Romania: Black Sea Bulgaria Ukraine Hungary Serbia Moldova Temperate Continental Climate

Romania
Romania is a country situated in the South-Eastern part of the Central Europe. It borders
the Black Sea to the southeast, Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the
west, Serbia to the southwest, and Moldova to the east. It has a predominantly temperate-
continental climate. With a total area of 238,397 square kilometres, Romania is the largest country
in Southeastern Europe, roughly the same size as United Kingdom, slightly smaller than the US
state of Oregon.
Its capital and largest city is Bucharest and other major urban areas include Cluj-
Napoca, Timișoara, Iași, Constanța, Craiova or Brașov(the inhabitants number is about 20 milions).
The river Danube that is rises in Germany is crossing ten countries before empting in Romania's
Danube Delta. The Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve is actually home to one of the greatest
ecosystems in the world and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. There are even over 300 species of
birds recorded in the Delta. It has the third largest biodiversity in the world next to Australia’s Great
Barrier Reef and Ecuador’s Galapagos Islands, respectively.
The Carpathian Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest,
include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m and is the home of the largest European
population of bears(60% of European brown bear population), wolves, chamois and lynxes.
So, Romania is a great holiday destination either in summer, or during the winter time.
Romanians are really proud of their history, and a very important aspect of our background is our
Romanian national costume. There are areas in Romania where these costumes are still worn.
The name 'Romania' comes from the Latin word 'Romanus' which means 'citizen of the Roman
Empire'.
Trajan's Column one of the most distinctive monumental sculptures to have survived the fall of
Rome, represents a visual history of the wars between the Romans and the Dacians, with Trajan as
the hero and Decebalus, the Dacian king, as his worthy opponent.
The meaning of the word 'Transylvania' is the land beyond the forest.
Transylvania is a historical region which today is located in central Romania and it is known for the
scenery of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history and this is where are cities like Cluj-Napoca,
Brasov, Sibiu, Targu Mures and Bistrita. The Western world commonly associates Transylvania
with vampires, due to the influence of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula and its many film adaptations.
This is where the famous Bran Castle is, also known as Dracula's Castle. Vlad III, or as he was
widely known, Vlad the Impaler or Vlad Dracula, was a 15th-century voivode (or prince) of
Wallachia, the historical and geographical region of Romania. His life had inspired several legends
even when he was alive and after his death, he has become a figure of fascination across the world.
Interesting facts about Romania
The earliest reliably dated European modern human fossils, up to now, were discovered in 2002 in
southwestern Romania (at 'Cave With Bones'). The fossil's age is estimated at 37,800 to 42,000
years old. The oldest cave drawings in Central and Eastern Europe were found recently in
Romania's Coliboaia cave. Discovered by chance during a routine expedition in a very remote area
in Apuseni National Park , the 13 drawings, which represent animals such as rhinos, buffalos,
horses and cats, are approximately 32,000 years.
Inside the old Turda Salt Mines (Salina Turda) located in Transylvania, Romania, stands the
world's largest salt mine museum.
The world's largest saline Heliothermic lake is Bear Lake in Sovata - central Transylvania.
Heliothermic lakes contain a sun-heated layer of warm, saline water beneath a surface layer of
cooler, less saline water. This is the world's only natural lake whose formation time is precisely
known,on May 27, 1875 at 11 a.m.
Bitdefender – one of the best antivirus / Internet security software suites - was developed by
Romanian company Softwin.
Romanian Inventor Traian Vuia was the first European to built and fly a fully self-propelled,
fixed-wing 'automobile airplane' (March 18, 1906).
The first substance proved to have a normalizing effect on blood sugar levels - pancreatine (the
predecessor of insulin) was discovered by Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine:
Nicolae Paulescu.
The jet engine used by modern airplanes was invented by Bucharest-born inventor Henri
Coanda. Romanian inventor and aerodynamics pioneer, Henri Coanda designed and built in 1910
the world's first jet powered aircraft, known as the Coandă - 1910, which he demonstrated publicly
at the second International Aeronautic Salon in Paris. Romania's main international airport,
Bucharest Otopeni - Henri Coanda, is named after the great inventor.
The first fountain pen was invented by Craiova-born Petrache Poenaru.
The Romanian city of Timisoara was the first in Europe to have electric street-lighting (in 1889).
Timisoara was also the first European city to introduce horse-drawn trams, in 1869.
The world's first industrial oil refinery opened at Ploieşti (southern Romania) in 1857.
Famous Romanian people: Constantin Brancusi, very known among French people, is one of the
pioneers of the modern sculpture, George Enescu the Romanian composer, pianist, violinist, and
conductor is considered Romania’s most important musician, currently ranked number one in the
WTA, Simona Halep is a brilliant Romanian professional tennis player, Emil Racoviță, founder of
the world’s first Speological Institute, Emil Racoviță was a speleologist (cave studies) and the first
biologist in the world to study the Arctic life. He is considered to be, together with Rene Jeannel,
one of the founders of bio-speleology, Inna is a Romanian singer and songwriter known for hit
singles like ‘Hot’ and ‘Love', Nadia Comaneci, famous gymnast who scored the first-ever perfect
ten on asymmetric bars, at the Montreal Olympic Games in 1976. To add to that, she went to score
six more perfect 10s, thereby becoming the youngest all-around Olympic gold medalist, at just 14
years of age, Nicolae Ceausescu became the leader of Romania in 1965 and ruthlessly ruled over
the country for more than two decades before he was overthrown and killed in a revolution, Mihai
Eminescu, famous Romanian poet, who transformed both the form and content of
Romanian poetry, creating a school of poetry that strongly influenced Romanian writers and poets
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
“I have often been asked about what brings me so often to Romania, what makes this place so
special. The answer is, to me, very simple: you, my Romanian friends; your cultural and nature
patrimony, your traditions, but also your capacity for innovation and change. All that you represent
after centuries of history – your identity and your entire potential. All the energy you can expand to
change something. These are the things that make you truly special in the entire world”, Prince
Charles.

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