All Chapters
All Chapters
1 Fungsi
Set Q
2
1
6 3
4 6
Set P Set Q Set P
Set Q
3 2
6 2
9 3
3 6 9
Set P
Set P Set Q
Set Q
1 1
2
2 2
1
3 3
1 2 3
Set P Set Q Set P
12 2
9
=f
(b) (i) fgh(x) = fg(2x2 + 1)
1 2
1 9
=f
2x2 + 1 = 2
1
=2
1 2
2x + 1
+3
2 9
2 2 +11 2
2 9
= +3 =
2
2x + 1 20
1. (a) {(–3, 2), (–2, 5), (1, 2)} 9. (a) When f(x) maps onto itself,
(b) {–3, –2, 1} f(x) = x
2x – 3 = x
2. h(2) = 10 x =3
2(2) + m = 10
m =6 (b) f(3 – t) = 5t
2(3 – t) – 3 = 5t
6 – 2t – 3 = 5t
3. (a) {4, 6, 10}
3 = 7t
(b) Many-to-one relation
3
t =
7
4. fg(x) = f(4x – 5)
= 2(4x – 5) + 3 10. gf(x) = 3px + m g(x
= 8x – 7 – 2) = 3px + m
3p(x – 2) + 5 = 3px + m
5. f(a) = 8 3px – 6p + 5 = 3px + m
a – 5a = 8 m = 5 – 6p
–4a = 8
a = –2
(c) gh(x) = 2x + 3
g(1 + 2x) = 2x + 3 Challenge
4 – 3(1 + 2x) = 2x + 3
4 – 3 – 6x = 2x + 3 1. (a) –2
8x = –2 (b) 6
1
x=–
4 2. (a) When f(x) = 0, x = q
–|2q + 1| = 0
–(2q + 1) = 0
MRSM Cloned Questions –2q = 1
1
q = –
1. (a) 3 – x ≠ 0 2
x ≠3
(b) f(3) = –|2(3) + 1|
q =3
= –7
The range of f(x) is –7 f(x) 0.
Quadratic Equations
2 Persamaan Kuadratik
1 2 1 2
1 2 1
=0 3x2 + 14x – 5 = 3 — + 14 — – 5
1 is a root of the quadratic 3 3
Therefore, – — 1 14
= — +—–5
equation. 2 3 3
=0
1
Therefore, — is a root of the quadratic
3
equation 3x2 + 14x – 5 = 0.
4. (a) x2 + 3x – 10 = 0 (b) x2 – 5x + 3 = 0
(x + 5)(x – 2) = 0
–5 –5
1 2 1 2
2 2
x + 5 = 0 or x – 2 = 0 x2 – 5x + = –3 +
x = –5 x =2 2 2
–5 2 25
x – 5x +
1 2 2 = –3 +
2
(b) 4x2 – 19x + 12 = 0
4
(x – 4)(4x – 3) = 0
x – 4 = 0 or 4x – 3 = 0
1x – 2 2
5 2 13
3 =
x=4 x= 4
4 5 =± 13
x–
(c) x – 3x – 18 = 0
2 2 2
(x + 3)(x – 6) = 0 5 ± 13
x + 3 = 0 or x – 6 = 0 x=
2
x = –3 x =6
5 + 13 5 – 13
x = or x=
(d) 12x2 – 17x + 6 = 0 2 2
(4x – 3)(3x – 2) = 0 = 4.303 = 0.6972
4x – 3 = 0 or 3x – 2 = 0
x=
3
x=
2 x = 4.303 or 0.6972
4 3
(e) 42 + 5x – 2x2 = 0
2x2 – 5x – 42 = 0 (c) x2 – 8x – 7 = 0
–8 –8
(x – 6)(2x + 7) = 0
1 2 1 2
2 2
x2 – 8x + =7+
x – 6 = 0 or 2x + 7 = 0 2 2
7
x=6 x=– x – 8x + (–4) = 7 + (–4)
2 2 2
2
(x – 4)2 = 7 + 16
5. (a) x + 8x – 3 = 0
2
= 23
1 2 1 2
8 2 8 2
x2 + 8x + =3+ x – 4 = ± 23
2 2
x = 4 ± 23
x2 + 8x + (4)2 = 3 + (4)2
(x + 4)2 = 3 + 16 x = 4 + 23 or x = 4 – 23
x + 4 = ± 19
= 8.796 = –0.7958
x = –4 ± 19
x = – 4 + 19 or x = – 4 – 19
x = 8.796 or –0.7958
= 0.3589 = –8.359
x = 0.3589 or –8.359
(g) 4x(x – 5) = 3
(e) 3x2 = 5x + 8
3
x(x – 5) =
3x2 – 5x = 8
5 8 34
x2 – x = x2 – 5x =
3 3 4
–5 2 8 –5 2
1 2 1 2
5 –5 2 3 –5 2
x2 – x +
3 6
=
3
+
6
x – 5x +
2
21 2 = +
4 2 1 2
1 2
5 2 8 25
1 2
x– = + 5 2 28
6 3 36 x– =
2 4
121 =7
=
36 5
x– =± 7
5 = ± 11 2
x–6 6
5
x = ± 7
5 ± 11 2
x = 6 5 5
x = + 7 or x = – 7
5 – 11 2 2
5 + 11
x = or x = = 5.146 = –0.1458
6 6
= 2.667 = –1 x = 5.146 or –0.1458
x = 2.667 or –1
(e) x= — or x= 3 x – —px + 2p = 0
2 2
x–—=01 2x – 9px + 4p2 = 0
2
2
2x – 1 = 0 or x–3= 0
(2x – 1)(x – 3) = 0
2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0
8.
Quadratic equation New roots New quadratic equation
Persamaan kuadratik Punca-punca baharu Persamaan kuadratik baharu
2a(2b) = 4ab
= 4(6)
= 24
(b) x2 + 5x + 4 = 0 [3a , 3b] x2 – (3a +3b)x +3a(3b) = 0
x2 – (–15)x + 36 = 0
a + b = –5 3a + 3b = 3(a + b) x2 + 15x + 36 = 0
ab = 4 = 3(–5)
= –15
3a(3b) = 9ab
= 9(4)
= 36
(c) 2x2 – 4x – 3 = 0 [3a , 3b] x2 – (3a +3b)x +3a(3b) = 0
1 2
3 27
x2 – 2x – =0 x2 – 6x + – =0
2 3a + 3b = 3(a + b) 2
= 3(2) 2x2 – 12x – 27 = 0
a+b =2 =6
3
ab = –
2 3a(3b) = 9ab
1 2
3
=9–
2
27
=–
2
12 21
2 24
a b ab
=
2
=
4
1
=
2
(e) 4x2 + 3x – 2 = 0
1a , b2
2 2 2(a + b) 4
x2 – x+ =0
3 1 ab ab
x2 + x– =0
4 2 2 2 2(a + b) x2 – 3x – 8 = 0
+ =
a b ab
3
a+b =–
1 21 2
3 2
4 =2– –
4 1
1
ab = – =3
2
1a 21b 2 ab
2 2 4
=
= 4(–2)
= –8
3 4
2
3 2 , –44
1 (b) 4x2 – (p + 2)x = q ; 4, –
9. (a) 3x2 + px – q = 0 ; 3
p q (p + 2) q
x2 + x– =0 x2 – x– = 0
3 3 4 4
2
1 Let a = 4 and b = – .
Let a = and b = –4. 3
2 p p+2
a+b =
a+b =– 4
3 2 p+2
1 p 4– =
+ (–4) = – 3 4
2 3
7 p 10 p+2
– =–
2 3 3 = 4
21 40
p= p+2 =
2 3
40
q p = –2
ab = – 3
3 34
1 q =
1 2 2(–4) =–
3
3
q=6
q
ab = – (b) 4x2 + (3k – 2)x + 3 = 0
4 (3k – 2) 3
x2 + 4 x+ = 40
1 2
2 q
(4) – =–
3 4 Let a and 3a be the roots.
32 (3k – 2) 3
q = a + 3a = – , a(3a) =
3 4 4
2 – 3k 1
4a = a2 =
4 4
(c) 2x2 + (1 – p)x – 5 = 0 ; [–q, 2] 1
16a = 2 – 3k a=±
2
(1 – p) 5 2 – 16a
x2 + x– =0 k=
2 2 3
Let a = –q and b = 2. 1
(1 – p) When a =
1
, k =
2 – (16)
1 22
a+b=–
2 2 3
p – 1 = –2
–q + 2 = 2 1
–2q + 4 = p – 1 When a = –
1
, k = 2 – (16) – 2 1 2
p = 5 – 2q …… 1 2 3
10
=
5 3
ab = –
2
5
(–q)(2) = – (c) 5x(x – 4) = 4(x + k)
2 5x2 – 20x = 4x + 4k
5 5x2 – 24x – 4k = 0
q=
4 24 4
x2 – x– k =0
5 5 5
Substitute q =
4 into 1.
1
Let a and
a be the roots.
1 2
5
p =5–2 5
4 1 24 1 4
=
5 a+ a = , a a =– k
2 5 5 15 2 5
6 24 1 2 4
a= a =– k
10. (a) 9x2 + kx + 2 = 0 5 5 5 5
1 2
k 2 a =4 k=– a
x2 + x + = 0 4
9 9 1 2
= – (4)
4
Let a and 2a be the roots. =–4
k 2
a + 2a = – , a(2a) =
9 9
k 1
3a = – 2
a =
9 9
1
k = –27a a=±
3
1 2
1 1
When a = , k = (–27)
3 3
= –9
1 2
1 1
When a = – , k = (–27) –
3 3
=9
PAK-21 Activity
b2 – 4ac = 0
(–2p) – 4(3)(p) = 0
2
(e) x2 – 2x + 7 = p(1 – 2x)
4p2 – 12p = 0
4p(p – 3) = 0 x2 – 2x + 7 = p – 2px
x + 2px – 2x + 7 – p = 0
2
9 – 8p + 16 . 0
13. (a) x2 + 3x – 4 + h = 0
25 – 8p . 0
–8p . –25
8p , 25 b2 – 4ac , 0
25 (3) – 4(1)(–4 + h) , 0
2
p, 9 + 16 – 4h , 0
8
– 4h , –25
4h . 25
25
(c) px2 + 3x – 6 = 0 h.
4
b2 – 4ac . 0
(3) – 4(p)(– 6) . 0
2 (b) x2 + 2hx + (2 – h)2 = 0
9 +24p . 0
24p . –9 b2 – 4ac , 0
9 (2h) – 4(1)(2 – h)2 , 0
2
p. –
24 4h2 – 4(4 – 4h + h2) , 0
3 –16 + 16h , 0
p.–
8 16h , 16
h ,1
(d) 5 – 2x = (p – 3)x2
(p – 3)x2 + 2x – 5 = 0 (c) hx(x + 2) = 3 – h – 4x
p.
56 4h2 + 16h + 16 – 4h2 + 12h , 0
20 28h + 16 , 0
p.
