CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

UITM PAHANG, KAMPUS JENGKA

BUILDING SERVICES
ECM346
OPEN-ENDED LAB
MARCH – JULY 2019

TITLE OF : BUILDING TRANSPORTATION

EXPERIMENT
DATE OF : 16/5/2019
EXPERIMENT
GROUP : EC1104H
GROUP MEMBERS : 1. MEGAT HAKIMI BIN AZHAR (2017209646)
2. NUR MUHAMMAD ‘ATEEQULLAH BIN
MOHAMED NAZLI (2017219206)
3. NUR IZZATI ELIANA BINTI AZIMAN (2017218636)
4. IRHAM BIN ISMA ADHHA (2017224048)

LECTURER : MISS AINAMARDIA NAZARUDDIN

LEVEL OF OPENESS : 1

NO ELEMENT COPO Marks COMMENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 BASIC CONCEPT

SUMMARY OF
3
PROCEDURES/METHOD
ANALYSIS AND
4 INTERPETATION OF 2 4 6 8 10
DATA
5 DISCUSSION OF RESULT 2 4 6 8 10

6 CONCLUSIONS 2 4 6 8 10

TOTAL MARKS /30

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as Level 0) will

not be able to provide the avenue for students to enhance independent learning activities and
inculcate creativity and innovation. The traditional method is fully prescriptive where the three
elements namely problem, ways & means and answers are provided/fully given to the
students. However, it is still necessary to be implemented as part of the whole laboratory
course activity specially to firstand second-year students.

In this laboratory activity students will be introduced to the concept, principles and the
mechanism of the requirement of building transportation.

1.1 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this laboratory session is:

 To study the basic concepts, principles and the mechanism of the requirement of
building transportation and familiarise with the equipment and their operation. (lift,
escalator and travelators)
 To study the accident and safety of the equipment.

2.0 APPARATUS

 Lift
 Escalator
 Travellator

3.0 PROCEDURES

1. By using technology, surf the internet and obtaine the schematic diagram on the
operational mechanism of building transportation.
2. Analysis and obtain the infotmation regarding the function of each components and
accessories.
3. Find an accident, problems or issues occur that related to any building transportation
and its solution.
4.0 APPENDIX

Figure 4.1 Elevator / Lift

Figure 4.2 Escalator

Figure 4.3 Travellator

5.0 DATA ACQUISITION

5.1 Elevator / Lift (Based on figure 4.1)

1. Component and functions of elevator.

a. Speed Governors
i. If the elevator runs more than the speed limit, the speed
governors controls the speed.
ii. It generally attached to the bottom of the car and also known as
a governors rope.
b. Electric Motor
i. Electric motor provides a smooth functioning of lifts.
ii. It also helps in preventing from faces any serious condition.
c. Elevator Rails
i. Sliding up and down in the elevator is conceivable with the
proper functioning of elevator rails.
d. Cabin
i. Cabin is the main port of elevator which is intended for the
shipments of goods and service or the passage of persons.
e. Elevator Shaft
i. The space for the cabin moves.
f. Doors
i. For entry and exit.
ii. Automatically opened as it is powered by a door operator.
g. Drive Unit
i. Drive unit is the port which contains a motor that drives the lift.
ii. Everything that works under power must have a motor joined for
the functioning.
h. Buffers
i. The apparatus that located at the bottom of elevator designed
to product the people.
ii. It can stop a descending car by accumulating the kinetic energy
of the car.
i. Safety Device
i. It will maintain a safety and secure travelling, if the lifts travels
downward with a maximum speed or over the speed limit.
 2. How its works?
a. The car is connected to a pulley system through steel or metal cables.
The electric motor will drives the pulley which pulls up or down the car.

5.2 Escalator (Based on figure 4.2)

1. Component and function of escalator.

a. Steps
i. Assure secure feathold and comfortable tread surface.
b. Tracks
i. Built into the truss. Retain steps and running gear under extreme
load requirements and at the highest speed of operation.
c. Controller
i. Include the motor starter. Motor starter limit the starting current
of the motor and protect the motor against overload.
d. Handrails & Handrails Drive Systems
i. Used for balance and safety to the passangers. It is a moving
handhold which moves over the top of the balustrade and
newels.
e. Balustrade
i. Sides of an escalator extending above the steps.
f. Trusses
i. Designed to accommodate the width of the escalator. Maintain
alignment of the tracks and moving parts.
g. Electric Motors
i. Runs the four gears of the top of the escalator which are two
drive gears and two return gears.
2. How its work?
a. Escalator is a continously moving staircase. Each stair has a pair of
wheels on each side, one at the front of the step and one at the rear.
The wheels run on two rails. At the top and bottom of the escalator, the
inner rail dips beneath the outer rail, so that the bottom of the stair
flattens, making it easier for passenger to get on and off.
5.3 Travellator (Based on figure 4.3)

1. Components and functions of travellator.

a. Top & Bottom Landing Platforms
i. The top platform contains the motor assembly and the main
drive gear.
ii. The bottom holds the step return idler sprackets.
iii. Both platforms contain a floor plate and a comb plate for the
passengers to stand before they step onto the moving
walkways.
b. Truss
i. Carries all the straight track sections connecting the upper and
lower sections.
c. Track
i. Guide the pallets chain.
d. Railing
i. Provides a convenient handhold for passengers while they are
using the travellator.
e. Pallets
i. Form a flat moving surface (walkways).
f. Pallets chain
i. Carries pallets and act as a guide chain for the moving pallets.
2. How its work?
a. The travellator usually seen in airports. It moves slowly and has a slow-
moving mechanism that will transport people across over a short to
medium distance. This moving walkways can be used by standing or
walking on them. They are often installed in pairs, one for each
direction. It also can be either a horizontal travellator or an inclined
travellator.
5.4 Accident that occur related to any building transportation and its solution.

Woman injured while on escalator

theSundaily
( 06 MARCH 2017 | 14:29H )

1. Injuries
a. A woman sustained injuries on her calf
b. Victim sitting by the side of an escalator with a cut on her calf.
c. Accident due to a metal piece on the side of the escalator was bent to
the middle.
2. Cause
a. Low maintenance.
b. The shopping mall maintenance department were blamed because
does not doing a good job and this kind of accident also occurred since
2015 and 2016.
3. Solution
a. Due to the accident, the maintenance department team appologies to
the victim and all netizen. They being organized back to strengthen the
team.
b. The victim was taken to a nearby hospital to get a treatment.
c. Make a frequent maintenance on building transportation on the mall so
that this kind of accident would not occur.
4. 5 Tips to prevent an escalator accident. (additional notes)
a. Always hold the handrail.
i. To ensure balancing.
b. Always stand.
i. Sitting down might cause loose clothing to get trapped in
between the steps and cause injury.
c. Don’t Rush
i. If we rushing, we might stumble down and cause injury to others
also.
d. Don’t Play
i. Such as jump or run especially kids can cause it might slides
down downward and crash to others or fall from the handrails.
e. Always Face Forward
i. Too engaged with conversations and did not realise to step off.
6.0 DISCUSSION

7.0 CONCLUSION

8.0 REFFERENCES

 UiTM Laboratory Manual

 UiTM Slide Notes.
 The Sun Daily (News Article)
 Wikipedia