VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA-590018

INTERNSHIP REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
As prescribed by the Visvesvaraya Technological University

Submitted by:

SHAZLI OMAR FAZAL

(USN 4PA15ME107)
Under the guidance of:
Mr. RAYID MUNEER Mr.KRISHNAPRASAD
Assistant Professor Trainer
Department of Mechanical Engineering, CSEED Solutions
PACE,Mangaluru-574153 Trissur ,Kerala-680004

P.A. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University &
Certified by ISO 9001-2008) Nadupadavu, Mangaluru -574153, KARNATAKA.

JANUARY 2019
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA-590018.

AN INTERNSHIP REPORT

Carried out at

Centre for Skill Enhancement and Employability Development

Buhari Tower, Sankarayyajn., M.G road, Trissur, Kerala-680004, INDIA

By

SHAZLI OMAR FAZAL 4PA15ME107

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Under the guidance of

Mr.RAYID MUNEER Mr.KRISHNAPRASAD

Assistant Professor Trainer
Department of Mechanical Engineering CSEED Solutions
PACE, Mangaluru-574153 Trissur ,Kerala-680004

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

P. A. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi&
Certified by ISO 9001-2008), Nadupadavu, MANGALURU – 574153, KARNATAKA.
2018-2019
 P. A COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University &

Certified by ISO 9001-2008), Nadupadavu, MANGALURU – 574153, KARNATAKA.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Internship carried out at Centre for Skill Enhancement and
Employability Development, Buhari Tower, Sankarayya jn., M.G road, Trissur,
Kerala – 680004, INDIA, by Mr. Shazli Omar Fazal (USN: 4PA15ME107) is a
bonafide work conducted in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering
in Mechanical Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi,
during the academic year 2018–2019. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions
indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the
department library. The internship report has been approved as it satisfied the academic
requirements in respect of internship prescribed for the said degree.

Coordinator (s) Head of the Department Principal

Name of the Examiners: Signature with date

1.

2.
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this Industrial Training carried out at “Centre for Skill
Enhancement and Employability Development, Buhari Tower, Sankarayya jn., M.G
road, Trissur, Kerala – 680004, INDIA”, is an independent study conducted during the
academic year 2018-19, under the guidance of Mr. Rayid Muneer, Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PACE, Mangaluru and Mr. Krishna Prasad,
Trainer, CSEED Solutions, Trissur, Kerala.

I further declare that this work has not formed the basis for the award of any
degree/diploma of any other university/institution.

Date: SHAZLI OMAR FAZAL

Place: (4PA15ME107)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Mr.Krishna

Prasad, Trainer, CSEED Solutions, Trissur, Kerala for his guidance and constant
supervision during the course of internship. I also thank staff members of mechanical
department for their constant support and providing necessary technical information
during the internship period.

I would like to thank my internal guide Mr. Rayid Muneer, Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PACE, Mangaluru for his guidance,
support and suggestions for improvement during the course of my training.
I am pleased to express my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my
beloved H.O.D. of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. RAMIS M K, for his constant
support.
I am indebted to my Principal Dr. ABDUL SHARIEF, for providing an
opportunity and motivating me to carry out this training.
I thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff of Mechanical Engineering
Department, PACE, for their help and support.
Finally, I would like to express my profound gratitude to my parents and friends
who have helped us in every conceived manner with their valuable suggestions,
encouragement and moral support.

SHAZLI OMAR FAZAL

 CONTENTS

SI.NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

List Of Figures Iii

Abstract Iv

General Instructions
1.1 Industrial Training Objectives
1. 1-2
1.2 Scope Of Industrial Training
1.3 Limitations
Company Profile
2. 3
2.1 Vision

3. About Company 4

Introduction
4.1 Mechatronics
4. 4.2 Robotics 5-12
4.2.1 Applications
4.2.2 Components
Task Performed
5.1 Learning Programming Language
5.1.1 About C Programming
5.1.2 Layout
5.1.3 Basic Codes and Commands
5.1.4 Example
5. 5.2 Components 13-24
5.2.1 Arduino
5.2.2 HC-05 Bluetooth Module
5.2.3 IR Sensor Module
5.2.4 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor HC-SR04
5.2.5 Servo Motors
5.3 Proteus

i
 Work Carried Out
6. 25-28
6.1 RC Car

7. Reflection 29

8. Conclusion 30

9. References 31

ii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page No.