14 28h , –16
5 16
h ,–
28
4
h, –
7
q 16 – 48 + 24k , 0
p =±
4 24k , 32
q q 4
p=– , k ,
4 4 3
14. b2 – 4ac , 0
(–4) – 4(k)(–3) , 0
2
16 + 12k , 0
12k , –16
4
k, –
3
(r –2)2 + (r – 4)2 = r2 r2 = –6
– 4r + 4 + r2 – 8r + 16 = r2
r2 – 12r + 20 = 0
(r – 10)(r – 2) = 0 2. Assume that both graph intersect
r = 10 2x – k = x2 – 7x + 12
or r = 2 (rejected) x – 9x + 12 + k = 0...............................
2
Since r = 10 , 20, then two disks are in a row. Aim: to find the range of k so that
Thickness of disk = 0.4 does not intersect x-axis.
Total height of disk = 0.4 25 Thus, consider b2 – 4ac , 0
= 10 , 12 (–9)2 – 4(1)(12 + k) , 0
–4k , 33
Thus, 50 disks can be kept in the box.
33
k .
4
Product of roots = 16 + 8k – 20 . 0
4
8k . 4
3 1
Given roots p and – , k.
4 2
3
sum of roots = p + (– )
4
3 (b) x2 – 4x – 2k + 5 = 0
=p–
4 a + b =4
3
product of roots = (p)(– ) ab = –2k + 5
4
= – 3p 3x2 + hx – 2 = 0
4 h 2
x2 + x – = 0
Equating the sum of roots: 3 3
a b
p+3 =p–3 + =–h
3 3 3
4 4
p + 3 4p – 3
=
4 4
p + 3 = 4p – 3
3p = 6
p =2
Equating the product of roots:
q 3p
=–
4 4
q = –3p
= –3(2)
Quadratic Functions
3 Fungsi Kuadratik
1
(b) b2 – 4ac = (–1)2 – ) a = 1 . 0, the shape of g(x) is a parabola, , with a
4(1)( minimum point and touches the x-axis at one point.
4
=0
Therefore, g(x) = 0 has two equal
roots. x
(d) f(x) = –25x2 + 30x – 9 a = –25 , 0, the shape of f(x) is a parabola, , with a
maximum point and touches the x-axis at one point.
b2 – 4ac = (30)2 – 4(–25)(–9)
=0 x
a=1. 0
Therefore, the minimum value of f(x) is 5
when x = 1.
1 2
(c) g(x) = x + 3x – 1
31
1 2 1 2
9 2 9 2
= x2 + 9x + – –3
3 2 2
1 2 1 2
1 9 2 9 2
= x+ – –3
3 2 2
1 2
1 9 2 31
= x+ –
3 2 4
1
a= . 0
3
Therefore, the minimum value of g(x) is
31 9
– when x = – .
4 2
f(x) –1
f (x) = x2 – 4x – 5
f (x) = – x2 – 2x – 1
x
–1 0 5
–5
(2,–9)
3
Therefore, the minimum value of f(x) = Therefore, x < –4 or x > 2.
3 4
when x = .
4
(c) 7 – 2x > (x + 4)2
When x = 0, f(0) = 3
7 – 2x > x2 + 8x + 16
2
f(x) x + 10x + 9 < 0
(x + 1)(x + 9) < 0
f (x) = 4x2 – 6x + 3
x
–9 –1
8x – x2 – 12 , 0
x2 – 8x + 12 . 0
(x – 2)(x – 6) . 0
x
2 6
Therefore, x , 2 or x . 6.
3. f(x) = –4x2 + 9x + 12
PAK-21 Activity –4x2 + 9x + 12 < 3
(a) s(t) = –5t2 + 60t 4x2 – 9x – 9 > 0 (4x
= –5(t2 – 12t) + 3)(x – 3) > 0
–12 2 –12 2
= –5 t2 – 12t +
2
–
2
1 2 1 2
x
= –5[(t – 6)2 – 36] –
3 3
4
= –5(t – 6)2 + 180
The time for the projectile to reach the
3
maximum height is 6 s. Therefore, x < – or x > 3.
The time for the projectile to hit the ground, 4
6 2 = 12 s
(b) Maximum altitude = 180 m
1 2 –1 2
8 2 8 2
4. (a) f(x) = – x – 8x + –k
2 2
= –[(x – 4)2 – k – 16]
SPM Practice 3 = –(x – 4)2 + k + 16
Paper 1
(b) k + 16 = 10
1 2 k = –6
5 2 9
1. (a) f(x) = x – –
2 4
By comparing f(x) = (x + p)2 + q,
5 9
p= ,q=– 5. 3x2 + 13x < 10
2 4
3x2 + 13x – 10 < 0
The coordinates of the minimum point
(3x – 2)(x + 5) < 0
1 2
5 9
= ,–
2 4
5 –5 2
—
(b) x= 3
2
(c)
2
1 4
x Therefore, –5 < x < .
3
The range is x , 1 or x . 4.
6. (a) Since f(x) = hx2 – 12x + 3k
has a minimum point,
1 2
5 2
2. f(x) = – x + + 2p h. 0
2
By comparing with f(x) = –(x + a)2 + b, Given – 2 , h , 2,
The maximum point = (–a, b) h = {–1, 0, 1},
5 Therefore, h = 1.
(a) k = –a = –
2
(b) 2p = 16 (b) f(x) = x2 – 12x + 3k
p =8 Since f(x) has same root,
b2 – 4ac = 0 (–
(c) f(0) = q 12) – 4(1)(3k) = 0
2
144 – 12k = 0
1 2
5 2
–0+ + 16 = q 12k = 144
2 3
q=9 k = 12
4
The range is 0 , x , 6.
h
–4 1
–4 , h , 1 10. f(x) = 10 + 3x – x2
m = –4 and n = 1 10 + 3x – x2 , 0
x2 – 3x – 10 . 0
(x – 5)(x + 2) . 0
(b) f(x)
x
0 (2,–4)
–8
Simultaneous Equations
4 Persamaan Serentak
1. (a) 2x – y = 2 …… 1 5
Substitute x = into 3,
x + 2y2 = 12 …… 2
2
3
1 32
5
1–2
Rewirte 1 in the equivalent form, 7
y= =–
y = 2x – 2 …… 3 3 9
(b) (x + 3) + (y – 1) + 13 = 30
x + y = 15 PAK-21 Activity
y = 15 – x … 1
(x + 3)2 + (y – 1)2 = 132
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 – 2y + 1 = 169 2(2x + 20) + 2(y + 10) = 88
x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y – 159 = 0 … 2 2x + 20 + y + 10 = 44
2x + y + 30 = 44
Subsitute 1 into 2. 2x + y = 14 …… 1
x2 + (15 – x)2 + 6x – 2(15 – x) – 159 = 0
x + (225 – 30x + x2) + 6x – 30 + 2x – 159 = 0
2 (2x + 20)(y + 10) = 420
2x2 – 22x + 36 = 0 2xy + 20x + 20y + 200 = 420
x2 – 11x + 18 = 0 20x + 20y + 2xy = 220
(x – 2)(x – 9) = 0 10x + 10y + xy = 110 …… 2
x = 2 or 9 Rewrite 1 in the equivalent form,
Substitute x = 2 into 1. y = 14 – 2x …… 3
y = 15 – 2
= 13 Substitute 3 into 2;
Substitute x = 9 into 1. 10x + 10(14 – 2x) + x(14 – 2x) = 110
y = 15 – 9 10x + 140 – 20x + 14x – 2x2 = 110
=6 2x2 – 4x – 30 = 0
Therefore, x = 9, y = 6; x = 2, y = 13 x2 – 2x – 15 = 0
(x + 3)(x – 5) = 0
(c) Let the two numbers be x and y. x = –3 or x = 5
xy = –48 …… 1 Since x . 0, therefore x = 5.
1 1 1 Substitute x = 5 into 3,
+ = …… 2
x y 6 y = 14 – 2(5)
Rewrite 2 in the equivalent form, =4
xy
y+x= …… 3 Therefore, the length = 2x + 20
6 = 2(5) + 20
Substitute 1 into 3, = 30 cm
– 48 and the breadth = y + 10
y+x=
6 = 4 + 10
y + x = –8 = 14 cm
y = –x – 8 …… 4
Substitute 4 into 1,
x(–x – 8) = – 48
–x2 – 8x = – 48
x + 8x – 48 = 0
2
(x + 12)(x – 4) = 0
x = 4 or x = –12
Substitute x = 4 into 4,
y =–4–8
= –12
Substitute x = –12 into 4,
y = –(–12) – 8
=4
The two numbers are 4 and –12.
Substitute x = –2 into 3,
SPM Practice 4 y = 4 – 3(–2)
= 10
3
Paper 2 Substitute x = into 3,
2
1. 2x + y – 1 = 0 ................... 1 y =4–3 2 1 2
3
2x2 – y2 – 3y + 7 = 0 …… 2 1
=–
2
Rewrite 1 in the equivalent form,
Therefore, the solutions are x = –2, y = 10;
y = 1 – 2x …… 3
3 1
x= ,y=– .
Substitute 3 into 2, 2 2
2x2 – (1 – 2x)2 – 3(1 – 2x) + 7 = 0
2x – (1 – 4x + 4x2) – 3 + 6x + 7 = 0
2
Substitute 3 into 2,
5x2 + x(4 – 3x) + (4 – 3x) = 10
5x + 4x – 3x2 + 4 – 3x – 10 = 0
2
2x2 + x – 6 = 0
(x + 2)(2x – 3) = 0
3
x = –2 or
2
2(16) 6. 2x + 9y = 6 …… 1
–19 ± 489 –4xy + x2 = 6 …… 2
=
32
= 0.097 or –1.285 Rewrite 1 in the equivalent form,
6 – 9y
Substitute x = 0.097 into 3, x= …… 3
2
y = 2 + 4(0.097)
= 2.388 Substitute 3 into 2,
Substitute x = –1.285 into 3,
y = 2 + 4(–1.285)
–4 16 – 9y
2
2
y+ 1
6 – 9y 2
2
2=6
–24y + 36y 2
81y – 108y + 36
2
= –3.140
2
+ 1 4
=62
Therefore, the solutions are x = 0.097,
72y – 48y + 81y – 108y + 36 = 24
2 2
y = 2.388; x = –1.285, y = –3.140.
