S

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING GUINDY

ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI 600025
APRIL 2019
MF 7612 CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE PROJECT

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SMART WASHING

BRUSH
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
ABHINAYA.K. S 2016109001
ABINATHAN.A 2016109002
ARAVINDH.B 2016109006
ELANGOVAN.V 2016109010

TO THE FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR ENGINEERING
In
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
ANNA UNIVERSITY,
CHENNAI 600025
 MF 7612 CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE PROJECT

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project work titled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF

SMART WASHING BRUSH”
is the bonafide work of

ABHINAYA.K. S 2016109001
ABINATHAN.A 2016109002
ARAVINDH.B 2016109006
ELANGOVAN.V 2016109010

Who carried out the project under my supervision.

DR.M.KANTHABABU DR.P.HARIHARAN
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT, SUPERVISOR,
Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering, PROFESSOR,
College of Engineering Guindy, Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering,
Anna University, College of Engineering Guindy,
Chennai-600025. Anna University, Chennai-600025.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere and hearty thanks to our guide DR .P .HARIHARAN,

Professor, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, College of Engineering
Guindy, Anna University for his consistent guidance and encouragement in our
project work.

We wish to thank DR. M. KANTHABABU, Professor and Head, Department of

Manufacturing Engineering for providing support towards the completion of the
project.

We would like to thank the external and internal examiners for taking their time to
evaluate our project. Their criticism has helped us to improve our project.

We would like to thank all the staff members of Department of Guindy for the help
rendered during the course of the project.

ABHINAYA.K. S 2016109001
ABINATHAN.A 2016109002
ARAVINDH.B 2016109006
ELANGOVAN.V 2016109010
 ANNA UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI 600025

ABSTRACT

Degree and Branch : BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

Month and Year of Submission : APRIL 2019

Title of the project : SMART WASHING BRUSH

Name of the student and roll number : ABHINAYA.K.S - 2016109001

ABINATHAN.A - 2016109002
ARAVINDH.B -2016109006
ELANGOVAN.V -2016109010

Name and Designation of Staff : DR. P. HARIHARAN

PROFESSOR,
Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering
College of Engineering Guindy
Anna University
Chennai 600025.
 The present device Smart Washing Brush is used to develop an alternate
solution to remove tough stains from the clothes which cannot be completely
removed by the washing machine.

Aim:
The objective of this project is to develop a cloth washing brush with liquid
detergent integrated in it.And we have planned to automate the rubbing action of
the brush.

Purpose:
Though we have the washing machines to wash our clothes, it is not very
effective in some cases. Sometimes the stains in the collar and other places is not
removed by the rotating action of the washing machines. In that cases the rubbing
action of the brush is very effective. Another problem is we have to use the soap
and brush individually.

Necessity:
This project can eliminate the use of soap and brush individually.

ABHINAYA.K. S 2016109001
ABINATHAN.A 2016109002
ARAVINDH.B 2016109006
ELANGOVAN.V 2016109010
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO TITLE PAGENO

ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 HISTORY OF THE BRUSH

1.2 HOW TO USE A CLOTH WASHING

BRUSH
1.3 MATERIALS USED FOR MAKING

BRUSH

2 FABRICATION OF THE BRUSH USING

3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 DESIGN FOR THE BRUSH

3 FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING

3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 WHAT IS FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING
3.3 THE PRINTER PLATFORM
3.4 THE NOZZLE/PRINTING HEAD
3.5 THE RAW MATERIAL
3.6 THE FDM 3D PRINTING PROCESS
3.7 ACCURACY OF FDM PRINTERS
3.8 REASON FOR CHOOSING FDM METHOD

4 MATERIAL USED IN MAKING THE BRUSH

4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 WHAT IS ABS
4.3 PROPERTIES OF ABS
4.4 PRODUCTION OF ABS
4.5 MACHINING OF ABS

