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Automatic Water Level Indicator and Controller using Arduino

(/microcontroller-projects/water-level-indicator-project-using-arduino)
By (page_author.html)Saddam (/users/saddam)  Nov 04, 2015 69

Water Level Indicator and Controller Project using Arduino

In this Arduino based automatic water level indicator and controller project we are going to measure the water level by using ultrasonic sensors. Basic
principal of ultrasonic distance measurement (http://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-ultrasonic-sensor-based-distance-
measurement) is based on ECHO. When sound waves are transmitted in environment then they return back to the origin as ECHO after striking on any
obstacle. So we have to only calculate its traveling time of both sounds means outgoing time and returning time to origin after striking on any obstacle.
And after some calculation we can get a result that is the distance. This concept is used in our water controller project where the water motor pump is
automatically turned on when water level in the tank becomes low. You can also check this simple water level indicator circuit
(http://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/water-level-indicator-alarm-circuit) for a simpler version of this project.

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leak detection arduino based water level controller


 
Components
1. Arduino Uno
2. Ultrasonic sensor Module
3. 16x2 LCD
4. Relay 6 Volt
5. ULN2003
6. 7806
7. PVT
8. Copper wire
9. 9 volt battery or 12 Voltadaptor
10. Connecting wires

Ultrasonic Sensor Module

Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 is used to measure distance in range of 2cm-400cm with accuracy of 3mm. The sensor module consists of ultrasonic
transmitter, receiver and the control circuit.

The ultrasonic sensor module works on the natural phenomenon of ECHO of sound. A pulse is sent for about 10us to trigger the module. After which the
module automatically sends 8 cycles of 40 KHz ultrasound signal and checks its echo. The signal after striking with an obstacle returns back and is
captured by the receiver. Thus the distance of the obstacle from the sensor is simply calculated by the formula given as

            Distance= (time x speed)/2.

Here we have divided the product of speed and time by 2 because the time is the total time it took to reach the obstacle and return back. Thus the time to
reach obstacle is just half the total time taken.

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OPEN

Working of Automatic Water Level Controller

Working of this project is very simple we have used Ultrasonic sensor module which sends the sound waves in the water tank and detects reflection of
sound waves that is ECHO. First of all we needs to trigger the ultrasonic sensor module to transmit signal by using Arduino and then wait to  receive
ECHO. Arduino reads the time between triggering and received ECHO.  We know that speed of sound is around 340 m/s. so we can calculate distance by
using given formula:

Distance= (travel time/2) * speed of sound

Where speed of sound is approximately 340m per second.

By using this methods we gets distance from sensor to water surface. After it we need to calculate water level.

Now we need to calculate the total length of water tank. As  we know the length of water tank then we can calculate the water level by subtracting
resulting distance coming from ultrasonic from total length of tank. And we will get the water level distance. Now we can convert this water level in to the
percent of water, and can display it on LCD. The working of the complete water level indicator project is shown in below block diagram.

Circuit Diagram and Explanation

As shown in the water level controller circuit given below, Ultrasonic sensor module’s “trigger” and “echo” pins are directly connected to pin 10 and 11 of
arduino. A 16x2 LCD is connected with arduino in 4-bit mode (http://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-lcd-interfacing-tutorial). Control
pin RS, RW and En are directly connected to arduino pin 7, GND and 6. And data pin D4-D7 is connected to 5, 4, 3 and 2 of arduino,  and buzzer is
connected at pin 12. 6 Volt relay is also connected at pin 8 of arduino through ULN2003 for turning on or turning off the water motor pump. A voltage
regulator 7805 is also used for providing 5 volt to relay and to remaining circuit.


 (/fullimage?i=circuitdiagram_mic/Water-level-

controller-circ.gif)
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schematic software

water level sensor

In this circuit Ultrasonic sensor module is placed at the top of bucket (water tank) for demonstration. This sensor module will read the distance between
sensor module and water surface, and it will show the distance on LCD screen with message “Water Space in Tank is:”. It means we are here showing
empty place of distance or volume for water instead of water level. Because of this functionality we can use this system in any water tank. When empty
water level reaches at distance about 30 cm then Arduino turns ON the water pump by driving relay. And now LCD will show “LOW Water Level” “Motor
turned ON”, and Relay status LED will start glowing

Now if the empty space reaches at distance about 12 cm arduino turns OFF the relay and LCD will show “Tank is full” “Motor Turned OFF”. Buzzer also
beep for some time and relay status LED will turned OFF.

