A Seminar Report

On

“JAVA RING”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted By

M.MOUNIKA DAYANA ROLL:159H1A0505

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SRINIVASA INSTITUITE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to JNT University,

ANANTAPUR)

Hyderabad-Chennai, By-Pass Road, Ukkayapalli(v)

KADAPA – 516002 (A.P)

 JAVA RING

2017 – 2018

SRINIVASAINSTITUITE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to JNT University, ANANTAPUR)

Hyderabad-Chennai, By-Pass Road, Ukkayapalli(v)KADAPA – 516002 (A.P)

2018– 2019

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify the seminar report entitled, “JAVA RING” is being submitted by
M.MOUNIKA DAYANA(159H1A0505) in partial fulfillments for the
requirements for the award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY to JNTU ,
ANANTAPUR . This seminar report is an authentic work carried out by them
under my supervision and guidance.

HOD
Mrs. O. V. SOWMYA , M.Tech.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am pleased to acknowledge my sincere thanks to my beloved

principal v. Prasad M.Tech, Ph.d for the necessary support.

I own my thanks to our Head Mrs. O. V. SOWMYA M.Techfor all

the help infrastructure to complete this seminar report successfully.

P. MOUNIKA DAYANA

H.NO:159H1A0505

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AABSTRACT 5
INTRODUCTION TO JAVA RING 6
HISTORY 7
WHAT IS JAVA RING? 8
COMPONENTS. 9
JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE(JVM). 9
134KB OF RAM. 9
32KB OF RAM. 10
REAL TIME CLOCK. 10
IBUTTOON. 11,12
BLUE DOT RECEPTOR. 13
KEYFEATURES 13,14
WORKING. 14
SECURITY. 15
SECURITY THROUGH JAVA RING IN CAR. 16
APPLICATIONS. 17
ADVANTAGES. 18
E-CASH. 19
ACCESS CONTROL. 19
DISADVANTAGES. 19
CONCLUSION. 20
REFERENCE. 21

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ABSTRACT
A Java Ring is a finger ring that contains a small microprocessor with
built-in Capabilities for the user, a sort of smart card that is wearable on a
finger. Sun Microsystem's Java Ring was introduced at their Java One
Conference in 1998 and, instead of a gemstone, contained an inexpensive
microprocessor in a stainless-steel iButton running a Java virtual machine and
and preloaded with applets (little application programs). The rings were built
by Dallas Semiconductor. Workstations at the conference had "ring readers"
installed on them that downloaded information about the user from the
conference registration system. This information was then used to enable a
number of personalized services. For example, a robotic machine made
coffee according to user preferences, which it downloaded when they snapped
the ring into another "ring reader." The Java Ring is an extremely secure
Java-powered electronic token with a continuously running, unalterable real-
time clock and rugged packaging, suitable for many applications. The jewel
of the Java Ring is the Java iButton -- a one million transistor, single chip
trusted microcomputer with a powerful Java Virtual Machine (JVM) housed
in a rugged and secure stainless-steel case.

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INTRODUCTION
A Java Ring is a finger ring that contains a small microprocessor with built-
in capabilities for the user,a sort of smart card that is wearable on a
finger.

Sun Microsystem's Java Ring was introduced at their Java One Conference
in 1998 and, instead of a gemstone, contained an inexpensive microprocessor
in a stainless-steel iButton running a Java virtual machine and preloaded with
applets (little application Programs) The rings were built by Dallas
Semiconductor. The Java Ring is an extremely secure Java-powered electronic
token with a continuously running, unalterable real-time clock and rugged
packaging, suitable for many applications. The jewel of the Java Ring is the
Java iButton -- a one-million transistor, single chip trusted microcomputer
with a powerful Java Virtual Machine (JVM) housed in a rugged and secure
stainless-steel case. The Java Ring is a stainless-steel ring, 16-millimeters
(0.6 inches) in diameter that houses a 1-million-transistor processor, called an
iButton. The ring has 134 KB of RAM, 32 KB of ROM, a real-time clock
and a Java virtual machine, which is a piece of software that recognizes the
Java language and translates it for the user's computer system.

