See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/301227113

Implementation of 128-bit AES algorithm in MATLAB

Article · March 2016

DOI: 10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V33P223

CITATIONS READS

2 2,016

3 authors, including:

AR Reddy Jilani S A K
Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science
51 PUBLICATIONS   69 CITATIONS    35 PUBLICATIONS   52 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

SAW devices View project

All content following this page was uploaded by AR Reddy on 04 August 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 3- March 2016

Implementation of 128-bit AES algorithm in

MATLAB
D.Lohit Kumar1 Dr. A.R.Reddy2 Dr.S.A.K.Jilani3
1
PG Scholar 2Professor 3Professor, Dept. of ECE
MITS, Madanapalle, INDIA

Abstract: for many applications which required data

protection. For example, encryption of image will
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is be very useful to ensure the security.
used for securing data. There are several types of
algorithms available in cryptography, but AES is This paper is organised as follows: Section II
one among the standardized high security covers introduction of AES algorithm. Section III
algorithm. It is implemented in various hardware discusses the implementation of AES algorithm
devices and various software languages. This using MATLAB. Section IV explains about
paper explores the implementation of AES in simulation of AES in MATLAB. Section V
MATLAB. A MATLAB code is developed for explains about experimental results and analysis.
plaintext encryption and cipher text decryption.
Experiments are conducted to measure the II.AES algorithm
execution times. The measured results indicate a AES algorithm is a Block cipher and
maximum encryption time of 87 ms and decryption works on fixed-length group of bits, which are
time of 88 ms. These results are superior to the called Blocks. It takes an input block of 128 bits,
similar software implementations of AES. The and produces a corresponding output block of the
results are attractive to deploy AES into image and same size. AES requires a second input, which is
video processing on MATLAB. the secret key. AES uses three different key sizes:
128, 192 and 256 bits.
Keywords: Advanced Encryption Standard,
symmetric key Encryption, cipher text and For both its Cipher and Inverse Cipher, the
MATLAB, internet, multimediafiles. AES algorithm uses a round function that is
composed of four different byte-oriented Layers:
I. INTRODUCTION
1) Byte substitution using a substitution table (S-
With the advent of internet and
box)
multimedia files many old encryption algorithms
2) Shifting rows of the State array by different
are finding new platform for their application.
offsets
Rijndael algorithm is adopted as Advanced
3) Mixing the data within each column of the State
Encryption Standard by NIST [1]. The AES
array
algorithm uses a round function that is composed of
4) Adding a Round Key to the State.
four different byte-oriented Layers. They are byte
substitution, shifting rows, mix columns, add
AES algorithm uses this round function
around key. In AES algorithm, the number of
for ten rounds, but the first and last round of AES
rounds to be performed during the execution of the
algorithm is differing from other rounds. That is
algorithm is dependent on the key size. The number
depicted in the figure 1 below.
of rounds is represented by Nr, where Nr=10 for
128 bits, Nr= 12 for 192 bits and Nr= 14 for 256
bits.
AES is already implemented in various
processors including microcontrollers [11]. Also,
AES is implemented in many platforms like ASIC
[9], FPGA [5], Embedded systems like Arduino,
Raspberry Pi.

This paper explores the implementation of

AES in MATLAB. It uses a high level language
and useful to develop many applications such as
video processing, control systems, signal
processing and communications. Therefore,
development of AES in MATLAB will be useful

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 126

 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 3- March 2016

In the first step Initialisation of AES

components are done like S-box and Inv S-box are
created then poly matrices are created and in the
second step round function command is used the
below commands. Then the shift rows, mix
columns, cipher, encryption and decryption pseudo
codes are written.

function (S-BOX, Inv(S-BOX), W, POLY-MAT,

INV(POLY-MAT)] = AES(INIT)

function (S-BOX, INV(S-BOX)) = S-BOXgen;

function STATE(Out) = Add(RoundKey),

(STATE(in))
STATE(out) = Bitxor(State(in),Roundkey);

function STATE(out) = ShiftRows (STATE(in))