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Programming
To program Arduino for water level controller, first we define all the pin that we are going to use in the project for interfacing external devices like relay,
LCD, buzzer etc.

#define trigger 10
#define echo 11
#define motor 8
#define buzzer 12

Then we initialize all the devices used in project.

lcd.begin(16,2);
pinMode(trigger,OUTPUT);
pinMode(echo,INPUT);
pinMode(motor, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
lcd.print(" Water Level ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Indicator ");
delay(2000);

Now initialize the ultrasonic sensor module and read time of sending and receiving time of ultrasonic waves or sound by using pulseIn(pin). Then
perform calculations and display the result on 16x2 LCD by using appropriate functions.

digitalWrite(trigger,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
time=pulseIn(echo,HIGH);
distance=time*340/20000;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Water Space In ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Tank is: ");
lcd.print(distance);
lcd.print("Cm");

After it we check conditions if water tank is full or water level is LOW, and take actions accordingly.

if(distance<12 && temp==0)

{
digitalWrite(motor, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Water Tank Full ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Motor Turned OFF");
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
delay(3000);
temp=1;
}

else if(distance<12 && temp==1)

{
digitalWrite(motor, LOW);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Water Tank Full ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Motor Turned OFF");
delay(5000);
}

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
Code
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

 
#define trigger 10

#define echo 11
#define motor 8

#define buzzer 12
 

LiquidCrystal lcd(7,6,5,4,3,2);
 

float time=0,distance=0;
int temp=0; 

void setup()

{
 lcd.begin(16,2);

 pinMode(trigger,OUTPUT);
 pinMode(echo,INPUT);

 pinMode(motor, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);

 lcd.print("  Water Level ");

 lcd.setCursor(0,1);

 lcd.print("   Indicator  ");

 delay(2000);

}
 

void loop()
{

 lcd.clear();

 digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);
 delayMicroseconds(2);

 digitalWrite(trigger,HIGH);

 delayMicroseconds(10);

 digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);

 delayMicroseconds(2);
 time=pulseIn(echo,HIGH);

 distance=time*340/20000;

 lcd.clear();

 lcd.print("Water Space In  ");

 lcd.setCursor(0,1);

 lcd.print("Tank is: ");

 lcd.print(distance);

 lcd.print("Cm");
 delay(2000);

 if(distance<12 && temp==0)

 {

     digitalWrite(motor, LOW);
     digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);

     lcd.clear();

     lcd.print("Water Tank Full "); 

     lcd.setCursor(0,1);
     lcd.print("Motor Turned OFF");

     delay(2000);

     digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);

     delay(3000);

     temp=1;
 }

  else if(distance<12 && temp==1)

 {
     digitalWrite(motor, LOW);

     lcd.clear();

     lcd.print("Water Tank Full ");

     lcd.setCursor(0,1);
     lcd.print("Motor Turned OFF");

     delay(5000);

 }

 
 else if(distance>30)

 {

   digitalWrite(motor, HIGH);

   lcd.clear();
   lcd.print("LOW Water Level");

   lcd.setCursor(0,1);

   lcd.print("Motor Turned ON");

   delay(5000);

   temp=0;
 }

TAGS ARDUINO (/TAGS/ARDUINO) ARDUINO UNO (/TAGS/ARDUINO-UNO) WATER LEVEL INDICATOR (/TAGS/WATER-LEVEL-INDICATOR)

RELAY (/TAGS/RELAY) ULTRASONIC SENSOR (/TAGS/ULTRASONIC-SENSOR) SENSORS (/TAGS/SENSORS) EMBEDDED (/TAGS/EMBEDDED)

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COMMENTS

Mohammed S M Nayon
Dec 16, 2015

I'm new with it. Tell me how to collect the code?

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adane mekonnen
Apr 04, 2018

thank you , becuse i support for my idea

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Abhishek (/users/abhishek)
Dec 17, 2015
(/users/abhishek)
Collect the code means? Check this article for Getting started with Arduino
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(http://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-uno-led-blinking) 
 iman maulana
Dec 30, 2015

Can you tell me how to connect arduino to water pump using relay modul 4 channel?
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Maddy (/users/maddy)
Feb 08, 2016
(/users/maddy)
use only one channel or one relay.
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suresh
Jan 29, 2016

Hi sir,
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I have two tank and I like to monitor one tank with ultrasonic sensor with this circuit , Is it possible ?
how can I make connection and how modify the codes

F8EBL radio
Feb 03, 2016

WARNING !!
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In the circuit diagram above,, arduino +V supply is connected to +12v unreg. source.
Should be fed by +5V regulator.
relay should have 12 V supply. .
So take care to swap those supply if you want it to work and not smoke..
As this circuit involves lethal voltages, don t try to reproduce it if you don t know anything about electricity / electronics, .

