Journal of research in engineering and its applications

Vol. 1, Issue. 2, (2018), pp. 174-186

Improving The Safety In VANET Using Intelligent

Transportation System(ITS)
jaanvi1 and Karima2

1
Master of Technology, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College of
Engineering & Technology, India
1
Email id: [email protected]

2
Assistant Professor (SL.G), Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi College
of Engineering &Technology, India
2
Email id: [email protected]

Abstract
Streets over-burden scraps a basic issue while they are constantly expanded to broaden their ability
and upgrade their adequacy. This is probably going to cause numerous inconveniences with the end goal that
naturally, fiscally and socially. The advance of urban activity administration frameworks, structure and
improvement of streets are answers for address this issue and show signs of improvement the execution of the
street transmission, however these arrangements are expensive and furthermore require more space for the
foundation and enduring support. A substitute is utilize the novel advancements in the field of correspondence
for dispatch movement data, for example, unsafe street conditions and mishap destinations and furthermore
vehicles leaves cautioning message to the crisis vehicles. In this paper, we display a VANET structure to stay
away from movement blockage and furthermore different vehicles in the system are cautioned of moving crisis
vehicles. The crisis vehicles get the detail data about the crisis vehicle and extra course data. The driver will
make conceivable right move auspicious by accepting itemized data. This sort of uses protects the lives and
spare the valuable time.

Keywords: VANET, Traffic, crisis caution, street blockage alarm

1.INTRODUCTION

Transportation assumes a fundamental part in the money related and social advancement
and can be a powerful impetus for extension. By and by, the immense number of vehicles
surpassing the size if the streets cause numerous issues, particularly as far as street wellbeing, and
blow f time and pollution. A standout amongst the most vital issues is movement clog, and this
represents a basic disable for the street transport framework. Bottleneck out and about is the state
in which the energy of the foundation is insufficient to control the stream because of the expanded
number of clients causing a circle log jam in street activity. This scene is recognized by the
deterioration of the nature of administration, exercise in futility, push issues for clients, minimized
profitability, expanded vitality utilization and expanded contamination. All things considered,
arrive transportation is the most utilized methods for transportation, which exhibit the exponential
improvement in the quantity of vehicles consistently, especially around the local area territories,
which makes the street framework and the techniques for movement administration strange. Crisis
vehicles, for example, ambulances, fire-juggernaut and watch autos are particular to respond to a
crisis condition. Along these lines, achieving their goal of crisis state at the earliest opportunity is
the noteworthy concern. Accept an emergency vehicle land at the place of a mishap put so rescue

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Vol. 1, Issue. 2, (2018), pp. 174-186

vehicle setting off to the clinic conveying a harmed individual who requires therapeutic
administration. At the point when the fire began, fire-juggernaut which touches base at the place on
ideal time. A watch auto which needs to achieve where a wrongdoing has quite recently been
reported. In each of the three situations, the perfect time expected to arrive their goal has make
gigantic contrast and furthermore ensure human lives and time moreover. In worry to arrive their
goal as would be prudent, the crisis vehicles portray priority over the typical vehicles out and about
and are oftentimes permitted by law to soften conventional street governs up request to arrive their
goals in the rapidly workable time, such as driving through an intersection when the activity flag
light is red, or over as far as possible, as in the European nations and America. In a writing review
different VANET steering conventions interface the portable client for spreading the message en
route for canny and safe transportation framework. The testing assignment of finding and keeping
up the course and convey the data in ideal time and right goal. In IEEE 802.11p convention
standard help correspondence vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to a server through the ITS band of
5.9GHz (5.85-5.925 GHz)[1] &[2]. IEEE 802.11p MAC covers Carrier Sense Multiple
Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency
Division Multiple Access (FDMA). CSMA/CA which sense the channel is perfect it transmit else it
pick the irregular back-off schedule vacancy from Contention Window. The draw of CSMA/CA is
an erratic deferral of channel get to and concealed terminal issue happened without utilizing of
bundle RTS/CTS, which prompts the high rate of parcel crash. The Space Division Multiple Access
(SDMA) separates the street into cells and allocate the opening for every cell. Amid the low
thickness it squanders the data transfer capacity and it decreases the system use [3]. To dodge the
issue another IEEE 802.11p MAC TDMA used to assign the schedule opening every vehicle to
exchange the parcel. Dole out the space through the Road Side Unit (RSU) or Cluster Head (CH)
which increment the upkeep of brought together unit and can happen the consolidation crash.
Decentralizedly distribute the space to every vehicle diminish the overhead of support cost,
however it expands the entrance impact [4]. Decentralized ADHOC MAC trade the casing space
data to one-bounce neighborhood. What's more, new passage vehicle obtains the space from
accessible opening. The disadvantage of ADHOC MAC not suited for two-way movement since it
doesn't deal with the impact shirking plan [5]. IEEE 1609.3 spreads the topology based directing
convention and position based steering convention. The position based directing convention gets
the goal position data by GPS or trade of a reference point message rather than keep up the steering
table. In Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) convention forward the parcel from source to
goal. To begin with, it takes after the voracious forward to pick the closest neighbor of goal inside
the transmission go else it take after the organizer diagram to forward the bundle from source to
goal. Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) convention finds the most limited way by the Dijkstra
calculation between source to goal and an arrangement of intersection over the road delineate. In
Greedy Perimeter Coordinator Routing (GPCR) has no need of road outline it require road and
intersection data and take after the limited insatiable to exchange the parcel to hub on the
intersection and not forward the Crossway of intersection [6]. Vehicle position, speed, heading
required for the crash shirking plan and wellbeing application. Joined States Department of
Transportation (USDOT) bolsters occasion driven message which produced when any perilous
condition recognized and an intermittent message contain vehicle speed, position, heading which is
utilized for security application and crash expectation application [7] and [8].

2. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) examines the information exchange and support
Basic Safety Message for V2V various safety applications. It has different system such as Road
Side Unit (RSU) may be a traffic signal controller, traffic management center and vehicle. The
vehicle may be light vehicle, freight vehicle, transit vehicle and emergency vehicle which are
illustrated in figure 1.

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Vol. 1, Issue. 2, (2018), pp. 174-186

Rode Side Vehicles

Infrasturcture

Other
infrastructure

Figure 1: Intelligent Transportation Model for safety application

Astute Transportation System (ITS) analyzes the data trade and bolster Basic Safety
Message for V2V different wellbeing applications. It has diverse framework, for example, Road
Side Unit (RSU) might be a movement flag controller, activity administration focus and vehicle.
The vehicle might be light vehicle, cargo vehicle, travel vehicle and crisis vehicle which are
delineated in figure 1.

In vehicle correspondence, at first in our model crisis vehicle transmission the alarm
message to every close-by vehicle. The send message having the common highly sensitive
situation vehicle pEV. To each crisis vehicle concede a main for particular is specifed by hEV. We
make utilization of the halfway course of a crisis vehicle is shown by REV. The length M of
restricted course relies upon the ready time frame time1-1m. So by utilizing this time1 is the
adequate time to grab an appropriate activity by the driver. The ideal incentive for time1 must be
built up by field tests and client contemplates. The speed sEV and sRN of the EV and a getting hub
likewise impact m if a given time1 is to be met. sEV is known at the EV, we evaluate the relative
speed between the two vehicles as 2*sEV. At that point the length m of REV can be ascertained as
m=max {2 *sEV * time1; Damon}? ? . (1)

A base m is characterized by mmin to ensure that REV is of powerful length,

notwithstanding when the EV is stopped or driving moderate bit by bit. By and by we utilize
dmin=400m. Broadcasting delay is relied upon to be irrelevant as opposed to the extra parameters
and is, consequently, certainly demonstrated in(1).

Presently, REV can be either encoded as a rundown of geographic waypoints or as a

rundown of hub ids, which allude to components of a particular guide. The last is more productive,
yet requires that a similar guide material is accessible at all hubs. Also, a 4-digit code is
incorporated into notice messages that give data on the hierarchical sort of the EV (e.g., watch,
emergency vehicle, fire-juggernaut), the extent of the EV (e.g., auto, truck), and uncommon
properties (e.g., trailer). This EV code gives more exact notices that empower different drivers to
recognize the crisis vehicle less demanding and respond legitimately. Distinguish the procedures as
P for looking through the closest hubs,
P= {Set of processes} P = {P1, P2, P3, p4}
In the case of (looking) at that point
P1 = {e1, e2, e3, e4, e5}
Where
{e1= locate the current position}
{e2= figure speed}

