Tables of Constants for Control charts

Table 8A - Variable Data ref : AIAG manual for SPC

X bar and R Charts X bar and s charts
Chart for Chart for
Averages Chart for Ranges (R) Averages Chart for Standard Deviation (s)
Divisors Divisors
Control to Control to
Limits Estimate Factors for Control Limits estimate Factors for Control
Factor σx Limits Factor σx Limits
Subgroup size
(n) A2 d2 D3 D4 A3 c4 B3 B4
2 1.880 1.128 - 3.267 2.659 0.7979 - 3.267
3 1.023 1.693 - 2.574 1.954 0.8862 - 2.568
4 0.729 2.059 - 2.282 1.628 0.9213 - 2.266
5 0.577 2.326 - 2.114 1.427 0.9400 - 2.089
6 0.483 2.534 - 2.004 1.287 0.9515 0.030 1.970
7 0.419 2.704 0.076 1.924 1.182 0.9594 0.118 1.882
8 0.373 2.847 0.136 1.864 1.099 0.9650 0.185 1.815
9 0.337 2.970 0.184 1.816 1.032 0.9693 0.239 1.761
10 0.308 3.078 0.223 1.777 0.975 0.9727 0.284 1.716
15 0.223 3.472 0.347 1.653 0.789 0.9823 0.428 1.572
25 0.153 3.931 0.459 1.541 0.606 0.9896 0.565 1.435

Centerline Control Limits σx

CL X = X UCLX = X + A2 R LCL = X − A2 R
X
R
X bar and R Charts
CLR = R UCLR = D4 R LCL R = D3 R d2

CLX = X UCLX = X + A3 S LCL X = X − A3 S s

X bar and s Charts
CL s = s UCL s = B4 s LCL s = B 3 s c4

Institute of Quality and Reliability

www.world-class-quality.com Control Chart Factors Page 1 of 3
 Tables of Constants for Control charts
Table 8B Variable Data ref : AIAG manual for SPC
Median Charts Charts for Individuals
Chart for Chart for
Medians Chart for Ranges (R) Individuals Chart for Moving Range (R)
Divisors
Control Divisors to Control to
Limits Estimate Factors for Control Limits Estimate Factors for Control
Factor σx Limits Factor σx Limits
Subgroup ~
size A2 d2 D3 D4 E2 d2 D3 D4
2 1.880 1.128 - 3.267 2.660 1.128 - 3.267
3 1.187 1.693 - 2.574 1.772 1.693 - 2.574
4 0.796 2.059 - 2.282 1.457 2.059 - 2.282
5 0.691 2.326 - 2.114 1.290 2.326 - 2.114
6 0.548 2.534 - 2.004 1.184 2.534 - 2.004
7 0.508 2.704 0.076 1.924 1.109 2.704 0.076 1.924
8 0.433 2.847 0.136 1.864 1.054 2.847 0.136 1.864
9 0.412 2.970 0.184 1.816 1.010 2.970 0.184 1.816
10 0.362 3.078 0.223 1.777 0.975 3.078 0.223 1.777

Centerline Control Limits

~ ~ ~ ~
CL ~
X
= X UCL ~
X
= X + A2 R LCL ~
X
= X − A2 R
Median Charts
CLR = R UCLR = D4 R LCL R = D3 R

Charts for CL X = X UCL X = X + E 2 R LCL X = X − E 2 R

Individuals CLR = R UCLR = D4 R LCL R = D3 R

Institute of Quality and Reliability

www.world-class-quality.com Control Chart Factors Page 2 of 3
 Tables of Formulas for Control charts
Table 8 C Attribute Data ref : AIAG manual for SPC
Centerline Control Limits
Samples not necessarily of constant size

p (1 − p ) p (1 − p )
UCL pi = p+3 LCL p i = p − 3
ni ni
p chart for
CL p = p
proportions of If the Sample size is constant (n)
units in a category
p (1 − p ) p (1 − p )
UCL p = p + 3 LCL p = p − 3
n n

np chart for
number / rate of CLnp = np UCLnp = np + 3 np(1 − p) LCLnp = np − 3 np(1 − p)
units in a category

c chart for
number of CL c = c UCLc = c + 3 c
incidences in one
LCLc = c − 3 c
or more
categories
Samples not necessarily of constant size
u u
UCLu = u + 3 LCLu = u − 3
CLu = u ni ni
u chart for using average sample size
number of
incidences per u u
UCL u = u + 3 UCL u = u − 3
unit in one or n n
more categories
If the sample size is constant (n)
u u
UCL u = u + 3 UCL u = u − 3
n n

Institute of Quality and Reliability

www.world-class-quality.com Control Chart Factors Page 3 of 3