HEAT & MASS TRANSFER 1 TO 100 TEST 1 Timing : 60mints

01. The capacity of double-effect evaporator is less than half of the capacity of two single effects, each of which is operating over
same terminal temperature difference, when the
(A) Solution has an elevation of boiling point (B) Evaporators operate under vacuum
(C) Evaporators operate at atmospheric pressure (D) None of these

02. The equation, Nst = f/2, is the _______ analogy. (A) Colburn (B) Reynolds (C) Prandtl (D) None of these

03. Nusselt number is a function of Prandtl number and __________ number of fluid in natural convection heat transfer.
(A) Grashoff (B) Biot (C) Stanton (D) Reynolds

04. Forced circulation evaporators are normally used for concentrating liquids having (A) Scaling characteristics
(B) High viscosity (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) Neither (A) nor (B)

05. Radiation energy is emitted by all the substances, which are above (A) 0°K (B) 0°C (C) 100°C (D) Room temperature

06. Maximum water velocity in tubes of a 1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger may be around __________ metres/second.
(A) 1 (B) 10 (C) 20 (D) 30

07. For the same heat load and mass flow rate in the tube side of a shell and tube heat exchanger, one may use multipass on the
tube side, because it
(A) Decreases the pressure drop (B) Decreases the outlet temperature of cooling medium
(C) Increases the overall heat transfer coefficient (D) None of these

08. A tank painted with which of the following coloured paints, would heat up maximum by radiation from sun?
(A) Yellow paint (B) White paint (C) Black paint (D) Grey paint

09. Walls of a cubical oven are of thickness l, and they are made of material of thermal conductivity k. The temperature inside the
oven is 100°C and the inside heat transfer co-efficient is „3k/l’. If the wall temperature on the outside is held at 25°C, what is the
inside wall temperature in degree centigrade?
(A) 35.5 (B) 43.75 (C) 81.25 (D) 48.25

10. Three materials A, B and C of equal thickness and of thermal conductivity of 20, 40 & 60 kcal/hr. m. °C respectively are joined
together. The temperature outside of A and C are 30°C and 100°C respectively. The interface between B and C will be at a
temperature of __________ °C. (A) 40 (B) 95 (C) 70 (D) 50
0.8 0.8 0.8
11. A graph between ----is called Wilson plot. (A) (1/U) Vs. (1/v )(B) (1/v ) Vs. U(C) v Vs . U(D) (1/U) Vs. (1/V)

n
12. The thermal radiation emitted by a body is proportional to T , where T is its absolute temperature. The value of 'n' is exactly 4
for
(A) Black painted bodies only (B) All bodies (C) Polished bodies only (D) A black body

13. For a laminar flow of fluid in a circular tube, 'h1' is the convective heat transfer co-efficient at velocity 'V1'. If the velocity is
reduced by half and assuming the fluid properties are constant, the new convective heat transfer co-efficient is (A) 1.26 h1 (B) 0.794
h1 (C) 0.574 h1 (D) 1.741 h1
14. Pick out the correct statement.
(A) 1 kcal/hr.m.°C is equal to 1 BTU/hr. ft.°F
(B) In steady state heat conduction, the only property of the substance which determines the temperature distribution, is the thermal
conductivity
(C) In unsteady state heat conduction, heat flows in the direction of temperature rise (D) In heat transfer by forced convection,
Grashoff number is very important

15. Evaporation by thermo compression results in the (A) Saving of steam

(B) Realisation of multiple effect economy in a single effect (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these

16. Fouling factor for a heat exchanger is given by (where, U1 = heat transfer co-efficient of dirty surface U2 = heat transfer co-
efficient of clean surface).
(A) U1 - U2 (B) 1/U1 - 1/U2 (C) 1/U2 - 1/U1 (D) U2 - U1

17. Use of transverse baffles in a shell and tube heat exchanger is done to increase the (A) Rate of heat transfer
(B) Flow velocity (C) Turbulence of shell side fluid (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

18. All analogy equations connecting friction factor and heat transfer co-efficient apply only to (A) Wall or skin friction
(B) Form friction (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) Turbulent flow

19. Which of the following situations can be approximated to a steady state heat transfer system?
(A) A red hot steel slab (having outside surface temperature as 1300°C) exposed to the atmospheric air at 35°C
2
(B) 10 kg of dry saturated steam at 8 kgf/cm flowing through a short length of stainless steel pipe exposed to atmospheric air at
35°C
(C) Boiling brine kept in open vessel when the bottom surface temperature of the vessel is maintained constant at 180°C
(D) A sub-cooled refrigerant liquid at 8°C flowing at the rate of 6 Kg/minute through a copper pipe exposed to atmospheric air at
35°C