Don Arduino gizmo

May 05, 2017

F8EBL Radio..... The 'Vin' on the Aeduino Uno is between 7 to 12v and as per the schematic diagram it is being sent from
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a battery. All should be fine.

Veilantah Ramirez
Jul 15, 2017

I think the Aeduino Uno is just fine with 7 to 12v..

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boaz
Feb 04, 2016

whats the meaning of ''temp'' in the code

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saddam khan
Feb 07, 2016

 temp is used as a variable.

we can say temporary variable.

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shriyash patil
Jan 09, 2018

temp is a temperory variable created to save the data for a temporarily use
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suman
Feb 12, 2016

why delay is given in every step?

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Bongumusa
Feb 28, 2016

On the component list I see PVT, but on the schematic diagram I can't locate it, please help me with that one
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Amir Hakim Bin ...

Mar 16, 2016

i have insert this coding into the arduino uno r3 module in proteus to do the simulation of the program. but it only light up the
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lcd display without showing any information on the lcd..thank you for your guidance

Abhishek (/users/abhishek)
Mar 28, 2016
(/users/abhishek)
How are you simulating Ultrasonic sensor?
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adli
Feb 13, 2017

by using proteus 8, after entrepreting the data of ardunio software, then insert it to arduino uno in the proteus. the try
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do the simulation process. same as for me, it only light up the lcd but not showing any result. this is because the sensor
not detecting any distance

sanoj k
Mar 17, 2016

sir ,
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can u please tell which relay i should use in this circuit. i am having a motor which takes 0.37kw power (230v from the mains.
can i use small 5v em relay ? or should i use SSR ? 
 Abhishek (/users/abhishek)
Mar 28, 2016
(/users/abhishek)
yes, you can use 5v Relay.
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Rajib shresths
Mar 22, 2016

how to get library file of lcd

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Abhishek (/users/abhishek)
Mar 28, 2016
(/users/abhishek)
Its a core library of Arduino, you don't need to install it, it is already there.
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Anthony Tortolani
Apr 15, 2016

hi, I'm a little new with Arduino, I'm getting error: 'lcd' was not declared in this scope, can you please tell me what I'm doing
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wrong? I copied and pasted the whole code in the void setup section, tried to install adafruit libraries, but still getting this error.

Anthony Tortolani
Apr 16, 2016

Hi, I was pasting the code on a wrong way, I already fixed that, but still having problems when checking the code, I have this
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error:

ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:7: error: 'lcd' does not name a type

lcd.begin(16,2);
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:8: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
pinMode(trigger,OUTPUT);
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:9: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
pinMode(echo,INPUT);
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:10: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
pinMode(motor, OUTPUT);
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:11: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:12: error: 'lcd' does not name a type
lcd.print(" Water Level ");
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:13: error: 'lcd' does not name a type
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:14: error: 'lcd' does not name a type
lcd.print(" Indicator ");

^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:15: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
delay(2000);
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:17: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
digitalWrite(trigger,HIGH);
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:18: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
delayMicroseconds(10);
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:19: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
digitalWrite(trigger,LOW);
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:20: error: expected constructor, destructor, or type conversion before '(' token
delayMicroseconds(2);
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:21: error: 'time' does not name a type
time=pulseIn(echo,HIGH);
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:22: error: 'distance' does not name a type
distance=time*340/20000;
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:23: error: 'lcd' does not name a type
lcd.clear();
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:24: error: 'lcd' does not name a type
lcd.print("Water Space In ");
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:25: error: 'lcd' does not name a type
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:26: error: 'lcd' does not name a type
lcd.print("Tank is: ");
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:27: error: 'lcd' does not name a type
lcd.print(distance);
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:28: error: 'lcd' does not name a type
lcd.print("Cm");
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:30: error: expected unqualified-id before 'if'
if(distance<12 && temp==0)
^
ultrasonic_water_level_sensor.ino:44: error: expected unqualified-id before 'else'
else if(distance<12 && temp==1)
^
exit status 1
'lcd' does not name a type

Please help!

