ISSN(Online) : 2320-9801

ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016

A Home Automation System using Internet of

Things
Pooja N.Pawar1, Shruti Ramachandran2, Nisha P.Singh3, Varsha V.Wagh4
B.E Student, Dept. of CSE, GES’s R.H.Sapat COE, Nashik, Maharashtra, India1, 2, 3, 4

ABSTRACT: In modern times, people prefer more of automatic systems rather than manual systems. With the
influence of Internet in people’s life lots of new technologies are coming up. One of the latest, emerging and trending
technologies is the ‘Internet of Things’. This technology is expected to rule the world within a few years. Home
Automation System uses the technology of Internet of Things for monitoring and controlling of the electrical and
electronic appliances at home from any remote location by simply using a Smartphone. Implementation of a low cost,
flexible home automation system is presented. It enhances the use of wireless communication which provides the user
with remote control of various electronic and electrical appliances.

KEYWORDS: Internet of Things, Smart Home, Home Automation, Android Smartphone, Arduino

I. INTRODUCTION

IoT is a world, where real, virtual and digital environments combine to create a smart environment which
makes life easy. It is a new era of computing technology in which machines interact and communicate with other
machines, objects and environment. This new technology has unlimited potential to improve our lives by using a
“command-and-control” strategy. It is a revolution of the Internet in which objects make themselves recognizable.
Objects can communicate information among them and can take necessary decisions whenever required.
Communication has been extended via internet to all things around us. When objects can communicate with each other,
via the internet, we need to take complete advantage of remote access. The ultimate goal of IoT applications is to
automate systems rather than using manual systems, to improve the quality of living.
In today’s world, Internet serves to be a popular means of communication. From the end user’s point of view,
Internet based Home Automation System is very convenient, easy flexible and cheap. Many devices now have Wifi and
can connect to Smartphones or home computers. But these devices cannot communicate with each other or else need
additional devices to do so. Thus, these devices need to be unified, such that they can be monitored and controlled
using one single program or device, e.g. controlling lights, fans, air-conditioners, oven, refrigerator, TV etc. by using an
application on the Smartphone. This gives the user more control of their home and can simplify many manual actions.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

N. Sriskanthan and Tan Karand in their work have presented an application of Bluetooth Technology for
Home Automation. The Bluetooth technology which emerged in late 1990's is used for implementing the wireless
home automation system. Various appliances such as air conditioners, home theatres, cellular phones etc., are
interconnected, thus creating a Personal Area Network in Home Environment. The communication between several
client modules and the host server takes place through the Bluetooth module. A Home Automation Protocol has been
developed to enhance communication between the host server and the client modules. The system also allows
integration or removal of devices to the network which makes the system scalable. The wireless system aims at
reducing the cost of Home Automation. But the system does not use the trending mobile technology. [1]
A. Z. Alkar and U. Buhur have developed an internet based wireless home automation system for
multifunctional devices. A flexible, low cost, wireless solution to the home automation is introduced. The
transformation of the initial simple functionality control mechanism of devices to more complex devices has been
discussed. The home appliances are connected through a server to a central node. The system is secured from

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2016. 0404039 6555

 ISSN(Online) : 2320-9801
ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016

