1 Language summary

VOCABULARY

Nouns friendly Other

accomplishment helpful accomplish
advice inflexible bother
background modest brag
belief outgoing can't stand
entrepreneur (un)predictable find
marriage (un)reliable get (angry/annoyed)
play-date sensitive go out (with)
respect serious have (a sense of humor/in common/
roommate steady fun [with])
sense of humor stingy hope
stubborn improve
Pronouns supportive keep (up with)
herself temperamental make (friends)
himself pursue
someone Other
remove
something close (friend)
suit
endless
Adjectives treat (someone to dinner)
ideal
Personalities Adverb
direct Verbs anytime
easygoing Modals
egotistical can Preposition
encouraging should during (a movie)
would

EXPRESSIONS
Expressing likes and dislikes Asking for more information Expressing agreement and
What kind of . . . do you like? What else? disagreement
I like people who/that . . . For me, . . .
Complaining
I’d like someone who/that . . . I think . . .
I can’t stand it when . . .
I like/love (it when) . . . I agree.
It annoys/bothers/upsets me when
I don’t mind it when . . . I’m not sure I agree.
. . .
It makes me happy when . . . I feel the same way.
I hate it when . . .

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Nouns tycoon outspoken

Jobs/Occupations/Careers veterinarian rewarding
(guidance) counselor social
Other
(software) developer stimulating
(dis)advantage
(marketing) director straightforward
computer wizard
doctor stressful
field (of research)
entrepreneur tedious
greenhouse
environmentalist tiny
guest list
fashion designer (job) lead Verbs
firefighter membership be worth
flight attendant perk earn
game tester stability make up for
hairstylist startup picture
intern volunteer work seem
(freelance) journalist widower sound
(project) manager
train
mayor Adjectives
politician ambitious Adverbs
psychiatrist awful furthermore
(news) reporter challenging perhaps
researcher demanding probably
stockbroker fantastic
(kindergarten) teacher frustrating Conjunctions
(computer) technician luxurious as
tour guide moody but

EXPRESSIONS
Giving an opinion That’s not true. Expressing enthusiasm
In my opinion, . . . I disagree! Guess what . . . .
That’s great!
Interpreting information Beginning a series
It sounds like . . . First of all, . . .

Expressing personal Adding information

preferences In addition, . . .
I’d be interested in . . . For example, . . .
I’d get tired of . . . Furthermore, . . .
I’m very excited by . . . However, . . .
I’d enjoy . . . On the other hand, . . .
I think I’d be good at . . . In conclusion, . . .
I wouldn’t be very good at . . .
Expressing surprise
Disagreeing Really?
I’m not so sure.

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Nouns handle
apology have (a party)
favor help (out)
matter ignore
sleeping bag keep (quiet)
look at
Adjectives lose (interest)
bored make (a phone call/a request/noise)
cool move (away)
important offer (an apology)
owe (an apology)
Verbs
pick up
accept (an apology/an invitation/a request)
receive (a compliment/a gift/an invitation/a phone call)
act (out)
return (a favor/a phone call/a compliment)
decline (a request)
spend
do (a favor)
take care (of)
find (out)
turn down (an invitation)
finish
worry
get along
give (a gift) Adverb
give up almost

EXPRESSIONS
Talking on the telephone Thanking someone
Hi, . . . . This is . . . Thanks a million./Thanks. I really appreciate it.
Oh, hi, . . . . What’s up? Sure.
Making, accepting, and declining requests Making indirect requests
Can I . . . ?/Could you. . . , please? Could you tell . . . (that) . . . ?
Yes./Sorry, but . . . Please tell . . . (that) . . .
Is it OK if I . . . ? Would you ask . . . if/whether/to . . . ?
Of course. Can you tell . . . (not) to . . . ?
Would it be all right/OK if I . . . ? Can/Could you ask . . . if/whether . . . ?
No problem. Please ask . . . if/whether . . .
Do you mind if I . . . ?/Would you mind if I . . . ? Can/Could you ask . . . what/when . . . ?
No, I don’t mind.
Apologizing
I was wondering if I could . . .
I’m sorry.
Sure, that’s fine.
I’m really sorry.
Sorry.

