH2COOC2H5, for synthesis
b) 2-Propanol (CH3)2CHOH
c) Concentrated hydrochloric acid HCI, see 4.4.2.3 b)
d) Hydrochloric acid 1 mol/l (standard solution)
e) Dilute hydrochloric acid 0,1 mol/l (standard solution)
f) Sodium hydroxide on support NaOH, for elementary analysis
g) Ethanol C2H5OH
h) Bromophenol blue indicator Tetrabromophenol sulphonphthalein
i) Bromophenol blue solution Dissolve 0,1 g bromophenol blue in ethanol and make up the
solution to 100 ml with the same
j) Isobutanol (CH)3CHCH2OH
4.7.3.3 Procedure
Place 12 ml ethylacetoacetate and 80 ml Isobutanol in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask with a joint conforming to ISO 383,
nominal diameter of the joint 29,2 mm, large 32 mm. Add approximately 1 g of the sample, dried out of contact with
the air (vacuum-drying oven) at (105 ± 5) °C, ground to analytical fineness and weighed to the nearest 0,1 mg, to
the mixture and shake. Bring the mixture to the boil while stirring (e. g. with a magnetic stirrer) and then reflux. The
lower end of the reflux condenser is fitted with a joint conforming to ISO 383, nominal diameter of the joint 29,2 mm,
large 32 mm, while a tube containing sodium hydroxide on a support is connected to its upper end and provides
protection against carbon dioxide penetrating from the air.
Stop the extraction after 15 min. Cool the extract to below 50 °C and siphon it off into a 250 ml suction bottle
through a glass filter funnel. Insert a filter paper for slow filtration speed (particle retention size 2,0 µm to 2,2 µm)
and a filter paper for a medium filtration speed (particle retention size 6,5 µm) into the filter funnel. (Do not cut the
filter paper by hand). Moisten the filters with the ethylacetoacetate prior to filtration. If the filtrate is cloudy, carry out
a second filtration with the same filter combination. Wash the flask and residue with a maximum of 50 ml 2-propanol.
It is not necessary to transfer the last remnants of the residue to the filter funnel.
Add 3 to 4 drops of bromophenol blue solution to the filtrate and titrate with hydrochloric acid until the colour
changes to yellow. The concentration of hydrochloric acid is dependent on the probable available lime content. For
HL 2 and/or NHL 2 titrate with the 1 mol/l hydrochloric acid and for HL 3,5, HL 5, NHL 3,5 and NHL 5 titrate with the
0,1 mol/l hydrochloric acid.
4.7.3.4 Expression of results
Calculate the available lime content in HL 2 and/or NHL 2 from the equation:
10
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
V6 × C2
Ka 2,804 × (5a)
m3
where
Ka is the available lime content in HL 2 and/or NHL 2 by mass, in percent;
V6 is the volume of the hydrochloric acid 1 mol/l used, in millilitres;
C2 is the factor of the hydrochloric acid 1mol/l;
Calculate the availabe lime content in HL 3,5, HL 5, NHL 3,5 and NHL 5 from the equation:
V7 × C3
Kb 0,2804 × (5b)
m3
where
Kb is the available lime content in HL 3,5, HL 5, NHL 3,5 and NHL 5 by mass, in percent;
V7 is the volume of the hydrochloric acid 0,1 mol/l used, in millilitres;
C3 is the factor of the hydrochloric acid 0,1 mol/l;
5 Physical tests
5.1 Compressive strength
5.1.1 General
Determine the compressive strength in accordance with EN 196-1:1994, "hydraulic lime" being substituted where
"cement" is mentioned.
However, the modifications given in 5.1.2 shall apply.
5.1.2 Modifications to EN 196-1:1994
5.1.2.1 Composition of mortar
A water/binder ratio of 0,50, as specified in EN 196-1:1994, will apply only to HL 5 and NHL 5.
For HL 2, HL 3,5, NHL 2 and NHL 3,5 the water/binder ratio shall be 0,55 (each batch for three specimens to be
prepared using (248 ± 1) g water).
Hydraulic limes and natural hydraulic limes with bulk densities ≤ 0,60 kg/dm3, which are to be tested for compressive
strength, shall be mixed with a water/binder ratio of 0,60 (each batch for three specimens to be prepared using (270
± 1) g water).
5.1.2.2 Compaction of specimens
Compaction by means of the vibrating table shall be the reference method (5.1.2.2.1).
The method specified in EN 196-1:1994 (jolting apparatus) is an alternative method.
Other alternative methods of compaction may be used provided that the absolute difference between the mean
values of the 28 day compressive strength (based on at least ten test results) does not exceed 1,5 MPa in parallel
tests with 3 different Hydraulic limes HL 5 and NHL 5.
5.1.2.2.1 Vibrating table
The vibrating table (see Figure 2) shall conform to the following requirements:
a) Method of operation magnetic vibrator
b) Type of oscillation sinusoidal
c) Nominal frequency 50 Hz
11
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
d) Oscillating mass (35 ± 0,1) kg

(including empty moulds)
e) Oscillating plate The working surface shall be ground to give an even surface.
Minimum size (width × depth) 400 mm × 300 mm consisting of
either
– a single layer of austenitic stainless steel2), (minimum thick-
ness 10 mm) or
– a double layer of metal (minimum thickness 20 mm), the top
layer made of austenitic stainless steel2) with a minimum thick-
ness of 1 mm being bonded permanently to the bottom layer by
means of a frictional and inter-locking connection
f) Holder for moulds Fixing attachment suitable for moulds

40 mm × 40 mm × 160 mm including the mounted hopper
g) Mass of table ≥ 100 kg
With the aid of the adjusting screws attached to its lower surface, the vibrating table shall be set up in such a way
that the working surface of the oscillating plate deviates from the horizontal plane by not more than 1 mm/m.
The oscillating plate shall produce uniaxial vertical vibrations only. The peak-to-peak amplitude measured at the
centre separating walls and the outer corners of the empty mould shall be (0,75 ± 0,10) mm. The amplitude shall
be continuously displayed.
The table shall be equipped with guides or similar devices to hold the mould in the centre of the working surface.
It shall be possible to secure the mould and the hopper mounted on it firmly in position by means of a fixing
attachment.
The duration of vibration shall be set to the nearest second with an automatic timer.
2
) E. g. steel type X 8 CrNiS 18-9 (1.4503) according to EN 10088-2.
12
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Key
1 Hopper
2 Mould
3 Clamp
4 Oscillating plate
5 Control panel with display of amplitude, timer, amplitude setting and main switch
Figure 2 – Example of a vibrating table compaction apparatus (schematic representation)