unauthorized users by using SSL algorithm. During tests, the wireless communication was found to be limited to <100
meters in a concrete building. [2]
Muhammad Izhar Ramli, Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, Nabihah developed a prototype electrical device control
system using Web. They have developed a web based controller, for controlling electrical devices. Whenever the
condition of server is down they also set their server with auto restart. The system does not use mobile technology.
Being a web based system; this application is less effective since the use of headphones and Smart phones is increasing
rapidly. [3]
E. Yavuz, B. Hasan, I. Serkan and K. Duygu have designed and implemented a telephone and PIC remote
controlled device for controlling the home electrical devices. In this Pin check algorithm has been introduced where it
was with cable network and not wireless communication. The system ensures safety as it cannot be used by
unauthorized users as the system uses Pin-check system. The architecture is very complex, but it gives an idea of
remote handling of home automation system. [4]
Shahriyar, E. Hoque, M. M. Akbar, S. Sohan, I. Naim, and M. K. Khan presented a GSM based
communication and control for home appliances. Different AT commands are sent to the Home Mobile for controlling
different appliances. The drawback of this system is that a Graphical User Interface (GUI) is not provided to the user.
Different AT commands have to be remembered by the users to control the connected devices. Also, the system
supports Java enabled mobile phones. The system thus becomes less functional as now-a-days the use of Java enables
phones are reducing and the use of Android phones are increasing tremendously. [5]
Jitendra Rajendra Rana and Sunil N.Pawar in their paper have implemented a zigbee based home automation
system. Zigbee is a high-level communication protocol used to create personal area network. It supports any kind of
micro-controller. The system eliminates the complication of wiring in case of wired automation. Considerable amount
of power saving is also possible. Operating range is more than Bluetooth. But the system does not allow remote
monitoring and controlling of appliances. [6]
R. Piyare and M. Tazil have presented the design and implementation of a low cost, flexible and wireless
solution to the home automation. The system uses Bluetooth technology where the cell phone is used for interaction
between the host server and the client modules. This system can be used by any appliances that require On-off
switching applications without any internet connection. The drawback of this system was that the wireless
communication system was found to be limited to a range less than 50m in a concreted building and maximum of 100m
range in an open range. The system supports only the symbian OS cell phones. [7]
Amul Jadhav, S. Anand, Nilesh Dhangare, K.S. Wagh developed a system which uses one of the operating
systems for implementation of the Home Automation System. An XML document is created and placed over the
server, which can be used by any other mobile device without any platform issue. The layout of the screen is controlled
by a common XML format. Downloading of XML file from the server and its parsing needs to be coded on every
platform. As the design part is coded only once, a lot of coding effort is reduced. The same file is used by every other
platform. The main objective of the paper was to develop a system without operating system platform limitations for
Universal Mobile Applications. [8]
Deepali Javale, Shreerang Nandanwar, Mohd. Mohsin and M. Shingate have used Android ADK for
implementing a home automation and security system. It presents a system in which the devices are connected to a
Bluetooth sub-controller physically. It does not require internet connectivity. The Smart phone is used to access and
control the devices using built-in Bluetooth connectivity. Communication is established between the android mobile
device and the ADK, by connecting the appliances to the ADK. However, the system restricts mobility and can only be
controlled within the specified boundary due to limited range of operation (maximum up to 100 m). Thus the system
does not support remote monitoring and controlling of appliances. [9]
S. V. A. Syed Anwaarullah presents the design and implementation of a low cost, compact and secure Android
smart phone based home automation system. A single chip microcontroller real time operating system is integrated to
the system, to improve the responsiveness of the system and make it more dynamic. The system uses Bluetooth
technology. The Bluetooth module that is used is based on the Bluetooth V2.0 protocol and has a range of 10m
operating at frequency of 2.4GHz with a maximum data exchange rate of 2.1Mbps. Similar to most of the existing
systems, this system also does not support remote monitoring and controlling of devices. [10]

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2016. 0404039 6556

 ISSN(Online) : 2320-9801
ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Description of proposed System:

This project aims at developing a Home Automation System prototype which mainly focuses on monitoring
and controlling household appliances through the Internet. The system consists of two main parts: A hardware interface
module and a software communication module.
The Hardware interface module consists of: Arduino ATmega328 microprocessor, Wifi module and relays.
The central device is the microprocessor that connects to the Wifi module and receives orders to monitor and control
the appliances. The communication between the application and microprocessor is handled by the server, thus
managing the users and the appliances. The software communication module uses an Android application as the
frontend, which serves as an interface to the user to communicate with the microprocessor. It presents a list of devices
with which the user can interact.

