ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS FOR

COMMUNICATIONS
Presenter Name: Dinh Quoc Hung
Presentation Date: 2016-2017
Email: [email protected]
 Goal of the course
• Explain, analyze, and calculate the classical and modern RF
communication systems, the principles of functional blocks in
practice.
• Understand effects of noise and nonlinearity distortion on RF
systems and system parameters such as noise figure, input/output
referred noise, 1-dB compression point, third-order intercept
point, sensitivity and dynamic ranges.
• Explain, analyze and calculate the IF circuits and IF filters.
• Explain, analyze and calculate electronic circuits for
communication systems, including LNA, Mixer, Power Amplifier,
Oscillators and Frequency synthesizer
• Explain, analyze and calculate RF noise, low noise amplifiers.
• Explain, analyze, and calculate analog modulation and
demodulation circuits in practice.
GRADING:
Attendance/Attitude : 0 %
Exercise/Homework /Quiz:
30 %
Mini Project:20%
Final Exams: 50%
REFERENCES:
[1] Jack Smith, Modern Communication
Circuits, Second Edition, WCB/McGraw-
Hill, 1998.
[2] James Hardy, Electronic
Communications Technology, Prentice-
Hall, 1986.
[3] Behzad Razavi, RF Microelectronics,
Second Edition, Prentice Hall, Sep 22,
2011.
CONTENTS:
Chapter 1: Introduction to Radio
Communication Systems
Chapter 2: Basic Concepts in RF Design
Chapter 3: Oscillator and Frequency
Synthesizers.
Chapter 4: Mixers - Frequency Conversion
Circuits
Chapter 5: Power Amplifiers
Chapter 6: Low-Noise Amplifier
Chapter 7: Analog Modulation
Welcome
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO
RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Introductions
Radar System
Introductions
Introductions
Introductions
Introductions
Introductions
Introductions
Broadcast Transmitter
Introductions
 Introductions
Transceiver - Vinaphone
Introductions
 Introductions
Transceiver’s data :
• Gain before repair : S21 = 22 dB
• Gain improved greatly after repair: S21 = 50.32 dB
• Gain flatness: < 1 dB: excellent
 Introductions
IMD (Intermodulation Distortion) of VinaPhone transceiver after being repaired:
• Center frequency 945.500 MHz, 2-tone spacing: 1MHz, Span: 7MHz
• IMD = 50 dBc @ 20 watt. This transceiver meets FCC standards
 Introductions
Typical PA Test Specification
Introductions
Introductions
DECT HS
 Wireless Communication Systems
• A system allows the communication of information between two points using Radio Waves.

• Radio waves are generated (then propagate) and received by antenna.

• The word radio refers to techniques that are used in transmitting and receiving information or power in the
atmosphere or free space, or in transmission lines utilizing electromagnetic waves—so-called radio waves.
Radio Waves = Electromagnetic waves = Radio Frequency (RF) signal
• Radio waves propagate in a vacuum with the speed of light, c = 3.108 m/s.
• Each radio wave is characterized by magnitude (power), frequency and phase.
• The frequency of a radio wave is f , then the wavelength is = c /f.
• The radio waves are classified based on their frequencies or applications.
• The field of RF engineering generally covers the behavior of RF signals with frequencies in range of 300 KHz to
300 GHz.
 RF signals : 300 KHz to 300 GHz  Wave length: 1 Km – 1mm
 Microwave signals: 0.3 GHz – 300 GHz  Wave length: 1 m – 10mm
 Millimeter-wave signals: 30 GHz – 300 GHz  Wave length: 10 mm – 1mm
 Frequency Spectrum
• The radio waves are classified based on their
frequencies or applications.
Frequency Spectrum
Frequency Spectrum
Frequency Spectrum
Elements of Communication Systems
 Elements of Communication Systems
1. The source of the message signal may be analogue or digital
information transformed into an electrical signal.
2. The signal is amplified and often passed through a low-pass
filter to limit the bandwidth.
3. The RF oscillator establishes the carrier frequency. Since good
frequency stability is required to keep the transmitter on its
assigned frequency, the oscillator is often controlled by a quartz
crystal.
4. One or more amplifier stages increase the power level of the
signal from the oscillator to that needed for input to the
modulator.
5. The modulator combines the signal and carrier frequency
components to produce one of the varieties of modulated
waves.
 Elements of Communication Systems
6. Additional amplification may be required after modulation to
bring the power level of the signal to the desired value for input
to the antenna.