5.1.2.2.2 Compaction procedure
Cast the specimens immediately after the preparation of the mortar.
Compact the mortar on the vibrating table.
The mould shall be mounted firmly on the vibrating table. After the vibrator has been switched on, fill the compart-
ments of the mould with two layers of mortar within a maximum of 45 s, proceeding as follows.
Working from right to left, place the first layer of mortar into the compartments of the mould within 15 s so that the
compartments are approximately half-full.
13
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
After an interval of 15 s, during which the vibrator remains switched on, place the second layer in the mould within
the following 15 s, again working from right to left. Use the total amount of mortar specified in 5.1.2.1. The vibrator
shall switch off automatically after (120 ± 1) s.
Lift the mould off the vibrating table as gently as possible and remove the hopper. Remove the excess mortar
immediately afterwards using a straightedge (EN 196-1:1994, Figure 3) held almost vertically and moved slowly with
a transverse sawing motion (EN 196-1:1994, Figure 2) once in each direction. Smooth the surface of the specimen
using the same straightedge held almost level.
5.1.2.3 Storage of specimens after demoulding
Store the demoulded specimens in a large cabinet (conforming to 4.1 of EN 196-1:1994) maintained continuously
at a temperature of (20 ± 1) °C and a relative humidity of not less than 90 %, observing the tolerances in respect
of time specified in EN 196-1:1994, until such time as the compressive strength test is carried out.
5.1.2.4 Rate of increase in compressive load
Increase the compressive load at a rate of (400 ± 40) N/s for all types of building lime.
5.2 Fineness
5.2.1 Reference method
Determine the fineness in accordance with clause 3 of EN 196-6:1989 but using in addition a 0,2 mm sieve for
oversized particles.
5.2.2 Alternative method
Determine the fineness using the air-jet sieving method according to EN 12485 but using test sieves with aperture
sizes of 0,20 mm and 0,09 mm.
5.3 Soundness
5.3.1 General
Owing to the variation in chemical and physical characteristics of building limes it is not possible to determine the
soundness of building limes by one method for all types of lime. For this reason soundness has to be determined
as follows:
– hydrated high calcium lime and all types of – 5.3.2.1 (Reference method)
hydraulic limes – 5.3.2.2 (Alternative method)
– hydraulic lime with an SO3 content of more than – 5.3.2.3