STATE(out) = Cycle(STATE(in));

function Cipher-Text = Cipher (PLAIN-TEXT, W,

S-BOX, Poly-Mat)
Cipher-text = Cipher[PLAIN-TEXT, W, S-BOX,
POLY-MAT];
Fig.1: AES Algorithm Architecture
Re-Plaintext = Inv-Cipher[Cipher-Text, W, Inv[S-
In this AES algorithm, the number of BOX, Inv[Poly-Mat,]]];
rounds to be performed during the execution of the PLAIN-TEXTtoHEX = DectoHex(Re-Plain-Text);
algorithm is dependent on the key size. The number
of rounds is represented by Nr, where Nr=10 for These functions are performed in the
128bits, Nr= 12 for 192bits and Nr= 14 for 256bits. MATLAB for AES encryption and decryption
process, this involves the S-box and Inv S-box
III. MATLAB platform used for AES creation, and four byte oriented operations.
Plaintext is given as input by using
MATLAB is a high level language and a symmetric key and using above byte oriented
comfortable environment for numerical operations in the MATLAB, the AES algorithm is
calculations, visualization and programming. implemented.
Using this platform we can create models, develop So that encryption and decryption is done
algorithms, and applications. Using built in math separately.
functions of this platform enables us to achieve the
result faster than spreadsheets or conventional IV. Simulation of AES in MATLAB platform
programming languages, like C/C++ or Java.
With the help of MATLAB compiler we In the initialization step the s-box, inv s-box,
can generate executable code for any computer polynomial matrices are created.
system for different environments.
With the advancement of VLSI
technology single board computers are dominating
in the markets. The codes deployed were made run
in the systems.
This platform has wide range of
applications like signal processing and
communications, image and video processing,
control systems, test and measurement,
computational finance, and computational biology.
Take a new script and write the program
into new script and save the file in destination
folder which is required for AES encryption and Fig.2: S-box creation
decryption.

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 127

 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 3- March 2016

The plaintext of size 128bits are given as measured encryption time is 12.56 ms for the first
input using a symmetric key enables to perform round.
four byte oriented operations to get the cipher text.
The four byte oriented operations involves C.Full encryption time: This is measured using the
substitution of bytes, shifting rows, mixing of method described in the one round encryption time
columns, and add-round key. This four byte measurement. The tic toc command used in the
oriented operations undergoes 10 rounds for beginning and the end of the main program. The
simulating 128bit input plaintext and gives the measured encryption time is 87.57ms for first
cipher text out so, encryption is done and then plaintext input shown in the Table 1. Likewise for
cipher text is given as input and then cipher-text is different eight inputs corresponding encryption
given as input to the decryption process then it times are tabulated.
performs the inverse process for 4-byte oriented
operations and then it undergoes ten rounds for D.Full decryption time: This is measured using the
getting the plaintext as decrypted output. The method described in the one round encryption time
number of rounds depends on the size of the key measurement. The tic toc command used in the
used in this process. So that encryption and beginning and the end of decryption main program.
decryption are evaluated and plotted. The key The measured decryption time is 88.007ms for
schedule time for this encryption and decryption is plaintext input shown in the Table 2. Likewise for
being tabulated in the experimental results section. different eight inputs corresponding decryption
The time of encryption and decryption for one times are tabulated.
round is also tabulated in the next section. All this
entire process is done in HP desktop 64-bit Table.2: Time of Encryption and Decryption for different inputs.
operating system with 4GB-RAM, i5 processor and
2.20 GHz frequency.

V. Experimental Results and Analysis

A block of pain text data is given as input

to the AES encryption algorithm. The resulting
cipher text is given as input to AES decryption
algorithm. A master key of size 128 bit is used by
both encryption and decryption algorithms.
Experiments are conducted to find out key set up
time, one round encryption time and full encryption
and decryption time.

A.Key setup time: This time is measured by using

tic toc command available in the MATLAB. This
command used at the beginning and end of the key
schedule code. The difference in time period
indicates the key setup time. The measured results
are tabulated in Table 2. The measured key set up Here, the time of decryption is greater than the time
time is ranging from 1.16 ms to 1.61 ms of encryption.
corresponding to various master key values. For the above time of encryption and
decryption table the corresponding bar chart is
Table.1: Key schedule time for different input keys.
drawn and plotted in the figure 3.

B.One round encryption time: This is measured

using the method described in key setup time
measurement. The tic toc command is placed at the
Fig.3: Bar chart for time of encryption and decryption
beginning and at the end of the first round. The

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 128

 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) – Volume 33 Number 3- March 2016