20. Reason for operating an evaporator in multiple effects is to secure (A) Increased steam economy
(B) Decreased steam consumption (C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) Increased capacity

21. Heat transfer by __________ may not necessarily require the presence of a medium. (A) Conduction
(B) Natural convection (C) Forced convection (D) Radiation

22. Fluid motion in the natural convection heat transfer between a solid surface and a fluid in contact with it, results from the
(A) Existence of thermal boundary layer
(B) Temperature gradient produced due to density difference (C) Buoyancy of the bubbles produced at active nucleation site (D)
None of these

23. Nusselt number is the ratio of the

(A) Temperature gradient of the wall to that across the entire pipe (B) Temperature difference to the temperature gradient at the
wall (C) Heat flux at the wall to that across the entire pipe
(D) None of these

24. Critical value of the __ number governs the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in free convection heat transfer. (A) Grashoff
(B) Reynolds (C) Both 'a' & 'b' (D) Prandtl & Grashoff

25. Prandtl number is the reciprocal of

(A) Thermal diffusivity/Momentum diffusivity (B) Thermal diffusivity × Momentum
(C) Thermal diffusivity × Mass diffusivity (D) Mass diffusivity × Momentum diffusivity

26. In case of parallel flow heat exchanger, the lowest temperature theoretically attainable by the hot fluid is __________ the outlet
temperature of the cold fluid.
(A) Equal to (B) More than (C) Less than
(D) Either more or less than (depending upon the fluid)

27. For a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger, the LMTD correction factor is always
(A) 1 (B) > 1 (C) < 1 (D) Between 1 & 2

28. Evaporator tubes are generally (A) Horizontal

(B) Vertical (C) Inclined (D) Random

29. Thermal conductivity of a gas at low density, __________ with increase in temperature.
(A) Decreases(B) Increases(C) Remains unchanged(D) May increase or decrease; depends on the gas
30. Which of the following is the most widely used heat insulating material for pipelines carrying steam?
(A) Tar dolomite bricks followed by asbestos
(B) Fireclay refractory followed by aluminium sheet (C) Cotton followed by aluminium foil
(D) 85% magnesia cement and glass wool

31. The interchange factor for radiation heat transfer from surface 'x' to surface 'y' in case of an infinite parallel planes with
emissivities εx & εy is given by
(A) εx + εy (B) εx . εy
(C) 1/εx + 1/εy (D) (εx + εy)/( εx + εy - εx . εy)
32. If the thermal conductivity of a wall material is independent of temperature, the steady state temperature distribution in the
very large thin plane wall having steady, uniform surface temperature follows __________ law.
(A) Parabolic (B) Hyperbolic (C) Linear (D) Logarithmic

33. With increase in temperature, the thermal conductivity of a gas (A) Increases
(B) Decreases (C) Remain same (D) May increase or decrease depending on the type of gas

3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2
34. Grashoff number is given by (A) gD .β.Δtρ /μ (B) gD βΔtρ/μ (C) gD βΔtP μ (D) gD βΔtP /μ

35. Which area is used in case of heat flow by conduction through a cylinder? (A) Logarithmic mean area
(B) Arithmetic mean area (C) Geometric mean area (D) None of these

36. Pick out the wrong statement.

(A) Heat transfer from a hot body to cold body by the emission of heat waves is called radiation (B) Filmwise condensation takes
place on non-wettable surfaces
(C) The boiling point of a solution is affected by liquid head as well as boiling point elevation (D) None of these

37. Choose the correct equation. (A) Nu = (Re) (Pr) (Gz) (B) Nu = (Re) (Pr) (St) (C) Nu = (Re) (Pr) (D) Nu = (Pr) (St)

38. In a heat exchanger, the rate of heat transfer from the hot fluid to the cold fluid (A) Varies directly as the area and the LMTD
(B) Directly proportional to LMTD and inversely proportional to the area (C) Varies as square of the area
(D) None of these

39. Pick out the wrong statement.

(A) 'Solvates' are chemical compounds formed by solute with their solvents. When water is the solvent, then it is called a 'hydrate'
(B) In heat exchanger calculations (Δt) weighted is used in place of Δt, when it involves more than one sequence of heating or cooling
i.e., desuperheating & condensation or condensation & sub-cooling
(C) Heat transfer co-efficient during nucleate boiling is not influenced by the agitation imparted (D) In case of short tube vertical
evaporators, area of central downtake is about 50 to 100% of the
total tube cross-sectional area