3 % up to 7 %
– quicklime, lime putty, dolomitic lime and hydrated – 5.3.3

dolomitic lime
– hydrated calcium lime, calcium lime putty and hy- – 5.3.4

drated dolomitic lime which include grains larger
than 0,2 mm.
5.3.2 For hydrated high calcium lime and all types of hydraulic limes
5.3.2.1 Reference method
5.3.2.1.1 Principle
If the slaking of lime is incomplete, the steam hydration of the calcium oxide (CaO) present in a sample pressed into
a disc-shaped specimen leads to expansion that is measured by the variation of its disc diameter.
5.3.2.1.2 Apparatus
a) Moulds as shown in figure 3. The piston shall have a milled cross groove on its end that forms the surface of the
specimen.
b) Press, capable of applying a 2 kN force to the piston of the mould. The force should be accurate to the
14
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
nearest 0,5 kN. Alternatively, the pressure from the piston (1) on the specimen in the mould (Figure 3) may be
controlled using a pressure gauge.
c) Length measuring device, capable of measuring to the nearest 0,1 mm.
d) Steam cabinet for the steam treatment of the specimens.
The simplest assembly comprises a cylindrical tank inside which a perforated disc (e. g. stainless wire gauze, sieve)
enables the specimens to be kept at approximately 50 mm above the boiling water. The lid shall be designed so that
condensed water does not drip onto the specimens.
e) Heating source which enables the water to be kept at boiling point, such as an electric hot plate fitted with a
regulator or an adjustable gas burner.
f) Balance for weighing to approximately 0,01 g.
15
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Tolerances in accordance with ISO 2768-m
Key
1 Piston
2 Mould
3 0,5-cross groove
Figure 3 – Specimen mould
16
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
5.3.2.1.3 Procedure
Weigh (25,0 ± 0,1) g of the building lime to be tested, then add sufficient water such that the specimen can be
handled after demoulding (usually 5 g but less than 2,5 g for HL 5 and NHL 5) and mix carefully. If the balance
allows it, it is best to work directly in the specimen mould but, if this is not possible, work in an intermediate
container and transfer the mixture to the specimen mould in as complete a state as possible. Then place the mould
with the piston inserted under the press.
Press up to 2 kN force and hold this pressure for approximately 5 s and then demould. The specimen obtained is
generally within the region of 10 mm thick with a diameter of approximately 50 mm. Measure two diameters to each
other to approximately 0,1 mm, e. g. on the cross-diameter. Calculate Di as the average of these two measurements.
Place the specimen in the steam cabinet and keep it for 90 min in the steam atmosphere produced by the boiling
water. Remove the specimen, leave to cool below 40 °C, and calculate De as the average of the two measurements
after steaming.
5.3.2.1.4 Expression of results
The value of expansion, expressed in millimetres, is given by the difference (De – Di).
When the test result meets the requirement (see Table 5 of EN 459-1:2001) report the result as "pass", otherwise
as "fail".
5.3.2.2 Alternative method
Carry out the test for soundness in accordance with EN 196-3:1994 except that for hydraulic limes the moulded
specimens shall be precured for (48 ± 0,5) h at a minimum of 90 % relative humidity and (20 ± 1) °C.
The following modifications shall apply for CL 70, CL 80, CL 90, HL 2, HL 3,5, NHL 2 and NHL 3,5 building limes.
5.3.2.2.1 Apparatus
Use a steam cabinet in place of the water bath and humidity cabinet described in EN 196-3:1994.
5.3.2.2.2 Procedure
Prepare three test specimens by carefully hand mixing 75 g of the dry hydrated lime sample with 20 ml of water.
Immediately fill each mould completely but loosely with the prepared mix and lightly tamp the sample to avoid the
inclusion of air. Repeat this procedure until the mix is level with the top of the mould.
Where this procedure is not appropriate to fill the mould according to 7.2 of EN 196-3:1994, the amount of water
may be altered and the quantity used reported.
Measure the distance (A) separating the ends of the indicator points to the nearest 1 mm. Transfer the moulds
immediately to the steam cabinet which should be boiling vigorously.
Subject the moulds to the continuous action of steam at atmospheric pressure for a period of (180 ± 10) min. At the
end of this time remove the moulds, allow to cool to room temperature and measure the distance (B) separating the
ends of the indicator points.
For each specimen record the measurements A and B and calculate the differences (B – A).
If individual results differ by more than 2 mm repeat the test.
5.3.2.2.3 Interpretation
When the mean difference (B – A) meets the requirement (see Table 5 of EN 459-1:2001) report the result as
"pass", otherwise as "fail".
5.3.2.3 For hydraulic lime with an SO3 content of more than 3 % and up to 7 % (cold water test)
5.3.2.3.1 Preparation of specimens
Work 200 g of hydraulic lime thoroughly by kneading to a stiff paste with about 45 g to 90 g of water for 3 min. The
amount of water added is correct if the paste spreads slowly only when the glass plate is shaken several times.
Make two cakes from the paste by placing the two halves of the paste as lumps onto the middle of two lightly oiled
(releasing agent), flat glass plates (mirror glass) and shaking the plates gently until cakes 50 mm to 70 mm in
diameter and about 10 mm thick are formed. After spreading, the cakes shall not be worked with a knife or trowel.
The two cakes are intended for the duplicate determination.
5.3.2.3.2 Procedure
Immediately after preparation, place the two cakes in a moist air storage cabinet with a relative humidity of not less
17
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
than 90 % and leave them undisturbed therein to harden. About 24 h after their preparation, detach the cakes
carefully from the glass plate and place them in water at 18 °C to 21 °C. Observe them for a further 27 days. If
warping or gaping edge cracks appear, by themselves or together with netted cracks, this indicates "blowing", i. e.
the cake splits with gradual loosening of the cohesion originally obtained, which can lead to complete disintegration
(see Figure 6).
The curvature of the bottom surface of the cake may have a camber of not more than 2 mm.
The blowing phenomenon is frequently found on the cakes after only 3 days; nevertheless observation for up to
28 days suffices to recognize blowing reliably.
The cake may be taken out of the water for observation for not more than 30 min, since otherwise radial shrinkage
cracks can readily form on the edges (Figure 5).
5.3.3 For quicklime, lime putty, dolomitic lime and hydrated dolomitic lime
5.3.3.1 Principle
Cakes (diameter: 50 mm to 70 mm, thickness: approximately 10 mm) are made by pouring pastes of slaked lime or
lime putty upon absorbent porous plates. After 5 min the cakes, placed upon new dry plates, are put into a hot
cabinet and after this treatment the cakes are inspected visually for expansion cracks.
5.3.3.2 Apparatus
a) Absorbent plates, approximately 100 mm × 100 mm, of hydrated calcium silicate3), as used for thermal insulation,
density approximately 1,0 g/cm3, thickness approximately 25 mm, suction time up to 10 min.
NOTE Other absorbent materials leading to comparable water content may be used as alternatives.
b) Hot cabinet controlled at (105 ± 5) °C.
5.3.3.3 Preparation of specimens
5.3.3.3.1 Sieve residue
If individual particles are found on the 0,2 mm wire sieve medium (see 5.2) when testing particle fineness, the
procedure shall be as follows:
a) Embed all the particles found in the middle of a cake, so that they are completely covered;
b) Soak particles in quicklime first in accordance with the working instructions of the manufacturer and then
introduce them into the middle of the cake;
c) Prepare the cake from the same lime specimen in which the residues have been found.
5.3.3.3.2 Quicklime and dolomitic lime
Slake about 200 g of quicklime or dolomitic lime with water at (20 ± 2) °C to give a paste and soak for the length of
time required by the manufacturer in the working instructions. Then make two cakes from this paste.
5.3.3.3.3 Lime putty
In the case of lime putty, make two cakes directly from the existing putty.
5.3.3.3.4 Hydrated dolomitic lime
For testing immediately workable hydrated dolomitic lime, mix about 100 g of lime powder to a paste with water at
(20 ± 2) °C so that two cakes of 50 mm to 70 mm in diameter and about 10 mm in thickness at the centre can be
poured, each onto a dry filter plate (see 5.3.3.2). In the case of lime putty, make the cakes directly from the existing
putty, without addition of water.
5.3.3.4 Procedure
After a sufficient resting time (approximately 5 min), remove the cakes and transfer them to two other dry absorbent
plates and put them into the hot cabinet. Keep them in this cabinet at (105 ± 5) °C for 4 h.
3
) Information on sources of supply for these hydrated calcium silicate plates can be obtained from DIN
Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Burggrafenstraße 6, D-10787 Berlin.
18
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
5.3.3.5 Evaluation
The building limes shall be regarded as passing the test if the cakes are firm after the treatment described in 5.3.3.4
and show no expansion cracks. Shrinkage cracks are of no significance for the evaluation. In this context, see
Figures 4 to 6.
Figure 4 – "Test passed"
Figure 5 – Specimen with shrinkage cracks ("Test passed")
19
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Figure 6 – Specimen with