153y2 – 156y + 12 = 0
y = 0.936 or y = 0.0838
5. 3x + 2y – 1 = 0 …… 1 Substitute y = 0.936 into 3,
x2 + y2 – 2xy – 6 = 0 …… 2 6 – 9(0.936)
x= = –1.21
2
Rewirte 1 in the equivalent form,
1 – 3x Substitute y = 0.0838 into 3,
y= …… 3
2 6 – 9(0.0838)
x= = 2.62
Substitute 3 into 2, 2
The solutions are x = –1.21, y = 0.936;
x2 + 1 1 – 23x 2 2
– 2x 1 1 – 3x
2 2
–6=0
x = 2.62, y = 0.838
1 1 – 6x4 + 9x 2 – x + 3x – 6 = 0
2
x2 + 2
7. 8. x – y = 12 …… 1
x2 + y2 = 1 130 …… 2
9 cm
6 cm
Rewrite 1 in the equivalent form,
y = x – 12 …… 3
x cm y cm
Substitute 3 into 2,
2πx + 2πy = 16π x2 + (x – 12)2 = 1 130
2x + 2y = 16 x + x – 24x + 144 = 1 130
2 2
= 1.29
When x = 2.89, y = 8 – 2.89 x = –(–1) ± (–1) – 4(2)(–27)
2
= 5.11 2(2)
1 ± 217
Therefore, x = 6.71, y = 1.29; =
x = 2.89, y = 5.11 4
1 – 217 1 + 217
= or
4 4
= –3.4327 or 3.9327
≈ –3.43 or 3.93
Since x = h and h . 0,
x = 3.93
Substitute x = 3.9327 into 1,
y = 20 –3(3.9327)
= 8.2019
≈ 8.20
Therefore, h = x = 3.93 and k = y = 8.20.
4x + 4y + 4(4) = 60
x + y + 4 = 15
x + y = 11 …… 2
2. 3x + y = 2 .................... 1
2x – 3y = 4xy ................2 Challenge
From 1,
1.
y = 2 – 3x ..................... 3 Hypotenuse
x cm
Substitute 3 into 2.
y cm
2x – 3(2 – 3x) = 4x(2 – 3x)
2x – 6 + 9x = 8x – 12x2 x + y = 46 …… 1
12x2 + 3x – 6 = 0 1
xy = 240 …… 2
x = 0.593 or –x = –0.843 2
Substitute x = 0.593 into 3. Rewrite 1 in the equivalent form,
y = 2 – 3(0.593) y = 46 – x …… 3
= 0.221
Substitute 3 into 2,
Substitute x = –0.843 into 3.
1
y = 2 – 3(–0.843) x(46 – x) = 240
2
= 4.529 46x – x2 = 480
x = 0.593, y = 0.221; x = –0.843, y = 4.529 x2 – 46x + 480 = 0
(x – 30)(x – 16) = 0
x = 16 or 30
Substitute x = 16 into 3,
3. 3x + 2y = 13 .................... 1
y = 46 – 16
3x2 + y2 = 31 ....................... 2
= 30
Rewrite 1 in the equivalent form,
Substitute x = 30 into 3,
13 – 3x ....................... x = 46 – 30
y= 3
2 = 16
Substitute 3 into 2,
Hypotenuse = x2 + y2
13 – 3x 2
3x2 + 1 2 2 = 31 = 162 + 302
12x + 169 – 78x + 9x = 124
2 2 = 34 cm
21x2 – 78x + 45 = 0
5 2. Let the two numbers be x and y and y . x.
x = 3 or x =
7 125
x2 + y2 = …… 1
Substitute x = 3 in 3, 4
13 – 3(3) y = 2x …… 2
y= =2
2 Substitute 1 into 2,
5
Substitute x = in 3, 125
7 x2 + (2x)2 = 4
1 2
5
13 – 3
2 2
7 38 4(x + 4x ) = 125
y= =
2 7 20x2 = 125
25
5 38 x2 = 4
The solutions are x = 3, y = 2; x = ,y=
7 7 x = ±2.5
Since x . 0, substitute x = 2.5 into 3,
122
5
y =2
=5
Therefore, the two numbers are 2.5 and 5.
3. 4.
8 cm
ym
y cm
xm
x cm
Perimeter = 92 2x + 2y + 32 = 80
2x + 2y = 92 …… 1 x + y = 24 ……… 1
xy = 480 …… 2 2(8x) + 2(8y) + xy = 512
Rewrite 2 in the equivalent form, 16x + 16y + xy = 512 ……… 2
480 From equation 1,
x= …… 3 x = 24 – y …… 3
y
Substitute 3 into 1, Substitute equation 3 into equation 2,
16(24 – y) + 16y + y(24 – y) = 512
1 2
480
2 + 2y = 92 384 – 16y + 16y + 24y – y2 = 512
y
y2 – 24y + 128 = 0
480
+ y = 46 (y – 16)(y – 8) = 0
y
y – 16 = 0 or y–8 = 0
480 + y2 = 46y y = 16 y =8
y – 46y + 480 = 0
2
8x2 – 8x – 448 = 0
x2 – x – 56 = 0
(x – 8)(x + 7) = 0
x = 8 or x = –7
Since it is a positive number, therefore, x = 8.
Substitute x = 8 into 3,
y = 2(8) – 2
= 14
Therefore, the two numbers are 8 and 14.
= 1—
32 = ————
(2p – 3)
2 p + 3
23— —–
=1 2 2(p + 5)
= 2p + 3 + 6p – 9 – 2p – 10
(e) (6–3 62)4 = 25p – 16
= (6–1)4
(f) 82n + 1 + 26n
= 6–4 = (23)2n + 1 + 26n
= —1– = 26n + 3 + 26n
64 = 26n(23 + 1)
= —— 1 ––
= 9(26n)
1 296
(f) (33)5 9–8
3. (a) log2 m = 4
= 315 (32)–8
= 315 +(–16)
1 (b) logr m = s
=
3
(c) log x = –1 2
2 1 (1.465)
= 3(0.6309) – —
x = 2–1 2
=1 = 1.1602
2
1
—
(d) log9 x =
2
1
— PAK-21 Activity
x = 92
=3 (a) log3 10 – log3 20 + log3 18
2 = log3 1 10 18 2
(e) log1 000 x = — 20
3 = log3 92
2
—
x = (1 000)3 = log3 3
2
— = 2 log3 3
= (103)3 = 2(1)
= 102 =2
= 100
(b) log2 5 – log2 20
5
5. (a) log10 1 = 0 = log –—
2
20
(b) log10 10 = 1 1
= log —
(c) log 3104 = 1.908 2
4
= log2 2–2
(d) log10 0.153 = –0.8153 = –2
(d) log5 100 + log5 2 – log5 8 (c) log —a + 2 log — b – – log a3b
100 2 x
b x
2a x
1
= log ———–
2 a
— —–b 2
5 8
= log 25
5
= log 552
= log —
x
1
(
b ——4—
3
ab
a2 –
)
= log —–
x
=2 4a4
(c) log — 5 10 7
2 = ————
1 3 7 log 2
log8 + log8 4 10
32
= ———————– = –0.4854
log8 26
1 (d) log 1.285 = log10 1.285
log8 1 4 2
3
w
3 ————–
32 log10 3
= ———————
6 log8 2 = 0.4565
log 2
= ———— 1 log 18.24
6 log 2 = 6
8
(e) log 18.24 = ——10———
8 2 log10 2
= 4.189
=— 0.4—
30—
7—+ –1—+—1—
.20—
9
= logp 81m – logp b 3
0.6826
= log p9 m – log b3p = 3.867
= log 1——2
9 m
p b3
= ———————
5
1 log 3
5 = log 3 + log m
— 3 3
2 5
= 1 + log m
12
—
2(0.6
= ——1——–—826) +—
1.2—
09– 3
— (0.6826) = 1 + 1 log m
2 2 3
= 7.542 = 1 +1 n
2
(c) log 12 = log5 12 (e) log m – log m
———–
25
log5 25 m
9 3
3
log 5 (2 2 3) = logm m – logm 9 – (log3 m – log3 3)
= ——————— log 9
log5 52 = 1 – ——3—– – n + 1
2 log 2 log 3 log3 m
= ——— 5
———— 5
– 2
2 =2– n–n
=— 2(—0.4—
30—7)—+—0.68
—–2— 6
2
= 0.772 12. (a) 3x + 2 = 81
3x + 2 = 34
x + 2 =4
11. (a) logm w243 x =2
log w 243
= ——3 ——– (b) 25x = 41 + 2x
log3 m
5
25x = 22(1 + 2x)
—
log 3 2 5x = 2 + 4x
= ——3—— x =2
log3 m
5 log 3
2 3
(c) 2 = 128
= ————
n 4x
=— 5 4x = 1
2n 64
4x = 4–3
(b) log 3m9
2
x = –3
log 3m2
= ——3 ——
log3 9 (d) 3x 2x
27= 9
log 3 + log m2
= ——3 ––——— 3
— 3x = 32(2x)
log3 3 2 33
1 + 2 log3 m x–3
3 = 34x
= ——––—— —
2 log3 3 x – 3 = 4x
3x = –3
= –1—+—2–n–
2 x = –1
=1+n
2
3
–— 14. (a) log (3n – 2) = log 4
4 4
(e) x 2= 8 3n – 2 = 4
1
—
(x 2 )–3 = 23 3n = 6
1
— n =2
x 2 = 2–1
x = 1 (b) log6 (u – 1)2 = log 6 (3 12)
22 (u – 1)2 = 36
=1 u – 1 = ± 36
4
u–1 = 6
u =7
13. (a) 3x = 0.4 or
log10 3x = log 10 0.4 u – 1 = – 6 (Not accepted because
x log10 3 = log10 0.4 log of a negative
log 0.4 number is undefined.)