At Celebration School, the rings have been programmed to store electronic

cash to pay for lunch, automatically unlock doors, take attendance, store a
student's medical information and allow students to check out books. All of
this information is stored on the ring's iButton. Students simply press the
signet of their Java Ring against the Blue Dot receptor, and thesystem
connected to the receptor performs the function that the applet instructs it to.
In the future, the Java Ring may start your car.

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2.HISTORY:
In the summer of 1989, Dallas Semiconductor Corp. produced the first
stainless-steel-encapsulated memory devices utilizing the Dallas Semiconductor
1-Wire communication protocol. By 1990, this protocol had been refined and
employed in a variety of selfcontained memory devices. Originally called
"touch memory" devices, they were later renamed iButtons." Packaged like
batteries, iButtons have only a single active electrical contact on the top
surface, with the stainless steel shell serving as ground. In the summer of
1989, Dallas Semiconductor Corp. produced the first stainless-
steelencapsulated memory device called iButton. Sun Microsystems Java
ring was introduced at Java One Conference in 1998. Earlier “touch
memory”->“I-button” iButton is the main component of java ring. Java Ring
was introduced at their Java One Conference in 1998. Java Ring is a
stainless-steel ring, that houses a 1- million-transistor processor, called an
iButton . The ring has 134 KB of RAM , 32 KB of ROM .

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WHAT IS JAVA RING? : One of the first impressive devices powered by the
Java Card technology came in the form of now famous Java Rings at
the Sun's Java One conference, in March 1998. The Java Ring is a tiny
wearable computer with 6 kilobytes of RAM. Six K may not sound like
much, but it is 20 percent more memory than the first computer ever
used . Even 6 K is enough to hold your secret codes, your credit cards
numbers, your driver license, other wallet contents, and even some electronic
cash. The ring can also store a few important URLs. The Java Ring is a
wearable computer that can be used to authenticate users to services on the
Internet. A user only has to push the ring on his/her finger on a Java Ring
reader for about a second. The key issue about a wearable computer is not
whether it is a ring or another form factor: the deciding point is that we
will always have it with us. Many aspects of computing change once there
is no need to go to a special room to get at the computer. Data can be read
from or written to the memory serially through a simple and inexpensive
RS232C serial port adapter, which also supplies the power required to
perform the I/O. The iButton memory can be read or written with a
momentary contact to the "Blue Dot" receptor provided by the adapter. When
not connected to the serial port adapter, memory data is maintained in non-
volatile random access memory (NVRAM) by a lifetime lithium energy
supply that will maintain the memory content for at least 10 years. Unlike
electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), the
NVRAM iButton memory can be erased and rewritten as often as necessary
without wearing out. It can also be erased or rewritten at the high speeds
typical of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) memory,
without requiring the time-consuming programming of EEPROM.
Applications, iButtons that count the number of times they have been
rewritten for securing financial transactions, iButtons with temperature
sensors, iButtons with continuously running date/time clocks, and even iButtons
containing powerful microprocessors. The java ring was first introduced in the
year 1998, in the java one conference .the ring was built by the Dalas
semiconductor corporation.

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3.COMPONENTS :The main components of the java ring are following:

 JAVAVIRTUAL MACHINE(JVM)
 134KB OF RAM
 32KB OF RAM
 REAL TIME CLOCK
 IBUTTOON
 BLUE DOT RECEPTOR

3.1 JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE: Java ring is programmed with java

application program and applets that communicate with the host application
on the networked system. Applets are the small application that is designed
to run on the another application system. The java virtual machine is the
piece of software that recognizes the java language and translate the byte
code ,which is used by the system which is connected to the java ring via
ring reader.