1 Euler diagram of mechatronics 6

2 Atlas humanoid robot 8

3 Schematic diagram of arduino 17

4 HC-05 Bluetooth module 18

Connecting Bluetooth module with

5 19
arduino

6 I R module 20

7 Ultrasonic sensor module 21

8 Servo motor and pins 22

9 Connection diagram with arduino 22

10 Proteus software layout 24

iii
 ABSTRACT

This report consists of importance of internship, its scope and objectives. It

includes the history, profile, type, objective, vision, values, working of the company. It
consists of detailed introduction to mechatronics and robotics. It also consists of basics of
C programming, syntax and various commands. It includes information on various
components and instruments and its uses. It also consists of detailed description of
proteus software. It also includes examples of executed works at the company

iv
 1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

INTRODUCTION

An internship is on-the-job training for many professional jobs, similar to an

apprenticeship, more often taken up by college and university students during their
undergraduate or master degree to supplement their formal education and expose them to
the world of practical work. Internships offer various occasions to interns during
internship programs to expand familiarity in their chosen area of work, develop
professional network links and build interpersonal skill.

Internship is practical education. Through internship programs intern acquire more

knowledge of the job and learn or sharpen the needed skills, attitudes and values
associated with efficient performance of their job.

Internships also help students to improve their other personality attributes such as
to get better oral and written communication, management, direction, time, and project
management skills.

1.1 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING OBJECTIVES

 The main objective of Industrial Training is to expose the students to actual

working environment and enhance their knowledge and skill from what they have
learnt in the college.
 To provide comprehensive learning platform to students where they can enhance
their employ ability skills and become job ready along with real corporate
exposure.
 To enhance students knowledge in specific technical area.
 To Increase self-confidence of students and helps in finding their own proficiency.
 To cultivate student’s leadership ability, technical strength, teamwork spirit and
responsibility to perform or execute the given task.
 To provide learners hands on practice within a real job situation.
 To provide students the opportunity to test their interest in a particular career
before permanent commitments are made.
 To develop skills in the application of theory to practical work situations.
 To expose students to real work environment experience gain knowledge in
writing report in technical works/projects.

1
1.2 SCOPE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

 To know how best an industry can serve & give name and fame to the nation.
 To know the advanced technologies, machineries, equipments, tools, procedures,
safety aspects and policies and their implementations in the selected industry.
 To develop attitude, capability and stability to withstand the changing global
requirement in advance which is most required for the industry or any
organization.
 To understand the problems encountered in the industry, their solutions and
gaining experience to select the optimal solution from the many alternatives
available.
 To understand the formal and informal relationships in an industrial organization
so as to promote favorable human relations and teamwork.

1.3 LIMITATIONS

 Time spent in the industry was short and therefore there will be limited exposure.
 Working along with the employees during in-plant training was not allowed as the
intern does not have the necessary experience and skills to perform any job.
 All the information related to an industry cannot be shared due to the term of
confidentiality.

2
 2. COMPANY PROFILE

Centre for Skill Enhancement and Employability Development (CSEED) is an

affiliate of National Council for Technology and Training (NACTET) an autonomous
organization registered under Govt of Kerala and Government of India NCT, New Delhi
under Indian trust act. CSEED focuses on enhancing the experience of technical
education and real time practice on world beating technologies. The induction of latest
technology platforms offers an immersive learning experience to candidates and trainers
ensures that forthcoming industry needs are met with.

A National Policy on Skill Development has been formulated by the Ministry of

Labour & Employment. The objective is to create a workforce empowered with improved
skills, knowledge and internationally recognized qualifications to gain access to decent
employment and ensure India`s competitiveness in the dynamic Global Labour market. It
aims at increase in productivity of workforce both in the organized and the unorganized
sectors, seeking increased participation of youth, women, disabled and other
disadvantaged sections and to synergize efforts of various sectors and reform the present
system. At present the capacity of skill development in India is around 3.1 million
persons per year. The XI Five Year Plan envisions an increase in that capacity to 15
million annually. India has target of creating 500 million skilled workers by 2022. Thus,
there is a need for increasing capacity and capability of skill development programs.

2.1 VISION:

CSEED initiates employment generation, economic growth and social

development process. Our skill development policy will be an integral part of
comprehensive economic, labor and social policies and programs. It will promote
excellence and will meet the requirements of knowledge economy. CSEED endeavors to
provide industry relevant education and well-crafted training and skill development
programs in different technical areas through selected affiliates.