x = ———– 10
log 3
10
log10 3 + log 10 (m – 1) = –1
2
= –0.8340 (c)
log10 9(m – 1) = log10 10–1
9(m – 1) = — 1
(b) 31 – 2x = 8 10–
(1 – 2x) log10 3 = log10 8 m = —1– + 1
log10 3 – log10 8 = 2x log10 3 90
log 3 – log 8 = 1—1–
x = ——–—————10 10
90
2 log10 3
= –0.4464 (d) log 22 + log (4x – 1) = log 5 + log (x + 8)
5 5 5 5
2x
(c) 8.6 = 14.26 log5 [4(4x – 1)] = log5 [5(x + 8)]
2x log10 8.6 = log10 14.26 16x – 4 = 5x + 40
log 14.26 11x = 44
x = ——10——— x =4
2 log10 8.6
= 0.618 (e) logp32 = 3 – log 242
logp 32 = 3 – 4
(d) 32 – x = 2x
(2 – x) log10 3 = x log10 2 logp 32 = –1
2 log10 3 – x log10 3 = x log10 2 9 = p–1
p =— 1
x(log10 2 + log10 3) = 2 log10 3 9
2 log10 3
x=
log10 2 + log10 3
= 1.226
(e) 3x + 1(4x – 2) = 48
(x + 1) log10 3 + (x – 2) log10 4 = log10 48
x(log10 3 + log10 4)
= log10 48 – log10 3 + 2 log10 4
log1048 – log103 + 2 log104
x=
log10 3 + log10 4
= 2.232
2
loga 324 – log
SPM Practice 5 6. a=6
a
loga 2
a= 6
Paper 1 log 324 –
a
loga a
logx 4 3 logx x
3 1 = +
(b) 3 logq x = logxq loga p = log a logx 7 logx 7
p
log 22 3(1)
3 = x +
=– logx 7
2 logx 7
2 logx 2 + 3
=
logx 7 logx
7
4. log2 3 + log2 (x – 2) = 1 =
2p + 3
log2 3(x – 2) = log2 2 loga p + loga q q
= loga pq
3(x – 2) = 2
2
x= +2 9. 23x + y = 5 + 8x
3
2 2 · 2y = 5 + 23x
3x
= 2
3
mn = 5 + m
mn – m = 5
5. 8(23x + 4) = 1
m(n – 1) = 5
1 5
23x + 4 = m=
8 n–1
= 2–3
3x + 4 = –3
3x = –7
7
x=–
3
10. 2n = 3m Paper 2
n log10 2 = m log10 3
n log10 3 …… 1 81p + q 34(p + q)
= 1. (a) =
m log10 2 9p 32p
3m = 6p 3 4p + 4q
=
log10 3 = log10 (2 3)p
m
32p
m log10 3 = p log10 2 + p log10 3 (3p)4 p (3 q 4
)
= (3 )2
(m – p) log10 3 = p log10 2
log 3 p a4b4
=
10 = …… 2 a2
log10 2 m– p
= a2b4
1 = 2,
n p
=
m m– p 3
(b) log 9a = log 9a3 – log b
mp = mn – np 9 b 9 9
p =
mn = log9 3 – log9 3
m+ n log10 3 log103
= (2 + 3p) – (q)
log10 9 log10 9
log 50 = (2 + 3p)
1
2
–q
1
2
1 2 1 2
11. log 50 = 3
9
log3 9 3 q
log (2 5 5) =1+ 2p – 2
= 3
log3 3 2
log3 2 + log3 5 + log3 5
= 2. (a) log (x + 2) – 2 log x2 + 3 log x
3 9 3
2 log3 3 2 log3 x2
p + 2q = log (x + 2) – + 3 log x
= 3
log3 9 3
2
1 2 (2 log 3 x)
= p+q = log (x + 2) – + 3 log x
2 3
log3 3 2 3
2 (2 log3 x)
= log (x + 2) – + 3 log x
3 3
2 log3 3
12. 42(p + 3) = 40
43(h – 2) = log3 (x + 2) – 2 log3 x + 3 log3 x
4 2(p + 3) – 3(h – 2)
= 40 = log3 (x + 2) + log3 x
2(p + 3) – 3(h – 2) = 0 = log3 x(x + 2)
2p + 6 – 3h + 6 = 0
2p + 12 = 3h (b) log3 (x + 2) – 2 log3 x2 + 3 log 3 x = 1
2
h= p+4 log3 x(x + 2) = log3 3
3
x2 + 2x = 3
q2 = log q –2 log p x + 2x – 3 = 0
2
1
3. (a) log3 r – log9 r = 1
2 MRSM Cloned Questions
log3 r 3
log3 r – = 512
log3 9 2 1. 22x – 1 =
1 3 4x – 2
log3 r – log3 r = –1 29
2 2 22x = 2(x – 2)
1
1 3 2 2
log r =
22x –1
= 29
2 3 2
log3 r = 3 2x – 2
r = 33 22x – 1 = 29 – (x – 2)
= 27 22x – 1 = 211 – x
2x – 1 = 11 – x
(b) 22x 44y = 1 3x = 12
22x 28y = 20 x=4
2x + 8y = 0
x + 4y = 0 …… 1
125x 25y = 0.04 2. v = 3x log v=x
w = 9y log
3
53x 52y = 5–2 9
w=y
3x + 2y = –2 …… 2 27v
log9 = log9 27 + log9 v – log9 √w
2 2, 6x + 4y = –4 …… 3 √w
3 – 1, 5x = –4 3 log3 v 1
= log9 9 2 + – log9 w 2
x = – 54 log3 9
log v 1
3
From 1,
1 42
4y = – – =log9 9 +
3
– log9 w
2 2 log3 3 2
5
y= 1 =3 +x –1y
5 2 2 2
= 3 + x – y
2
1
4. 2x = 3 – 21 2 1
3. 256 1 64 2 = 167x – 15
2x x
2x x
2 = 3 ·2 2
22x – 3 · 2x + 2 = 0 44(4–3x) = 42(7x – 15)
44 – 3x = 414x – 30
Let y = 2x, 4 – 3x = 14x – 30
y2 – 3y + 2 = 0 17x = 34
(y – 1)(y – 2) = 0 x=2
y=1 or y= 2
2x = 1 2x = 2
log10 2x = log 10 1 x=1
x log10 2 = log10 1
Challenge
x=0
1. 32x(3) = 18 + 32x
Therefore, x = 0, 1
3 (3) – 32x = 18
2x
32x(3 – 1) = 18
18
32x =
2
32x = 32
x =1
2. 2k – 1 + 2k + 1 – 2k 4. T = 80(0.89)x
When T = 37,
= 2 + 2(2k) – 2k
k
2 80(0.89)x = 37
= 21k 1 + 2 – 12 0.89x =
37
2
80
= 2k 1 3 2
37
log10 0.89x = log10 1
80 2
2
= 3(2k – 1)
Since the expression has a factor of 3, the x log 0.89 = log 1 2
37
expression is divisible by 3 for all positive
10 10 80
37
integers of k. log10 180 2
x=
log10 0.89
37
3. (a) (i) log5 4.2 = log5
5 = 6.617
= log5 (3 7) – log5 5
= log5 3 + log5 7 – log5 5
= 0.892 5. (a) When k = 0, T = p
p = 120 + 62(3)0
log575 = 182
(ii) log3 75 =
log5 3
– k
log3 (3 5 5) (b) 124 = 120 + 62(3) 2
=
log5 3 4 – k
= 3 2
62
log5 3 + 2 log5 5
= 4 – k
log5 3 log10 = log10 3 2
= 3.928 62
= 1– 2 log 3
4 k
log
(b) 70 0001 2
7 t 10 62 2 104
= 20 000 log
2
8
1 82 7t
=
2 k = –2 1 10 62
log10 3
7
7 2 =5
t log10 = log10
8 7
2
log
10 7
t = 7
log
10 8
= 9.38
t = 10 years
Coordinate Geometry
6 Geometri Koordinat
2 + 8 3 + (–1)
1. (a) Distance of PQ = (6 – 1)2 + [2 – (–7)]2 3. (a) Midpoint of CD = –—–– , ––——–
2 2 1 2
= 25 + 81
= (5, 1)
= 10.30 units
–2 + 3 4 + (–12)
(b) Distance of AB = [5 – (–7)]2 + (8 – 3)2 2 1
(b) Midpoint of PQ = —–—– , ––—––—–
2 2
= 144 + 25
= 13 units
1
= ––, –4
2 1 2
3 + (–7) –2 + 5
(c) Distance of EF = (–9 – 4)2 + [3 – (–10)]2 (c)
1
Midpoint of EF = –––––––– , –––—–
2 2 2
= 169 + 169
= 18.38 units 13
= –2, ––
2 2
2. (a) (k – 1)2 + (–2 – 10)2 = 13
k2 – 2k + 1 + 144 = 169 h + (–1) k+8
k2 – 2k – 24 = 0
4. (a)
1––—2—– , –—2––2 = (1, 4)
(k – 6)(k + 4) = 0 h–1 k+8
–—–– = 1 – —— = 4
k–6 = 0 or k+4=0 2 2
k =6 k = –4 h =3 k= 0
(b) 2y = 6x + 3 (b) 3x + 4y – 8 = 0 ……
y = 3x + — 3 4x – 3y + 12 = 0 ……
2 From equation , 4y = –3x + 8
m1 = 3
m1 = m 2 = 3 y = – –3–x+ 2
4
The equation of the straight line is m = – –3–
y – (7) = 3[x – (3)]
1 4
From equation , 3y = 4x + 12
y = 3x – 9 – 7
y = 3x – 16 y = –4–x+ 4
3
m = –4 –
(c) 3y = –2x + 8 2 3
y = – –2–x + –8–
3 3 1
m1m2 = – –3– –4–
4 3 21 2
m = – –2– = –1
1 32
m1 = m2 = – – – Therefore, the two straight lines are
3 perpendicular.
The equation of the straight line is
(c) x – 4y + 7 = 0 ……
y – (–1) = – –2–(x – 6)
3 4x – y – 10 = 0 ……
2
y = – —x + 3 From equation , 4y = x + 7
3 y = –1–x + –7–
4 4
24. (a) 2x + y – 7 = 0 ………… m = –1 –
x – 2y – 8 = 0 ………… 1 4
From equation , y = 4x – 10
From equation , y = –2x + 7 m2 = 4
From equation
m1 = –2
, 2y = x – 8 1 2 4
12
m m = –1– (4)
y = –1–x – 4 =1
2 Therefore, the two straight lines are not
m =— 1
perpendicular.
2 2
1
m1m2 = (–2) —
21 2 25. (a) 2x – 4y + 12 = 0 ……
= –1 hx + 3y – 4 = 0 ……
Therefore, the two straight lines are From equation , 4y = 2x + 12
perpendicular.
y = –1–x+ 3
2
m = –1–
2 1
1 m = – –3–
m =—
2h
2 2
Since the two straight lines are Therefore, the equation of the straight
perpendicular, line is
y – 1 = – –3–(x – 4)
m1m2 = –1 2
3
1 2
1
(4) — = –1
h
= – —x + 6
2
3
h = –4 y = – —x + 7
2
(c) (h – 1)x – y + 8 = 0 ……
x + 2y – 5 = 0 …… (b) 4y = –x + 8
From equation , y = (h – 1)x + 8 y = – –1–x+ 2
4
m1 = h – 1
m = – –1–
From equation , 2y = –x + 5 1 4
y = – –1–x + —
5
1 m1m2 = –1
2 2 1 2
m = – –1– – –– m2 = –1
2
4
2 m2 = 4
Since the two straight lines are Therefore, the equation of the straight
perpendicular, line is
m1m2 = –1 y – (–2) = 4(x – 4) y
+ 2 = 4x – 16 y =
1h – 121– —12 2 = –1 4x – 18
h – 1 =2
(c) 2y = 6x + 9
h= 3 9
y = 3x + —
2
m1 = 3
m1m2 = –1
3m2 = –1
m = – –1–
2 3
Therefore, the equation of the straight
line is
y – 4 = – –1–[x – (–6)]
3
1
= – —x – 2
3
1
y = – —x + 2
3
28. (a) AP = 5
(x – 3) + [y – (–4)]2 = 5
2
(x – 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 52
x – 6x + 9 + y2 + 8y + 16 = 25
2
x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y = 0
(b) AP = 4
[x – (–5)]2 + (y – 6)2 = 42
x2 + 10x + 25 + y2 – 12y + 36 = 16
x2 + y2 + 10x – 12y + 45 = 0
(c) AP = 8
(x – 2)2 + [y – (–7)]2 = 82
x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 + 14y + 49 = 64
x2 + y2 – 4x + 14y – 11 = 0
(b) (i) PA = AB
(x – 3) + (y – 2) = (0 – 3)2 + (–2 – 2)2
2 2
x – 6x + 9 + y2 – 4y + 4 = 25
2
x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y – 12 = 0
The equation of the locus of point P is x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y – 12 = 0.