3.2 RAM: Java ring contains 134kb of non-volatile random access

memory. Program and data is stored in this non-volatile random
access memory .This non-volatile random access memory offers
high read/write speed and also provides temper resistance through
instantaneous clearing of all memory when tempering is detected.
This process is called rapid zeroization.The NVRAM iButton memory
can be erased or rewritten as often as necessary without wearing
out. High security is offered by the ability to erase the content of
NVRAM extremely quickly. The Crypto iButton also provides an
excellent hardware platform for executing Java because it utilizes
NVRAM for program and data storage. With 6 kilobytes of existing
NVRAM and the potential to expand the NVRAM capacity to as
much as 128 kilobytes in the existing iButton form factor, the
Crypto iButton can execute Java with a relatively large Java stack
situated in NVRAM. This memory acts as conventional high-speed
RAM when the processor is executing, and the lithium energy
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preserves the complete state of the machine while the Java Ring is
disconnected from the reader. There is therefore no requirement to
deal with persistent objects in a special way -- objects persist or
not depending on their scope so the programmer has complete
control over object persistence.
3.3 ROM: The java ring contains 32kb of ROM .A special kind of
operating system called Ecommerce operating system which is
based on java and JVM is stored in the ROM. This operating
system handles all the operation which is happening in the iButton.
It is stored in ROM because it is not supposed to be altered by
the user. The Crypto iButton hardware platform offers a unique set
of special features expressly designed to prevent private keys and
other confidential information from becoming available to hackers.
Figure 1 shows a detail of the internal construction of the Crypto
iButton. The silicon die containing the processor, ROM, and
NVRAM memory is metallurgic ally bonded to the barrier substrate
through which all electrical contacts are made.
3.4 REAL TIME CLOCK :In the java ring real time clock gives
the exact time of the day. The real time clock continuously
running up to more than 10 years by the energy provided the
lithium backup. In addition, the processor itself is driven by an
unstabilized ring oscillator operating over a range of 10 to 20
megahertz, so that the clockfrequency of the processor is not
constant and cannot be determined by external means. This differs
from the design of alternative devices in which the processor clock
signal is injected by the reader and is therefore exactly determined
by the host processor. External control of the clock provides a
valuable tool to hackers, since they can repetitively cycle such a
processor to the same point in its execution simply by applying the
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same number of clock cycles. Control of the clock also affords a

means to induce a calculation error and thereby obtain information
that can ultimately reveal secret encryption keys. A 32kilohertz
crystal oscillator is used in the Java iButton to operate the time-of-
day clock at a constant and well controlled frequency that is
independent of the processor clock.
3.5 IBUTTON: The jewel of the java ring is the java iButton .It
contains the one million transistor processor single chip trusted
microprocessor with powerful java virtual machine(JVM) housed in
rugged and secure stainless steel case. The Crypto iButton
hardware platform offers a unique set of special features expressly
designed to prevent private keys and other confidential information
from becoming available to hackers. The fact that the
communication path between the Crypto iButton and the outside
world is limited to a single data line provides additional security
against hardware attacks by limiting the range of signals accessible
to the hacker.

Figure : 3.5.1 structure of the iButton

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It is originally called touch memory devices they were later

renamed as “iButton packaged” like batteries. IButton have only a
single active electrical contact on the top surface and with the
stainless steel shell serving as ground. Every iButton product is
manufactured with unique 8 byte serial number and carries a
guaranty that no two IButtons have same number. Among the
simplest iButton are memory devices which can hold files and
directories that can be read and written like small floppy disks. An
iButton is a microchip similar to those used in smart card but

Figures 3.5.2: different types of iButtons available in the market.

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housed in a round stainless steel button of 17.35mm x iButtons

have an advantage over conventional smart cards in term of
durability and longevity. The stainless steel casing gives iButton a
far greater ability to survive in arange of temperatures -- all
versions are functional from -40 C to +70 C -- and in a much
harsher range of environments than the plastic smart card. For
ecommerce and personal ID usage, iButtons can be mounted on a
range of personal accessories: watch, ring, key chain, or dog tag.
Figures 3.5.2: different types of iButtons available in the market