5 QUICK RETURN MECHANISM

5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 WHAT IS QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
5.3 DESIGN OF QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
5.4 MECHANICS OF QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
5.4.1 KINEMATIC ANALYSIS
5.4.2 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
5.5 SPECIFICATIONS
6 FABRICATION AND MAKING OF THE
BRUSH

6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 FABRICATING THE BRUSH
6.3 MAKING OF THE QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
6.4 TESTING THE PRODUCT
6.5 COST INCURRED
6.6 FUTURE WORK
6.7 CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 HISTORY OF BRUSH

A brush is a common tool with bristles, wire or other filaments. It

generally consists of a handle or block to which filaments are affixed in either
a parallel or perpendicular orientation, depending on the way the brush is to be
gripped during use. The material of both the block and bristles or filaments is
chosen to withstand hazards of its intended use, such as corrosive chemicals,
heat or abrasion. It is used for cleaning, grooming hair, make up, painting,
surface finishing and for many other purposes. It is one of the most basic and
versatile tools in use today, and the average household may contain several
dozen varieties.

A common way of setting the bristles, brush filaments, in the brush is

the staple or anchor set brush in which the filament is forced with a staple by
the middle into a hole with a special driver and held there by the pressure
against all of the walls of the hole and the portions of the staple nailed to the
bottom of the hole. The staple can be replaced with a kind of anchor, which is
a piece of rectangular profile wire that is anchored to the wall of the hole, like

In most toothbrushes. Another way to attach the bristles to the surface can be
found in a fused brush, in which instead of being inserted into a hole, a plastic
fibre is welded to another plastic surface, giving the option to use different
diameters of bristles in the same brush.
 Brushes used for cleaning come in various sizes, ranging from that of a
toothbrush, to the standard household version accompanied by a dustpan, to
36" deck brushes. There are brushes for cleaning tiny cracks and crevices and
brushes for cleaning enormous warehouse floors. Brushes perform a multitude
of cleaning tasks. For example, brushes lightly dust the tiniest figurine, they
help scrub stains out of clothing and shoes, they remove grime from tires, and
they remove the dirt and debris found on floors with the help of a dust pan.
Specific brushes are used for diverse activities from cleaning vegetables, as
a toilet brush, washing glass, cleaning tiles, and as a mild abrasive
for sanding.

Your favourite clothes are, no doubt of value and almost certainly not
items of clothing you want to wash frequently. A run of colour or loss of
shape are all perils of the washing machine and dry cleaner. So to maintain a
dirt, dust and hair free wardrobe, a lint roller or a washing machine won’t
effectively remove anything more than superficial fluff.

The optimal solution is to invest in a good quality clothes brush, to

remove deep rooted dust, dirt and debris .

A 100% wool suit, for instance, takes much more care to maintain than
a poor-quality, synthetic version. But it’s worth it. You should really brush
the former after each time of wearing – it only take a couple of minutes. We
all know that washing a finely tailored wool suit is a no go but as alluded to
earlier, avoid dry-cleaning too. The chemical process is proven to weaken
fabric. You lose the bounce and the finish – they become shiny, flat and
lifeless. Instead, try a gentle steam in the bathroom for a freshen up or air by
a window then brush it plump up the fibres and restore the fabric’s lustre.
Use dry cleaning as a last resort, and a good one at that.

Often made with boar or horse hair, natural bristle clothes brushes are the
best you can buy. Cheaper alternatives are often made of synthetic nylon
and have less ‘give’, resulting in a harsher scrubbing or scratching of
delicate fabrics. A natural bristle offers better longevity too, potentially
lasting a lifetime whereas a synthetic bristle will wear out quicker.

For exceptionally soft, finely woven or velvet clothing you might wish to
use a velvet-faced lint brush. Even gentler than a natural bristle, a velvet-
faced lint brush will pick up fluff, hair and other clinging particles.