40. For what value of Prandtl number, St = f/2? (A) 1.5 (B) 1 (C) > 1 (D) < 1

41. The rate of emission of radiation by a body does not depend upon the (A) Wavelength of radiation
(B) Surface temperature of the body (C) Nature of the surface (D) Shape and porosity of the body

42. Heat sensitive materials can be concentrated in an evaporator employing (A) Vacuum
(B) High pressure (C) High residence time (D) None of these

43. In a cooling tower, water becomes cool by (A) Loosing sensible heat
(B) Heat transfer to surroundings
(C) Vaporisation due to heat loss to air (D) Loosing latent heat

44. Conductance is given by (where, x = thickness, A = heat flow area, K = thermal conductivity.)
(A) x/KA (B) KA/x (C) K/Ax (D) A/Kx

45. Out of the following four assumptions used in the derivation of the equation for LMTD [LMTD = (∆t1 - ∆t2)/ln(∆t1/∆t2)], which
one is subject to the largest deviation in practice ?
(A) Constant overall heat transfer co-efficient. (B) Constant rate of fluid flow
(C) Constant specific heat (D) No partial phase change in the system

46. LMTD can't be used as such without a correction factor for the (A) Multipass heat exchanger
(B) Baffled heat exchanger (C) Condensation of mixed vapour in a condenser (D) All (A) (B) and (C)

47. What is the logarithmic mean of r1 and r2? (A) (r1 - r2)/ln(r1/r2)
(B) (r1 - r2)/ln(r2/r1) (C) (r2 - r1)/ln(r1/r2) (D) (r1 - r2)/-ln(r1/r2)
 48. In a heat exchanger with steam outside the tubes, a liquid gets heated to 45°C, when its flow velocity in the tubes is 2 m/s. If the
flow velocity is reduced to 1 m/s, other things remaining the same, the temperature of the exit liquid will be
(A) Less than 45°C (B) More than 45°C (C) Equal to 45°C
(D) Initially decreases and remains constant thereafter

49. The Nusselt number for fully developed (both thermally and hydrodynamically) laminar flow through a circular pipe, where the
wall heat flux is constant, is (A) 2.36 (B) 4.36 (C) 120.36 (D) Dependent on NRe only

50. Heat flux, as defined in heat flow is analogous to __________ in electricity flow.
(A) Current (B) Voltage (C) Resistance(D) None of these

51. The overall resistance for heat transfer through a series of flat resistance, is the __________ of the resistances.
(A) Average (B) Geometric mean (C) Product (D) Sum

52. The driving potential for the crystal growth during crystallisation is the __________ of the solution.
(A) Concentration (B) Viscosity (C) Super-saturation (D) Density

0.8 n
53. Heat transfer co-efficient equation for forced convection, Nu = 0.023 Re . Pr , is not valid, if the value of
(A) n = 0.4 is used for heating (B) n = 0.3 is used for cooling
(C) Reynolds number for the flow involved is > 10000 (D) Reynolds number for the flow involved is < 2100

54. For flow over a Pr

flat plate, the ratio of thermal boundary layer thickness, 'xt' and hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness 'x' is
1/3 -1/3
equal to (where, NPr = Prandtl number) (A) N (B) NPr (C) N (D) NPr

55. In a shell and tube heat exchanger, putting a longitudinal baffle across the shell, forces the shell side fluid to pass __________
through the heat exchanger. (A) Once (B) Twice (C) Thrice (D) Four times
56. An ejector is used to (A) Increase pressure (B) Increase temperature (C) Remove condensate (D) None of these

57. In a forward feed multiple effect evaporator, the pressure is (A) Highest in last effect
(B) Lowest in last effect (C) Same in all effects (D) Dependent on the number of effects

-3 2
58. In a laboratory test run, the rate of drying was found to be 0.5 x 10 kg/m .s, when the moisture content reduced from 0.4 to
0.1 on dry basis. The critical moisture content of the material is 0.08 on a dry basis. A tray dryer is used to dry 100 kg (dry basis) of
2
the same material under identical conditions. The surface area of the material is 0.04 m /kg of dry solid. The time required (in
seconds) to reduce the moisture content of the solids from 0.3 to 0.2 (dry basis) is
(A) 2000 (B) 4000 (C) 5000 (D) 6000