3
 3.ABOUT COMPANY

Centre for Skill Enhancement and Employability Development (CSEED) is a

centre of excellence that attempts to compensate for the gap between engineering course
content and the requirements of the engineering services industry by
providing specialized technical training and personality development programs (soft
skills).

The Diploma courses will help candidates to ‘learn by doing’. It motivate you to
perform at your peak and teach you everything you need to get a Job. You’ll get to know
the course content, both theory & practical sessions and pursue the targeted development
of your personal strengths and technical knowledge.
They have a strong synergetic partnership with universities, industry and industry
associations. These partnerships should cater to different aspects and needs of the
industry. We strongly focus on providing industry-ready training in technical areas like
Embedded Systems, VLSI, Semiconductor Technology, Fibre Optics, Software and
Mobile Applications etc. The curriculum is designed to ensure better adaptability by
students from different streams. The main focus of the program is:

 Increase the industry-readiness of the fresh engineering graduates

 Bridge the industry and education sector gap by catering to the needs of industry
 Create a path where the industry and educational sector can synergise efforts to
train manpower
 Develop the requisite industry know-how for students to facilitate better
employability
 Ensure a greater number of industry-ready engineers are available for the industry
to recruit

During the course period, candidates will work in a number of Live Projects,
trained on-the-job as well as classroom training. They will actively involve in Industry
Projects as well as benefiting from professional and individual guidance of experienced
faculties. Candidates will work on the right combination of assignments and discussions
to match with their interests and skills. It will also enhance their knowledge at seminars &
workshops that they attend during the training period.

4
 4. INTRODUCTION

4.1MECHATRONICS:

Mechatronics, which is also called mechatronic engineering, is

a multidisciplinary branch of engineering that focuses on the engineering of
both electrical and mechanical systems, and also includes a combination
of robotics, electronics, computer, telecommunications, systems, control,and product engi
neering. As technology advances over time, various subfields of engineering have
succeeded in both adapting and multiplying. The intention of mechatronics is to produce a
design solution that unifies each of these various subfields. Originally, the field of
mechatronics was intended to be nothing more than a combination of mechanics and
electronics, hence the name being a portmanteau of mechanics and electronics; however,
as the complexity of technical systems continued to evolve, the definition had been
broadened to include more technical areas.

The word mechatronics originated in Japanese-English and was created by

Tetsuro Mori, an engineer of Yaskawa Electric Corporation. The word mechatronics was
registered as trademark by the company in Japan with the registration number of "46-
32714" in 1971. However, afterward the company released the right of using the word to
public, the word begun being used across the world.

French standard NF E 01-010 gives the following definition: "approach aiming at

the synergistic integration of mechanics, electronics, control theory, and computer science
within product design and manufacturing, in order to improve and/or optimize its
functionality".

Engineering cybernetics deals with the question of control engineering of

mechatronic systems. It is used to control or regulate such a system (see control theory).
Through collaboration, the mechatronic modules perform the production goals and inherit
flexible and agile manufacturing properties in the production scheme. Modern production
equipment consists of mechatronic modules that are integrated according to a control
architecture. The most known architectures involve hierarchy, polyarchy, heterarchy, and
hybrid. The methods for achieving a technical effect are described by control algorithms,
which might or might not utilize formal methods in their design. Hybrid systems
important to mechatronics include production systems, synergy drives, planetary
exploration rovers, automotive subsystems such as anti-lock braking systems and spin-

5
assist, and everyday equipment such as autofocus cameras, video, hard disks, and CD
players.

Engineering cybernetics deals with the question of control engineering of

mechatronic systems. It is used to control or regulate such a system (see control theory).
Through collaboration, the mechatronic modules perform the production goals and inherit
flexible and agile manufacturing properties in the production scheme. Modern production
equipment consists of mechatronic modules that are integrated according to a control
architecture. The most known architectures involve hierarchy, polyarchy, heterarchy, and
hybrid. The methods for achieving a technical effect are described by control algorithms,
which might or might not utilize formal methods in their design. Hybrid systems
important to mechatronics include production systems, synergy drives, planetary
exploration rovers, automotive subsystems such as anti-lock braking systems and spin-
assist, and everyday equipment such as autofocus cameras, video, hard disks, and CD
players.