3.6 BLUE DOR RCEIPTOR: The read/write operation in the java

ring is done by the blue dot receptor provided by the RS232 serial
port adapter. The DS1402D-DR8 is a part of the DS1402 series. It
is a 1-Wire network cable designed to connect any serial or USB
1-Wire port adapter that has a RJ11 jack with up to two iButtons
simultaneously. The DS1402D-DR8 Blue Dot receptor cable can
touchany iButton for reading, but can only retain the F5 version
iButtons.
Key Features:-
 Coiled cable for connecting iButtons to 1-Wire networks (8 ft
when fullyextended).
 Convenient, off-the-shelf connectivity.
 For momentary (F3/F5 Micro Can) or dwelled contact (F5
Micro Can only).
 Adhesive pad for mounting on objects.
 Supports for up to two iButtons at once.
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 Can be used with any EDS host adapter equipped with a

RJ11 jack (HA7Net, HA7E, HA5-xxx-R, and HA4B)
 Can be used with any Dallas Semiconductor port adapter.
(DS9097E, DS9097U, DS9490R)
The DS1402 series incorporates four basic types of connectors,
1-Wire RJ-11, iButton, Touch-and-Hold Probe, and Blue Dot™
Receptor. The DS1402 series of 1-Wire network cables provides
connectivity for iButtons. The cables are designed to connect
any USB, serial or parallel port 1-Wire adapter to any iButton.
Both, the iButton probe cables and the Blue Dot receptor cables
can touch any iButton, but can only hold the F5 version iButtons.

Figure 3.6.1: Different types of blue dot receptor in the market

4.WORKING : Since java ring is programmed with the applets

and the programming is done according to our application and
this will specific for the specific user. All information of the
user is stored in the java ring.

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Figure 4: how java ring is used to open the door

User simply has to press the signet of the java ring against the
blue dot receptor and the system connected to the receptor
performs the function that the applets instruct it to.java ring has
the user profile and the same profile is present in the door
embedded system also, when the user press the signet of the
java ring against the java ring reader which is embedded at the
handle of the door the data is transferred from the ring to door
system. if the profile is authentic means user is authentic to
open the door the applets president in the ring instruct the door
to open. Information is transferred between iButton and a PC
with a momentary contact, at up to 142K bits per second. To do
that one presses iButton to the Blue Dot receptor, a $15 pipeline
into PC.
5.SECURITY :Figure 1 shows a detail of the internal
construction of the Crypto iButton. The silicon die containing
the processor, ROM, and NVRAM memory is metallurgic ally
bonded to the barrier substrate through which all electrical
contacts are made. This barrier substrate and the triple-layer metal
construction techniques employed in the silicon fabrication
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effectively deny access to the data stored in the NVRAM. If

any attempt is made to penetrate these barriers, the NVRAM
data is immediately erased. This construction technique and the
use of NVRAM for the storage of private keys and other
confidential data provides a much higher degree of data security
than that afforded by EEPROM memory. The fact that the
communication path between the Crypto iButton and the outside
world is Limited to a single data lineprovides additional security
against hardware attacks by limiting the range of signals
accessible to the hacker.
5.1. SECURITY THROUGH JAVA RING IN CAR:

Figure 5.1: how java ring is used in security of car

The Sun concept car's security is based on a Java ring that
contains a profile of the user. You connect the Java ring to a
ring receptor in the car, and the car knows, based on your
profile, what you are allowed to do. For example, a ring given
to a mechanic or valet allows that person to see the dashboard
and drive 40 miles per hour within a one block radius, but no
faster or farther. In a family where both the husband and wife drive
the car, each has individualized settings, so that when they enter
the car, their environments are configured to the profiles on
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their rings. Java rings are authorized through Personal

Identification Numbers (PINs) so that no one can steal a
person's ring and run off with the car.
6.APPLICATIONS :The java ring is used initially as rugged
portable data carriers. often in harsh environmental condition. it
is used for many real world application e.g for opening the door
,in the e-banking application for getting the balance in your
account. Logging in your personal computer. Providing security
in your car. iButton memory devices have been deployed in vast
quantities as rugged portable data carriers, often in harsh
environmental conditions. Among the large-scale uses are as
transit fare carriers in Istanbul, Turkey; as maintenance record
carriers on the sides of Ryder trucks; and as mailbox identifiers
inside the mail compartments of the U.S. Postal Service's
outdoor mailbox. They are worn as earrings by cows in Canada
to hold vaccination records, and they are used by agricultural
workers in many areas as rugged substitutes for timecards.