59. With increase in temperature, the thermal conductivity of most liquids (A) Increases
(B) Decreases (C) Remain same (D) First increases upto a certain temperature and then becomes constant

60. Peclet number (Pe) is given by (A) Pe = Re.Pr (B) Pe = Re/Pr (C) Pe = Pr/Re (D) Pe = Nu.Re

61. The film co-efficient between condensing vapour and metal wall increases with (A) Increasing temperature of the vapour
(B) Decreasing temperature of the vapour (C) Increasing viscosity of the film of condensate (D) Increasing temperature drop

62. In Fourier's law, the proportionality constant is called the (A) Heat transfer co-efficient
(B) Thermal diffusivity (C) Thermal conductivity (D) Stefan-Boltzmann constant

63. The non-dimensional temperature gradient in a liquid at the wall of a pipe is the (A) Heat flux
(B) Nusselt number (C) Prandtl number (D) Schmidt number

64. When the ratio of the Grashoff number and to the square of Reynolds number is one, the dominant mechanism of heat transfer
is: (A) Free convection
(B) Entry length problem in laminar forced conduction (developing thermal boundary layer)
(C) Mixed convection (both free and forced) (D) Forced convection

65. "The ratio of the total emissive power to the absorptivity for all bodies is same at ther-mal equilibrium". This is __________ law.
(A) Kirchoff’s (B) Planck's (C) Wien's displacement (D) Stefan-Boltzmann

-2 -1 -1 -1 -2 -1 -1 2
66. The units of resistance to heat transfer is (A) J.m .K (B) J.m .K (C) W.m .K (D) W m K

67. For a liquid in laminar flow through a very long tube, when the exit fluid temperature approaches the wall temperature, the
equation to be used is
0.8 0.4 0.5
(A) Nu = 0.023 Re . Pr (B) Nu = (π/2) Gz (C) Nu = (2/π) Gz (D) Nu = 2Gz

68. For hot feed, forward feeding as compared to backward feeding results in __________ economy.
(A) Increased (B) Decreased (C) No effect on (D) None of these

69. Pick out the wrong statement.

(A) Fluid movement under the influence of buoyant forces resulting from change in density takes place in case of natural convection
(B) The ratio NNu/NRe . Npr is called the Stanton number
(C) The Peclet number is a measure of the ratio of energy transport by convection to that by conduction
(D) The Colburn jH factor for heat transfer is given by Nst Npr

70. In sub-cooled boiling,

(A) Temperature of the heating surface is less than the boiling point of the liquid (B) Temperature of the heating surface is more than
the boiling point of the liquid (C) Bubbles from heating surface are absorbed by the mass of the liquid
(D) Very large vapour space is necessary

71. Which is the best tube arrangement (in a shell and tube heat exchanger) if the fluids are clean and non-fouling?
(A) Square pitch (B) Triangular pitch (C) Diagonal square pitch (D) None of these

72. Heat transfer by conduction results due to the transfer of free electrons, kinetic energy & vibrational energy from one molecule
to another. Conduction heat transfer cannot take place
(A) Between two bodies in physical contact with each other (B) Between two bodies not in physical contact with each other
(C) From one part of a body to the another part of the same body (D) Both 'b' & 'c'

73. A multiple effect evaporator as compared to a single effect evaporator of the same capacity has
(A) Lower heat transfer area (B) Lower steam economy (C) Higher steam economy
(D) Higher solute concentration in the product

74. The thickness of condensate layer in filmwise condensation depends on the (A) Condensation rate
(B) Surface configuration (C) Liquid flow rate from the surface (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

75. With increase in temperature, the total emissivity of conductors (A) Increases
(B) Decreases (C) Remain same (D) Decreases linearly

76. Steam economy in case of a triple effect evaporator will be (A) 1 (B) < 1 (C) > 1 (D) Between 0 and 1

77. Dittus-Boelter equation used for the determination of heat transfer co-efficient is valid (A) For fluids in laminar flow
(B) For fluids in turbulent flow
(C) When Grashoff number is very important (D) For liquid metals

78. In a forward feed multiple effect evaporator unit (A) Viscosity of liquid is highest in first effect
(B) Transfer from effect to effect is done by pumps
(C) No pump is required to withdraw the product from the last effect (D) None of these

79. In a shell and tube heat exchanger, floating head is used for (A) Large temperature differentials
(B) High heat transfer co-efficient (C) Low pressure drop (D) Less corrosion of tubes