Figure 1: Euler diagram of mechatronics

6
4.2 ROBOTICS:

Robotics is interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical

engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, computer science, and
others. Robotics deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of robots, as well
as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing.

These technologies are used to develop machines that can substitute for humans and
replicate human actions. Robots can be used in many situations and for lots of purposes,
but today many are used in dangerous environments (including bomb
detection and deactivation), manufacturing processes, or where humans cannot survive
(e.g. in space). Robots can take on any form but some are made to resemble humans in
appearance. This is said to help in the acceptance of a robot in certain replicative
behaviors usually performed by people. Such robots attempt to replicate walking, lifting,
speech, cognition, and basically anything a human can do. Many of today's robots are
inspired by nature, contributing to the field of bio-inspired robotics.

The concept of creating machines that can operate autonomously dates back to classica
times, but research into the functionality and potential uses of robots did not grow
substantially until the 20th century. Throughout history, it has been frequently assumed
by various scholars, inventors, engineers, and technicians that robots will one day be able
to mimic human behavior and manage tasks in a human-like fashion. Today, robotics is a
rapidly growing field, as technological advances continue; researching, designing, and
building new robots serve various practical purposes,
whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots are built to do jobs that
are hazardous to people, such as defusing bombs, finding survivors in unstable ruins, and
exploring mines and shipwrecks. Robotics is also used in STEM (science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics) as a teaching aid.The advent of nanorobots, microscopic
robots that can be injected into the human body, could revolutionize medicine and human
health.

Robotics is a branch of engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture,

and operation of robots. This field overlaps with electronics, computer science, artificial
intelligence, mechatronics, nanotechnology and bioengineering.

The word robotics was derived from the word robota, which was introduced to the public
by Czech writer KarelČapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), which was
published in 1920. The word robot comes from the Slavic word robota, which means

7
labour/work. In 1948, Norbert Wiener formulated the principles of cybernetics, the basis
of practical robotics.

Fully autonomous only appeared in the second half of the 20th century. The first digitally
operated and programmable robot, the Unimate, was installed in 1961 to lift hot pieces of
metal from a die casting machine and stack them. Commercial and industrial robots are
widespread today and used to perform jobs more cheaply, more accurately and more
reliably, than humans. They are also employed in some jobs which are too dirty,
dangerous, or dull to be suitable for humans. Robots are widely used in manufacturing,
assembly, packing and packaging, mining, transport, earth and space exploration, surgery,
weaponry, laboratory research, safety, and mass production of consumer and industrial
goods.

Figure 2: Atlas Humanoid Robot

8
4.2.1 Applications:

 Military robots.
 Industrial robots: Robots are increasingly used in manufacturing (since the 1960s).
According to the Robotic Industries Association= US data, in 2016 automotive
industry was the main customer of industrial robots with 52% of total sales. In the
auto industry, they can amount for more than half of the "labor". There are even
"lights off" factories such as an IBM keyboard manufacturing factory in Texas
that was fully automated as early as 2003.
 Cobots (collaborative robots).
 Construction robots. Construction robots can be separated into three types:
traditional robots, robotic arm, and robotic exoskeleton.
 Agricultural robots (AgRobots). The use of robots in agriculture is closely linked
to the concept of AI-assisted precision agriculture and drone usage.1996-1998
research also proved that robots can perform a herding task.
 Medical robots of various types (such as da Vinci Surgical System and Hospi).
 Kitchen automation. Commercial examples of kitchen automation are Flippy
(burgers), Zume Pizza (pizza), Cafe X (coffee), Makr Shakr (cocktails), Frobot
(frozen yogurts) and Sally (salads). Home examples
are Rotimatic (flatbreads baking)and Boris (dishwasher loading).
 Robot combat for sport – hobby or sport event where two or more robots fight in
an arena to disable each other. This has developed from a hobby in the 1990s to
several TV series worldwide.
 Cleanup of contaminated areas, such as toxic waste or nuclear facilities.
 Domestic robots.
 Nano robots.
 Swarm robotics.
 Autonomous drones

9
4.2.2Components:

i. Power source:

At present, mostly (lead–acid) batteries are used as a power source. Many different
types of batteries can be used as a power source for robots. They range from lead–acid
batteries, which are safe and have relatively long shelf lives but are rather heavy
compared to silver–cadmium batteries that are much smaller in volume and are currently
much more expensive. Designing a battery-powered robot needs to take into account
factors such as safety, cycle lifetime and weight. Generators, often some type of internal
combustion engine, can also be used. However, such designs are often mechanically
complex and need a fuel, require heat dissipation and are relatively heavy. A tether
connecting the robot to a power supply would remove the power supply from the robot
entirely. This has the advantage of saving weight and space by moving all power
generation and storage components elsewhere. However, this design does come with the
drawback of constantly having a cable connected to the robot, which can be difficult to
manage. Potential power sources could be:

 pneumatic (compressed gases)

 Solar power (using the sun's energy and converting it into electrical power)
 hydraulics (liquids)
 flywheel energy storage
 organic garbage (through anaerobic digestion)
 nuclear

ii. Actuation:

Actuators are the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which convert stored energy into
movement. By far the most popular actuators are electric motors that rotate a wheel or
gear, and linear actuators that control industrial robots in factories. There are some recent
advances in alternative types of actuators, powered by electricity, chemicals, or
compressed air. E.g.:

 Electric motors

10
  Linear actuators
 Series elastic actuators
 Air muscles
 Muscle wire
 Electroactive polymers
 Piezo motors
 Elastic nanotubes

iii. Sensing:

Sensors allow robots to receive information about a certain measurement of the

environment, or internal components. This is essential for robots to perform their tasks,
and act upon any changes in the environment to calculate the appropriate response. They
are used for various forms of measurements, to give the robots warnings about safety or
malfunctions, and to provide real-time information of the task it is performing.E.g:

 Touch
 Vision
 Manipulation

iv. Manipulation:

Robots need to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an
effect. Thus the "hands" of a robot are often referred to as end effectors,while the "arm" is
referred to as a manipulator.Most robot arms have replaceable effectors, each allowing
them to perform some small range of tasks. Some have a fixed manipulator which cannot
be replaced, while a few have one very general purpose manipulator, for example, a
humanoid hand.Learning how to manipulate a robot often requires a close feedback
between human to the robot, although there are several methods for remote manipulation
of robots.E.g.:

 Mechanical grippers
 Vacuum grippers
 General purpose effectors

11
 v. Human-robot interaction:

The state of the art in sensory intelligence for robots will have to progress through
several orders of magnitude if we want the robots working in our homes to go beyond
vacuum-cleaning the floors. If robots are to work effectively in homes and other non-
industrial environments, the way they are instructed to perform their jobs, and especially
how they will be told to stop will be of critical importance. The people who interact with
them may have little or no training in robotics, and so any interface will need to be
extremely intuitive. Science fiction authors also typically assume that robots will
eventually be capable of communicating with humans through speech, gestures,
and facial expressions, rather than a command-line interface. Although speech would be
the most natural way for the human to communicate, it is unnatural for the robot. It will
probably be a long time before robots interact as naturally as the fictional C-3PO, or Data
of Star Trek, Next Generation.E.g:

 Speech recognition
 Robotic voice
 Gestures
 Facial expression
 Artificial emotions

12
 5. TASK PERFORMED

5.1LEARNING PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:

5.1.1 ABOUT C PROGRAMMING :

C is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language,

supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static
type system prevents many unintended operations. By design, C provides constructs that
map efficiently to typical machine instructions, and it has therefore found lasting use in
applications that were previously coded in assembly language. Such applications
include operating systems, as well as various application software for computers ranging
from supercomputers to embedded systems.

C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie, between 1972 and
1973. It was created to make utilities running on Unix. Later, it was applied to re-
implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually
gained popularity. Nowadays, it is one of the most widely used programming
languageswith C compilers from various vendors available for the majority of
existing computer architectures and operating systems. C has been standardized by
the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) since 1989 (see ANSI C) and
subsequently by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

C is an imperative procedural language. It was designed to be compiled using a

relatively straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide
language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require
minimal runtime support. Despite its low-level capabilities, the language was designed to
encourage cross-platform programming. A standards-compliant C program that is written
with portability in mind can be compiled for a wide variety of computer platforms and
operating systems with few changes to its source code; the language has become available
on various platforms, from embedded microcontrollers to supercomputers.

13
5.1.2 LAYOUT:

Void setup () //initialization function

Statement 1(); //first initialization statement

Statement 2(); //second initialization statement

Void loop () //loop function or heart of the program

Statement 1(); //execution function 1

Statement 2(); //execution function 2

5.1.3 BASIC CODES AND COMMANDS:

 digitalRead() : Reads the value from a specified digital pin, either HIGH or LOW.