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Nouns podcast trustworthy

Events police understandable
coincidence runner unexpected
dilemma selfies
sidewalk Verbs
disaster
sleep deprivation Modals
emergency
suffering be (un)able to
lucky break
thrift shop might
mishap
mistake trashcan Other
mystery trip burn off (calories)
triumph weight loss gain
interrupt
Other Adjectives
involve
achievement believable
lock up
brain complex
look for
desire connected
run into
destruction dangerous
run out (of)
driver healthy
work out
Earth inaccurate
elevator incredible Adverbs
(good) fortune puzzling as
“ick” factor quick unfortunately
lice satirical while
outbreak several
package sudden Preposition
suspicious off

EXPRESSIONS
Reacting to a story
What happened?
That’s terrible!

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Nouns Adjectives get used to

behavior Feelings get sick
challenge anxious go out (on a date)
cheek (un)comfortable greet (someone)
chopsticks confident hang out with
cooking curious have (a baby)
concern embarrassed hug
culture enthusiastic miss
culture shock excited plan
custom fascinated point out
elbow homesick split (= divide evenly)
expectation insecure take (photographs)
eye-opener nervous take off
handshake uncertain tip
host worried turn down
language
meal
Other Adverbs
lively abroad
outsider
passionate along
pamphlet
picky appropriately
taboo
especially
Verbs (the) most
drop by
feel Preposition
in (public)

EXPRESSIONS

Expressing emotions Expressing an opinion/

One thing/Something (that) I’d be (anxious/excited/ . . . ) about is . . . a feeling
Oh, how (nice/awful/ . . . )!
Asking for permission
Is it all right to . . . ?
Describing expectations
You’re supposed to . . .
You aren’t supposed to . . .
You’re expected to . . .
It’s the custom to . . .
It’s not acceptable to . . .

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Nouns tear Verbs

Electronics temperature bill
battery tenant book
computer (screen) vase break
oven warranty crash
printer deliver
Pronoun die
refrigerator
everything
remote/temperature control drop
TV (screen) Adjectives flicker
washing machine Past participles freeze
chipped have (an eye for)
Other highlight
cracked
charge
damaged jam
complaint
dented leak
crack
made pick up
damage
scratched pretend
lens(es)
stained purchase
(suitcase) lining
torn repair
mug
replace
pick-up Other rip
pitcher dirty rush
receipt reliable skip
refund throwaway spot
scratch
state
seller
work (= function)
shirt
stain Adverbs
store credit hardly ever
tablecloth right away/now

EXPRESSIONS

Offering help
Can I help you?
What can I do for you?
Describing problems
What’s wrong with it?
It’s torn/stained/damaged/scratched/cracked/chipped/worn.
What exactly is the problem?
It has a tear/a hole/a stain/some damage.
There are a few scratches.
There’s a crack.
It’s leaking./It has a leak.

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Nouns factory vocational

World problems farm(land)
health Verbs
e-waste
industry boycott
extinction
lack contaminate
famine
landfill create
global warming
law decompose
government corruption
livestock deplete
(the) homeless
management displace
infectious diseases
petition dive
overbuilding
politician educate
political unrest
(training) programs fight
pollution
publicity harm
poverty
recession hunt
unemployment
recycling ignore
violence
reduction improve
The Earth shelter make (a living)
air sit-in provide
birds (news) station pump
coral reef (heavy) traffic reduce
ecosystem run (a story)
fish Adjectives threaten
marine life accountable trash
oil affordable voice (= share/talk about)
plant clear
rain forest destructive Adverbs
hungry outside
river
innovative too
soil
wildlife invasive Prepositions
low-income against (the law)
Other poisonous
chemical as a result of
underground because of
demonstration unemployed
destruction due to
unforgettable on (the street)
executive urban

EXPRESSIONS

Describing problems Talking about what will happen

The . . . are being . . . by . . . What if . . . ?
(The) . . . is being . . . because of/due to . . . Well, then . . .
The . . . have been . . . through . . .
Identifying something
(The) . . . has been . . . as a result of . . .
What’s the name of . . . ?
Offering solutions It’s called . . .
One thing to change things is to . . .
Another way to stop them is to . . .
The best way to help is to . . .