The better clothes brushes have bristles fitted into a handle. Good quality
materials will last a lifetime, matching the longevity of natural bristles. If
it’s ergonomically shaped it will also feel comfortable in the hand and easy
to wield.
1.2 HOW TO USE A CLOTH WASHING BRUSH

It’s important to use the clothes brush correctly to efficiently and effectively
remove dust, dirt and hair. It’s wise to brush with firm sweeping movements;
never scrub, but a strong flick is allowed. A clothes brush is primarily used for
cleaning surface debris, for anything deeper ensure you dampen the brush first...

Remember to brush in the same direction at all times, this will ensure the fabric
‘points’ the same way, as when light lands on the material it can looked ruffled
and untidy. For clothing stained with mud, you can consider a firmer bristle, so
long as it’s still natural bristle.

1.3 MATERIALS USED FOR MAKING CLOTH WASHING BRUSH

Carbon Fiber: A very fine fiber of 94% pure carbon. Fiber has a tensile strength of
525 Ksi, a tensile modulus of 33 Msi, and an electrical resistivity of .00055 Ohms-
in.

Nylon Abrasive: A long wearing abrasive nylon filament impregnated with

silicone carbide particles. We stock several filament diameters and silicone carbide
particle sizes.
Nylon - Type 6: Provides a good durable nylon with good recovery, temperature
stability and abrasion resistance at a low cost.

Nylon - Type 6.6: Top quality, medium- priced with higher stiffness, recovery, and
abrasion resistance than type 6. It has the highest heat distortion temperature of the
three nylons at 300o F.

Nylon - Type 6.12: Superior type nylon used in applications calling for low water
absorption. It has excellent bend recovery, and abrasion resistance. This is the
highest-grade nylon and they resist rot and mildew and discourage bacterial growth.
Type 6.12 Nylon bristles are FDA approved and widely used in medical brushes,
pharmaceutical brushes and food service brushes.

Nylon - Conductive: A type 6.6 nylon with an electrically conductive coating

suffused onto the surface for antistatic bristle brush applications.

Polyester: A polymer that replaces horsehair. Its features of toughness and high
temperature resistance resembles those of Nylon, but Polyester is noted for its
ability to recover without whip or slapping action – it will not mat. Polyester has
excellent resistance to all acids, alkalis, alcohols, gasoline, benzene and most
cleaning solvents. It is a medium- priced filament that resists mildew, bacteria and
fungus growth.
Peek: A durable thermoplastic that offers good chemical resistance and is ideal for
high heat and corrosive environments. Peek provides excellent flexural and tensile
strength up to 480o F.

Polyethylene: a soft durable material suitable for applications where abrasion is to

be avoided. These flexible bristles are very efficient for thorough washing and
polishing of delicate fruits and vegetables. Polyethylene is ideal for soft wiping
instead of a brushing action.

Polypropylene: A versatile low cost filament used for a wide variety of

applications. Polypropylene will not absorb moisture or odors and sheds dirt easily.

It has excellent wet stiffness, abrasive tip cleaning action, non- brittle.

Polystyrene: This material has replaced natural bristles for use where chemical
resistance is needed. Its stiff aggressive properties make it ideal for utility brushes,
coffee urn brushes, deck scrub brushes, and floor and garage brushes. Polystyrene
bristles wear longer, perform better, and yet carry a comparable price tag to natural
bristles.

PTFE: A Polymer that is inert to most chemicals, resistant to strong mineral and
oxidizing acids, along with alcohols, ketones, ethers, amines, esters, chlorinated
compounds and common cleaning solvents. PTFE has excellent property resilience
up to 500o F.

PVC: An economical material with a reasonable flex life, low friction resistance
and no loss of stiffness in water.

Static Dissipative Nylon: A type 6.12 Nylon with a surface resistivity of 109 that
does not shed or slough and is cleanroom compatible.

Statigo 9: A static dissipative Nylon that is thick enough to do mechanical work,

does not shed or slough and is cleanroom compatible.