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Vol. 1, Issue. 2, (2018), pp. 174-186

{e3= discover the route}

{e4= discover the closest nodes}
{e5= discover the Distance between the closest nodes}

FFD = Fix Forward Distance

BFD = Fix Backward Distance

Parameter Distance between two hubs n1, n2

Where to position of n1 = p1(x1,y1) and position of n2= p2 (x2,y2)
Separation = ?(?(x1-x2)?^2+?(y1-y2)?^2 )
Closest neighbor can be ascertained as separation < closest neighbor limit Here, the crisis vehicle,
sending a notice message between settle forward separation and in reverse forward separation. So
the other vehicle driver made the right move. By utilizing this system, crisis vehicle to achieve
their goal however much ahead of schedule as could be expected

Skeleton of the Broadcast calculation on the sender side:

# Generate another message ID if necessary

In the event that (separate (previous_location, current_location) >500)
Or on the other hand (previous_time - current_time > 10)
Or on the other hand (previous_road ??current_road)
Or on the other hand (previous_lane ??current_lane)
At that point message_id ??Generate_New_Message_ID()
END IF
# Prepare the bundle
Packet??New_TC4EV_Packet (message_id, need, current_location, current_velocity,
current_direction, current_road, current_lane, next_road_1, next_road_2, next_road_3)
Send_Packet (bundle).

ALGORITHM FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLE DECISION CONTROL:

Start Algorithm A source communicates Emergency message inside the VANET.

While accepting Emergency message by a vehicle:

Cardist=dist(*carpath[0])
Ambudist=dist(*ambupath[0])
In the event that (carseg== ambuseg) at that point
PassMsg("To change path , the emergency vehicle is behind you")
Transmit metric data vehicle
Else if (cardest==ambudest) at that point
PassMsg ("Please change your direction")
Transmit metric data vehicle
Else

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PassMsg (" Ambulance behind you adhere to your arrangement")

Transmit metric data vehicle
End if
End if
On the off chance that (carseg!=ambuseg && cardest==ambudest) at that point
PassMsg ("Inform the driver to remain same path, however back off to release the emergency
vehicle first")
End
in the event that End
Process p2 for forward the elective way message to keep away from the street clog.
Process p2 = {e1, e2, e3}
{e1 = thickness of vehicle on the road}
{e2= speed of vehicle on the road}
{e3 = bury separate between the vehicle}

In the event that a mishap happened, work in advance or the street is blocked, movement
clog can happen. The blockage of street estimated by the weighted parameter as speed of vehicle
and separation of vehicles. Activity administration predicts the blockage and sends the other way
message to stay away from the clog Number of vehicles out and about fragment nj. Normal speed
of vehicle out and about fragment.

Versus = ?(1/n_j ?_(i=1)^(n_j)??1/vi)??^(- 1)

The Interspace Vsp between the vehicles. Where S speed is security speed of vehicles out and
about
Vsp = 1/n_j (?_(i=1)^(n_j)??length(vehicle i)+?_(i=1)^(n_j)?speed(vehiclei)/S_speed ?)
The Density K of vehicle out and about fragment and where Vsp is an interspace between vehicles
K = 1/Vsp
The thickness K on the length L out and about fragment at given time at t1 is equivalent to the
opposite of normal space of n vehicle
K(L, t1) = n/L = 1/(V_s (t_1))
The stream Q is various vehicles going in the specific street fragment.
Q = KV where K is the thickness and V is speed
Q= 1/Vsp
In the event that Flow Q < Threshold blockage happened, it communicates the elective way
message along the street.
The stream and thickness relationship outlined in figure 2.

