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System Noise Temperature, C/N / and G/T Ratio - PN: KTSB

1. Absorption and diffusion by gases and particles in the atmosphere can attenuate the signal strength over long distances. 2. Refraction caused by variations in atmospheric density can bend the signal path and distort the wavefront. 3. Ionospheric effects like refraction and dispersion can alter the signal propagation path and cause multipath issues. 4. Rain attenuation increases with frequency, rainfall rate, and path length through the rain and can significantly reduce signal power at heavy rainfall rates.

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Erik Jhonson
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219 views11 pages

System Noise Temperature, C/N / and G/T Ratio - PN: KTSB

1. Absorption and diffusion by gases and particles in the atmosphere can attenuate the signal strength over long distances. 2. Refraction caused by variations in atmospheric density can bend the signal path and distort the wavefront. 3. Ionospheric effects like refraction and dispersion can alter the signal propagation path and cause multipath issues. 4. Rain attenuation increases with frequency, rainfall rate, and path length through the rain and can significantly reduce signal power at heavy rainfall rates.

Uploaded by

Erik Jhonson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SYSTEM NOISE TEMPERATURE ,C/N 

AND G/T RATIO
/
• Thermal noise in its pre amplifier
Thermal noise in its pre amplifier
• PN=KTsB
• SYSTEM NOISE TEMPERATURE IS ALSO CALLED 
EFFECTIVE  INPUT NOISE TEMPERATURE OF THE 
RECEIVER.
RECEIVER
• IT IS DEFINED AS THE NOISE TEMPERATURE OF A 
NOISE SOURCE LOCATED AT THE INPUT OF A
NOISE SOURCE LOCATED AT THE INPUT OF A 
NOISELESS RECEIVER WHICH WILL PRODUCE THE 
SAME CONTRIBUTION TO THE RECIEVER OUT PUT
SAME CONTRIBUTION TO THE RECIEVER OUT PUT 
NOISE AS THE INTERNAL NOISE OF THE ACTUAL 
SYSTEM ITSELF
SYSTEM NOISE TEMPERATURE ,C/N 
AND G/T RATIO
/
• Ts is located at the input to the receiver.
is located at the input to the receiver
• RF amplifier
• IF amplifier
lifi
• Demodulator
• Over all gain at the receiver G
• Narrowest bandwidth is B
Narrowest bandwidth is B
• Noise power at the demodulator input is
Pn = KTS BG
Noise temp contt‐‐‐
Pr is the signal power at the input of the RF 
section of the receiver
section of the receiver 
signal power at the demodulator input will be 
PrG  
PrG

C PrG Pr
= =
N KTS BG KTs B
Pn = GIf KTIf B + GIf Gm KTm B + GIf GmGRF KB(TRF + Tin )
⎡ KTIff B KTm B ⎤
Pn = GIf GM GRf ⎢ + + KB(TRF + Tin )⎥
⎢⎣ GIf Gm GRf ⎥⎦
⎡ Tiff Tm ⎤
Pn = G If GM G Rf KB ⎢TRf + Tin + + ⎥
⎢⎣ Gm G Rf G RF ⎥⎦
Pn = G If GM G Rf KBTs
from above equation
⎡ Tif Tm ⎤
KTs B = KB ⎢TRf + Tin + + ⎥
⎢⎣ Gm G Rf G RF ⎥⎦
⎡ Tif Tm ⎤
Ts = ⎢TRf + Tin + + ⎥
⎢⎣ Gm G Rf G RF ⎥⎦
Noise temp cont‐‐‐
Noise temp cont
• G/T ratio is 40 7 db k‐1 at 4 GHz and 5
G/T ratio is 40.7 db k at 4 GHz and 50
elevation
• Gr varies with frequency f^2
Gr varies with frequency f^2
• Ts depends upon the sky noise temperature
Noise temp cont‐‐‐
Noise temp cont
⎛ λ ⎞
2

PT GT GR ⎜ ⎟
C ⎝ 4πd ⎠
=
N KTS BLA
N
N0 =
B
⎛C⎞ EIRP 
⎛ 4πd ⎞ GR
⎜ ⎟ = 10log PT GT − 20Log⎜ ⎟ + 10log −10LogLA
⎝ N ⎠dBHz ⎝ λ ⎠ TS
−10LogK
Gr/Ts  ‐‐ ratio is called figure of merit
Atmospheric and ionospheric
effect on link design
ff l kd
• Absorption
• refraction
• Diffusion(diffraction)
iff i (diff i )
• Rotation of polarization of plane
depend on path length more pronounced at 
g
small elevation angles
Absorption and diffusion‐‐‐ lower layers
‐‐‐‐ increase in noise power at receiving antenna
increase in noise power at receiving antenna
Atmospheric and ionospheric
effect on link design –cont‐
ff l kd
• Upper
Upper layer of atmosphere cause refraction 
layer of atmosphere cause refraction
and depolarization
• De polarization is produced when radio waves 
De polarization is produced when radio waves
traverse through the ionosphere layer.
• Below 10 GHz atmospheric attenuation is of 
B l 10 GH h i i i f
no importance
• atmosphere has a small effect on the link 
quality  at frequency between 2GHz and 10 
GHz for higher elevation angles 
Atmospheric and ionospheric
effect on link design –
ff l kd contt‐‐‐
• Rain
Rain attenuation 
attenuation
• Frequency, rainfall rate, diameter and 
distribution of rain drops
distribution of rain drops
A rain = γ r L e
• γr  specific rain attenuation 
• Le  effective path length
Few decibels at very heavy rainfall
Assignment 5
Assignment 5
• Explain
Explain various atmospheric parameters that 
various atmospheric parameters that
affect  satelite communication.

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