expansion cracks ("Test failed")
5.3.4 For hydrated calcium lime, calcium lime putty and hydrated dolomitic lime which include grains
larger than 0,2 mm
5.3.4.1 Principle
Large particles of overburnt quicklime can cause popping and pitting when used for plastering. In this test hydrated
calcium lime is added to a non-retarded plaster of Paris and, after the plaster has set, it is subjected to the action
of steam. The steam hydrates any unreacted calcium and/or magnesium oxide present causing expansion and thus
eruption of the plaster surface.
5.3.4.2 Material
Plaster of Paris, containing more than 90 % by mass of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO 4 ⋅ 1/2 H2O) and passing
the 0,2 mm sieve.
In addition when gauged with 50 % of its own mass of water at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C, it shall show an initial
setting time, when tested according to clause 6 of EN 196-3:1994, of not less than 4 min and not greater
than 15 min.
5.3.4.3 Apparatus
a) Large sheet of non-absorptive material for mixing (a glass plate 500 mm × 750 mm has been found to be
suitable).
b) Three brass ring moulds, 100 mm internal diameter, 5 mm deep of an annular thickness of at least 5 mm, and
having an internal taper of about 5°, each with a non-porous base plate about 120 mm x 120 mm.
c) Two broad palette knives.
d) Ventilated drying oven, controlled at (40 ± 5) °C.
e) Steam cabinet, in which soundness specimens can be submitted to the action of steam at atmospheric pressure.
The lid shall be designed so that condensed water does not drip onto the specimens.
5.3.4.4 Procedure
Weigh approximately 250 g of the sample to an accuracy of 1 g and mix in sufficient water using the two palette
knives to produce a lime putty, at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C, on the large non-absorptive sheet. Gather the mix
20
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
into a compact mass, cover it to avoid loss of water and allow to stand for (120 ± 10) min.
Grease the three ring moulds and base plates with petroleum jelly.
When 2 h have elapsed, mix the lime putty using the palette knives until a stiff plastic mass is obtained. If it is
essential, a little more water may be added. Spread out the putty, then sprinkle 35 g of the plaster of Paris evenly
over the surface of the putty and mix rapidly with the palette knives for (120 ± 5) s.
Using a palette knife, form three flat pats by pressing the gauged material, in small quantities, into a ring mould
resting with its wider diameter downwards on a non-porous base plate. Ensure that no air is entrapped. Using the
palette knife with its blade nearly vertical, cut off the excess putty and then, with the blade nearly horizontal, smooth
off level with the top of the mould using not more than 12 strokes. Do not exceed 5 min total time, from the addition
of the plaster of Paris, for the completion of the pats.
Leave the three pats to set for 1 h. Place the pats on their base plates with or without the ring moulds, in the drying
oven at a temperature of (40 ± 5) °C for not less than 12 h. (It is usually convenient to dry the pats overnight). Place
the pats, still on their base plate, horizontally in the steam cabinet, in which the water shall be boiling vigorously as
indicated by a constant egress of steam. Subject the three pats to continuous action of saturated steam at
atmospheric pressure for (180 ± 10) min, taking precautions to prevent condensed water dripping on the pats.
If any pat shows shrinkage cracks after drying in the oven at a temperature of (40 ± 5) °C, then discard it and make
a new pat. Continue to test the other pat(s) while preparing the new pat(s).
Remove the pats from the steam cabinet, allow them to cool and examine them in good light for disintegration,
popping or pitting.
NOTE Drips of water can cause "water blistering" which should not be confused with popping or pitting.
5.3.4.5 Test report
Report as either free from, or as showing, disintegration, popping or pitting.
5.4 Setting times
Determine setting times using the method given in EN 196-3:1994.
5.5 Standard mortar by mass and water demand for values of flow and penetration
5.5.1 General
The measurement of the value of penetration, water retention and air content requires a standard mortar in
accordance with EN 196-1:1994, adjusted to a flow diameter of (185 ± 3) mm as measured on the flow table
described in 5.5.2.1.2.
5.5.2 Composition and preparation of standard mortar
5.5.2.1 Laboratory and equipment
5.5.2.1.1 General
The laboratory, mixer, standard sand and water in accordance with EN 196-1:1994.
5.5.2.1.2 Flow table
The supporting frame (1) for the flow table (see Figure 7) shall be made of welded or cast steel and shall be stable
and free from any distortions. Figure 7 serves as basis for the dimensions of the profiles to be used. The width of
each supporting arm of the frame (1) shall be at least 140 mm on the base and at least 20 mm longer than the
diameter of the shaft (4) at the top (near the boss).
The steel cam (3) shall be located on the motor-driven axle (2) of the flow table. The steel axle shall rotate at a
constant velocity (1 rev .s-1) and is operated via a flexible clutch.
The cam shall lift the shaft (4) and the plate (5) together by (10,0 ± 0,2) mm once per second. The jolting apparatus
shall be switched off after 15 jolts.
21
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
The shaft (4) with a diameter of (22 ± 8) mm shall be made of stainless steel with a finely ground surface (maximum
coarseness 0,010 mm). A shaft foot (12) made of heat treatable steel with a length of (12,0 ± 0,1) mm and a
diameter of (10,0 ± 0,1) mm shall be attached to its lower end by means of an M8 thread. A tightened central
bearing (6) which supports a rigid (4,0 ± 0,1) mm thick polished stainless steel plate (5) (maximum
coarseness 0,0032 mm) with a diameter of (300 ± 1) mm shall be fastened to the shaft by an M16 thread or by a
secured fit (20,00 +00,,2010) mm.
The top of the cam (3) and the surface of the attached foot (12) of the shaft (4) shall be hardened to a Brinell
hardness of HBS 150 in accordance with EN 10003-1.
The rigidity of the plate (5) is increased:
a) by fastening the plate to the bearing (6), diameter 100 mm, by means of five M5 screws arranged 72° apart
and 37,5 mm from the centre. In addition, the lower surface of the stainless steel plate shall be subjected to a
uniform load by a turned metal ring, resistant to corrosion by mortar, with an outer diameter of 300 mm, an inner
diameter of 260 mm and a height of 5 mm. The ring (7) shall be fastened securely to the stainless steel plate by
six M5 countersunk screws, arranged 60° apart or,
b) alternatively, by means of three supporting arms radiating from the centre of the plate and arranged at an angle
of 120° to each other, which connect the central bearing to the edge of the plate. The ends of the supporting
arms form supporting surfaces which are horizontal and on a level with the central bearing. Each supporting
surface shall be fastened to the plate (5) by an M5 countersunk screw.
The contact surfaces between the plate (5), the bearing (6) and either the ring (7) or the supporting parts mentioned
in alternative b) shall be polished to a maximum coarseness of 0,0032 mm.
22
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Key
1 Frame
2 Axle
3 Cam
4 Shaft
5 Plate
6 Bearing
7 Ring
8 Boss
9 Mould
10 Hopper
11 Tamper
12 Shaft foot
Tolerances in accordance with ISO 2768-m.
Figure 7 – Flow table, cam and tamper
23
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
A circle with a diameter of 100 mm and a depth of 0,2 mm shall be engraved at the centre of the upper surface of
the stainless steel plate (5).
The stainless steel plate shall be horizontal in both the upper and lower shaft positions. The total weight of the shaft,
bearing, stainless steel plate and the means of stabilization shall be between 4,2 kg and 4,5 kg. (Where additional
weights are required for the alternative method (b) for stabilization, they shall be of equal weight and attached to the
lower surface of each supporting arm, being arranged symmetrically in relation to the centre of the plate).
The shaft guides shall have a clearance of between 0,05 mm and 0,1 mm. No stop to prevent rotation shall be
provided. Instead, the area of the cam and the part of the shaft in contact with it shall be designed with a degree of
precision which ensures that the table rotates not more than 60° during the 15 jolts.
The face of the cam (3) is a smooth spiralled curve of increasing radius which touches the shaft (4) after each
downward movement after rotating 120°. Contact between the cam and the shaft shall be ensured until each
following downward movement.
The shaft shall pass through two finely ground guide bushes (maximum coarseness 0,0100 mm) not less
than 50 mm apart, one being positioned directly above the other.
Alternatively, the shaft may be placed in a vertical tube with a finely ground inner surface (maximum coarse-
ness 0,0100 mm). In this case, the design of the shaft shall be such that it comes into contact continuously with not
more than two areas of the inside of the tube, these being not less than 50 mm apart.
In both cases, the area of the shaft in contact with the adjacent surface shall be between 25 cm2 and 35 cm2.
The shaft shall be able to fall unhindered and shall be kept clean. It shall be lubricated with a thin-bodied mineral
oil resistant to resinification. Contact between the plate of the table and the boss (8) on the frame (1) shall be
provided by means of a horizontal ring with a width of at least 5 mm.
There shall be neither fluid (oil, water) nor dust between the lower surface of the central bearing and the boss (8).
This may be aided by increasing the diameter of the guide bushings by 3 mm over a length of 5 mm, starting at the
boss (8).
The mould (9) and hopper (10) shall be made of metal resistant to corrosion by mortar (stainless steel, brass). The
lower and upper inner diameter and the height of the mould shall be adhered to within ± 0,5 mm. The minimum
thickness of the mould shall be 2,0 mm in order to avoid denting.
The flow table shall be screwed securely to a horizontal, firm and non-plastic base without the use of levelling aids.
For example, a concrete slab weighing not less than 50 kg is suitable.
All tolerances given above apply also to flow tables already in use.
The tamper (11) shall consist of a round rod made of an impermeable material with sheet metal protection and shall
weigh (250 ± 15) g.
5.5.2.1.3 Apparatus for measuring value of penetration
The plunger apparatus shall correspond to that shown in Figure 8.
The total mass of the measuring rod and the plunger shall be (90 ± 2) g. The fixing screw shall enable the
measuring rod to be set such that the distance between the lower end of the plunger and the upper surface of the
mortar (height of fall) prior to commencing the test (initial position) is (100 ± 1) mm.
The container shall be set in the base plate such that no additional centering is required.
The plunger shall have a hemispherical lower end, be resistant to corrosion and not attacked by mortar.
The tamper shall correspond to that shown in Figure 7.
24
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Key
1 Base plate
2 Support
3 Holder
4 Guide bushes
5 Fixing screw
6 A l u m i n i u m
measuring rod
(scale with 2 mm graduations)
7 Plunger
8 Container (with drip protection)
Figure 8 – Plunger apparatus for measuring the value of penetration
5.5.2.2 Mixing of mortar
Prepare the mortar by the procedure descriped in EN 196-1:1994 except that the water content shall be that
determined to give the consistence required.
If the required flow diameter (185 ± 3) mm is not achieved with the selected amount of water, determine the correct
amount of water by using other mixtures with different quantities of water. Weigh the water to the nearest 1 gram.
NOTE It is useful to draw a graph correlating the flow diameter with the quantity of water used. This
facilitates the determination of the required quantity of water.
5.5.2.3 Flow diameter
5.5.2.3.1 If the flow table has not been used during the hour prior to the test, jolt the empty table several times.
There shall be neither fluid nor dirt between the bearing (6), and the boss (8), see Figure 7.
25
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
5.5.2.3.2 In order to determine the flow diameter, place the mould in the centre of the clean, dry surface of the flow
table (see 5.5.2.1.2). Fill it with two layers of mortar during which operation holding the mould with the mounted
hopper firmly onto the plate with one hand in such a way that its edge coincides with the circle engraved on the
plate. Spread each layer of mortar by tamping it lightly ten times with the tamper (11 on Figure 7) so that the mould
is filled uniformly.
Remove the hopper without delay and strike off excess mortar. Clean the flow table and remove any water in the
proximity of the mould. After 10 s to 15 s have elapsed from the time the mortar has been struck off, lift the mould
slowly and vertically from the plate and spread the mortar by jolting the plate 15 times by switching on the motor set
at one jolt per second. Then measure the diameter of the pat with a calliper in two directions at right angles to one
another. Report the mean value of these measurements to 1 mm as the flow.
5.5.2.3.3 A flow table and its manner of operation shall not be regarded as satisfactory if a mean value of four
calibration tests performed with a suitable calibration material (specified is ASTM C 230-90, footnote 24)) deviates
from the desired value by more than 15 mm or if the standard deviation of the repeatability of the flow diameter,
determined on the basis of not less than six tests, is greater than 2 mm for a mean flow diameter of
approximately 185 mm.
5.5.3 Water demand for values of flow and penetration
The quantity of water in grams – water demand – required for a flow diameter of (185 ± 3) mm using a mortar mix
described in 5.5.2.2, shall be stated. In addition, the value of penetration, in millimetres, for the same mortar using
measured the plunger apparatus described in 5.5.2.1.3 shall be stated.
For measuring the value of penetration, place the mortar in the container described in 5.5.2.1.3 in two layers
exactly 2 min after the completion of the mixing operation. Spread each layer by tamping it 10 times with the tamper.
Remove excess mortar slowly with a sawing motion using a steel ruler held at a slant and then smooth it in the
same way. Avoid compaction of the mortar during this operation. Then place the mortar container in the base plate
with the plunger in its initial position. Loosen the fixing screw to release the drop device. Read off the value of
penetration in millimetres at the underside of the bevelled guide bush.
5.6 Water retention
5.6.1 Principle
The water retention of the fresh standard mortar prepared according to 5.5.2 is expressed as that percentage of
water which remains in the mortar after a short suction time on a filter paper.
5.6.2 Apparatus
a) Filter paper plate, 190 mm × 190 mm × 2 mm5).
b) Nonwoven tissue, 185 mm in diameter6).
c) Conical plastics ring, 140 mm smaller and 150 mm larger inside diameter, 12 mm in height.
d) Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0,1 g.
e) Steel straightedge.
f) Two plastics plates, 200 mm × 200 mm × 5 mm.
g) Micrometer.
4
) Such a material may be obtained from the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory at the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, DC 20234, USA.
5
) Information on sources of supply of these filter paper plates can be obtained from DIN Deutsches Institut für
Normung e.V., Burggrafenstraße 6, D-10787 Berlin.
6
) Information on sources of supply of this nonwoven tissue can be obtained from DIN Deutsches Institut für
Normung e.V., Burggrafenstraße 6, D-10787 Berlin.
26
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
5.6.3 Preparation of specimen material
Prepare the test mortar as described in 5.5.2.2. The apparatus, conditioning chamber and test room shall have a
temperature of (20 ± 2) °C. The relative humidity in the conditioning chamber and/or test room shall be higher
than 50 %.
5.6.4 Procedure
For determining the water retention, use a mortar of known water fraction (W1) prepared as in 5.6.3.
Use the test arrangement as shown in Figure 9. Weigh the dry filter plate together with one of the two plastics
plates (m4). Then place a piece of nonwoven tissue on the filter plate, the plastics ring, with its smaller opening
downwards, on top of this, and weigh the assembly (m5).
Commence testing 15 s after the mixing process has been completed, i. e. at the time when the mortar is poured
into the plastics ring.
Place the mortar into the plastics ring as quickly and uniformly as possible and level it with the straightedge
immediately. Following that, weigh the assembly again (m6), cover it with the second plastics plate and leave it to
stand for 5 min. Then invert the test arrangement and remove and weigh the lower plastics plate with the filter
plate (m7).
If the mass of water absorbed by the filter plate, W3 = m7 – m4, exceeds 10 g, repeat the test using two or more filter
plates, selecting the number of filter plates used, n, so that the ratio W3/ n ≤ 10 g.
Key
1 Plastics plate
2 Plastics ring
3 Test mortar
4 Filter plate(s)
5 Nonwoven tissue
Figure 9 – Test arrangement for determining the water retention of fresh mortar
5.6.5 Evaluation
Calculate the water retention (WRV) on the basis of the following formulae.
Calculate the water fraction of the test mortar (W1) from the equation.
27
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
m8
W1 (6)
m8 m9
where
W1 is the water fraction of the test mortar;
m8 is the total mass of water in fresh mortar, in grams;
m9 is the mass of dry mortar, in grams.
Calculate the water content of the mortar in the plastics ring (W22) from the equations
W2 m10 × W1 (7)
m10 m6 m5
where
W2 is the water content of the mortar in the plastics ring, in grams;
m10 is the mass of mortar in the plastics ring, in grams;
m5 is the mass of the plastics plate, filter plate, nonwoven tissue and plastics ring, in grams;
m6 is the mass of the plastics plate, filter plate, nonwoven tissue and plastics ring with mortar filling, in
grams.
Calculate the mass of water absorbed by the filter plate (W3) from the equation
W3 m7 m4 (8)
where
W3 is the mass of water absorbed by the filter plate, in grams;
m4 is the mass of the dry filter plate and the plastics plate, in grams;
m7 is the mass of the soaked filter plate and the plastics plate, in grams.
Calculate the relative loss of water from the mortar (W4) from the equation
W3
W4 × 100 (9)
W2
where
W4 is the relative loss of water from the mortar, in percent.
Calculate the water retention (WRV) as a percentage from the equation
WRV 100 W4 (10)
State the individual values and the mean of two individual values to the nearest 0,1 %.
5.7 Determination of air content
5.7.1 Apparatus
The air content of fresh mortar shall be measured by the pressure method using a preset test apparatus with a
capacity of 1 dm3 or 0,75 dm3.
The test apparatus shall have a pressure chamber in which a defined pressure is produced. By opening an overflow
valve a pressure balance is effected between the pressure chamber and the sample container (measuring vessel)
which is filled with fresh mortar. The drop in pressure is a measure of the air content in the fresh mortar. The air
content in the mortar shall be read from a calibration curve constructed according to 5.7.2.
28
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
5.7.2 Calibration of apparatus