Max Flow
Flow

Jam
Density

Density
Figure 2: Relationship between density and flow of vehicle

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On the off chance that Flow Q (Vi) < Threshold

# Prepare the parcel
Parcel ?? New_TC5CC_Packet (message_id, need, current_location, current_velocity,
current_direction, current_road) Send_Packet (bundle)
Calculation FOR CONGESTION DECISION CONTROL:
Start Algorithm B source communicates Congestion Control inside the VANET. While getting
Congestion Control by a vehicle V1 On the off chance that Vehicle V1 inside RSU extend
Communicate straightforwardly
Else
It finds the course from source V1 to goal RSU
RSU communicate the elective way choice along the street
P3 = Lane changes cautioning of the infinitesimal model of the two-way path movement

Table 1:

SYMBOL DEFINITION
Time step in [s]

Front distance Expected inter-distance between i and j+1

after the lane change in [m]
Back distance Expected inter-distance between i and j-1
After the lane change in[m]
Safe distance at highway

Safe inter-distance between i and j-1 vehicle

if on the same lane in[m]
Safe inter-distance between i and j+1 vehicle
if on the same lane in[m]
Vmax Maximum velocity in [m/s]
Vmin Minimum velocity in [m/s]
des
V Desired or targeted velocity in [m/s]
Vsafe Safe velocity in [m/s]
Symbol Definition
Time step in [s]

Front distance Expected inter-distance between i and j+1

after the lane change in [m]
Back distance Expected inter-distance between i and j-1
After the lane change in[m]
Safe distance at highway

Safe inter-distance between i and j-1 vehicle

if on the same lane in[m]

Symbol Definition
?t Time advance in [s]
Front distance Expected between separate amongst I and j+1 after the path change in [m]
Back distance Expected between remove amongst I and j-1
After the path change in[m]
??xi?^safe Safe remove at roadway

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Vol. 1, Issue. 2, (2018), pp. 174-186

?(?_(xj-1)^safe&(v_(j-1) ) ) Safe between remove amongst I and j-1 vehicle if on a similar

path in[m]
?(?_(xj-1)^safe&(v_(j+1) ) ) Safe between remove amongst I and j+1 vehicle if on a similar
path in[m]
Vmax Maximum speed in [m/s]
Vmin Minimum speed in [m/s]
Vdes Desired or focused on speed in [m/s]
Vsafe Safe speed in [m/s]

The blend of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and remote correspondence
bolster the security application. Point of wellbeing application mitigates the vehicular crash and
increment the activity course through the trading of street condition data [9] and [10]. Drive
regularly misconstrues the separation, speed of on-coming vehicles when they overwhelming. The
Lane Change Warning (LCW) application cautions the driver who performs path change when it is
hazardous and anticipate the speed of remote vehicle. Vehicle I need to change the path, it needs to
discover to locate the most extreme development of following vehicles in the diverse path [11] and
[12]. As indicated by the Pipe's manage safe separation planned in condition (1)
??xi?^safe (vi)= L + T. vi + ?.?vi?^2 (1)

Where L is a Length of the vehicles, T is response time on the interstate, ? is a modifying

parameter work on deceleration to keep up safe distance,??.vi?^2 breaking separation.
At the point when ?=0 breaking separation amongst following and driving vehicle are equivalent.
It takes after the between remove with the accompanying vehicle j-1 at most extreme speed at
whenever stamp. The separation between bury vehicle takes after condition (2) which needs the
present safe between remove with driving vehicle's security, expanded in the event that it would
achieve the coveted speed and the condition (3) and (4) clarifies between separate between vehicle
I and j+1, j-1 would not abuse wellbeing and stay away from the mishap on a similar path which is
shown in figure (3).

?(?vi?^des&> ?xi,i+1) (2)

?(?xi,j+1 or lead separate >&?(?_(xj+1)^safe&(v_(j+1) ) )) (3)
?(?xi,j-1 or take after separation >&?(?_(xj-1)^safe&(v_(j-1) ) )) (4)
v_(j-1, i)^max take after separation ?xj-1,i ?xi, j+1 lead remove
Lane1 j-1 j+1
Path 2 I i+1
?xi,i+1

follow distance xi, j+1 lead distance

Lane1 j-1 j+1

Lane 2 i i+1

Figure 3: Safe Inter-Distance for Land Change

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P4 = Emergency Break Warning message Every auto has a vehicle to vehicle specialized
gadgets, for example, ITRI WAVE/DSRC(IWCW) is a radio correspondence framework [13]. ITRI
has an Advanced Driving Assistant framework (ADAS) which incorporate Lane Deviation
Warning System (LDWS), Front Warning Collision System (FWCS) and Blind Spot Detection
System (BSDS) are produced on System on Chip (SoC) [14] and [15]. Every auto can
communicate the Basic Safety Message (BSM) to caution the neighbor's auto which is shown in
figure 4 (a), (b), and (c).