(ii) x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y – 12 = 0 ………………a
Substitute x = 0, y = p into equation .
p2 – 4p – 12 = 0
(p – 6)(p + 2) = 0
p = 6 or –2
PAK-21 Activity
(i) 2AP = PB
4{[x – (–4)]2 + (y – 1)2} = (x – 4)2 + (y – 6)2
4(x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 – 2y + 1) = x2 – 8x + 16 + y2 – 12y + 36
4x2 + 4y2 + 32x – 8y + 68 = x2 + y2 – 8x – 12y + 52
3x2 + 3y2 + 40x + 4y + 16 = 0
3. P(x,y)
SPM Practice 6 8
T(0,–4)
6. F(3, 8) Paper 2
2
1. (a) (i) 7y + 3x + 23 = 0
1 A(x, y)
3 23
y=– x–
E(–9, 2) 73 7
A(x, y) = 2(–9) + 1(3) 2(2) + 1(8) m =–
1 2
,
2+1 2+1 BC
7
= (–5, 4)
1 2
mCD · – 3 = –1
7
Distance AE = (–5 + 9)2 + (4 – 2)2 7
mCD =
= 20 3
= 45 y = mCDx + 5
= 2 5 units 7
y= x+5
3
7
The equation of CD is y = x + 5.
7. 3y = 4x + p – 3 3
3 23
When x = 0, y = 2q (ii) y = – x – ……
3(2q) = 4(0) + p – 3 7 7
7
6q = p – 3 y = x + 5…………
p = 6q + 3 3
= ,
3 23 7
– x– = x+5
8. B(15, 8)
7 7 3
3 Multiply both sides by 21.
N(x, y)
–9x – 69 = 49x + 105
4 –58x = 174
x = –3
A(–2, 3)
Substitute x = –3 into .
7
y = (–3) + 5
x = 4(15) + 3(–2) 3
4+3
= –2
= 54 The coordinates of C = (–3, –2).
7
5
=7 (b) Substitute x = 4 into ,
7
3 23
y = (4) –
y = 4(8) + 3(3) 7 7
4+3 = –5
= 41 The coordinates of B is (4, –5).
7 B(4, –5), P(x, y) and PB = 6.
6
=5 (x – 4)2 +[y – (–5)]2 = 6
7
x – 8x + 16 + y2 + 10y + 25 = 36
2
5 6 x2 + y2 – 8x + 10y + 5 = 0
N = 1 5,5
7 7 2 The equation of the locus of P is
x2 + y2 – 8x + 10y + 5 = 0
2. (a) 2y – x + 10 = 0 (b) y = – 4x + 14 ……
1
y= x–5 4x + 7y = 2 ……………
2
1 For equation ,
mRS = mPQ = 4x + y = 14……………
2
y = mRS x + c – ,
1
12 = (4) + c 6y = –12
2 y = –2
c = 10 Substitute y = –2 into equation .4x
1
The equation of RS is y = x + 10. + 7(–2) = 2
2 4x = 16
1 x =4
(b) 1 22 m
QR
= –1 Coordinates of A are (4, –2).
mQR = –2
(c) Let E(h, k).
y = mQR x + c
B(2, 6)
–6 = –2(–2) + c E(h, k)
c = –10 1
1 4x 4++1(8) 2
10 + 3k = 28 4y + 1(16)
Q(–4, 8) = ,
3k = 18 1 4+1
k=6
The coordinates of P = (–2, 6). By comparing the x-coordinate,
4x + 8 = – 4
(ii) P(–2, 6) and Q(2, –3) 5
4x + 8 = –20
mPQ = –3 – 6 4x = –28
2 – (–2) x = –7
=–9 By comparing the y-coordinate,
4
9 4y + 16
Using Q(2, –3), m = – =8
4 5
y – y1 = m(x – x1) 4y + 16 = 40
9 4y = 24
y – (–3) = – (x – 2) y =6
4
4: 4y + 12 = –9x + 18 R(–7, 6)
9x + 4y – 6 = 0
(b) Let W(x, y)
Equation of straight line PQ is
WQ = 1.5
9x + 4y – 6 = 0. 3
(x + 4)2 + (y – 8)2 =
2
(iii) Area of ∆PQR 9
x2 + 8x + 16 + y2 – 16y + 64 =
= 1 –2 2 6 –2
9
4
2 6 –3 10 6 x2 + y2 + 8x – 16y + 80 =
1 4
= [(6 + 20 + 36) – (12 – 18 – 20)]
2 4x2 + 4y2 + 32x – 64y + 320 = 9
1
= (88) 4x2 + 4y2 + 32x – 64y + 311 = 0
2 The equation of the spray ring:
= 44 unit2 4x2 + 4y2 + 32x – 64y + 311 = 0
(b) XR = 2XQ
(x – 6)2 –(y – 10)2 = 2 (x – 2)2 +[y – (–3)]2
(x – 6)2 + (y – 10)2 = 4[(x – 2)2 + (y + 3)2]
x 2 – 12x + 36 + y2 – 20y + 100 = 4(x 2 – 4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9)
x2 – 12x + y2 – 20y + 136 = 4x2 – 16x + 4y2 + 24y + 52
3x 2 + 3y 2 – 4x + 44y – 84 = 0
The equation of the locus of X is
3x 2 + 3y 2 – 4x + 44y – 84 = 0
a =b –6 + 2
3x + 6 = –2x + 1 = p+6
0+3 –12 – 0
5x = –5 4 p+6
x = –1 – =–
3 12
Substitute x = –1 into a p = 10
y = 3(–1) + 6 = 3
The coordinates of the roundabout (b) (i) mBM mAC
= (–1, 3)
= 1 65 +2
+ 32 1– 32 ≠ –1
4
5
(ii) y = –2x + 1 and when x = ,
2 BM is not the shortest distance
from B to AC.
y = –21 2+1
5
2
= –4 (ii) Area of the lake ABCD
= 1 0 5 –12 –8 0
The road which passes through the 2 –6 6 10 –4 –6
zebra crossing E is y = –2x + 1 1
= [(50 + 48 + 48) – (–30 – 72 – 80)]
2
= 164 m2
OP = (x – 6)2 + (y – 0)2
1. (a)
16 = x2 – 12x + 36 + y2
Challenge
x + y – 12x + 20 = 0
2 2
1. (a) Area of ∆POQ
= 1 0 –6 1
The equation of the locus P is 0
x2 + y2 – 12x + 20 = 0 2 0 3 –4 0
1
= [(0 + 24 + 0) – (0 + 3 + 0)]
(b) When y = 0 2
x2 + 02 –12x + 20 = 0 = 10.5 unit2
x2 – 12x + 20 = 0
(x – 2)(x – 10) = 0
x = 2 or x = 10
The coordinates are (2, 0) and (10, 0)
3x 2 + 3y 2 – 20x + 38y + 23 = 0 c = –2 3
The equation of RS is
Hence, the equation of the locus of X is
3x 2 + 3y 2 – 20x + 38y + 23 = 0. y = – 3 x – 2 3.
(b) y
5k – 12k + 36 + 5k + 4k + 4 = 82
2 2
TA = 4
10k2 – 8k – 24 = 0
(x – 2)2 + (y – 0)2 = 42
5k2 – 4k – 12 = 0
x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 = 16
(k – 2)(5k + 6) = 0
k – 2 = 0 or 5k + 6 = 0 x + y2 – 4x – 12 = 0
2
6
k =2 k=– The equation of the locus of T is
5 [Not x2 + y2 – 4x – 12 = 0 with constant
accepted]
distance 4 units from A(2, 0).
Statistics
7 Statistik
1. (a) –10, –4, –2, 0, 0, 1, 1 2. (a) (i) Modal class = (55 – 59) km
Mean = –––1–0–+––(––4–)––+–(–––2–)–+–—
0—+ 0—+—
1—+ 1– (ii)
7
= –2
12
Median = 0
10
Mode = 0 and 1
Frequency
8
10 + 11 + 11 + 12 +
4
Mean = –1–2––+––1–2––+–1–3––+––1–5—–
8
2
= 12
12 + 12 0 5 7.5
Median = = 12
39.5
44.5
49.5
54.5
59.5
64.5
69.5
2
Mode = 12 Distance (km)
Mode = 4.7 40
30
20
10
0 74.5
49.5
59.5
69.5
79.5
89.5
99.5
Marks
2
5–0–0
– – 145
Therefore, median = 164.5 + 2
––––––—– 5
210
= 167 cm
2
1–2–0– – 50
Therefore, median = 79.5 + 2
––––––—– 10
24
= 83.67 g
Cumulative frequency
50
16.7 – 17.1 17.15 0 0
40
17.2 – 17.6 17.65 2 2
30
17.7 – 18.1 18.15 8 10
20
18.2 – 18.6 18.65 14 24 10
18.7 – 19.1 19.15 18 42 0
17.15 17.65 18.15 18.65 19.15 19.65 20.15
19.2 – 19.6 19.65 6 48 Length (cm)
Cumulative frequency
30
20 – 29 29.5 0 0
25
30 – 39 39.5 3 3
20
40 – 49 49.5 5 8
15
50 – 59 59.5 9 17
10
60 – 69 69.5 10 27 5
70 – 79 79.5 4 31 0
29.5 39.5 49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 89.5
80 – 89 89.5 1 32 Time (minutes)
450 + 400 + 380 + 360 + 420 + 470 + 390 + 460 + 480 + 490
(b) (i) Mean = ——————————————————————————— = 430
10
360, 380, 390, 400, 420, 450, 460, 470, 480, 490
420 + 450
Median = ————— = 435
2
Mean and median are both suitable.
(ii) The median is the most suitable measure of central tendency as there is an extreme value,
RM150, which exists in the data.