The above graph shows the time of His current research areas in Cryptography and its
encryption and decryption, blue colour indicates application to wireless systems and network
the encryption time and green colour indicates security. He has published and presented papers in
decryption time. journals, international and national level
On the x-axis the input values and on y- conferences.
axis time of encryption and decryption is taken, 3.Dr. S A K Jilani is working as the Professor and
first input has its own encryption and decryption project coordinator in the department of ECE,
time, like wise all for 8-inputs the corresponding Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Sciences,
outputs are plotted. Madanapalle. He has the teaching experience of
over -twelve years. He also worked as an R&D
E.Results and discussion: The measured results Professi- onal earlier in Electronics Industry. He
presented above are for MATLAB implementation obtained his PhD In the year 2002 and also
of AES on HP notebook 64bit OS, i5 processor. published more than 35 papers in different national
These results are compared with the results and international Journals. He has also guided more
published by Sambasiva Reddy et al [2]. The than 50 M.Tech, M.Sc, MCA, B.Tech Projects. His
MATLAB implementation is able execute within areas of interest are Artificial Intelligence,
88 ms, whereas Embedded Development Kit Computer Visions, Digital Signal Processing and
(EDK) requires 2.06 s [2]. Embedded Systems.

The MATLAB implementation is attractive for REFERENCES

deploying AES into various applications such as
image processing, video processing, etc. [1] Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Federal
Information, processing standards Publication 197,
November26,2001.
VI. Conclusion [2]M.SambasivaReddy,Mr.Y.AmbarBabu.”Evaluation of
Microblaze and implementation of AES Algorithm using
Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm Spartan 3-E.”International Journal of Advanced Research In
Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering.
is implemented in MATLAB for encrypting the
ISSN (Print):2320-3765, ISSN(online):2278-8875.
plain text and decrypting the cipher text. The [3] National Institute of Standards and Technology, “Federal
execution time is faster than the available published Information Processing Standard Publication 197, the Advanced
results. The highest decryption time is 88 ms, Encryption Standard(AES),” Nov. 2001.
[4] J. Daemen and V. Rijmen, The block cipher Rijndael,
which is faster than the EDK implementation by
Smart Card research and Applications, LNCS 1820, Springer-
Sambsiva Reddy et al [2]. This algorithm has wide Springer-Verlag, pp. 288-296
range of applications and is tested in single board [5] L.Thulasimani, M.Madheswaran. “Design And
computers like Raspberry Pi, Arduino, Intel Implementation of Reconfigurable Rijndael Encryption
Algorithms For Reconfigurable Mobile Terminals.”(IJCSE)
compute stick. Using Matlab, AES can be easily
International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering.Vol.
implemented for audio, image, video and signal 02, No. 04, 2010, 1003-1011
encryption and decryption. [6]A. Lee, NIST Special Publication 800-21, Guideline for
Implementing Cryptography in the Federal Government,
National Institute of Standards and Technology, November
1999.
AUTHORS DESCRIPTION [7] Prashanti.G, Deepthi.S & Sandhya Rani.K. “A Novel
Approach for Data Encryption Standard
1. D.LohitKumar is pursuing his M.Tech in the algorithm”.International Journal Of Engineering and
advancedTechnology.
stream of Micro & Nano electronics from
[8] Das Debasis, Misra Rajiv. “Programmable Cellular
Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Sciences, Automata Based Efficient Parallel AES Encryption Algorithm”.
Madanapalle. He completed his B.Tech in the International Journal of Network Security & Its
stream of Electronics and communication, from Applications(IJNSA) VOL.3 No.6, November 2011.
[9] N.Renuka Devi, G.Swathi,”A high Throughput ASIC
Sreenivasa Institute of Technology And
Implementation of configurable Advanced Encryption
Management Studies, Chittoor. His areas of interest Standard(AES) Processor.”IJCA special issue on Network
are Matlab, embedded systems, IC fabrication, and Security And Cryptography”NSC,2011.
Micro &Nano electronics. [10] Kalpana Parsi, Singaraju Sudha.”Data Security in Cloud
Computing using RSA Algorithm” IJRCCT, ISSN 2278-5841,
2. Dr.A.R.Reddy received his M.Sc from
Vol 1, Issue 4, September 2012. pp. 145.
Osmania University and M.Tech in Electrical and [11]M. Ravindra Babu and Dr. A. R. Reddy”Optimization Of
Electronics and communication Engineering from Memory For AES Rijndeal Algorithm Implementation On
IIT, Kharagpur during the year 1979 and his Ph.D Embedded System” International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology (IJERT). ISSN: : 2278-0181 Vol.1
degree from IIT, kharagpur during the year
Issue 7, September - 2012
1986.He worked as a senior scientist in R&D of ITI
Ltd, Bangalore for about 24 years. He is currently
working as a professor and head in the department
of Electronics and Communication, Madanapalle
Institute of Technology & Science. Madanapalle.

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 129

View publication stats