C B A

Driver unaware View blocked by non DSRC vehicle Emergency braking

Figure 4(a): Heavy break situation

C B A

Collision
Figure 4(b): Without EBW

C B A

EBW received EBW sent

Figure 4(c): With EBW

Figure 4(a) brake lights are difficult to see if there is blocking the vehicle in between. (b)
Without EBW the driver of vehicle C has no time to react to the delayed braking of vehicle 2. (c)
With EBW, vehicle C is informed about the braking vehicle A before the driver of vehicle b has
begun braking. A vehicle equipped with an IWCW system with consist of image detection,
recognition module to collect the vehicle type, color and speed, GPS used to understand the car
position information , User Interface (UI) responsible to display warning condition which is
connected with IWCW device with Wi-Fi , accelerometer(G-sensor) or On Bosrd Diagnostics -II
used for detecting the emergency braking. An IWCW system broadcast BSM with vehicle type,
color, speed, license plate information, vehicle list, current position and emergency message
periodically broadcast nearby vehicle. The Licensed plate comparison technology is to collect
information on vehicle type, color and speed from camera to improve the position accuracy. The
vehicle list contains vehicle information about same lane and the adjacent lane. Thus the vehicle
list construction module in the IWCW system adds the license plate information of the front
vehicle to BSM. Thus the front vehicle’s emergency brake warning information sent back to the car
in the same lane not in the different lane which is illustrated in figure 5.

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Algorithm

Vehicle list Construction Braking Warning

Module BSM UI G-sensor/OBD-II

License plate comparision NMLA

Kernel
IEEE 802.11p/ IEEE 1609 drivers Linux 2.6 OS

UI
GPS, DSRC, Camera, G-sensor, OBD-II

Figure 5: IWCW architecture

Crisis Brake cautioning show:

IWCW communicate BSM contain tag of front vehicle, vehicle shading, type, speed,
current position, vehicle list Tag correlation, constantly gather the data from camera and tag of the
front vehicle Refresh vehicle list On the off chance that crisis braking signal arrived the Check flag
harsh.

RESULT
The performance metrics is analysed such factors like end to end delay, packet delivery
ratio, energy consumption, normalized routing over head.

Packet delivery Ratio:

Figure 6. Packet Delivery Ratio

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Vol. 1, Issue. 2, (2018), pp. 174-186

Mobility AODV MOVE VADD ITSEBW

2 89 90 91 94
4 84 85 86 90
6 79 81 82 87
8 73 77 80 83
10 70 74 78 81
12 69 72 74 79

Table 2 . Packet delivery ratio

End to End delay:

Figure7. End to end delay

Mobility AODV MOVE VADD ITSEBW

2 1.41 1.32 1.12 1.08
4 1.72 1.38 1.27 1.19
6 2.03 1.49 1.39 1.26
8 2.24 1.58 1.47 1.38
10 2.38 1.73 1.67 1.46
12 2.41 1.89 1.84 1.67
Table 3. End to end delay
Normalized Routing Over Head:

Figure 8. Normalized routing over head

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Mobility AODV MOVE VADD ITSEBW

2 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.2
4 3.4 2.6 2.3 1.4
6 5.8 3.7 2.9 1.9
8 6.9 4.9 3.8 2.6
10 7.6 5.7 4.6 3.9
12 8.2 6.4 5.7 4.8

Table 4 .Normalized routing over head

Energy Consumption:

Figure 9. Energy consumption

Mobility AODV MOVE VADD ITSEBW

2 4.6 4.1 3.2 2.4
4 9.2 7.6 6.7 5.7
6 13.4 10 9.1 7.9
8 18.1 13.1 12.4 10.4
10 20.6 16.4 14.7 13.4
12 23.7 19.5 18.2 15.3

Table 4. Energy consumption

CONCLUSION
In this paper, we investigate a novel technique to prevent and reduce the traffic congestion
in urban areas. Unlike using a road pricing scheme over a small zone in a city, we propose to
employ a road pricing system over the entire city. Thus, our road pricing system is able to control
the traffic flow over the entire the traffic network of the city. The crisis vehicles get the detail data
about the crisis vehicle and extra course data. The driver will make conceivable right move
auspicious by accepting itemized data.

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