5.7.2.1 General
The apparatus shall be calibrated at least every 6 months. A calibration curve has to be established between 0 %
and 25 % air content with intervals of 5 %. Each corrected value shall be calculated from the mean value of three
measurements according to the procedures described in 5.7.2.2 and 5.7.2.3.
5.7.2.2 Determination of the volume of the vessel
Determine the volume of the vessel, which during the test is filled with mortar, by determining the mass of clean
water at (20 ± 2) °C, which the vessel can contain. Weigh the empty vessel and a glass cover plate. Fill the vessel
completely and carefully cover it by sliding across a glass plate, leaving no air bubbles between the glass and the
water. Weigh the full vessel and plate and calculate the mass of water by difference.
5.7.2.3 Calibration method
Fill the vessel with clean water at (20 ± 2) °C. Fix the upper section of the apparatus onto the edge of the vessel
and fasten it securely. Fill the vessel with water by means of the filling tube until the water flows out of the tubes.
Close both valves. Increase the pressure in the pressure chamber exactly to the starting mark. Equalize the pressure
in the pressure chamber and vessel. Open the valve of the overflow tube (bent downwards) slightly.
NOTE The tube is fitted with an extension piece for this calibration procedure only.
The extension tube shall reach nearly to the bottom of the vessel. Drain off a sufficient quantity of water (10 ml
corresponds to about 1 % of air). The exact percentage depends on the volume of the vessel measured as in 5.7.2.2
(by mass or volume to 0,1 cm3). Read the air content indicated and continue the calibration with a newly built up
pressure in the pressure chamber, equalize the pressure, open the valve in the overflow tube, etc.
5.7.3 Preparation of test mortar
Prepare the test mortar as described in 5.5.2.2. Carry out the air content determination not less than 5 min after
mixing the test mortar. Carry out the test on two samples.
5.7.4 Procedure
Fill the measuring vessel with the mortar by means of a scoop up to about half height. To compact the mortar, raise
the vessel about 30 mm on alternate sides and allow it to fall on a solid rigid substrate a total of ten times. Then fill
the measuring vessel with additional mortar to the top edge and compact it in the same manner.
The amount of mortar subsequently added shall be such that mortar projects above the edge. Then skim this off with
a palette knife.
Attach the upper section of the test apparatus (gauge cylinder with fitting funnel) and fasten it securely.
Fill the remaining free volume in the vessel with water until all air above the specimen is displaced, which is
indicated by overflow through the overflow tube. Then close the valves and pump air until the pressure in the upper
part (pressure chamber) has reached the initial value. Correct too high a pressure with a special correction valve.
With the pressure equalized, read the air content from the air content gauge calibration curve, using the indicated
pressure.
5.7.5 Reporting of results
Report the air content as a percentage (mean value of two determinations) to the nearest 0,5 %.
5.8 Bulk density
5.8.1 Apparatus
The apparatus by which the bulk density is to be determined (see Table 1 and Figure 10) shall consist of a
cylindrical one litre vessel (1), a connecting piece (2) with a closure flap (3), and a hopper (4) with the sprung
closure lever (5) used for holding and releasing the closure flap. By operating the lever, the closure flap opens and
allows the sieved material contained in the hopper to fall into the one litre vessel.
29
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Table 1 – Dimensions of density apparatus
Part No Part name Dimension