Thunderon : An acrylic fiber that has been chemically bonded with a layer of
copper sulfide. This outer layer becomes a part of the host fiber itself, which
precludes the 'flaking' problem experienced by other conductive fibers. The fiber
diameter is as fine as .004 cm (.0015") and its conductive layer is a super thin 300-
1,000A (angstroms).
 CHAPTER 2
FABRICATION OF BRUSH USING 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

2.1 INTRODUCTION
 The newly developed brush will have three layers. The base layer will
contain the spikes for rubbing and holes for releasing the detergent.

 The intermediate layer will contain the liquid detergent. This layer is in
the shape of a rectangular container in which a sponge is placed and
filled with detergent.

 When the sponge is compressed detergent is released from the holes.

The compressive force for the sponge is given by springs.

2.2 DESIGN FOR THE BRUSH

The brush is designed using the Solid works software.

SolidWorks is a solid modeling computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided

engineering (CAE) computer program that runs on Microsoft Windows.
SolidWorks is published by Dassault Systems.
 CHAPTER 3

FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The brush is printed using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM).

3.2 WHAT IS FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING (FDM)?

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a 3D printing technique pioneered in

the 1990s by Stratasys. In fact, the term ‘FDM’ is the trademark of Stratasys. The
company continues to be a leader in manufacturing 3D printers all over the world,
including India.

Alternatively, the 3D printers that are based on this technology are also called as
Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Plastic Jet Printing (PJP) or material extruding
printers, which is the generic name for these 3D printers.

The 3D printers that work on FDM technology consist of the printer platform, a
nozzle (also called as printer head) and the raw material in the form of a filament.

3.3 THE PRINTER PLATFORM

The printer platform or the bed is typically made of some metal, ceramic or hard
plastic, and each successive layer is deposited on this platform.
3.4 THE NOZZLE / PRINTER HEAD

The nozzle of FDM printers is attached to a mechanical chassis which uses belt and
/ or lead screw systems to move it. The entire extrusion assembly is allowed to move
in X, Y and Z dimensions by a motorized system. A fourth motor called as the stepper
motor is used to advance the thermoplastic material into the nozzle. All the
movements of the head and the raw material are controlled by a computer.

3.5 THE RAW MATERIAL

The raw material is typically production grade thermoplastics, though sometimes

metal is used as well. The thermoplastic material is capable of being repeatedly
melted when exposed to heat and re-solidified when the heat is withdrawn. The
thermoplastic filament or metal wire is wound as a coil on a mounted spool. It is then
fed through the printer nozzle. The better class of 3D FDM printers allows the
temperature of the nozzle to be maintained just close to the glass transition
temperature of the material being extruded. This allows the material to be extruded
in a semi-liquid state, but return to solid state immediately. This results in a better
dimensional accuracy.

In principle, any thermoplastic can be used as raw material for FDM printers.
Commercially, a few of the popular choices of raw material include nylon,
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and its variations, polycarbonates, ply-lactic
acid, polystyrene and thermoplastic urethane. MED610, a raw material that Stratasys
provides is bio-compatible. Their ULTEM material too is certified by the aerospace
industry.
3.6 THE FDM 3D PRINTING PROCESS

When the FDM printer begins printing, the raw material is extruded as a thin filament
through the heated nozzle. It is deposited at the bottom of the printer platform, where
it solidifies. The next layer that is extruded fuses with the layer below, building the
object from the bottom up layer by layer.

Most FDM printers first print the outer edges, the interior edges next and lastly the
interior of the layer as either a solid layer or as a fill in matrix.