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Nouns perseverance Adjectives

Language learning problem solving identical
accent self-confidence native
idiom self-discipline practical
pronunciation time management private
vocabulary tolerance right (= correct)
shy
Learning paths and study Other
useful
methods application (of skills)
conference approach Verbs
internship attorney attend
job shadowing budget claim
language course clutter concentrate
lecture curriculum expect
online course daily planner get (a degree/a raise/license)
professional course dish improve
study group finance join
traditional course foreign language learn (about)
(private) tutor martial arts manage
outdoors prefer
Personal qualities and skills play set up
artistic skills public defender sing along
communication skills public speaking study (on your own)
competitiveness sitcom take (a class/a course [on/in])
concern for others surrounding volunteer
cooperation volunteer activities
creativity Adverbs
money management correctly
totally

EXPRESSIONS

Asking about preferences Talking about learning methods

Would you rather . . . or . . . ? You could . . . by . . .
I’d rather (not) . . . That’s a good idea.
Would you prefer to . . . or . . . ? I . . . by . . .
(I think) I’d prefer . . . to . . . Maybe I should try that!
I’d prefer (to) . . . A good way to . . . is by . . .
Let’s . . .
Admitting something
I’d rather not./I’d prefer not to.
To tell you the truth, . . .
Asking for personal information
How’s (your French class/ . . . ) going?
Not bad.

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Nouns perseverance cut down on

Services portrait get along with
car wash self-confidence keep up with
(carpet/house) cleaning stage look forward to
dry cleaning weeknight put up with
language tutoring take care of
Adjectives
laundry Other
affordable
(home) repairs argue
annual
Other capable post
(home) appliance ground-breaking spend (time)
assignment lethal upgrade
belongings optimistic
overweight
Adverbs
budget
absolutely
disease
fiancée
Verbs constantly
Phrasal verbs deeply
groceries
break up with easily
jogging
come up with endlessly

EXPRESSIONS

Talking about things you need to have done Replying to advice

Where can I have/get . . . ? Um, I don’t think so.
You can have/get . . .
Expressing frustration
Asking for and giving advice This is so depressing!
What can I do?
What about . . . ?
Have you thought about . . . ?
Why don’t you . . . ?
Maybe you could . . .
One option is (to) . . .
It might be a good idea to . . .

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Nouns human cure

Historic events humankind hit
achievement impact hold
assassination penicillin release
catastrophe roof garden retain
discovery sensation rip
election space set up
epidemic speculation spread
invention trend steal
natural disaster take place
Adjectives
terrorism/terrorist act
biodegradable Adverb
Other major quickly
billion overnight
century
Prepositions
compass
Verbs during
alter for (50 years)
debut
appreciate in (existence/1989)
existence
become since
fad
come on within (the next 5 years)

EXPRESSIONS
Talking about historical events Making a prediction
When did . . . begin? I guess . . .
During/In the (1910s/ . . .).
About . . . years ago.
How long was the . . . ?
From . . . to . . . ./For . . . years.
How long has the . . . been in existence?
Since . . ./For about the last . . . years.
For over . . . years.

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Nouns Pronouns Verbs

apology myself blame
bank account yourself borrow
blackmail become (a parent)
crush Adjectives feel
driver’s license Behavior and personality get (a credit card/a paycheck/
essay ambitious married)
financial advisor argumentative hurt
grade carefree look something up
high school (im)mature lose
importance naive move away
internship pragmatic reject
(student) loan rebellious retire
milestone (ir)responsible save (money)
paycheck selfish spend (time)
promotion short-fused stay (in touch)
regret sophisticated take care of (yourself)
relationship wise take out (a loan)
sabotage Other yell
sense heartfelt
sleepover Adverbs
tough
teamwork not . . . anymore
turning point seriously
somehow

EXPRESSIONS

Describing yourself in the past Describing regrets about the past

By the time I, . . . I should have . . ./I shouldn’t have . . .
The moment I . . .
Describing hypothetical situations
Before I got my first job, . . .
If I had . . . , I would have . . .
Once I left home, . . .
If I had . . . , I wouldn’t be . . .
After I traveled overseas, . . .
As soon as I left home, . . . Asking for clarification
Until I moved to (Alaska), . . . How do you mean?

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Nouns Adjectives Other

Businesses Qualities for success brand new
(clothing) boutique affordable catchy
coffee shop athletic crowded
health club attractive ever-changing
megastore charming everlasting
supermarket clever flexible
convenient funny
Other inexpensive
dependable
advertising packed
effective
barrage profitable
entertaining
concept shocking
industrious
goddess trendy
informative
package
knowledgeable
puzzle
muscular
Verbs
reason attract
persuasive
self-discipline be seen
tough
slogan dive
unforgettable
tagline grab
well written
time-span succeed
(personal) trainer
upset stomach
Adverbs
directly
wait
importantly
worldwide

EXPRESSIONS

Describing the purpose of something Hypothesizing

In order to . . . , you need to . . . I think another reason why . . . is . . .
(In order) for a/an . . . to . . . , it has to . . . It could be . . .
To . . . , it’s a good idea to . . .
Accepting an invitation
Giving reasons I thought you’d never ask!
I like . . . because . . .
It’s so popular because of the . . .
The reason people . . . is to . . .
Due to . . .