1 1 litre vessel
Internal diameter d1: (87 ± 1) mm
Internal height h1: corresponding to filled contents
of 1 000 cm3, limit of error = ± 5 cm³
2 Connecting piece
Internal diameter d2: (87 ± 1) mm
Height h2: (135 ± 1) mm
4 Hopper
Internal diameter, bottom d3: (79 ± 1) mm
Internal diameter, top d4: (99 ± 1) mm
Height h3: (199 ± 1) mm
Key
1 Cylindrical 1 litre vessel
2 Connecting piece
3 Closure flap
4 Hopper
5 Closure lever
Figure 10 – Density apparatus
30
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
5.8.2 Procedure
Sieve the undried building limes through a 2,0 mm aperture wire sieve.
Crumble lumps of building lime as far as possible between the fingers and add them to the sieved material through
the sieve. Determine the amount of lumps which cannot be crushed between the fingers, and describe their nature
as far as possible, stating this in the test report.
Of the lime powder thus pretreated, pour sufficient into the hopper of the density apparatus with a shovel so that the
powder above the rim assumes its natural angle of repose. Now open the closure flap by operating the closure lever
on the hopper. After a waiting time of 2 min, remove the emptied hopper, skim off the amount of lime powder which
has run into the vessel and projects above the top edge with a ruler and determine the mass of the contents of the
vessel.
Carry out the test three times, in each case with a new lime powder, and if the resulting values deviate from one
another by more than 10 g, repeat it twice. Take the average of the three values which deviate from one another
least as the bulk density of the lime powder. Report the bulk density in kilograms per cubic decimetre.
5.9 Yield
5.9.1 Slaking vessel
The slaking vessel in which the yield is determined (see Figure 11) shall be a double walled vessel made of metal
not attacked by lime. The hollow space between the walls shall be filled with a thermal insulating material, e. g.
mineral wool. The dimensions of the actual internal slaking cylinder shall be such that each 2 mm of depth is
equivalent to a yield of 1 dm3 per 10 kg of quicklime.
The vessel shall be closed with a lid.
Key
1 Thermal insulating material
2 Inner cylinder
3 Outer cylinder
4 Lid
Figure 11 – Slaking vessel with lid
5.9.2 Procedure
First add (320 ± 1) ml of water at (20 ± 2) °C to the slaking vessel (Figure 11) and then pour in (200 ± 1) g of
quicklime. Crush lump lime (e. g. to a particle size of 5 mm).
Stir the mixture gently until slaking starts, and then add the additional water required, according to the slaking
properties of the lime, all at once. Stir the putty further for a short time and close the slaking vessel with the lid. After
being left to stand for about 24 h, remove the lid from the slaking vessel.
The water added during slaking has been chosen correctly if, 24 h after slaking, a small amount of water (up to a
31
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
maximum of 40 ml) has settled on the surface of the lime putty.