In some objects / models, there are fragile ‘overhangs’ that will droop unless they are
given some support. FDM printers incorporate a mechanism whereby these support
structures (called struts) are printed along with the object. They are later removed
once the build is complete. These struts are usually of the same material as the object.
Some printers have a second extruder to specifically deposit soluble thermoplastic
struts when there is a need to prevent the overhangs from drooping. These struts may
be of a different composition than the thermoplastic used for the 3D model. They are
later dissolved by an appropriate solvent.
 3.7 ACCURACY OF FDM PRINTERS
Remember that a 3D printer works by depositing raw material layer by layer alo
ng the X, Y and Z axis. The accuracy of the 3D printer therefore depends upon t
he minimum distance the nozzle can travel vertically (the Z axis). Minimum the
distance it can move, more the points along the sinusoid that it can capture, and
better the accuracy. For Stratasys 3D printers, which are the pioneers of the FD
M printers, the current best possible dimensional accuracy is about 0.127 mm. O
f course, the choice of raw material too plays an important part in achieving dim
ensional stability. It should also be remembered that the accuracy comes at the c
ost of printing time required.

3.8 REASON FOR CHOOSING FDM METHOD

A wide range of FDM printers are available in the market today

The raw material is inexpensive, durable and maintains dimensional integrity
There is a wide choice of raw material
They are affordable
Low turnaround time

.
 CHAPTER 4

MATERIAL USED IN MAKING THE BRUSH

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The material used for making the brush is Acrylonitrile

Butadiene Styrene (ABS).

4.2 WHAT IS ABS?

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) (chemical formula (C8H8) x·(C4H6) y·

(C3H3N) z) is a common thermoplastic polymer. Its glass transition temperature is
approximately 105 °C (221 °F). ABS is amorphous and therefore has no true
melting point.

ABS is a terpolymer made by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence

of polybutadiene. The proportions can vary from 15 to 35% acrylonitrile, 5 to
30% butadiene and 40 to 60% styrene. The result is a long chain of polybutadiene
criss-crossed with shorter chains of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile).
The nitrile groups from neighbouring chains, being polar, attract each other and
bind the chains together, making ABS stronger than pure polystyrene. The styrene
gives the plastic a shiny, impervious surface. The polybutadiene,
a rubbery substance, provides toughness even at low temperatures. For the majority
of applications, ABS can be used between −20 and 80 °C (−4 and 176 °F) as its
mechanical properties vary with temperature. The properties are created by rubber
toughening, where fine particles of elastomer are distributed throughout the rigid
matrix.
4.3 PROPERTIES OF ABS

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) (chemical formula (C8H8) x·(C4H6) y·

(C3H3N) z) is a common thermoplastic polymer. Its glass transition temperature is
approximately 105 °C (221 °F). ABS is amorphous and therefore has no true
melting point.

ABS is a terpolymer made by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence

of polybutadiene. The proportions can vary from 15 to 35% acrylonitrile, 5 to
30% butadiene and 40 to 60% styrene. The result is a long chain of polybutadiene
criss-crossed with shorter chains of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile).
The nitrile groups from neighbouring chains, being polar, attract each other and
bind the chains together, making ABS stronger than pure polystyrene. The styrene
gives the plastic a shiny, impervious surface. The polybutadiene,
a rubbery substance, provides toughness even at low temperatures. For the majority
of applications, ABS can be used between −20 and 80 °C (−4 and 176 °F) as its
mechanical properties vary with temperature. The properties are created by rubber
toughening, where fine particles of elastomer are distributed throughout the rigid
matrix.

The final properties will be influenced to some extent by the conditions under
which the material is processed to the final product. For example, molding at a high
temperature improves the gloss and heat resistance of the product whereas the
highest impact resistance and strength are obtained by molding at low temperature.

Fibers (usually glass fibers) and additives can be mixed in the resin pellets to make
the final product strong and raise the maximum operating temperature as high as
80 °C (176 °F). Pigments can also be added, as the raw material original color is
translucent ivory to white. The aging characteristics of the polymers are largely
influenced by the polybutadiene content, and it is normal to include antioxidants in
the composition. Other factors include exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which
additives are also available to protect against.

