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    SOL 4.1 & 5.1: Scientific Investigation, Reasoning, & Logic

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    SOL 4.1 & 5.1: Scientific Investigation, Reasoning, & Logic

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    SOL 4.1 & 5.1: Scientific Investigation, Reasoning, & Logic

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 7
    At a glance
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    The document discusses different science concepts like the parts of an experiment, qualitative vs quantitative data, making observations and inferences from graphs.

    The different parts of a scientific experiment are the hypothesis, manipulated/independent variable, responding/dependent variable, constants, conclusion, and inference.

    Qualitative data examples include soft, fuzzy, stinky. Quantitative data examples include height, weight, time, temperature. Qualitative data is observed and quantitative data is measured.

    SOL 4.1 & 5.

    1 : Scientific Investigation, Reasoning, & Logic


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    Science Tools
    Identify the following science tools.
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    _______________ ___________________
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    __________ _________________

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    © K. Beasley, updated 4/2014!
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    Science Terminology
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    Hypothesis: an educated guess about what will happen in an experiment.
    Manipulated (Independent) Variable: the variable in an experiment that I change
    Reponding (Dependent) Variable: the variable in an experiment that changes as a result
    Constants: the variables in an experiment that stay the same
    Conclusion: states the results of your experiment
    Inference: using what you already know and observations to investigate
    Prediction: a guess you make about things that might happen
    Observation: something you can use your senses to smell, hear, see, or touch
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    Read this scenario, then determine what each part of the experiment is.
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    In class, Joey decided to conduct an experiment. He wanted to see if a plant that was
    watered with salt water would grow as much as a plant that was watered with plain water.
    He thinks the plant watered with salt water will grow slower than the plain watered plant. He
    chose a sunny window to put both plants in, he chose the same pots, soil, and plant. Every
    other day he watered plant A with plain water, and plant B with salt water. At the end of
    each week he measured the growth of both plants. He discovered that the plain watered
    plant grew 14 inches in one month. The other plant did not grow at all, but shrunk, and
    died. He created a graph to show his results to his classmates.
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    Determine which vocabulary word goes with each clue.
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    1. Amount of growth in the plants ____________________________________________
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    2. He thinks the salt-watered plant will grow slower _______________________________
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    3. The graph he created to show plant growth __________________________________
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    4. Watering one plant with salt water and the other with plain water ____________________
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    5. The location of the plants, the kind of plant, the pots, and the soil _________________
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    Reading a Chart to Discover More Information
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    Using the identification key above, answer the following questions:
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    1. What kind of rock fizzes with acid? ___________________________________
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    2. What kind of rock is layered and brittle? _______________________________

    3. What kind of rock has big pebbles in it? ________________________________


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    4. What rock is dark but has no layers? __________________________________
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    Observations, Inferences, Predictions, & Conclusions: It’s what scientists do
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    Identify whether each statement is a scientific prediction (P), observation (O), or an
    inference (I).
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    ______ 1. Lily is shorter than Dylan.
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    ______ 2. The bread on the counter turned moldy after a week, so next week’s loaf of bread
    will probably do the same thing.
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    ______ 3. The tiger is orange and black striped, has claws, and sharp teeth.
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    ______ 4. Astronauts must train very hard to prepare to go into space.
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    ______ 5. If lemonade dissolves into water, then Kool-Aid will probably dissolve in water.
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    ______ 6. Some underwater animals use bioluminescence to find prey.
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    ______ 7. A full moon will be followed by a waning gibbous moon.
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    ______ 8. The red flashlight shines brighter than the blue one.
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    ______ 9. Eliza thinks that the flowers she planted will be yellow when they come up again
    this spring.
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    ______ 10. The rock with lots of holes must be igneous.
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    Qualitative and Quantitative Data
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    When conducting experiments you will get both qualitative and quantitative data.

    Qualitative data can be recorded using your five ____________ (see, hear, smell, taste, and

    touch). Whereas, quantitative date can be recorded using ______________________

    (height, weight, amount of time, temperature, etc.)

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    Sort the items from the box into the correct categories.

    Qualitative Quantitative
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    soft 35 minutes pink 4 hours stinky
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    5 pounds fuzzy 73 mL 17 in. cute
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    hard 38 cm fruity green 5 ft


    © K. Beasley, updated 4/2014!


    ! 6
    Making Inferences and Predictions based on a Graph
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    Use the graph below to draw conclusions about the data.
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    AVERAGE PLANT HEIGHTS (CM)
    11.0 10.5
    8.6
    8.3 7.6
    6.6
    5.7
    5.5
    4.1

    2.8 2.1 1.7

    0.0
    Week 1 Week 5 Week 10 Week 15

    Control Road Salt

    1. Which week showed the smallest difference in the growth of the plants? _____________
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    2. Which week showed the greatest difference in the growth of the plants? _____________
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    3. If we were to continue this experiment, what would you expect would happen in week 25?
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    4. Why is the “Road Salt” plant growing slower than the control? ______________________
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    _________________________________________________________________________
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    Creating Graphs Based on Data Collected during an Experiment
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    TEST RUBBER TENNIS In this experiment, students dropped two round
    Time 1 1.80 1.90 objects, a tennis ball and a rubber ball from the
    Time 2 1.83 1.81 same height. They recorded the time it took for the
    Time 3 1.84 1.87 ball to hit the ground. The class repeated the
    Time 4 1.83 1.85
    experiment 6 times to ensure their results were
    accurate. Make a bar graph to chart their results.
    Time 5 1.78 1.89
    Be sure to include a title and label your X & Y axis.
    Time 6 1.81 1.79
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    © K. Beasley, updated 4/2014!


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