 Gautam Kr. Mandal
Jun 01, 2016

Dear Sir, I've decided to take up this project for my water tank. By please clear following doubts. Will this circuit switch on or
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off the pump and display the full or empty condition only? If I want intermediate status of water level, what code is required? Pl give
that code for continuous monitoring of water level. Moreover the circuit is meant for display to be placed near the pump only? If I
want to keep the controller i.e arduino with display at remote place with minimum no. of long cabling, what to do? Thank you.

syed ehsan
Jun 04, 2016

i have insert this coding into the arduino uno r3 module in proteus to do the simulation of the program. but it only light up the
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lcd display without showing any information on the lcd..thank you for your guidance

yedukn
Jun 10, 2016

When the program runs and if the conditions are going to turn on the motor, the 8th pin continuously becomes ON until the
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condition for OFF executes.

ie, if we add
Serial.println("ON");
with digitalWrite(motor,HIGH);

the output in the serial monitor will be like this;

ON
ON
ON
ON
ON
ON

and so on.....until an OFF reaches.

Does this makes any problem to the relay driver or to the relay or to the motor? Does the program needs any modifications or not?

Niraj
Jun 25, 2016

for relay input 5v can given into arduion board??

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abhi
Aug 22, 2016

i try to make this project through this way. but in simulation in proteus the lcd display did not showing any type of information
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. can you please help us. i never make any changes in programing too...


 Abhishek (/users/abhishek)
Aug 22, 2016
(/users/abhishek)
Try changing the code LiquidCrystal lcd(7,6,5,4,3,2); to LiquidCrystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7);
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dexter
Dec 18, 2016

thank you so much for this!

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krishna
Aug 30, 2018

tq for replay i have change the code and its work

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Md. Abu Raihan

Nov 17, 2016

On the component list I see 7806 and PVT, but on the schematic diagram I can't locate it, please help me..I want to do this
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project.

Maddy (/users/maddy)
Dec 10, 2016
(/users/maddy)
IC 7806 is clearly shown in circuit diagram and PVT is green color's terminal block on Relay board, you
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can see in image on the top.

ell
Nov 25, 2016

hello, the code is giving me some errors when i try to run it with turbo C.
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Keito
Jan 17, 2017

Is it also possible if I wan't to add a dispense in the water controller? Example, if I want to maintain this specific water level,
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any excess water added will be dispense automatically.

irfan
Jan 28, 2017

when i can past this code lcd cannot display any think plzz urgently tell me about it
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NITHIN S U 
Feb 09, 2017
 Dear Sir, I've decided to take up this project for my water tank. By please clear following doubts. Will this circuit switch on or
off the pump and display the full or empty condition only? If I want intermediate status of water level, what code is required?
Pl give that code for continuous monitoring of water level. Moreover the circuit is meant for display to be placed near the
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pump only? If I want to keep the controller i.e arduino with display at remote place with minimum no. of long cabling, what to do?
Thank you.

Nasir
Apr 18, 2017

Hey.
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I am willing to make this for my water tank which is located at the 3rd floor of my house.
My question is that if i place Ultrasonic sensor inside the tank and place remaining assembly at ground floor then should i use any
amplifier for the Ultrasonic sensor or the transmitted signal will be enough to travel to ground floor without any disturbance?

Mohammed Sulaiman
Jul 17, 2017

I didn't understand why you use U2 (ULN2003) for control a 6V or 12V relay? it's enough to control with BC547 and it will be
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more power saver.

chucky
Jul 24, 2017

i want to use a relay instead of a motor. can some one help me with the code, im new to ardiuno
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sachin mahajan
Jul 24, 2017

sir, what is the need of steeoer motor in these project. can i use simple motor instead of steeper motor
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Luyanda
Aug 05, 2017

How to add keypad in this circuit to selecm9t required water level please help
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Omair
Sep 24, 2017

Hello, Instead of displaying water level on LCD, can we send sms to predefine mobile numbers using GSM module but it
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should not flood the inbox with messages that tank is now emply. if yes then can someone help me with the software code as I am
new to this and I have no software background. My objective is i need to automate underground water tank and tank notify me
when the water level reached to certain low level so that i can call the water company and they come and fill up my underground
tank. 
 samson
Oct 23, 2017

i copied the simulation and code correctly but only the motor is rotate, buzzer and lcd are not working what may be the fault
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manoj
Oct 26, 2017

why we use "temp" variable ?