ABS polymers are resistant to aqueous acids, alkalis,

concentrated hydrochloric and phosphoric acids, alcohols and animal, vegetable and
mineral oils, but they are swollen by glacial acetic acid, carbon
tetrachloride and aromatic hydrocarbons and are attacked by
concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids. They are soluble in esters, ketones,
and ethylene dichloride.

Even though ABS plastics are used largely for mechanical purposes, they also have
electrical properties that are fairly constant over a wide range of frequencies. These
properties are little affected by temperature and atmospheric humidity in the
acceptable operating range of temperatures.
ABS is flammable when it is exposed to high temperatures, such as those of a
wood fire. It will melt and then boil, at which point the vapors burst into intense,
hot flames. Since pure ABS contains no halogens, its combustion does not typically
produce any persistent organic pollutants, and the most toxic products of its
combustion or pyrolysis are carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide.

ABS is also damaged by sunlight. This caused one of the most widespread and
expensive automobile recalls in US history due to the degradation of the seatbelt
release buttons.

ABS can be recycled, although it is not accepted by all recycling facilities.

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene is a common thermoplastic polymer. Its glass

transition temperature is approximately 105 °C. ABS is amorphous and therefore
has no true melting point. ABS is a terpolymer made by polymerizing styrene and
acrylonitrile in the presence of polybutadiene.

Formula: (C8H8·C4H6·C3H3N) n
Density: 1.060–1.080 g·cm−3
Solubility in water: Insoluble in water
PubChem CID: 24756
4.4 PRODUCTION OF ABS

ABS is derived from acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. Acrylonitrile is a

synthetic monomer produced from propylene and ammonia; butadiene is a
petroleum hydrocarbon obtained from the C4 fraction of steam cracking; styrene
monomer is made by dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene — a hydrocarbon obtained
in the reaction of ethylene and benzene.

ABS combines the strength and for its hardness, gloss, toughness, and electrical
insulation properties.

According to the European plastic trade association Plastics Europe, industrial

production of 1 kg (2.2 lb.) of ABS resin in Europe uses an average of
95.34 MJ (26.48 kW⋅h) and is derived from natural gas and petroleum.

4.5 MACHINING OF ABS

ABS is easily machined. Common machining techniques include turning, drilling,

milling, sawing, die-cutting and shearing. ABS can be cut with standard shop tools
and line bent with standard heat strips. ABS can be chemically affixed to itself and
other like-plastics.When extruded into a filament, ABS plastic is a common
material used in 3D printers.
 CHAPTER 5

QUICK RETURN MECHANISM

5.1 INTRODUCTION

The automatic rubbing motion is given by Quick Return mechanism.

5.2 WHAT IS QUICK RETURN MECHANISM

A quick return mechanism is an apparatus to produce a reciprocating

motion in which the time taken for travel in one direction is less than in the other. It
is driven by a circular motion source (typically a motor of some sort) and uses a
system of links and sliding joints.

Quick return is a common feature of tools in which the action is

performed in only one direction of the stroke, such as shapers and powered saws,
because it allows less time to be spent on returning the tool to its initial position.

5.3 DESIGN OF THE QUICK RETURN MECHANISM

 The disc influences the force of the arm, which makes up the frame of
reference of the quick return mechanism.

 The frame continues to an attached rod, which is connected to the

circular disc.
  Powered by a motor, the disc rotates and the arm follows in the same
direction (linear and left-to-right, typically) but at a different speed.

 When the disc nears a full revolution, the arm reaches its furthest
position and returns to its initial position at a quicker rate, hence its
name.

 Throughout the cut, the arm has a constant velocity.

 Upon returning to its initial position after reaching its maximum

horizontal displacement, the arm reaches its highest velocity.

 The quick return mechanism was modelled after the crank and slider
(arm), and this is present in its appearance and function.

 But the crank is usually hand powered and the arm has the same rate
throughout an entire revolution, whereas the arm of a quick return
mechanism returns at a faster rate.