Q1 Q3
(i) Range = 8.9 – 2.4
= 6.5
(ii) Interquartile range
= 7.8 – 3.6
= 4.2
(b) Score 10 12 14 16 18
Frequency 2 10 6 2 8
Cumulative
2 12 18 20 28
frequency
Q1 Q3
(i) Range = 18 – 10
=8
Q3 = 3 282 th value
4
= 21th value
= 18
Interquartile range = Q3 – Q1
= 18 – 12
=6
—1 (80) – 9 3 (80) – 56
—
4
Q = 69.5 + ————— 10 4
Q = 99.5 + —————– 10
1
13 3
18
= 77.96 hours = 101.72 hours
Interquartile range = 101.72 – 77.96
= 23.76 hours
(ii) Mass (g) 7.80 – 7.82 7.83 – 7.85 7.86 – 7.88 7.89 – 8.01 8.02 – 8.04 8.05 – 8.07
Frequency 3 6 69 92 6 4
Cumulative
3 9 78 170 176 180
frequency
Q1 Q3
1 (180) – 9
— 3 (180) – 78
—
4
Q = 7.855 + —————– 0.03 4
Q = 7.885 + —————— 0.03
1
69 3
92
= 7.871 g = 7.904 g
Interquartile range = 7.904 – 7.871
= 0.033 g
60
71 – 80 80.5 6 6
50
81 – 90 90.5 12 18
91 – 100 100.5 21 39 40
(b)
Time Upper Cumulative
Frequency
(minutes) boundary frequency
25 – 34 34.5 0 0
35 – 44 44.5 20 20
45 – 54 54.5 240 260
55 – 64 64.5 212 472
65 – 74 74.5 96 568
75 – 84 84.5 24 592
85 – 94 94.5 8 600
600
500
Cumulative frequency
400
300
200
100
0
34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5
Time (minutes)
= 228.56 Σf
= –1–2–6– – (1.435)2
(iii) = 228.56 46
= 15.12 = 0.6799
(iii) = 0.6799
= 0.8246 mobile phone
11. (a)
(i) 2 = –2–9–7–9—50– – 2––9–8—
0 2
2 f
Number of durians Class mark, 30 x Frequency,
30 fx fx2
80 – 84 = 82
64.56 4 328 26 896
85 – 89 (ii) = 87
64.56 1 87 7 569
90 – 94 = 92
8.035 durians 0 0 0
95 – 99 97 5 485 47 045
100 – 104 102 12 1 224 124 848
105 – 109 107 8 856 91 592
∑f = 30 ∑fx = 2 980 ∑fx = 297 950
2
(ii) = 199.5
= 14.12 marks
500
(b) x– = 16 3. (a) Variance =
A
8 10
=2 = 50
40
– 22 ∑x2
s = (b) s2 = – (x)2
A
8 n
=1
50 = 860 – (x)2
10
(x)2 = 86 – 50
–
xB = 16
8 = 36
=2 x =6
46
s = – 22 ∑x
B
8 4. (a) x=
= 1.323 n
∑x
90 =
Set A is to be preferred as the standard 8
deviation of set A is smaller than set B. ∑x = 720 g
∑x2
(b) s = – x2
SPM Practice 7 n
∑x2
5 = – 902
8
Paper 1 ∑x2
25 = – 8 100
1. (a) Mean = 6 n
[6 + 9 + (x2 + 1) + 3 + 2] = 6 8 125(8) = ∑x2
5 ∑x2 = 65 000 g2
21 + x2 = 30
x2 = 9
x = ±3 5. Bijak Team; as its score is the highest and the
Since x . 0, x = 3 standard deviation is the smallest.
(b) 2, 3, 6, 9, 10
Median = 6 6. (a) p = 10
(b) 5 + p = 10 + 8 + 9
2. (a) 5 + 6 + 8 + 7 + 4 = 30 workers 5 + p = 27
p = 22
[(5 5.5) + (6 7.5) + (8 9.5) 5 + p + 10 = 8 + 9
(b) + (7 11.5) + (4 13.5)] 15 + p = 17
30 p =2
= 283
30 2 < p < 22
= 9.433 km
2
∑xA 2 = 96 + 6µ2 …… 1 (40) – 25
4 20
Q3 = 59.5 +
8
For set B, nB = 4 and sB = 5. = 72
sB 2 = 52 David will receive the reward
∑xB2 2 2
–µ =5
nB
∑xB2 Paper 2
– µ2 = 25 3 + x + 5 + (3x + 4)
4
∑xB2 1. (a) (i)
+ 11 + 13
=8
= 25 + µ2 6
4
4x + 36 = 8
∑xB 2 = 100 + 4µ2 …… 2 6
x=3
The variance of the combined set A and
set B (ii) 3, 3, 5, 11, 13, 13
∑x 2 + ∑x 2 32 + 32 + 52 + 112
= A B
– µ2 + 132 + 132
nA + nB s2 = – 82
96 + 6µ2 + 100 + 4µ2 6
= – µ2
6+4 = 19.67
196 + 10µ2
= – µ2
10 (b) (i) Mean = 2(8) + 3 = 19
= 19.6 + µ2 – µ2
= 19.6 (ii) Standard deviation = 2 19.67 = 8.87
20 + 100 = 120 = 17
3
Mean of the number of stationery (32) – 21
owned by the class,
∑x
Q3 = 29.5 +
4
8
(10) 2
Mean = = 33.25
n
= 120
The interquartile range
30
= 33.25 – 17
=4
= 16.25
Sum of squares of the stationery
owned by the class,
170 + 580 = 750 MRSM Cloned Questions
∑x2
Standard deviation = 2
n –x 1. (a) Mean = 88
8
=
30
2
750 – (4)2 = 11
=3 1 040
(b) Standard deviation = – 112
8
=√9
=3
(27 2) + (32 4) + (37 m) +
3. (a) 40.5 = (42 10) + (47 5) + (52 3)
2 + 4 + m + 10 + 5 + 3 2. (a)
40.5 = 993 + 37m Mass Midpoint,
f fx fx2
24 + m (kg) x
40.5(24 + m) = 993 + 37m 41 – 45 43 2 86 3 698
972 + 40.5m = 993 + 37m 46 – 50 48 6 288 13 824
3.5m = 21
m =6 51 – 55 53 15 795 42 135
56 – 60 58 12 696 40 368
1
(30) – 12 61 – 65 63 5 315 19 845
(b) Median = 39.5 +
2
10
2
5
∑f = 40
∑fx ∑fx2
= 2 180 = 119 870
= 39.5 + 1.5
= 41 years 40 – 8
Median = 50.5 + 2
15
(5) 2
= 54.5 kg
(b) E
2(88)
(e) r = 10 cm
120
180 0.6 rad.
M O
= 9.167 cm
G
In ∆OEM,
10. (a) q = 2(43.2) EM–
62 sin 0.6 rad. = —
= 2.4 rad. 10
EM = 5.646 cm
(b) q = 2(48.5) cos 0.6 rad. = —OM–
62 10
= 2.694 rad. OM = 8.253 cm
Area of ∆OEG = — 1 (EG)(OM)
(c) q = 2(256) 2
102 1 (2 5.646)(8.253)
=—
= 5.12 rad. 2
= 46.60 cm2
11. (a) Area of sector OEFG = — 1 (10)2(1.2)
O 2
9 cm 30° = 60 cm2
Area of segment EFG = 60 – 46.60
A C
M = 13.40 cm2
In ∆OAM,
AM– (c)
sin 30° = — A
9
AM = 4.5 cm 3 9 cm
rad.
OM–
cos 30° = —
8
O M
9
OM = 7.794 cm
Area of ∆OAC = — 1 (AC)(OM) C
2
=—1 (2 4.5)(7.794) In ∆OAM,
3π AM
2 sin rad. =
= 35.07 cm2 8 9
Area of sector OABC = — 1 (9)2(60 ) AM = 8.315 cm
3π OM
2 180 cos rad. =
= 42.41 cm2 8 9
OM = 3.444 cm
Area of segment ABC = 42.41 – 35.07 1 (2 8.315)(3.444)
Area of ∆OAC = —
= 7.34 cm2 2
= 28.637 cm2
Area of sector OABC = — 1 (9)2( 3 )
2 4
= 95.426 cm2
Area of segment ABC = 95.426 – 28.637
= 66.79 cm2
O
3 cm N
D Paper 1
Area of ∆OCD 1. Area of segment DEB
=— 1 (6)(5.196) = Area of sector ABD – Area of ∆ABD
π
= 11 9 2 – 1 AB AD2
2 2 1
2
= 15.59 cm 2 2 2
Area of shaded region 1
= 63.6255 –1 9 9
= 75.38 – 37.69 – 15.59 2 2
= 22.10 cm2 = 23.1255 m 2
3. (a) OG = 9 cm (b) P
2
EG = (9)
3
= 6 cm 10 cm
M
1 60°
(b) Area of sector OGH = (92)q
2 O
= 81 q
2 Q
1
Area of sector EFG = (62)q In ∆OPM,
2
PM
= 18q sin 60° =
10
Area of shaded region = 29.25 cm2 PM = 8.660 cm
81 OM
q – 18q = 29.25 cos 60° =
2 45 10
q = 29.25 OM = 5 cm
2
q = 1.3 rad. 1
Area of ∆OPM = (2 8.660)(5)
2
4. (a) s = rq = 43.3 cm2
10.2 = 6q 1
(10)2(2.095)
q = 10.2
6
Area of sector OPQ =
2
= 1.7 rad = 104.75 cm2
Area of shaded region
= 104.75 – 43.3
(b) Area of sector OAB
= 61.45 cm2
= 1 r2(π – 1.7)
2
= 1 62(3.142 – 1.7) 6. r(6α) + r + r = 36
2 r(6α + + 1) = 36
= 25.96 cm2 r = 36 (6α +
+ 1)
5. P
O
Area of ∆ROQ
MRSM Cloned Questions
= 1 OR QT
2
= 1 8 8 2 – 42 1. B
2 C
= 27.7128 1.05 rad.
O
Area of segment OUQ 5 cm
= Area of sector ROQ – Area of ∆ROQ N
D
= 33.504 – 27.7128
= 5.7912 cm2 A
Differentiation
9 Pembezaan
4.—
— 05— –—3 = 10.5
(1.1, 4.05)
1.1 – 1
3.5—
— 12—
5—–— 3 = 10.25
(1.05, 3.5125)
1.05 – 1
3.1—
— 00—
5—–— 3 = 10.05
(1.01, 3.1005)
1.01 – 1
3.—
— 01—00—
05—–—3 = 10.005
(1.001, 3.010005)
1.001 – 1
= 9u2
= 9(3x – 5)2
8. (a) Let u = 3x, v = 2x 5
–d–u– = 3, –d–v–= 2
dx dx (b) Let u = (2x + 3)3, v = (4 – x)2
du dv du = 3(2x + 3)2(2), dv
dy v– – –– u– – – = 2(4 – x)(–1)
dx dx dx dx
= –––––––––––– = 6(2x + 3)2 = –2(4 – x)
dx v2
(2x – 5)(3) – 3x(2)
= –––––––––––––––— Therefore,
(2x – 5)2 dv du
6x – 15 – 6x f (x) = u +v
= –––––––––– – dx dx
(2x – 5)2 = (2x + 3)3[–2(4 – x)] + (4 – x)2[6(2x + 3)2]
15 = (4 – x)(2x + 3)2[–2(2x + 3) + 6(4 – x)]
= – ––––––––
(2x – 5)2 = (4 – x)(2x + 3)2(–4x – 6 + 24 – 6x)
= (4 – x)(2x + 3)2(18 – 10x)
= 2(4 – x)(9 – 5x)(2x + 3)2
(b) Let u = 3x2, v = 2x + 5
– – – = 6x, – –v–= 2
d u d
(c) Let u = 4x, v = (3x2 + 5)–2
dx dx
dy (2x + 5)(6x) – (3x2)(2) – – – = 4, – –v– = –2(3x2 + 5)–3(6x)
d u d
––– = –––––––––––––––––––– dx dx
dx (2x + 5)2
Therefore,
12x + 30x – 6x 2
2
= ––––––––––––––– f (x) = 4x[–2(3x2 + 5)–3(6x)] + (3x2 + 5)–2(4)
(2x + 5)2 = 4(3x2 + 5)–3(–12x2 + 3x2 + 5)
2
6x + 30x
= –––––––— = 4(3x2 + 5)–3(5 – 9x2)
2
(2x + 5)2 = 4(5 – 9x )
–––––––—
6x(x + 5) (3x + 5)3
2
= –––––––—
(2x + 5)2
d y d y
10. (a) – – – = 4x + 6 (b) – – – = 2(2x2 – 7)(4x)
dx dx
dy = 8x(2x2 – 7)
When x = 1, – – –= 4(1) + 6
dy
dx When x = 2, – – –= 8(2)[2(2)2 – 7]
= 10 dx
= 16
Therefore, the gradient of the tangent when
y = [2(2)2 – 7]2
x = 1 is 10.