80. The heat transfer co-efficient in film type condensation is __________ that for dropwise condensation.
(A) Greater than (B) Lower than (C) Is same as (D) Half
81. Resistance to heat flow by conduction is proportional to (where, t & ρ are thickness & density of the material respectively and A
= area normal to the direction of heat flow.)
(A) t (B) 1/ρ (C) 1/A (D) All (A), (B) & (C)

82. Dropwise condensation is promoted on a/an ______ surface. (A) Glazed(B) Oily (C) Coated (D) Smooth

83. Maximum heat transfer rate is obtained in ______ flow. (A) Laminar (B) Turbulent (C) Creeping(D) Transition region
84. Which of the following parameters of the fluid is not very important, while deciding its route in a shell and tube heat exchanger?
(A) Corrosiveness & fouling characteristics (B) Pressure (C) Viscosity (D) Density

85. In case of a super-cooled solution, which is on the verge of crystallisation, the free energy of the solution as compared to that of
the solid is
(A) More (B) Less (C) Same (D) More or less; depends on the nature of solution

86. It is desired to concentrate a 20% salt solution (20 kg of salt in 100 kg of solution) to a 30% salt solution in an evaporator. Consider
a feed of 300 kg/min at 30°C. The boiling point of the solution is 110°C, the latent heat of vaporisation is 2100 kJ/kg and the specific
heat of the solution is 4 kJ/kg.K. The rate at which the heat has to be supplied in (kJ/min) to the evaporator is
5 5 5 5
(A) 3.06 × 10 (B) 6.12 × 10 (C) 7.24 × 10 (D) 9.08 × 10

87. In a single evaporator system, the steam economy __________ by creating vacuum in the evaporator.
(A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Remain constant (D) May increase or decrease, depends on the vacuum

88. Fqra cold viscous feed, backward feed gives __________ than forward feed. (A) A higher capacity
(B) A lower capacity (C) Lower economy (D) None of these

89. Cpµ/K is termed as the __________ number. (A) Grashoff (B) Nusselt (C) Prandtl (D) Stanton

2
90. The overall heat transfer co-efficient for a shell and tube heat exchanger for clean surfaces is U0 = 400 W/m .K. The fouling
factor after one2 year of operation is found to be hd0 = 2000 W/m .K. The overall heat transfer co-efficient at this time is
2 2 2 2
(A) 1200 W/m .K (B) 894 W/m .K (C) 333 W/m .K (D) 287 W/m .K

91. The Graetz number is concerned with the (A) Mass transfer between a gas and a liquid (B) Absorption with chemical reaction
(C) Heat transfer in turbulent flow (D) Heat transfer in laminar flow

92. At what value of Prandtl number, conduction is negligible in the turbulent core of a fluid flowing through a heated pipe?
(A) 0.5 (B) < 0.5 (C) > 0.6 (D) < 0.1
2
93. The unit of conductance in SI unit is (A) W/m (B) W/m (C) W/°K (D) W/m°K
94. Pick out the wrong statement.
(A) Bubble size increases with the dynamic viscosity of the liquid in case of nucleate pool boiling (B) Thermal conductivity of a dry
material is more than that of the damp material
(C) Ratio of its capacity to economy equals the steam consumption in kg/hr in an evaporator (D) Vaporisation of organic substances
in evaporator mostly causes foam formation

95. Pick out the correct statement.

(A) Higher is the temperature of the radiating body, higher is the wavelength of radiation (B) Logarithmic mean area is used for
calculating the heat flow rate through a thick walled
cylinder
(C) The wavelength corresponding to maximum mono-chromatic emissive power increases with rise in temperature
(D) Solid angle subtended by the finite surface at the radiating element is called the angle of incidence

96. Nucleate boiling is promoted (A) On polished surfaces (B) On rough surfaces (C) In the absence of agitation (D) None of these

97. Which of the following has the lowest Prandtl number? (A) Molten sodium (a coolant used in fast breeder reactor) (B) Water(C)
Transformer oil (D) Dilute H2SO4

98. The thermal boundary layer at NPr > 1 (A) Is thicker than hydrodynamic boundary layer
(B) Is thinner than hydrodynamic boundary layer (C) And the hydrodynamic boundary layers are identical (D) Disappears

99. In case of a multipass shell and tube heat exchanger, the temperature drop in the fluid (A) Is inversely proportional to the
resistance across which the drop occurs
(B) And the wall are proportional to individual resistances (C) And the wall is not related
(D) None of these

100. Which of the following is directly concerned with the heat transfer?
(A) Strouhal number(B) Sherwood number (C) Euler number(D) Grashoff number