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An Altair Company

BOOST CONVERTER CLOSED LOOP

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Description of Boost Converter

 In a boost converter, the output voltage is greater than the input voltage, hence the name “boost”.

 The function of boost converter can be divided into two modes, Mode 1 and Mode 2.

 Mode 1 begins when Switch “ S ” is ON at time t=0. The input current rises and flows through inductor L and Switch.

 Mode 2 begins when Switch “ S ” is OFF at time t = t1. The input current now flows through L, C, load, and diode . The inductor current falls until

the next cycle. The energy stored in inductor L flows through the load.

 By the proper design of the inductor and the capacitor values and the duty cycle of the triggering pulse with the suitable switching frequency, gives

the output from the converter.

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Closed Loop Control

 The purpose of a switching regulator is to maintain its output under load disturbances and input voltage variations.

 This can only be achieved via feedback control scheme. There are two basic approaches to achieve the closed loop control of a switching

converter

 One is the voltage-mode control via the output feedback only, the other is Current-mode control by adding an inner current control loop to

regulate the inductor current.

 The schematics of voltage-mode buck switching regulator is designed using the SolidThinking Activate tool.

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PID Theory

 There are many types of the feedback controller, such as PID, phase-lead, 2nd-order filter, or a specifically designed frequency compensator,

can be used as the loop compensator for the closed-loop voltage regulation of the buck converter.

 In order to reduce the steady-state effect of the disturbance, we analyze PID control, namely proportional + integral + derivative, with inner

loop rate feedback.

 According to the Obtained PI Controller, design or tuning a set of the controller parameters to improve the dynamic response under input

voltage variations and load disturbances.

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 PI Controller is a special case of PID controller, but with no use of derivative (D) part of the error. So control signal U for PI controller is given

below:

U = KP + Ki ∫ ∆ dt

 Where Kp, Ki is proportional, integral gain, Δ is the error or deviation of actual measured value (PV) from the set point (SP)

Δ=SP-PV

 The PI controller transfer function C(s) is given as C (s) = KP + Ki /S

General approach to PI tuning:

1. Firstly set Ki = zero.

2. Increase Kp until desired response has been obtained

3. Add integral gain and modify Ki until the removed steady state error.

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Pulse Width Modulation

 The Saturation Dc value from the Voltage sensor is fed to the PID control.

 The Obtained DC voltage from the PID controller is fed to the one terminal of the Comparator, the other terminal is fed with the Triangular

waveform.

 The comparator compares the Voltage value from the PID control and the Triangular waveform.

 The reference voltage cuts the Triangular wave at certain level of the waveform, thereby obtaining the PWM pulse from the comparator block.

 For different Voltage levels from the PID control, the pulse width of the obtained waveform is adjusted, thereby the duty cycle to the switching

device is adjusted

 By controlling the Duty cycle the output voltage of the converter is controlled

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PWM Control in Closed Loop

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Circuit Topology

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Output Voltage Waveform

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Conclusion
 Boost converter is used in the SMPS topologies, used to boost up the voltage from lower level to the higher level without change

in the power level.

 Boost converters are used in the solar inverters and many step – up dc voltage as a source input.

 Thus by using the Activate the boost Converter topology is implemented.

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