Syntax: digitalRead(pin, value)

 digitalWrite(): Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin.

Syntax: digitalWrite(pin, value)

 pinMode(): Configures the specified pin to behave either as an input or an output.

Syntax: pinMode(pin, mode)

 delay(): Pauses the program for the amount of time (in milliseconds) specified as
parameter.

Syntax: delay(ms)

 analogRead(): Reads the value from a specified analog pin, ranging from 0-1023
for 10 bits or 0-4095 for 12 bits.

14
 Syntax: analogRead(pin, value)

 analogWrite():Writes an analog value to a pin.Pin number can be any number of

pin on micro-controller and value can be any number between 0 and 255.

Syntax: analogWrite(pin, value)

5.1.4 EXAMPLE:

1. Program for LED blink

void setup ( )

pinMode (13, OUTPUT); //pin 13 is set as output pin

void loop( ) // The loop function runs again and again

digitalWrite (13,HIGH); // Turn ON the LED on pin 13

delay (1000); //Wait for 1sec

digitalWrite (13, LOW); //Turn OFF the LED on pin 13

2. Program for traffic light

int red = 10;

int yellow = 9;
int green = 8;
void setup(){
pinMode(red, OUTPUT);
pinMode(yellow, OUTPUT);
pinMode(green, OUTPUT);

15
}
void loop(){
changeLights();
delay(15000);
}

void changeLights(){
// green off, yellow on for 3 seconds
digitalWrite(green, LOW);
digitalWrite(yellow, HIGH);
delay(3000);

// turn off yellow, then turn red on for 5 seconds

digitalWrite(yellow, LOW);
digitalWrite(red, HIGH);
delay(5000);

// red and yellow on for 2 seconds (red is already on though)

digitalWrite(yellow, HIGH);
delay(2000);

// turn off red and yellow, then turn on green

digitalWrite(yellow, LOW);
digitalWrite(red, LOW);
digitalWrite(green, HIGH);
delay(3000);
}

16
5.2 COMPONENTS:

5.2.1 ARDUINO:

Arduino is an open source programmable circuit board that can be integrated into a wide
variety of makerspace projects both simple and complex. This board contains
a microcontroller which is able to be programmed to sense and control objects in the
physical world. By responding to sensors and inputs, the Arduino is able to interact with
a large array of outputs such as LEDs, motors and displays. Because of its flexibility and
low cost, Arduino has become a very popular choice for makers and makerspaces looking
to create interactive hardware projects.

Figure 3:SchematicDaigram of Arduino

 Reset Button – This will restart any code that is loaded to the Arduino board.
 AREF – Stands for “Analog Reference” and is used to set an external reference
voltage.
 Ground Pin – There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they all work the
same.
 Digital Input/OutputPins – 2-13 can be used for digital input or output.
 USB Plug – Used for powering up your Arduino and uploading sketches.

17
  Serial Out (TX) – Pin for the transmitter.
 Serial IN (RX) – Pin for receiver.
 AT mega Microcontroller – This is the brains and is where the programs are
stored
 External Power Supply – This is used for powering Arduino with external
adapters.
 3.3V Pin – This pin supplies 3.3 volts of power to the projects.
 5V Pin – This pin supplies 5 volts of power to the projects.
 Analog Pins – These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor and convert it
to digital.

5.2.2 HC-05 Bluetooth Module

HC-05 is a Bluetooth module which is designed for wireless communication. This
module can be used in a master or slave configuration. Bluetooth serial modules allow all
serial enabled devices to communicate with each other using Bluetooth.

Figure 4: HC-05 Bluetooth Module

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It has 6 pins,

 Key/EN: It is used to bring Bluetooth module in AT commands mode. If Key/EN

pin is set to high, then this module will work in command mode. Otherwise by
default it is in data mode.
HC-05 module has two modes,
i. Data mode: Exchange of data between devices.
ii. Command mode: It uses AT commands which are used to change setting
of HC-05. To send these commands to module serial (USART) port is
used.
 VCC: Connect 5 V or 3.3 V to this Pin.
 GND: Ground Pin of module.
 TXD: Transmit Serial data (wirelessly received data by Bluetooth module
transmitted out serially on TXD pin)
 RXD: Receive data serially (received data will be transmitted wirelessly by
Bluetooth module).
 State: It acts as a status indicator.When the module is not connected to /
paired with any other bluetooth device,signal goes Low.At this low state,the led
flashes continuously which denotes that the module is not paired with other
device.When this module is connected to/paired with any other bluetooth
device,the signal goes High.At this high state,the led blinks with a constant
delay say for example 2s delay which indicates that the module is paired.

