GF Midterm Blank Reviewer
GF Midterm Blank Reviewer
GF Midterm Blank Reviewer
- A statement of national goals as limited both - Capacity to craft foreign policy because it is
absolutely and relatively by national power sovereign
*a state must view the situational factors from the Agreement – the only way by which states
point of view of its national interest and determine supposed to be equal and sovereignty.
the relative priorities to be given to different goals
2 ways to secure the agreement in pursuit of
and the establish and evaluate its own courses of
its own Foreign Policy;
action.
*compel agreement by force either by using
*each state must devote a large portion of its
coercive or semi-coercive techniques
capability to face up with the policy moves of other
states either by resisting, cooperating, or *free consent won agreement by the parties
accommodating depending upon how its own concerned.
National Interest is affected.
- the more free consent the less it needs to force
Negotiation – when they seek the same thing in its objectives
equal measure.
- the less consent is available the greater amount
Compensation – a method used by states who are is needed
caught in this quandary. When states have come out
2 ELEMENTS: TANGIBLE AND
as rivals for the same thing and one state gains an
INTANGIBLE FACTORS
advantage which brings it nearer towards their
common goal, this touches off attempts on the other TANGIBLE (STABLE)
states to seek compensation by others.
1) Geography (most stable factor)
They may try to offset the gain by resistance o 2) population and man power
retaliatory action. 3) industrial and agricultural production
4) natural resources (food & raw materials)
State Action
5) military organization/preparedness and
4 Categories power-in-being (primary source of
national power)
1) Political Action – which is done through the
mechanism of its diplomatic representation INTANGIBLE (CHANGING)
1) population
2) national character *cession – may be done voluntarily by sale or
3) social structure donation of territory or involuntarily by spoils of
4) national morale (capacity of gov) war.
5) education and technology
*acquisition and subjugation – by threat or use of
6) quality of diplomacy (brain of national
force is illegal and prohibits by united nation.
power)
7) balance of resources *accretion – natural when forces such as currents
and sea action adds to the territory of a state and by
artificial means such as by damming or reclamation
State Capacity as an element of the larger concept of land from the sea.
of Foreign Policy may be viewed in terms of
Right of Self-Defense
concentric circles of three rings.
It is an inherent right of a state to defend itself,
a) Geography and Natural resources include
much like and individual person.
minerals, food production and energy power
b) Industrial Establishment, Military Article 51 of the Charter provides for the right to
Establishment and Changes in Industrial self defense if an armed attack occurs against a
and Military capacities member of UN, until the security council has taken
c) The Human Elements or Factors the measure necessary to maintain international
1) Policy makers and leaders peace and security.
2) The role of ideology
Right of Sovereignty
3) The role of information
- To which a recognized state such as the
RIGHTS OF STATE
Philippines is entitled to.
Under I-law Fundamental Rights of State - Sovereignty and independence are attributes
(inherent rights) of a state which would enable it to determine
its own form of government, allow it to enter
1) Right to Existence, integrity and self-
into treaties and foreign relations, determine
preservation
its own national policies such as defense,
2) Right to sovereignty and independence
resources, currencies, and so forth.
3) Right to equality
4) Right to property and jurisdiction Intervention threat to sovereignty and
5) Right of legation or diplomatic intercourse independence.
Right of Existence Right of Equality
- It has the right to survive by maintaining its - “Equality before the Law” and not political
physical territorial integrity and its valid or economic equality for certainly states are
demands for expansion or the right to by their nature larger or more powerful than
acquire additional territory according to the others.
principles of international law. - Right to certain exterritorial rights and
diplomatic immunities and the right of their
*prescription – mode of acquiring territory by
heads of state, their flag and symbols and
continuous, public and adverse possession of some
coats of arms to be respected by other
other state’s territory for a reasonable length of
state.
time.
Right of Property and Jurisdiction
- A state has jurisdictional rights over all 3) The duty to treat all persons under its
persons and things within its boundaries jurisdiction with respect for human rights
and fundamental freedoms
4) The duty to respect the property rights and
3 categories jurisdictional processes of other states
5) Duty to settle its disputes with other states
1) The territorial domain
by peaceful means and to conduct its
2) The marital or fluvial domain
relations with other states according to
3) The aerial domain
international law.
International Law’s Exception
*Foreign Policy should be supported by the people
1) The state of being a condominium as they are final repository of sovereignty.
2) The existence of spheres of influence
*government is only the agent in the formulation
3) The state of being a colonial dependency or
and execution of Foreign Policy in people’s behalf.
colonial protectorate or a trust territory
4) The existence of easements
5) The principle of exterritoriality
COMPARATIVE FOREIGN POLICIES
6) The principle of extraterritoriality
7) the rules on the jurisdiction of treaty over British Foreign Policy
crimes committed on board foreign ships
- a study of British foreign policy would entail
inside territorial waters
an understanding of its national background,
8) the presence of a lease hold or the existence
its policy making process, the substance of
of treaty stipulations
its Foreign Policy.
Right of Legation - 94,000 sqm
- Developed and economic system of trading
- it is based on common consent by the states
manufactures for the raw materials of her
themselves.
colonies and the rest of the world.
Chief of State (president) - Developed coal industry which fueled her
factories.
- the sole organ of the nation in its external
- Industrialization caused England to become
relations and is the sole representative with
largely urban and her agricultural population
foreign nations.
was greatly reduced to 5% of her entire
- Shapes and formulates Foreign Policy and
population.
appoints diplomatic representatives abroad
- Small enough land to manage itself until she
to execute his announced policy.
had expanded into her colonies around the
State of Obligations world.