=1
dy Therefore, the equation of the tangent at
(b) – – –= (2x + 1)(2x) + (x2 – 3)(2)
dx point (2, 1) is
y – 1 = 16(x – 2)
At point (–1, 3),
d y y = 16x – 31
– – – = [2(–1) + 1][2(–1)] + [(–1)2 – 3](2) 1–
dx Gradient of the normal = – ––
= –2 16
Therefore, the gradient of tangent at point Therefore, the equation of the normal at
(–1, 3) is –2. point (2, 1) is
y – 1 = – –1–– (x – 2)
16
(x2)(5) – (5x – 2)(2x)
(c) –d–y– =–––––––––––––––––– y = – –1––x + –2–– + 1
dx x4 16 16
= –5x
2
+ 4x 1
y = – –––x + — 9
——––––
x4 16 8
d y –5(2)2 + 4(2)
At point (2, 14), – – – =——–––––––
4
dx 3 2 dy (2x – 5)(1) – (x + 3)(2)
= –— (c) ––– = —————––––––––––
4 dx (2x – 5)2
Therefore, the gradient of tangent at point 11
3. = —–––––
(2, 14) is – — (2x – 5)2
4
dy –11
When x = 3, ––– = ––––—––– = –11
dx [2(3) – 5]2
d y
11. (a) – – – = 2x + 3 y = —3–+––3––
dx 2(3) – 5
dy
At point (1, –1), – – –= 2(1) + 3 =6
dx
=5 Therefore, the equation of the tangent at
point (3, 6) is y – 6 = –11(x – 3)
Gradient of the tangent = 5 y = –11x + 39
Therefore, the equation of the tangent at
Gradient of the normal = –1–
point (1, –1) is 11
y – (–1) = 5(x – 1) Therefore, the equation of the normal at
y + 1 = 5x – 5 point (3, 6) is
y = 5x – 6 1
y – 6 = — (x – 3)
Gradient of the normal = – — 1 11
1 63
5 y = — x + –––
Therefore, the equation of the normal at 11 11
point (1, –1) is
y – (–1) = – — 1 (x – 1)
5
= –— 1x + — 1
5 5
y = –— 1x – — 4
5 5
d y 1 (6x)(4x)
A = 6x(y) + —
12. (a) – – – = 6x + 6
dx 2
d y
At turning point, – – – = 0 = 6xy + 12x2 ............... b
dx
6x + 6 = 0 Substitute a into b.
x = –1 A = 6x(60 – 8x) + 12x2
When x = –1, y = 3(–1)2 + 6(–1) – 2 = 36x(10 – x)
= –5 (ii) –d–A– = 360 – 72x
Therefore, the turning point is (–1, –5). dx
For maximum or minimum value
Value of x –1.1 –1 –0.9 of A,
dy
Value of — –0.6 , 0 – d – A– =0
0 0.6 . 0 dx
dx
dy 360 – 72x = 0
Sketch of — x =5
dx
Value of x 4.9 5 5.1
Therefore, (–1, – 5) is a minimum point.
dA
Value of — 7.2 . 0 0 –7.2 , 0
(b) y = 3 + 5x – 2x2 dx
dA
dy Sketch of —
– – –= 5 – 4x dx
dx
d y
At turning point, – – – = 0 Therefore, A is maximum when x = 5.
dx
5 – 4x = 0 (iii) Maximum area = 36(5)(10 – 5)
x = 1—1 = 900 cm2
4
When x = 1— 1 , y = 3 + 5(1—1 ) – 2(1—1 )2 (b) (i) Total surface area of the box = 216 cm2
4 4 4 4xh + 2x2 = 216
= 6—1
8 h =— 21–6––––2–x–2 ……
1 , 6—
1 ). 4x
Therefore, the turning point is (1— V = x2h ……
4 8
Substitute into2 .
1 1 – –2x—
V = x2 –2–1–6–—
1— 1—
Value of x 1
4 2 1 4x 2
dy
Value of — 1.0 0 –1 , 0 = 54x – –1–x3
dx 2
dy
Sketch of —
dx (ii) –d–V– = 54 – –3–x2
dx 2
1 1 For maximum or minimum value of
Therefore, (1 ,6 ) is a maximum point.
4 8 V,
– d – V– = 0
dx
13. (a) (i) 5x + 5x + 6x + y + y = 120 54 – –3–x2 = 0
16x + 2y = 120 2
2y = 120 – 16x –3–x2 = 54
2
y = 60 – 8x ... a x2 = 36
x =6
y = x4 dy
16. (a)
17. (a) – – –= 24x3 + 9x2
d y
– – – = 4x3 dx
2
dx d
––— y = 72x2 + 18x
d y dx2
When x = 3, – – – = 4(3)3
dx dy
= 108 (b) ––– = 3(3x – 4)2(3)
dx
x = 3.01 – 3 = 9(3x – 4)2
= 0.01 d2y
y dy –––– = 18(3x – 4)(3)
– – –≈ – – – dx2
x dx
dy = 54(3x – 4)
y ≈ – – – x
dx
5x3 – 2
= 108(0.01) (c) f(x) =
= 1.08 x2
= 5x – 2x–2
When x = 3, y = 34 f 9(x) = 5 + 4x –3
= 81 f (x) = 4(–3)x –4
Therefore, 3.014 ≈ y + y = – 12
= 81 + 1.08 x4
= 82.08
d y
18. (a) – – – = 6x + 6
dx
dy
(b) y = 7x –3 At turning point, – – –= 0
d y dx
– – – = –21x –4
dx 6x + 6 = 0
x = –1
When x = 2, When x = –1, y = 3(–1)2 + 6(–1) + 5
dy –21
––– = —– =2
dx 24 Therefore, the turning point is (–1, 2).
= –— 21– d2y = 6 . 0
––—
16 dx2
Therefore, (–1, 2) is a minimum point.
x = 1.95 – 2
= –0.05 (b) y = 27x – x3
dy d y
y ≈ – – – x – – – = 27 – 3x2
dx dx
21 d y
= – –— –0.05 At turning point, – – – = 0
16 dx
= 0.06563 27 – 3x2 = 0
7 x2 = 9
When x = 2, y = x = ±3
23 When x = 3, when x = –3,
= 7 y = 54 y = –54
8 dy2
d 2y
––— = –6x ––— = –6x
Therefore,
7 ≈ 7 + 0.06563 dx2 dx2
1.953 8 = –18 , 0 = 18 . 0
= 0.9406
Therefore, (3, 54) is a maximum point
and (–3, –54) is a minimum point.
4
9. V= πr 3 (b) dy = 12x – 3x2
3 dx
dV 4 2 d2y = 12 – 6x = 6(2 – x)
= π(3r )
dr 3 dx2
= 4 πr 2 3 d 2y
1 4 2 , dx2 = 6(2 – 0)
At 0, –
dV = dV dr = 12 . 0
Hence, 10, – 2 is a minimum point.
dt dr dt 3
16 π = 4 πr 2 0.25 4
1 d2 y
r2 = 16π
4π 0.25
1
At 4, 31 ,
4 2 dx2
= 6(2 – 4)
= 16 = –12 . 0
4 When x = 10
dy
dy
= 12x – 3x2 = –16(10)–5
dx dx
= –0.00016
The gradient function of the curve is
12x – 3x2. (b) δx = 9.98 – 10 = –0.02
dy dy
(ii) At turning points, =0 δy δx
dx dx
12x – 3x2 = 0 = –0.00016 (–0.02)
3x(4 – x) = 0 = 0.0000032
3x = 0 or 4 – x = 0 When x = 10, y = 0.0004
x=0 x =4 4
y + δy
9.984
When x = 0, y = 6(0)2 – (0)3 – 3 = 0.0004 + 0.0000032
4
= 0.0004032
=–3
4
3
When x = 4, y = 6(4)2 – (4)3 –
4 3. (a) Perimeter of flower farm = 2k + 2h + πh
= 96 – 64 –
3 8 = 2k + 2h + πh
4 2k = 8 – 2h – πh …
1
= 31
4 Area of flower farm,
Hence, the turning points are at A = 1 πh2 + (k)(2h) …
2
10, – 4 2 and 14, 31 42.
3 1
Substitute into :
4. dy
dx = px – qx
2
= 48 . 0
dy
At turning point, x = 2, =0 Hence, the turning point is a minimum
dx
point.
p(2)2 – q(2) = 0
4p – 2q = 0
2p – q = 0 ……
At x = –2,
dy
= –24
MRSM Cloned Questions
dx
p(–2)2 – q(–2) = –24 1. (a) (i) Area of rectangle, A = 2(x)(y)
4p + 2q = –24 = 2x(3x2 – 16)
2p + q = –12 …… = 6x3 – 32x
+ , 4p = –12
p = –3 (ii) A = 6x3 – 32x
Substitute p = –3 into . dA = 18x2 – 32
2(–3) – q = 0 dx
q = –6 For maximum value of A,
dA = 0
dx
18x2 – 32 = 0
18x2 = 32
x2 = 32
18
= 16
9
x=±4
3
d2A
= 36x
dx2
d 2A
Challenge
When x = – 4 , = 36(– 4 ) , 0
3 dx 2
3 1. Let A be the area of the whole land.
Hence, A is maximum when, x = – 4 A = xy ....................
3
Maximum value of A Total length of fencing material is,
= 61– 4 2 – 321– 4 2
3
4y + 2x = 240...................