 The "quick return" allows for the arm to function with less energy
during the cut than the initial cycle of the disc.

5.4 MECHANICS OF QUICK RETURN MECHANISM

5.4.1 KINEMATIC ANALYSIS

Breaking the mechanism up into separate vectors and components allows us to

create a kinematic analysis that can solve for the maximum velocity, acceleration,
and force the mechanism is capable of in three-dimensional space. Most of the
equations involved in the quick return mechanism setup originate from Hamilton's
principle.

The position of the arm can be found at different times using the substitution
of Euler's formula into the different components that have been pre-determined,
according to the setup.

This substitution can solve for various radii and components of the
displacement of the arm at different values. Trigonometry is needed for the
complete understanding of the kinematic analyses of the mechanism, where the
entire design can be transcribed onto a plane layout, highlighting all of the vector
components.

An important concept for the analysis of the velocity of the disc relative to the arm
is the angular velocity of the disc:

If one desires to calculate the velocity, one must derive the angles of
interaction at a single moment of time, making this equation useful.

5.4.2 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

In addition to the kinematic analysis of a quick return mechanism, there is a

dynamic analysis present. At certain lengths and attachments, the arm of the
mechanism can be evaluated and then adjusted to certain preferences.
 For example, the differences in the forces acting upon the system at an instant
can be represented by D'Alembert's principle.

Depending on the structural design of the quick return mechanism, the law
of cosines can be used to determine the angles and displacements of the arm. The
ratio between the working stroke (engine) and the return stroke can be simplified
through the manipulation of these concepts.[7]

Despite similarities between quick return mechanisms, there are many

different possibilities for the outline of all forces, speeds, lengths, motions,
functions, and vectors in a mechanism.

5.5 SPECIFICATIONS

When using a machine that involves this mechanism, it is very important to

not force the machine into reaching its maximum stress capacity; otherwise, the
machine will break. The durability of the machine is related to the size of the arm
and the velocity of the disc, where the arm might not be flexible enough to handle a
certain speed. Creating a graphical layout for a quick return mechanism involves all
inversions and motions, which is useful in determining the dimensions for a
functioning mechanism.

A layout would specify the dimensions of the mechanism by highlighting

each part and its interaction among the system. These interactions would
include torque, force, velocity, and acceleration. By relating these concepts to their
respective analyses (kinematics and dynamics), one can comprehend the effect each
part has on another.
QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
 CHAPTER 6
FABRICATION AND MAKING OF THE BRUSH

6.1 INTRODUCTION
The brush is fabricated and it is automated using the Quick Return
Mechanism.

6.2 FABRICATING THE BRUSH

The brush is fabricated using the Fused Deposition Modelling

Technology.
6.3 MAKING OF QUICK RETURN MECHANISM

The Quick Return Mechanism was made by the simple components

available.

 Battery
 10 rpm DC Motor
 DC Couplings
 Wooden boards
 Sliding rails

6.4 TESTING THE PRODUCT

Finally the brush was linked with the mechanism and it was tested. The
mechanism worked successfully and it achieved the purpose of the design. The
cloth to be washed is held on a base plate. The brush will be directly attached to the
quick return mechanism. The rotary movement is obtained by the motor. This
motion is transferred by the slotted link to the sliding rails which is attached to the
brush. The brush is attached to this rod and it will slide over the cloth and rub it.
6.5 COST INCURRED

S.NO COMPONENTS COST(IN RUPEES)

1 3D printing of the brush 850

2 Plywood, rail, motor 650

3 DC coupler 250

4 Screw and clamp 70

5 Bolt and nut ,sponge 30

6 Total cost 1900

6.6 FUTURE WORK

We have planned to develop fixtures to integrate the new brush along with
the washing machine.

6.7 CONCLUSION
It saves time that is required for using the soap separately. It overcomes
one of the defects of the washing machine. It is time saving and can be easily used
by everyone.It is eco-friendly.