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C Programming Concepts

This document discusses the C preprocessor and its directives. It covers typedef, macros, stringizing and token pasting operators, preprocessor symbols, and conditional compilation directives like #if, #ifdef, #ifndef, #elif, #else, and #undef. The goal is to introduce common preprocessor concepts and show examples of how they can be used.

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rishabh
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139 views17 pages

C Programming Concepts

This document discusses the C preprocessor and its directives. It covers typedef, macros, stringizing and token pasting operators, preprocessor symbols, and conditional compilation directives like #if, #ifdef, #ifndef, #elif, #else, and #undef. The goal is to introduce common preprocessor concepts and show examples of how they can be used.

Uploaded by

rishabh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Computing Training School

(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
Advancement

C Programming Concepts
C-DAC/ACTS

Kaushal Kishor Sharma


Advanced Computing Training School ( ACTS )
CDAC, Pune
Welcome
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
Advancement

typedef:
typedef int INT;
typedef unsigned int UI;
typedef int * IP; IP ptr;
C-DAC/ACTS

typedef struct Student


{ char name[20];
int rollNo;
float accBal;
}record;
record stud1, stud2;
record *ptr;
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
Advancement

typedef int INT;


unsigned INT a; // wrong

typedef struct student sType;


struct sType; // wrong
C-DAC/ACTS

typedef struct {
tnt member1;
float member2;
}newType;
newType var1, var2;
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
Advancement

int fadd(int, int);


typedef int (*ptype)( int, int);
ptype pf1, pf2;
pf1=fadd; pf1(10,20);

typedef int (*arrayPtr) [5];


C-DAC/ACTS

arrayPtr aptr1;

typedef void (*fptr) (int a, void (*) (float *));


fptr fp1;
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
1
Advancement

Preprocessor:
#defie
#define MAX 100
#define SIZE 10
#define AND &&
C-DAC/ACTS

#define BEGIN int main(void) {


#define END }
#define NEWLINE printf(“\n”);
#define INFINITE while(1);
#define MSG “hello world”;
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
2
Advancement

Preprocessor:
#parameterized Macros
#define MUL(a,b) ((a) * (b))
#define MINVAL(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define ISLOWER(ch) (ch>=97 && ch<=122)
C-DAC/ACTS

#define MUL(a,b) a*b // it can create prob


#define SQRT(a) a*a // it can create prob

MUL(1+2, 2+3);
SQRT(a++);
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
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3
Advancement

Preprocessor:
#Nested Macros
#define ISLOWER(ch) (ch>=97 && ch <= 122)
#define ISUPPER(ch) (ch >= 65 && ch <=90)
#define ISALPHA(ch) ISLOWER(ch) || ISUPPER(ch)
C-DAC/ACTS
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
4
Advancement

#define SWAP(type, a, b) {type t ; t=a; a=b ; b=t ;}


Int main()
{
int x=10, y=20;
SWAP(int, x,y);
C-DAC/ACTS

printf(“x=%d y=%d”, x,y);


}
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
Advancement

Preprocessor:
#Geieric Fuictioi
C-DAC/ACTS
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
5
Advancement

#define SQRT(FNAME, DTYPE) \


DTYPE FNAME(DTYPE X) \
{ \
return X*X; \
}
SQRT(sqrt_int, int)
C-DAC/ACTS

SQRT(sqrt_float, float)
SQRT(sqrt_double, double)
int main()
{ printf("%d\n", sqrt_int(10));
printf("%f\n", sqrt_float(10.1));
printf("%lf\n", sqrt_double(10.12));

}
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
Advancement

Preprocessor:
-Tokei Pastiig Operator(##)
-Striigiziig Operator(#)
C-DAC/ACTS
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
6
Advancement

#define CONCAT(a,b) a##b


#define PRINT(var,format) printf(#var"=%"#format"\n", var);

int main()
{
int ab=20;
C-DAC/ACTS

char str[]="abcde";
printf("a##b = %d\n",CONCAT(a,b));
(CONCAT(print,f))("vlaue of ab is %d\n", ab);
PRINT(ab,d);
PRINT(str,s);
}
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
Advancement

Preprocessor:
-Preprocessor Symbols
C-DAC/ACTS
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
7
Advancement

int main()
{
printf("File name: %s\n", __FILE__);
#line 1000
printf("On line no.: %d\n", __LINE__);
printf("Inside function: %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
C-DAC/ACTS

printf("Compiled at: %s\n", __TIMESTAMP__);


printf("Compiled on: %s\n", __DATE__);
printf("Executed at: %s\n", __TIME__);
}
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
Advancement

Preprocessor:
-Coiditioial compilatioi
#if
#ifdef - if defied
#ifidef - if iot defied
C-DAC/ACTS

#elif - else if
#else
#uidef
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(ACTS)
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8
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#define ARCH_32
#define FLAG 1
int main()
{ #ifdef ARCH_32
printf("this is for 32 bit\n");
#else
C-DAC/ACTS

printf("this is for 16 bit\n");


#endif
#if FLAG==1
printf("FLAG is true\n");
#else
printf("FLAG is flase\n");
#endif
}
Advanced Computing Training School
(ACTS)
Advanced Computing for Human
Advancement

Preprocessor directive :
- avoid multiple time iiclusioi of a
siigle header fle

#ifidef
C-DAC/ACTS

#eidif

#pragma oice
Some time after applyiig this all to our header fles, still same problem comes, thei ii
case compile header fles ( eg gcc -c test.h, gcc -c a.h, gcc -c b.h)

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