7. The transmitting antenna converts the RF energy into an

electromagnetic wave of the desired polarization. If a single
(fixed) receiver is to be reached, the antenna is designed to
direct as much of the radiated energy as possible toward the
receiving antenna.

8. The receiving antenna may be omni-directional for general

service or highly directional for point-to-point communication.
The wave propagated from the transmitter induces a small
voltage in the receiving antenna. The range of amplitudes of the
induced antenna voltage may be from tens of millivolts to less
than 1 microvolt, depending upon a wide variety of conditions.
 Elements of Communication Systems
12. The IF amplifier increases the signal to a level suitable for detection and
provides most of the frequency selectivity necessary to “pass” the desired
signal and filter out the undesired signals that are found in the mixer output.
Because the tuned circuits in blocks 11 and 12 always operate at a fixed
frequency (fIF), they can be designed to provide good selectivity. Ceramic or
crystal filters are often used

13. The detector recovers the original message signal from the modulated IF input

14. The audio or video amplifier increases the power level of the detector output
to a value suitable for driving a loudspeaker, a television tube, or other output
device.

15. The output device converts the signal information back to its original form
(analogue or digital sound waves, picture, etc.).
Architectures for Transmitter and Receiver
Architectures for Transmitter and Receiver
Architectures for Transmitter and Receiver
 Architectures for RF Transceiver
• A transceiver consists of a transmitter and a receiver.
• Example of super-heterodyne transceiver:
Architectures for Transmitter and Receiver

• A simplified architecture of the super-

heterodyne receiver with single down-
conversion:

• BP: Band pass, LNA: Low Noise Amplifier,

• VCO: Voltage Controlled Oscillator,
• ADC: Analogue Digital Converter,
• DSP: Digital Signal Processor
Architectures for Transmitter and Receiver

• Simplified architecture of super-heterodyne

receiver with double down-conversion:
 A Survey of
Communications Applications
• Simplex
– AM and FM broadcasting
– Digital radio
– TV broadcasting
– Digital television (DTV)
– Cable television
– Facsimile
– Wireless remote control
– Paging services
– Navigation and direction-finding services
– Telemetry
– Radio astronomy
– Surveillance
– Music services
– Internet radio and video
Architectures for Transmitter and Receiver
• Duplex
– Telephones
– Two-way radio
– Radar
– Sonar
– Amateur radio
– Citizens radio
– Family Radio service
– The Internet
– Wide-area networks (WANs)
– Metropolitan-area networks (MANs)
– Local area networks (LANs) Family Radio service
– The Internet
– Wide-area networks (WANs)
– Metropolitan-area networks (MANs)
– Local area networks (LANs)
– Family Radio service
– The Internet
– Wide-area networks (WANs)
– Metropolitan-area networks (MANs)
– Local area networks (LANs)
 Jobs and Careers in the
Communication Industry
• The electronics industry is roughly divided
into four major specializations:
– Communications (largest in terms of people
employed and the dollar value of equipment
purchased)
– Computers (second largest).
– Industrial controls.
– Instrumentation.
 Jobs and Careers in the
Communication Industry
• Types of Jobs
– Engineers design communication equipment and systems.
– Technicians install, troubleshoot, repair, calibrate, and maintain
equipment.
– Engineering Technicians assist in equipment design, testing,
and assembly.
– Technical sales representatives determine customer needs and
related specifications, write proposals and sell equipment.
– Technical writers generate technical documentation for
equipment and systems.
– Trainers develop programs, generate training and presentation
materials, and conduct classroom training.
 Jobs and Careers in the
Communication Industry
Major Employers
– The communication electronics industry is made
up of the following segments:
• Manufacturers

• Resellers

• Service Organizations

• End users
 Jobs and Careers in the
Communication Industry

Structure of the communication electronics industry.

Resources
• [1] David Pozaz, Microwave and Rf Design of
Wireless Systems, Wiley, 2000.
• [2] P. H. Young, Electronic Communication
Techniques, Fifth Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2004.
• [3] VTV-Đa nang City
• [4] VinaMaritime – Ho Chi Minh City.
• [5] NOVA RF Research Lab
QUESTIONS?
APPENDIX