Figure: 6.1 Application of java ring for getting

account balance of an user through internet

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This demonstration shows how an e-banking application (Jini

client) tries to connect to a bank server (Jini service) to retrieve
the current account balance of that user. Although Java Rings
aren't widely used yet, such rings or similar devices could have
a number of real-world applications, such as starting your car
and having all your vehicle's components (such as the seat,
mirrors, and radio selections) automatically adjust to your
preferences. Providing security. Personalized services. For
opening the door. Authentication is crucial to most
applications, since billing and privacy is basedon it. A very
easy and convenient way for users. It is more secure than
using passwords, since passwords are short or can be guessed.
It is easier for administrators to maintain the security
infrastructure, since only password can be forgotten. A ring is
a personal thing that the user and only the user carries along
anytime and anywhere, so that she can authenticate herself in
every situation. It is also possible to use a tag on the key
ring or a watch instead of a ring.

7.ADVANTAGES :The Java Ring are very easy and convenient

way for users. They are more secure than using passwords since
passwords are sort or can guessed. Java Ring provides
authentication to users which is crucial for many applications. It is
easier for administrator to maintain the security infrastructure. And
, it provides real memory, more power, and a capacity for dynamic
programming. Java Ring used widely all around the world for
several applications such as Access Control, Assest Management, e-
Cash and for many other purpose

 Java Ring is wearable

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 Completely controlled by the user. Provides authentication to

users which is crucial for many applications.
 Personalization
 Portable
 Easier for administrator to maintain the security for
infrastructure.
e-cah: Java Ring can be an personalized token and acts like a
small change purse for one or multiple applications. It enables to
complete transactions, like dispensing a candy bar or metering a
prepaid volume of water. By using Java Ring, it eliminate the need
to carry small amounts of cash, and it can service multiple,
independent applications. They are perfect for a wide variety of e-
Cash functions like mass transit systems, parking meters, gaming
systems, vending and fleet refueling.
Access Control: An Java Ring becomes a personalized key to
protected assets and information. By touching the correct key to an
iButton reader, the desired event, such as, opening a lock is
enabled. Java Ring are perfect for various access control functions
like access to buildings, computers, vehicles and equipment.

8.DISADVANTAGES: Although, Java Ring can be the most secure

storage medium for many industries, the cost of implementing the
system could be very high. Even though ibutton can be purchased
for cheaper price, in order to function, it needs a receiver such as
blue dot receptor which could be very expensive. Also, it needs a
high level tools and method in order to program application
efficiently, reliably, securely. The cost of implementing the system is
high. A Java Ring-based system doesn’t automatically allow user
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mobility. The problem with the Java Ring that many of the
organization don't even know the existence of Java Ring. User
mobility is only possible if every machine that the user accesses
has a iButon reader attached. The machine must support the same
standard ibutton reader interfaces or use the same proprietary
iButton reader. iButton has a limited processor power and memory.
For better performance and scalability it is imperative to move the
processing load to the application server. Also only limited amount
of information can be stored which means an individual might
need to carry more than one Java Ring. Carrying the Java Ring
everywhere could lead to theft issues .
CONCLUSION
Java ring is highly durable because of its rugged and secure
stainless packing. It is used in personal computing. Dallas
Semiconductor has produced more than 20 million Physically-secure
memories and computers with hard-shell packaging optimized for
personal possession. The Java iButton, therefore, is simply the
latest and most complex descendant of a long line of products that
have proven them to be highly successful in the marketplace. With
its stainless steel armor, it offers the most durable packaging for a
class of products that likely will suffer heavy use and abuse as
personal possessions. The iButton form
permits attachment to a wide variety of personal accessories that
includes rings, watchbands, key fobs, wallets, bracelets, and
necklaces, so the user can select a variation that suits his.

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REFERENCES
[1] http://www.javaworld.com
[2] http://www.useit.com/papers/javaring.html
[3] http://www.people.uchicago.ed.

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