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Nouns pipe cut

Reactions sci-fi fall (asleep)
assumption sewer fire
criticism sister-in-law flee
demand spaceship hear
excuse trumpet interrupt
prediction lend
Pronoun make up (an excuse)
suggestion one
suspicion pack
warning Adjectives pretend
complicated ring
Other slip (one’s mind)
dated
announcement squeal
giant
cafeteria take place
high-pitched
check turn
inconsiderate
doorbell wash (the dishes)
overnight
explanation withdraw
tricky
fear yawn
understanding
fight
flare Verbs Adverbs
haircut argue besides
hint baffle constantly
in-laws blame previously
mess borrow
nephew
Conjunction
chew
however
pet peeve clean up

EXPRESSIONS

Judging past actions Expressing approval of someone’s action

You should/shouldn’t have . . . . . . did the right thing.
I wouldn’t have . . .
Suggesting alternative past actions
You could have . . .
I would have . . .

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Nouns editor computer-animated

Movies game animator entirely
character gameplay programmer final
detail (art/photo) editor full-length
film news photographer in-demand
location quality assurance analyst nonexistent
role songwriter rude
scene storyboard artist standard
script stunt person
talk show host Verbs
set
(lighting/sound-effects) technician beat
shot
web content manager complete
special effects
deal (with)
storyboard Other depend
studio clerk pack
(movie) theater computer graphics rehearse
Media professions crowd run
actor jury shoot (the movie)
band manager stage
club DJ thousands (of) Adverb
simultaneously
(game) designer
Adjectives
(production/technical/editorial)
amazing Preposition
director on (stage)
challenging

EXPRESSIONS

Explaining or identifying someone Saying you haven’t decided yet

. . . is the person who/that . . . I’m considering . . .
Asking for an explanation Talking about an opportunity
Can I ask why that is? You get to . . .

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Nouns ownership Verbs

Social issues permit assume
bullying plagiarism ban
child care rail belong
health care research critique
homelessness royalties deserve
noise pollution seat belt face
parental leave shelter fail
stray animal sidewalk feed
street crime source litter
trash collection make ends meet
Adjectives pass
vandalism
affordable
permit
Other (un)attended
pickpocket
big deal disabled
pretend
citizen inadequate
require
fare irregular
ride (a bike)
fur offensive
spot
helmet organic
(health) insurance overcrowded Adverbs
key soundproof fairly
leash unmarried nowadays
mayor unfortunately

EXPRESSIONS

Making a recommendation Asking for and giving reasons

People ought to/should be required to . . . Why?/Why not?
People shouldn’t be allowed to . . . Well, I don’t think . . .
Something has (got) to be done to . . . Well, for one thing, . . .
A rule has to be made to . . .
Laws must be passed to . . .
People mustn’t be permitted to . . .
Acknowledging an opinion and offering a
different one
That sounds interesting, but . . .
I think . . .
That’s not a bad idea. On the other hand, I feel that . . .
You may have a point. However, I think . . .

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Nouns Adjectives deliver

accomplishment adaptable develop
best seller compassionate manage (to)
competition courageous pack
degree cynical proud
discipline dependent quit
eagle downhill retire
goal healthy share
goggles (un)imaginative soar
grade insensitive succeed
hurdle resourceful switch
internship rigid
lifetime self-motivated
Adverbs
ahead
marathon self-sufficient
elsewhere
nomad steady
plenty
pleasure timid
pretty
promotion upbeat
savings
Verbs Pronouns
skill myself
personal statement achieve
yourself
wish count (on someone)

EXPRESSIONS

Describing challenges, frustrations, and rewards Talking about future accomplishments

The most unusual/realistic/ambitious/rewarding thing about . . . is . . . What do you hope you’ll have achieved?
I hope I’ll have . . .
Describing past accomplishments
I’d like to have . . .
I’ve managed to . . .
I managed to . . .
I’ve been able to . . .
I was able to . . .

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