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    Basic Concepts of Computer

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    Abdullah Shoaib
    This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts. It defines a computer as a programmable machine that performs arithmetic and logical operations on input data to produce output. The document outlines the major components of a computer including hardware, software, CPU, memory, input/output devices, operating systems, and computer languages. It also discusses characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, and storage capacity. Computer security concepts such as viruses, worms, and antivirus software are briefly covered.

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    Basic Concepts of Computer

    Uploaded by

    Abdullah Shoaib
    59 views7 pages
    This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts. It defines a computer as a programmable machine that performs arithmetic and logical operations on input data to produce output. The document outlines the major components of a computer including hardware, software, CPU, memory, input/output devices, operating systems, and computer languages. It also discusses characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, and storage capacity. Computer security concepts such as viruses, worms, and antivirus software are briefly covered.

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    This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts. It defines a computer as a programmable machine that performs arithmetic and logical operations on input data to produce output. The document outlines the major components of a computer including hardware, software, CPU, memory, input/output devices, operating systems, and computer languages. It also discusses characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, and storage capacity. Computer security concepts such as viruses, worms, and antivirus software are briefly covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    59 views7 pages

    Basic Concepts of Computer

    Uploaded by

    Abdullah Shoaib
    This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts. It defines a computer as a programmable machine that performs arithmetic and logical operations on input data to produce output. The document outlines the major components of a computer including hardware, software, CPU, memory, input/output devices, operating systems, and computer languages. It also discusses characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, and storage capacity. Computer security concepts such as viruses, worms, and antivirus software are briefly covered.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER

    BRCM COLLEGE OF BUSINESS


    ADMINISTRATION
    ASSIGNMENT – I
    (2017-2018)

    Computer Applications paper 1


    FY BBA-SEM 1

    NAME: ABDULLAH PATEL


    ROLL NO.: 205
    TOPIC: Concept Of Computers
    SUBMITTED TO: Dr.Pratik C. Patel
    SUBMITTED ON: 7TH OCT, 2017
    SIGNATURE:
    BRCM COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Page 1
    BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER

    BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER


    1.1 INTRODUCTION
    A computer is a programmable machine designed to perform arithmetic and logical
    operations automatically and sequentially on the input given by the user and gives the desired
    output after processing. Computer components are divided into two major categories namely
    hardware and software. Hardware is the machine itself and its connected devices such as
    monitor, keyboard, mouse etc. Software is the set of programs that make use of hardware for
    performing various functions.

    1.2 OBJECTIVES
    After going through this lesson you would be able to: familiarize yourself with characteristics
    of computers identify the basic components of a computer explain the importance of various
    units of a computer differentiate between system software and application software.

    1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS


     SPEED
     ACCURACY
     DILIGENCE
     VERSATILITY
     STORAGE CAPACITY

    1.4 FUNCTIONAL UNITS:


     Input Unit: This unit is used for entering data and programs into the computer system
    by the user for processing
     Storage Unit: The storage unit is used for storing data and instructions before and
    after processing.
     Output Unit: The output unit is used for storing the result as output produced by the
    computer after processing.
     Processing: The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations
    is called processing. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) takes data and instructions
    from the storage unit and makes all sorts of calculations based on the instructions
    given and the type of data provided. It is then sent back to the storage unit. CPU
    includes Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit (CU).
    1) ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit)
    2) CU (Control Unit)

    1.5MEMORY
    Computer’s memory can be classified into two types; primary memory and secondary
    memory
     Primary Memory
    A. RAM (Random Access Memory)
    B. ROM (Read Only Memory)

    BRCM COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Page 2


    BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER

     Secondary Memory
    A. Hard Disk
    B. Compact Disk
    C. Digital Video Disk

    1.6 INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES


    These devices are used to enter information and instructions into a computer for storage or
    processing and to deliver the processed data to a user.
     Input Devices
    An input is any device that provides input to a computer.
    A. KEYBOARD
    B. MOUSE
    C. LIGHT PEN
    D. MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION(MICR)
    E. OPTICAL MARK RECOGNITION(OMR)
    F. BAR CODE READER
    G. SCANNER

     Output Devices
    Output device receives information from the CUP and presents it to the user in the
    desired from.
    A. MONITOR
    B. PRINTER
    C. IMPACT PRINTERS
    D. NON-PRINTER
    E. PLOTTER
    F. SOUND CARDS AND SPEAKER

    1.7 COMPUTER SOFTWARE


    Computer software is the set of programs that makes the hardware perform a set of tasks in
    particular order. It is classified into two broad categories; system software and application
    software.
     System Software
    It consists of a group of programs that control the operations of a computer equipment including
    functions like managing memory, managing peripherals, loading, storing, and is an interface
    between the application programs and the computer.MS DOS(Microsofts Disk Operating System),
    UNIX are example of system software.