Figure 5: Connecting Bluetooth module with arduino.

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5.2.3 IR SENSOR MODULE
Infrared Obstacle Sensor Module has builtin IR transmitter and IR receiver that
sends out IR energy and looks for reflected IR energy to detect presence of any obstacle
in front of the sensor module. The module has on board potentiometer that lets user adjust
detection range. The sensor has very good and stable response even in ambient light or in
complete darkness.

When the IR transmitter emits radiation, it reaches the object and some of the radiation
reflects back to the IR receiver. Based on the intensity of the reception by the IR receiver,
the output of the sensor is defined.

Figure 6: IR module
 Vcc :3.3 to 5Vdc Supply Input
 Gnd : Ground Input
 Out :Output that goes low when obstacle is in range
 Power LED : Illuminates when power is applied
 Obstacle LED : Illuminates when obstacle is detected
 Distance Adjust: Adjust detection distance. CCW decreases distance.
CW increases distance.
 IR Emitter : Infrared emitter LED
 IR Receiver: Infrared receiver that receives signal transmitted by Infrared
emitter.

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5.2.4 ULTRASONIC DISTANCE SENSOR HC-SR04

This ultrasonic sensor module can be used for measuring distance, object sensor, motion
sensors etc. High sensitive module can be used with microcontroller to integrate with
motion circuits to make robotic projects and other distance, position & motion sensitive
products. Ultrasonic Distance Sensor provides very short (2CM) to long-range (4M)
detection and ranging. The sensor provides precise and stable non-contact distance
measurements from about 2cm to 4 meters with very high accuracy. It can be easily
interfaced to any microcontroller.

Figure 7: Ultrasonic Sensor Module

VCC:5V supply.

TRIG: Trigger input of sensor. Microcontroller applies 10 us trigger pulse to the HC-
SR04 ultrasonic module.

ECHO:Echo output of sensor. Microcontroller reads/monitors this pin to detect the

obstacle or to find the distance.

GND:Ground pin.

5.2.5 SERVO MOTORS

A servo motor is an electric device used for precise control of angular rotation. It is used
in applications that demand precise control over motion, like in case of control of
a robotic arm.The rotation angle of the servo motor is controlled by applying a PWM
signal to it.By varying the width of the PWM signal, we can change the rotation angle and
direction of the motor.

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 Figure 8: Servo Motors and Pins

Figure 9: Connection Diagram with Arduino

SYNTAX:

 Servo myservo:
This creates an object named myservo of the class Servo.
 myservo.attach(pin):
This function attaches the servo variable to a pin.Pin is the pin number to which
the servo is attached.
 myservo.write(angle):

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 This function writes a value to the servo, thus controlling the position of the shaft.
Angle can take values between 0 to 180.
 map(value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)
This function is used to map a number from one range to another range. This
means that “value” having a value between “fromLow” to “fromHigh” gets
converted to equivalent values in the range
of “toLow” to “toHigh”. “fromLow” gets mapped to “toLow” and so on.

5.3 PROTEUS:

The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used primarily for electronic
design automation. The software is used mainly by electronic design engineers and
technicians to create schematics and electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit
boards.It was developed in Yorkshire, England by Lab center Electronics Ltd and is
available in English, French, Spanish and Chinese languages.

The Proteus Design Suite is a Windows application for schematic capture, simulation, and
PCB (Printed Circuit Board) layout design. It can be purchased in many configurations,
depending on the size of designs being produced and the requirements for microcontroller
simulation. All PCB Design products include an autorouter and basic mixed mode SPICE
simulation capabilities.

The micro-controller simulation in Proteus works by applying either a hex file or a debug
file to the microcontroller part on the schematic. It is then co-simulated along with any
analog and digital electronics connected to it. This enables its use in a broad spectrum of
project prototyping in areas such as motor control, temperature control and user interface
design. It also finds use in the general hobbyist community and, since no hardware is
required, is convenient to use as training or teaching tool.

