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Chemical Equilibria - K

This document discusses chemical equilibria and defines the equilibrium constant Kp in terms of partial pressures for gas reactions. It provides the formula for calculating Kp from the partial pressures of reactants and products at equilibrium. It also gives two examples of calculating Kp: 1) Using equilibrium mole amounts and total pressure to determine partial pressures and Kp. 2) Using initial amounts, equilibrium amounts of products, and total pressure to determine partial pressures and Kp.

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Beatriz Matthias
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40 views9 pages

Chemical Equilibria - K

This document discusses chemical equilibria and defines the equilibrium constant Kp in terms of partial pressures for gas reactions. It provides the formula for calculating Kp from the partial pressures of reactants and products at equilibrium. It also gives two examples of calculating Kp: 1) Using equilibrium mole amounts and total pressure to determine partial pressures and Kp. 2) Using initial amounts, equilibrium amounts of products, and total pressure to determine partial pressures and Kp.

Uploaded by

Beatriz Matthias
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemical Equilibria –

Kp
Equilibria
Topics
• Dynamic Equilibrium
• Kc
• Kp
• Le Chatelier’s Principle
Equilibria
Equilibrium Constant, Kp
• For reactions involving mixtures of gases, it is usually easier to
measure pressures of gases rather than concentrations.
• If the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture is known, then an
equilibrium constant, Kp can be expressed in terms of partial
pressures
• For the reaction aA (g) + bB (g) cC (g) + dD (g)

( pC) c ( pD)d
Kp 
( pA)a ( pB) b
• where pA is the partial pressure of species A in Pa or atm
• a, b, c, and d are the numbers of moles in the stoichiometric
equation of A, B, C, and D
• p in Kp refers to the equilibrium constant in terms of pressures
Equilibria
Equilibrium Constant, Kp
• E.g. for the gaseous reaction
H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2HI (g)
( pHI)2
Kp 
( pH2 )( pI2 )

• E.g. for the gaseous reaction

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)


( pNH3 ) 2
Kp 
( pN 2 )( pH 2 )3
Equilibria
Mole Fractions & Partial Pressures
• The mole fraction of a gas in the mixture can be used to determine
its partial pressure
• The mole fraction of a gas in a mixture is the fraction of that
particular gas in the mixture expressed in moles
number of moles of a particular gas
mole fraction 
total number of moles of gases in the mixture

• The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture is the pressure that the


gas would exert if it alone occupied the space containing the
mixture
partial pressure  total pressure mole fraction
Equilibria
Worked Examples Kp – #1
Calculating Kp from Equilibrium Moles of Gas:

Sulphur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulphur trioxide:


2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ` 2SO3 (g)
At equilibrium, the mixture contains 12.5 mol SO2, 87.5 mol O2 and 100
mol SO3. The total pressure of the mixture is 1.6 x 107 Pa. Calculate Kp.

Solution:
 Step 1: Use mole fractions to calculate the partial pressures at
equilibrium
 Step 2: Use the equilibrium expression to calculate Kp
Equilibria
Worked Examples Kp – #1
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) ` 2SO3 (g)

Equil moles 12. 5 mol 87.5 mol 100 mol


12.5 87.5 100
Equil partial pressures 1.6  107  1.6  107  1.6  107 
200 200 200
 1.0  106 Pa  7.0  106 Pa  8.0  106 Pa

p(SO3 )2
Kp 
p(SO2 )2 p(O2 ) Note: Use mole
fractions to calculate
(8.0 106 Pa) 2
 partial pressures.
(1.0 106 Pa)2  (7.0 106 Pa) 200 is the total
 9.110 6 Pa 1 # of moles of gas:
(12.5 + 87.5 + 100)
Equilibria
Worked Examples Kp – #2
• Calculating Kp from Initial Moles of Gas and the Equilibrium Moles of
the Product:

2 mol of nitrogen and 6 mol of hydrogen are mixed and allowed to


reach equilibrium at 680 C and 2 x 107 Pa pressure. At equilibrium, the
mixture contains 3 mol of ammonia. Calculate Kp.

Solution:
 Step 1: Write the balanced/stoichiometric equation for the reaction.
 Step 2: Calculate the moles at equilibrium
 Step 3: Use mole fractions to calculate the partial pressures at
equilibrium
 Step 4: Use the equilibrium expression to calculate Kp
Equilibria
Worked Examples Kp – #2
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ` 2NH3 (g)
Initial 2 mol 6 mol 0 mol
1 3
Change - (3) mol - (3) mol  3 mol
2 2
 -1.5 mol  -4.5 mol
Equil moles 0. 5 mol 1.5 mol 3 mol
0.5 1.5 3
Equil p 2  107  2  107  2  107 
5 5 5
 0.2  107 Pa  0.6  107 Pa  1.2  107 Pa
p(NH3 )2
Kp 
p(H2 ) p(H2 )3
(1.2  107 Pa) 2

(0.2  107 Pa) (0.6  107 Pa)3
 3.3 10 13 Pa  2

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