Fig: 1.1System Architecture

The system offers switching functionalities to control the appliances connected to the system, which includes
Lights, Fans, Air-conditioners and various other appliances connected to the system. In India, the alternating current
supplied to our homes is of 230V. Arduino Board is not capable of withstanding such high Voltages. Thus, Relays are
used to convert this high voltage to low voltage i.e. less than 5V. The relay switches have capability to carry a
maximum load of 10A at 240V.
To enable connectivity with the microcontroller Wifi module is used. It provides Internet connectivity, which
allows Internet access and control from the Android Application effectively and efficiently. The Android application is
a user friendly interface, which enables the user to view the status of applications at home and control it as per his/her
requirement.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2016. 0404039 6557

 ISSN(Online) : 2320-9801
ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016

Description of components:
Arduino Uno Board: Arduino Uno is a single board microcontroller, for building digital devices and interactive
objects that can sense and gather information from the physical world. The Arduino IDE Software can be used for
programming.

Fig: 1.2 Arduino Compatible Freeduino

Wifi Module: Wifi Module is used to enable connectivity with the Internet.

Fig: 1.3 Wifi Module

Relay: Relay is a switch which is used to control a high power or high voltage circuit by low power. In India 1A
(230W/230V) current flows through the device and wire. The Arduino board cannot withhold such high power or
voltage. Thus we make use of relays for designing the system.

Fig: 1.4 Relay

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 ISSN(Online) : 2320-9801
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016

IV. PSEUDO CODE

Step 1: Inorder to establish connection between the client and the server the Wifi option in the Smartphone is
enabled.
Step 2: It is connected to the Wifi module of the system.
Step 3: Each electronic/electrical appliance in the system is connected to the digital pins on the Arduino Uno
Board.
Step 4: A Relay is used for connecting each device to the Arduino, which helps in converting high Voltage supply
to low voltage.
Step 5: A C-program is loaded on to the microprocessor chip on the Arduino Uno Board which specifies what action
is to be performed on receiving particular inputs.
Step 6: An Android Application has been developed which enables the end user to monitor and control the
appliances from any remote location.
Step 7: Socket Programming has been used to achieve client-server communication.
Step 8: Successful controlling and monitoring of appliances.

Fig: 1.5 Block Diagram for Proposed Home Automation System

SOCKET PROGRAMMING:
The system consists of a server, client, and a communication medium. The part of the system that makes a
request for service is called client and the part of the system that offers requested service from the client is called
server. The communication medium can be wired or wireless network. It makes use of the services provided by the
Transport Layer of the TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) stack.
The transport layer comprises two types of protocols: TCP (Transport Control Protocol) and UDP (User
Datagram Protocol). The most widely used programming interfaces for these protocols are sockets. TCP is a
connection-oriented protocol that provides a reliable flow of data between the client and the server. UDP is a protocol
which does not guarantee reliable communication between the client and the server since the data transmission is in the
form of packets.

Algorithm:

Algorithm for Server Program:

1. Open the Server Socket
2. Wait for the Client Request
3. Create I/O streams for communicating to the client

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 ISSN(Online) : 2320-9801
ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016

4. Perform communication with client

5. Close socket

Algorithm for Client Program:

1. Create a Socket Object
2. Create I/O streams for communicating with the server.
3. Perform I/O or communication with the server
4. Close the socket when done

V .SIMULATION RESULTS

We have developed an Android application using which we can switch ON/OFF the appliances connected to the
system. Following are the screenshots of the Android Application “Home_IOT” developed during implementation of
the system. Fig: 1.6 shows the status of application when the appliances connected to the system is in OFF state. Fig:
1.7 shows the status of application when the appliances connected to the system is in ON state.

Fig: 1.6 When the appliances are in Fig: 1.7 When the appliances are in
OFF state ON state

Fig: 1.8 represents the prototype model of the developed system when the appliances are in OFF condition. The bulbs
and fan attached to the model switches ON when operated using the Android application. Fig.: 1.9 represents the model
where the appliances are ON. These appliances can be again switched OFF using the application. Following are the
screenshots of the implementation of proposed system:

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2016. 0404039 6560

 ISSN(Online) : 2320-9801
ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016

Fig: 1.8 System in OFF state

Fig: 1.9 System in ON state

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2016. 0404039 6561

 ISSN(Online) : 2320-9801
ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016

Fig: 2.1 Arrangements of Hardware Components

VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

From the end user’s point of view, Internet is a means of Communication which is easily available and
affordable. Android Phones and Android applications are already a part of human life. Thus, a combination of these
technologies will make life more simple and easy to live.
The potential of the system can be improved to a greater extent by combining technologies such as cloud
computing, big data, robotics etc. Even though these technologies are not new to the Industry, combination of these
technologies with the Internet of Things (IoT) will do miracles in human life.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGE

It gives us great pleasure in presenting the project on “INTERNET OF THINGS BASED SMART HOME
SYSTEM”. We would like to take this opportunity to thank our internal guide Prof.D.M.Deshpande for giving us all
the help and guidance we needed. We are really grateful to him for his kind support. His valuable suggestions were
very helpful.
We are also grateful to Prof.N.V.Alone, Head of Computer Engineering Department, Gokhale Education
Society’s R. H. Sapat College of Engineering, Management Studies & Research, for his indispensable support,
suggestions.
In the end our special thanks to all teaching and non-teaching staff for providing various resources such as
laboratory with all needed software platforms, continuous Internet connection, for our Project.

REFERENCES

[1]N. Sriskanthan and Tan Karand, “Bluetooth Based Home Automation System”. Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems, Vol. 26,
pp.281-289, 2002.
[2] A. Z. Alkar and U. Buhur, “An internet based wireless home automation system for multifunctional devices”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer
Electronics, vol. 51, pp. 1169-1174, 2005.
3] Muhammad Izhar Ramli, Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, Nabihah, “TOWARDS SMART HOME: CONTROL ELECTRICAL DEVICES
ONLINE”, Nornabihah Ahmad International Conference on Science and Technology: Application in Industry and Education (2006).
[4] E. Yavuz, B. Hasan, I. Serkan and K. Duygu. “Safe and Secure PIC Based Remote Control Application for Intelligent Home”. International
Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, Vol. 7, No. 5, May 2007.
[5] R. Shahriyar, E. Hoque, S. Sohan, I. Naim, M. M. Akbar, and M. K. Khan, “Remote controlling of home appliances using mobile telephony”,
International Journal of Smart Home, vol. 2, pp. 37-54, 2008.
[6] Jitendra Rajendra Rana and Sunil N.Pawar, Zigbee Based Home Automation (April 10, 2010).
[7] R. Piyare and M. Tazil,“Bluetooth based home automation system using cell phone”, in Consumer Electronics (ISCE), 2011 IEEE 15th
International Symposium on, 2011, pp. 192-195.
[8] Amul Jadhav, S. Anand, Nilesh Dhangare, K.S. Wagh “Universal Mobile Application Development (UMAD) On Home Automation”,
Marathwada Mitra Mandals Institute of Technology, University of Pune, India Network and Complex Systems ISSN 2224-610X (Paper) ISSN 2225-
0603 (Online) Vol 2, No.2, 2012

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 ISSN(Online) : 2320-9801
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2016

[9] Deepali Javale, M ohd. Mohsin, Shreerang Nandanwar, and M .Shingate, “Home Automation and Security System Using Android ADK”,
International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology, vol. 3, pp. 382-385, 2013.
[10] S. V. A. Syed Anwaarullah, “RTOS based home automation System using android”, international journal of advanced Trends in computer
science and engineering, vol. 2, pp. 480-484, 2013.

BIOGRAPHY

Ms. Pooja Pawar is pursuing Bachelor degree in Computer Engineering from R. H. Sapat College of Engineering,
Management Studies & Research, Nashik. She looks forward to have successful career in Web Application
Development.

Ms. Shruti Ramachandran is pursuing Bachelor degree in Computer Engineering from R. H. Sapat College of
Engineering, Management Studies & Research, Nashik. She looks forward to have successful career in Android
Development and Networking.

Ms. Nisha Singh is pursuing Bachelor degree in Computer Engineering from R. H. Sapat College of Engineering,
Management Studies & Research, Nashik. She looks forward to have successful career in Software Development.

Ms. Varsha Wagh has completed Diploma in Computer Technology from K. K. Wagh Polytechnic, Nashik. She is
pursuing Bachelor degree in Computer Engineering from R. H. Sapat College of Engineering, Management Studies &
Research, Nashik. She looks forward to have successful career in Web Application Development and Network
Security.
.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2016. 0404039 6563