The PCB Layout module is automatically given connectivity information in the form of a
netlist from the schematic capture module. It applies this information, together with the
user specified design rules and various design automation tools, to assist with error free
board design. PCB's of up to 16 copper layers can be produced with design size limited
by product configuration.

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 Figure 10: Proteus software layout

The 3D Viewer module allows the board under development to be viewed in 3D together
with a semi-transparent height plane that represents the boards enclosure. STEP output
can then be used to transfer to mechanical CAD software such as Solidworks or Autodesk
for accurate mounting and positioning of the board.

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 6. WORK CARRIED OUT

6.1 RC CAR

Here is the list of parts we used:

• 1 x car chassis with motors

• 1 x Arduino Uno Board

• 1 x 2 channel motor driver

• 1 x Bluetooth module (HC05 or HC06)

• Batteries

• Jumper wires

Program:

//speed of motors between 0 and 255, if you like you can change it

int pwm_speedA = 255;

int pwm_speedB = 240;

char command;

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);

//pins for motor controller

pinMode(11, OUTPUT);

pinMode(10, OUTPUT);

pinMode(9, OUTPUT);

pinMode(6, OUTPUT);

pinMode(5, OUTPUT);

pinMode(3, OUTPUT);

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void loop() {

if(Serial.available() > 0){

command = Serial.read();

motors_stop();

switch(command){

case 'F':

forward();

break;

case 'B':

backward();

break;

case 'L':

left();

break;

case 'R':

right();

break;

}}}

// function for driving straight

void forward(){

digitalWrite(10, HIGH);

digitalWrite(11, LOW);

digitalWrite(9, HIGH);

digitalWrite(6, LOW);

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analogWrite(5, pwm_speedA);

analogWrite(3, pwm_speedB);

//function for reversing

void backward(){

digitalWrite(10, LOW);

digitalWrite(11, HIGH);

digitalWrite(9, LOW);

digitalWrite(6, HIGH);

analogWrite(5, pwm_speedA);

analogWrite(3, pwm_speedB);

//function for turning left

void left(){

digitalWrite(11, LOW);

digitalWrite(10, LOW);

digitalWrite(9, HIGH);

digitalWrite(6, LOW);

analogWrite(3, 0);

analogWrite(5, pwm_speedA);

//function for turning right

void right(){

digitalWrite(10, HIGH);

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digitalWrite(11, LOW);

digitalWrite(9, LOW);

digitalWrite(6, LOW);

analogWrite(3, pwm_speedB);

analogWrite(5, 0);

//function for stopping motors

void motors_stop(){

digitalWrite(11, LOW);

digitalWrite(10, LOW);

digitalWrite(9,LOW);

digitalWrite(6, LOW);

analogWrite(5, 0);

analogWrite(3, 0);

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 8.REFLECTION

Internship offers students a period of practical experience in the industry relating to their
field of study. This experience is valuable to students as a means of allowing them to
experience how their studies are applied I the real world.

 During the organization study I got familiarized with many mechanical and
electrical components.
 I acquired the knowledge of division of labor as there were different functions in
different departments.
 It helped me to understand more about time management on work basis.
 Communication with colleagues increased my knowledge in work as well as
helped in sharing knowledge with each other.
 I could gain hands-on experience with the materials and components.
 It helped to learn about software programming integrated with the working.

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 7. CONCLUSION

The experience of my internship training at the CSEED solutions, Trissur,

Keralahas been immensely informative and helping. It helped me to get hands-on
experience and also to understand various practices that are being followed in the
mechatronics field.I have learnt new technical concepts, acquired new technical skills and
improved the existing ones too, other than those gained in the academic curriculum. What
I liked most about my training is that it is very strongly related to thesubjects and
experiments we studied in the curriculum. I am immensely satisfied by the guidance and
co-operation received from all people working in the company. They enlightened me with
all the technical knowledge they could possibly impart. To summarizewith, the main
technical skills that I learnt here are as follows:

 Basic arduino programs in C language

 Various instruments and components used in basic robotics.
 Use of proteus software and its applications.

To conclude, I would like to state that the internship training has been a really
enlightening and useful. I hope that the practical knowledge gained during the
internship will definitely help me in finding job opportunities and perform well at
the time of delivering my duties as a mechanical engineer.

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 8. REFERENCES

1. https://www.cseed.org
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechatronics
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics
4. https://www.arduino.cc/
5. https://www.labcenter.com/

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