Determine the yield when the lime putty has separated from the walls of the vessel. For this, measure the height of
the lime putty. Use the mean value for four measurements for the evaluation. Each 2 mm in height of the putty
corresponds to a yield of 1 dm3 per 10 kg of quicklime.
5.10 Reactivity
5.10.1 General
Ground quicklime shall be tested for their reactivity on slaking by measuring the increase in temperature which
occurs on reaction with water as a function of the reaction time (wet slaking curve).
5.10.2 Apparatus
The apparatus shall consist of the six parts shown in Figure 12.
The weighing and feeding device shall be made of stainless steel (see Figure 15).
The test apparatus shall have a water equivalent of 200 J/K to 300 J/K.
32
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Key
1 Dewar vessel, 1 000 ml, internal diameter about 77 mm, internal height about 235 mm.
2 Stirrer motor, (300 ± 10) min-1 under load.
3 Stand and support
4 Blade stirrer made of suitable plastics7), diameter about 60 mm and thickness about 4 mm (see Figure 13).
5 Plastics lid with segment which can be opened, feed opening and bore for the thermometer, to fit the Dewar
vessel (see Figure 14).
6 Calibrated thermometer 0 °C to 100 °C with an accuracy of 0,5 °C and a high rate of response (adjustment
time from 20 °C to 60 °C less than 10 s). The penetration depth shall be about 160 mm from a suitable hole
on the top edge of the lid. A recorder for the temperature measurement is recommended.
Figure 12 – Apparatus for testing reactivity
7
) Other forms of stirrers may be used if they lead to equal results for reactivity.
33
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Figure 13 – Blade stirrer
34
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Key
1 Insulating layer
2 Polyethylene film
Figure 14 – Lid with a segment which can be opened and a hole for the thermometer
35
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Figure 15 – Weighing and feeding vessel

5.10.3 Sample preparation
Test a sample of about 0,5 kg.
To ensure that the sample corresponds to the product to be tested, store it in a tightly closing container. Absorption
of even small amounts of moisture influences the pattern of the wet slaking curve. Weigh out a quantity of
(150 ± 0,5) g for the individual test.
5.10.4 Procedure
Fill the Dewar vessel with (600 ± 1) g of distilled water at about 20 °C (T0), insert the thermometer and blade stirrer
and monitor the temperature as the blade stirrer runs at (300 ± 10) min-1; the temperature shall deviate from 20 °C
by not more than ± 0,5 °C. The lime sample shall also have a temperature of about 20 °C.
With the stirrer running, introduce the weighed quantity of sample all at once into the water by means of the feeding
vessel (Figure 15). This moment shall be considered to be the start of the test. Measure the slaking temperatures
after half a minute, after 1 min and then at intervals of 1 min up to a time of 10 min, and thereafter only at intervals
of 2 min.
With very reactive limes, measure the temperature at shorter intervals, since the reaction may be completed after
a few minutes.
Ensure that the contents of the vessel are thoroughly mixed completely throughout the entire duration of the test. For
limes which thicken severely, it may be necessary to increase the speed of the motor after a reaction temperature
of about 60 °C has been reached.
5.10.5 Evaluation
5.10.5.1 Reference procedure
Plot the measured temperature values (°C) as a function of time (minutes) to generate the wet slaking curve as
shown in Figure 16. The slaking reaction of the lime is assumed to be 100 % complete at the time when the
maximum temperature (T'max) has been reached. By way of example, this point is shown in Figure 16. The reactivity
of the lime shall be reported as the time (tu) required for the reaction to be 80 % complete. The temperature Tu is
defined as the temperature in °C at which the reaction is 80 % complete and is calculated using equation (11).
Tu (0,8 × T )
max (0,2 × T0) , in degrees Celsius (11)
Having calculated Tu , the value of tu shall be determined from the wet slaking curve as shown in Figure 16.
The fineness of the lime sample and the maximum temperature Tmax shall also be reported. Tmax is calculated in °C
from the observed maximum temperature (T'max) corrected for the water equivalent using equation (12).
36
EN 459-2:2001 (E)
Tmax (1,1 × T )
max 2 , in degrees Celsius (12)
Equation (12) is only valid if the apparatus has a water equivalent of (200 to 300) J/K.
5.10.5.2 Alternative procedure
Plot the measured temperature values in °C as a function of time in min (wet slaking curve, Figure 16).
The result is expressed as the time t necessary to reach the required temperature T. For instance, if th required
temperature is 60 °C, t60 in min will be the result.
Figure 16 – Example of a wet slaking curve
5.11 Free water