     Application Software
    Software that can perform a specific task for the user, such as word processing, accounting,
    budgeting or payroll, fall under the category of application software. Word processors,
    spreadsheets, database management systems are all examples of general purpose application
    software.

    BRCM COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Page 3


    BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER

    Type of application software are:


    A. Word Processing Software
    B. Database Software
    C. Spread Sheet Software
    D. Presentation Software
    E. Multimedia Software

    1.8 COMPUTER LANGUAGE


    Computer language or programming language is coded syntax used by computer
    programmers to communication with a computer. These language can be classified into the
    following categories.
     Machine Language
     Assembly Language
     High Level Language
     Compiler & Interpreter
     Open Source Software

    1.9 OPERATING SYSTEM


    An operating system is a software component of a computer system that is responsible for the
    management of various activities of the computer and sharing of computer resources.. Users
    interact with a computer operating system through Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). Some
    of the common operating systems are LINUX, Windows,etc.

    1.10 WINDOWS XP DESKTOP ELEMENTS

     Start Menu
    When clicked on the start button, start menu appears on the giving all the available options to
    start using the windows.

    OVERVIEW OF THE OPTIONS AVAILABLE IN THE START MENU

    TASK DESCRIPTION
    All Programs Displays a list of installed program,which a user can start or use.
    My Documents Displays a list of documents used by the current user.
    My Recent Doc. Displays a list of recently used documents by the current user.
    My Pictures Displays a list pictures/photos used by the current user.
    My Music Displays a list of music/songs used by the current user.
    Control Panel Displays a list of utilities to configure the computer system & install
    software & hardware.
    Printers & Faxes Displays a list of currently installed printers & faxes in the system.
    Help & Support Start the XP help & support program to find how to do a task.
    Search Helps to find any file/folder from a list of document.
    Run Start an app program or executes a DOS command.
    Log Off Log off the currently logged in user of the system.
    Turn Off Computer Close currently opened prog.log off the user & switch off the system.

    BRCM COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Page 4


    BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER

     Task Bar
    When you start the computer system, then start button and task bar appears on the bottom of
    the screen and by default remains visible when Windows is running.

    1.11 FILE MANAGEMENT IN WINDOWS


    File management in windows can be done through Windows Explorer or My Computer.
    Windows Explorer displays the list of files, folders, and storage drives (both fixed and
    removable) on your computer. When files/folder are deleted from the hard disk, windows
    place them in recycling bin, from where they can be retrieved, until the recycle bin is made
    empty. Files/folder deleted from a removable storage, such as network drive are permanently
    deleted and are not sent to recycle bin.

     Using Windows Explorer


     Opening Drivers and Folders
     Copying or Moving a File or Folder Using My Documents
     View File Details
     Copying and Moving Files Using Explorer
     Create a New Folder
     Rename a File or Folder
     Delete a File or Folder

    1.12 COMPUTER SECURITY


    When data takes the shapes of digital form, a different security procedure is required. This
    branch of security is called computer security. Information technology has also some
    loopholes associated with it, like the possibility of stealing of vital information and
    intentionally implanting destructive or malicious programs on the other's computer system.
    These malicious programs are often called virus, worms, Trojan horse, logic bomb, spyware
    and so on.

     VIRUS
    Virus is a program which has been written to interfere with the normal functioning of the
    computer. It does this by clogging the memory of the system by making copies of itself or it
    may destory critical information used by other computer prgrams.

    There are three main types of viruses: Boot sector viruses, File viruses, System viruses

    Computer viruses can be grouped into Time Bomb, Trojan Horse, Worm etc

     Time Bomb will start on a particular date, at a particular time. The computer will
    loose its ability to function properly.
     Trojan Horse will enter into a computer through an e-mail or free programs that have
    been down loaded from the internet and casue plenty of damage.

    BRCM COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Page 5


    BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER

     Worm are constructed to infiltrate on the legitimate data processing programs and
    alter or destroy the data. Worm programs often use network connections to spread
    from one computer system to another system.
     Protecting Computer System using Antivirus Software
    Antivirus Software falls into two categories; Scanners and Integrity Checkers.

     Scanners is a program that will detect the virus by checking the files on the disk, the
    boot sector of the disk and programs in the memory by looking for the signature of the
    virus. It is very necessary to update regularly the virus scanner that you have brought.
    This is essential because new viruses are constantly appearing.
     Integrity Checkers work using simple checksums or complicated algorithms or
    cryptographic checksums which check if a file has been modified. HomeGuard a
    unique device which once fitted to the computer automatically scans in the
    background for viruses. If there are viruses found in the system, HomeGuard will
    clean it up automatically.

     Precautions to be Taken Against Viruses


     Install a memory-resident program in RAM that will detect and warn if a virus is
    present.
     Backup copies of all programs and data files should be kept.
     Never boot your machine with a floppy from an unknown source.
     Always write-protect your disk when you use it in another machine.

    BRCM COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Page 6


    BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER

    BRCM COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Page 7

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