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manpreet singh
Nov 11, 2017

hello sir
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I have
1 sound senseor
2 HC-05 Buletooth module
sir,how to interface soundsensor with HC-05 module when tank is fullHC-05 trans =mit signal to other HC-05 module and get
output on Buzzer or LCd

AISHA (/users/aisha-0)
Nov 14, 2017
(/users/aisha-0)
Hi manpreet,

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You cannot use a HC-05 Bluetooth module without a Microcontroller because they work with USART

suriya
Nov 15, 2017

how to use arduino codes for this project????im really confused..

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Aswinth Raj (/users/aswinth-raj)

Nov 18, 2017
(/users/aswinth-raj)
Why? What confuses you?

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MOATH AL-HARBI
Nov 19, 2017

Can anyone help me answer the following questions?

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1. How can I modify the code if I want to add another ultrasound sensor for the ground tank?

2. What does 12V represents? ( Does it represents computer connection ? )
 Thank you

Sabyasachi pal
Dec 21, 2017

How to stop running dry pump if reservoir water get empty?

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Assaf faisal
Jan 06, 2018

Hi
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Can we get the water level signal sent to a mobile by a Bluetooth or remote signal device connected to the board.

dipen
Feb 08, 2018

we compleate this circuit but code is wrong in this site lcd is light up but no words are visible please send right code
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Vaishnavi
Mar 14, 2018

I've tried this project and connected everything as directed. But mu lcd is not showing any display in it. Plzz help me out sir
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as early as possible

sukruth
Mar 15, 2018

Can i use this automatic water level indicator and controller as fuel level indicator.If yes please provide the circuit diagram for
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the fuel level indicator also

Victor
Mar 16, 2018

Hello there..please can i replace the arduino uno with an arduino nano?..if yes,what changes do i make to the schematic and
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code

AISHA (/users/aisha-0)
Mar 16, 2018
(/users/aisha-0)
Yes you can use nano, no changes are needed in the code and hardware, just connect the pins on

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nano just as you connect to to a UNO


 Kapil Chouhan
Mar 17, 2018

Hi sir... I wanted to know what's the use of temp here and what kind of data it is holding.
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Thomas Joseph
Mar 26, 2018

Dear Sir,
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Very interesting project and it is working fine … i have request on this program.

As per this code motor turn ON water level less than “X” level, OK, the motor started pumping the water ;But in case lower tank was
empty or some other reasons the TANK water level not increasing from the “X” level, we have to TURN OFF the motor for safety
purpose.

For example: current water level is >60 CM and motor is ON,BUT after 3 MIN still water level not increasing or not reached a
specific level( Eg: 50CM) we have to turn of the motor .

So this is my requirement how do I resolve this, could you please help me.

Arunkumar S
Mar 28, 2018

SIR MY PROJECT USING SENSOR IS LEVEL SENSOR SIR . I NEED HELP FOR PROGRAM SIR AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL
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PROGRAM I S DOUBT SIR SO PLEASE PROGRAMING SEND ME SIR

sukruth
Apr 03, 2018

Code is executed and uploading to arduino but lcd did not showing any display.please what can i do tell as soon as possible.
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saloni lohiya
Apr 06, 2018

i have complied the code but nothing is being displayed on lcd ,what should i doo,
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Aswinth Raj (/users/aswinth-raj)

Apr 06, 2018
(/users/aswinth-raj)
Check your connections, try some simple LCD program and see if it is working. Also make sure

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your contrast level for the LCD is set properly 

ARUN KUMAR
Apr 11, 2018


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 By using this circuit and diagram everything is working instead of LCD. I checked my connection again and again but i cant find the
problem then i search in google and i do it another connection then lcd glow but it cant show tank is full ya motor started.please
suggest me wht am i do

Andri
Apr 11, 2018

what if buzzer is turned off by switch. If water tank full or Low

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Yadhuk
Jun 04, 2018

Thanks for the circuit and explanation. Good reference project.

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Andrea F
Jul 02, 2018

Thaks for the idea, so I have some problems to turn off the pum water, Could you help me?
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Samuela Batiniy...
Jul 26, 2018

Hello Group,
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Just a humble query. Is there a Ultrasonic Sensor Module that can go further than 400cm. Will like to use for a taller tank.
Please advise.
Thanks

Aswinth Raj (/users/aswinth-raj)

Jul 27, 2018
(/users/aswinth-raj)
Try MB1010 or MB1240, they are the long range ones

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