5.11.1 Principle
When a sample is heated to 105 °C, the free water escapes. The loss in mass at this temperature is designated as
moisture wF, expressed as a percentage by mass.
5.11.2 Procedure
Weigh about 5 g of the sample to ± 0,1 mg in a weighing glass and dry to constant mass (as a rule for about 2 h)
at (105 ± 5) °C in a drying cabinet and transfer immediately to a desiccator containing a drying agent (e. g.
magnesium perchlorate). After cooling, determine the decrease in mass.
5.11.3 Evaluation
Calculate the moisture content as the content by mass wF, in percent, from the following equation:
m11 m12
wF × 100
m11
where
wF is the moisture content by mass, in percent;
m11 is the mass of the sample before drying, in grams;
m12 is the mass of the sample after drying, in grams.
37
38
blank
BS EN 459−2:2001
National annex NA (informative)
Table NA.1 gives reference to additional methods of preparation and testing of lime
products specified in other European and British standards.
Table NA.1 — Additional sample preparation and test methods for lime
Method Product Reference

applicability 1) standard
Preparation of samples for testing Q, H, M BS 6463–101:1996
Residual carbon dioxide Q, H, M EN 12485
BS 6463–102
Water soluble CaO or Ca(OH)2 Q, H, M EN 12485
Water-insoluble constituents Q, H, M EN 12485
Calcium oxide content Q, H, M EN 12485
Magnesium oxide content Q, H, M EN 12485
HCl extractable fluoride Q, H, M BS 6463–102
Insoluble in acetic acid Q, H, M BS 6463–102
Loss on ignition Q, H, M BS 6463–102
Neutralizing value Q, H, M BS 6463–102
Free water H, M EN 12485
Free water (CaC2 technique) H, M BS 6463–102
Total sulfur Q, H, M BS 6463–102
Mg, Si, Al, Fe, Mn by AAS 2) Q, H, M EN 12485
Mg, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Ag, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Q, H, M BS 6463–102
Co, by AAS 2)
Mg, Si, Al, Fe, S, Mn by ICP–OES 2) Q, H, M EN 12485
Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, by AAS 2) Q, H, M EN 12485
(graphite tube technique)
Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, by ICP–OES 2) Q, H, M EN 12485
Pb by F–AAS 2) Q, H, M BS 6463–102
(+ solvent extraction)
As, Sb, Se by AAS 2) Q, H, M EN 12485
(hydride technique)
Hg by AAS 2) Q, H, M EN 12485
(cold–vapour technique)
Particle size distribution Q, H BS 6463–103:1999
(by air–jet sieving)
Wet sieving M EN 12485
Particle density Q, H BS EN 196–6:1995
Specific surface area H BS 6463–103:1999
Workability M BS 6463–103:1999
1)
Q = quicklime, H = hydrated lime, M = milk of lime and lime putty
2)
AAS = atomic absorption spectrometry
F–AAS = flame–atomic absorption spectrometry
ICP–OES - inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry
39
BS EN
459-2:2001
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BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

The European Standard EN 459-2:2001 has the status of a

— aid enquirers to understand the text;

— present to the responsible international/European committee any

A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on

— BS EN 459-2:2001, Building lime — Part 2: Test methods.

— BS EN 459-3:2001, Building lime — Part 3: Conformity evaluation,

BS EN 459-3:2001 specifies detailed requirements for evaluating the

This British Standard, having

Amendments issued since publication

© BSI 13 September 2002

ISBN 0 580 38227 3

The test methods described in this standard are required by BS EN 459-1:2001.

© BSI 13 September 2002 i

ICS 91.100.10 Supersedes EN 459-2:1994

Building lime - Part 2: Test methods

Chaux de construction - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai Baukalk - Teil 2: Prüfverfahren

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2001.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

5 Physical tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . 11

This European Standard supersedes EN 459-2:1994.

Opposite to EN 459-2:1994 the following modifications are presented:

– editorial changes were made and minor mistakes corrected

– vibrating table from EN 196-1:1994 was over taken

European Standard EN 459 consists of the following Parts:

Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria;

All measurements are in millimetres.

EN 196-1:1994, Methods of testing cement – Part 1: Determination of strength.

EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement – Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement.

EN 196-6:1989, Methods of testing cement – Part 6: Determination of fineness.

EN 10003-1, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test – Part 1: Test method.

ISO 383, Laboratory glassware – Interchangeable conical ground joints.

3.2 Sampling of powdered material

Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 196-7.

3.3 Sampling of granular material

Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with EN 932-1.

3.4 Sampling lime putties

The spot sample size shall be (10 ± 5) dm3.

4.1.1 Number of tests

4.1.2 Expression of masses, volumes, factors and results

The results of all individual tests shall be recorded.

4.1.3 Blank determinations

4.1.5 Evaluation of test results

WT = loss on ignition (m/m %) – carbon dioxide content (m/m %)

Calculate the factor F from the following equation:

F = 100 / (100 – WT)

4.2 Calcium and magnesium oxide (CaO + MgO)

4.3 Magnesium oxide (MgO)

Determine the (MgO) content using the method given in EN 196-2.

4.4 Carbon dioxide (CO2)

4.4.1 Reference method

4.4.2 Volumetric determination of carbon dioxide (alternative method)

The apparatus is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 – Kleine apparatus for determination of carbon dioxide

4,397 (V1 V2) of measurement

if 0,1 g of CaCO3 is weighed out for the calibration.

The meanings of the symbols correspond to those given in 4.4.2.5.

4.6 Sulfate (SO3)