3 3 y = 240 – 2x
4
= – 128 + 128 1
9 3 = 60 – x ......... 3
4
= 28 unit2 2
9 Substitute 3 into ,
Solution of Triangles
10 Penyelesaian Segi Tiga
sin——
Q–P—
R =—sin—7—
5° (b) (i) In TPQ,
(b) — TQ2 = 72 + 82
10.2 12.3
= 113
QPR = 53.23°
In PQR,
QRP = 180° – 75° – 53.23°
PR2 = 82 + 122
= 51.77°
= 208
Area of ∆PQR
1 In PRT,
= —(12.3)(10.2) sin 51.77° RT2 = 72 + 208
2
= 257
= 49.28 cm2
In QRT,
9.72 + 12.22 – 14.92 cos QTR = 113 + 257 – 122
(c) cos Y = ———–————— ———————
2(9.7)(12.2) 2(!w
113)(!w
257)
Y = 84.93° QTR = 48.46°
Area of XYZ
1
= —(9.7)(12.2) sin 84.93° (ii) Area of ∆QTR
1
2 = —(!1w w
13)(!257) sin 48.46°
= 58.94 cm2 2
= 63.78 cm2
2(7)(13)
Paper 2 = 0.846
RSQ = 32.2°
1. (a) (i) In ∆CDE,
CE = ED (ii) In ∆PQS,
sin 105° sin 32° PQS = RSQ = 32.2°
5.4
CE = sin 105° PS QS
sin 32° =
sin PQS sin QPS
= 9.843 cm
PS = 13
(ii) In ∆ABC, sin 32.2° sin 118°
BC2 = 4.52 + 8.72
PS = 13 sin 32.2°
– 2(4.5)(8.7) cos 143° sin 118°
2
BC = 158.473 = 7.846 cm
BC = 12.589 cm
BE = BC – CE (b) (i) S 7 cm R R
= 12.589 – 9.843
= 2.746 cm
13 cm 8 cm
= 1 ED EC sin CED P Q
2
= 1 5.4 9.843 sin 43° (ii) In ∆SQR9,
2
= 18.125 cm2 QR9 = SQ
sin R9SQ sin SR9Q
(b) (i) E 8 13
E C =
32º
sin 32.2° sin SR9Q
8.79 = 6 EB = 152 + 52
sin 85° sin MKN = 15.81 cm
18.562 = 15.812 + 82 – 2(15.81)(8) cos EBC
sin /MKN = 6 sin 85°
cos EBC = 15.81 + 8 – 18.56
2 2 2
8.79
/MKN = 42.84° 2(15.81)(8)
EBC = 96.93°
/KMN = 180° – 85° – 42.84°
= 52.16° Area ∆EBC = 1 (8)(15.81) sin 96.93°
2
= 62.78 cm2
(b) (i)
T
4.82 cm 8 cm
35°
R R' S
Challenge
1. (a)
P
5 cm 6.8 cm
5 cm
27°
R S S' Q
5 6.8
In ∆PQS, =
sin PSQ
sin 27°
sin PSQ = 6.8 sin 27°
5
PSQ = 38.13° or 141.87°
In ∆PQS9, 5 = QS9
sin 27° sin 11.13°
QS9 = 5 sin 11.13°
sin 27°
= 2.13 cm
In ∆PSS9, 5 = SS9
sin 38.13° sin 103.74°
SS9 = 5 sin 103.74°
sin 38.13°
= 7.87 cm
103.74°
5 cm 6.8 cm
5 cm
141.87°
38.13° 38.13° 27°
S 7.87 cm S' 2.13 cm Q
1
(b) Area of ∆PQS = (5)(6.8) sin 114.87°
2
= 15.42 cm2
1
Area of ∆PQS9 = (5)(6.8) sin 11.13°
2
= 3.28 cm2
Index Number
11 Nombor Indeks
16.38
1. (a) I = ——– 100
12.60
= 130
11 151
(b) I = ——— 100
8 260
= 135
420
2. (a) I = —— 100
500
= 84
1 250
(b) (i) I1 = ——– 100
1 000
= 125
1 600
(ii) I2 = ——– 100
1 250
= 128
Q
3. (a) I = —–1 100
Q0
350
75 = —— 100
Q0
350 100
Q = ———–––
0
75
= RM467
(b) Let Q0, Q1 and Q2 be the prices of item K in year 1996, year 2001 and year 2006 respectively.
Q
—–1 100 = 110 ……
Q0
Q
—–2 100 = 130 ……
Q0
Q 110
—– : —1– = ——
Q2 130
110
Q = —— 78
1
130
= RM66
– ∑I w
4. (a) Composite index, I = ——–i i
∑wi
= —11—
0——
4—+—11—8——8—+—1—
20——2—+—1—
25——6—
4+8+2+6
= 119
– ∑I w
(b) Composite index, I = ——–i i
∑wi
= —1—
25—×—3—+—1—
20—×—4—+—1—
10—×—2—+—1—
05—×—1—
3+4+2+1
= 118
– ∑I w
5. (a) Composite index, I = ——– i i
∑wi
90 1 + x 2 + 125 2 + 112 5
111 = ——————————————–——
1+2+2+5
900
= ———— + 2 x
10
x = 105
– ∑I w
(b) Composite index, I = ——– i i
∑wi
119 = —11—
2× —4—+—1—
30—×—1—
+—12—
0—×—
2—+ x–—
×—3
4+1+2+3
=—81—
8+ —3—x
10
1 190 = 818 + 3x
3x = 372
x = 124
36
6. (a) (i) x = —– 100
30
= 120
y
124 = —– 100
50
y = 62
120
125 = —— 100
z
z = 96
– 120 3 + 124 5 + 125 2
(ii) I = —————————————
3+5+2
= 123
)
(b Price index for B,
34.20
h = ——– 100
30
= 114
_
136 k + 114 2 + 108 3
I = –————————————
k+2+3
136k + 552
120 = —————
k+5
120k + 600 = 136k + 552
16k = 48
k =3
1.56
(c) (i) × 100 = 104
x
x = 1.50
5.58
y= × 100
4.50
= 124
– ∑Iw 121
I= = = 121
∑w 1
SPM Practice 11
Paper 2
(c) (i) The composite index for the expenses in 2015 based on 2012
= 108 109
100
= 117.72
= 118
(c) Price index for the year 2010 Pric index for the year 2012
Ingredients Weightage
based on the year 2008 based on the year 2008
31.50
= 120 (c) Corresponding cost in the year 2008
33.85
= 125.40 RM25.00
= 111.67 100
= RM31.35
(ii) P2013 = 240
I 2017 = 120 (d) Composite index for the year 2010 based
2013 on the year 2006
120
P2017 = 240 = 105 125.4
100 100
= 288 = 131.67
Thus,
RM1 800 ÷ RM288 = 6.25
6 kitchen table
5. (a) (i) h = 17.50 100 6. (a) Let the prices of cake flour be Q1 and Q2
14.00 in 2007 and 2010 respectively.
= 125 Q2
P2012 100 = 120
Q
(ii) 110 = 1
100 9.90 100 = 120
14.00
Q1
P2012 = 110 14.00
100 Q = 100 9.90
1
= RM15.40 120
= RM8.25
Paper 1 √95 – x
5. 32x – 1 =
81
1. (a) The coordinates of the maximum point is 1
h–1(8) = 1 + 3(8) = 25 = 5
16
logp 16
=1 –1 2(8) – 1 15 3
2 m
= –2
m
2m
32 + k = 13 3
(–k)2 – 4(1)(k – ) , 0
k=4 4
k2 – 4k + 3 , 0
(k – 1)(k – 3) , 0
10. (a) h(x) = 2x + 1
Let y = 2x + 1 k
1 3
2x = y – 1
x = y–1 1,k,3
2
y–1 m = 1 and n = 3
h–1(y) =
2
–1 x–1
h (x) = 14. 2x2 – (k + 1)x + 2 = 0
2 Let the roots be a and 4a.
b
a + 4a = –
(b) h2(x) = h[h(x)]
a
= 2[2x + 1] + 1
= 4x + 3 = – –(k + 1)
2
q q
h21 2 = 41 2 + 3 5a = (k + 1)
5 5 2
q
41 2 + 3 = 27 k = 10a – 1 …… 1
5 c
q = 30 a 4a =
a
= 2
2
11. 4x2 + 5x – 2 = 0 4a2 = 1
5
Sum of roots = p + q = – a2 = 1
4 4
2 1 1
Product of roots = pq = – =– a=±
4 2 2
Quadratic equation with roots 4p and 4q is 1
Subsitute a = into 1,
x2 – (4p + 4q)x + (4p)(4q) = 0 2
1
x2 – 4(p + q)x + 16pq = 0 k = 101 2 – 1 = 4
5 1 2
x – 41– 2x + 161– 2 = 0
2
1
4 2 Subsitute a = – into 1,
2
x2 + 5x – 8 = 0 1
k = 101– 2 – 1 = –6
2
Since k . 0, k = 4.
1 dA
= 12π = 12π cm s–1
8πr dt
x cm x cm =3
2r
y cm When r = 6 cm,
r cm
dr = 3
dt 2(6)
2x + 2y = 48 = 0.25 cm s–1
x + y = 24
x = 24 – y …… 1
2r = y 18. (a) y
r = y …… 2 7x– 3y = 3
2 5
Volume of cylinder, V = r 2x …… 3 x+y=5
x
0 5
Substitute 1 and 2 into 3.
2
V = 1y (24
2 – y)
2
2
= y (24 – y) x+y =5
4 y = 5 – x …… 1
2
= 6y – y
3
7x – 3y = 3 …… 2
4 Substitute 1 into 2,
dV = 12y – 3y2 7x – 3(5 – x) = 3
dy 4 10x = 18
dV x = 1.8
When = 0,
dy Substitute x = 1.8 into 1,
12y – 3y2 = 0 y = 5 – 1.8 = 3.2
4 Therefore, the coordinates of the
48y – 3y2 = 0 intersection point is (1.8, 3.2).
3y(16 – y) = 0
(b) The height of the isosceles triangle is 1.8
units.
A(2, 9) x2 + y2 – 6x + 8y – 11 = 0
5–p
2(5) ab = …… 2
= 77 ± 49 2
10 4x(x – q) – 3 = 0
= 8.4 or 7 4x2 – 4qx – 3 = 0
a + b = – – 4q
When x = 8.4,
4 4 1 4 2
y = 385 – 36(8.4) = 5.9 a+b
14 =q
4
When x = 7, a + b = 4q …… 3
y = 385 – 36(7) = 9.5 a b = –3
14 4 4 4
ab = –12 …… 4
2. (a) y = 18(x – 2)–2
dy
= 18(–2)(x – 2)–2 – 1(1) Compare 1 and 3.
dx 4q = 2
= –36(x – 2)–3 1
q=
= – 36 3 2
(x – 2)
Compare 1 and 2,
5 – p = –12
(b) δx = 4.02 – 4.00 2
= 0.02 5 – p = –24
dy p = 29
δy δx
dx
36
=– 0.02
(x – 2)3
= –4.368 0.02
= –0.087
When x = 4, y = 18(4 – 2)–2
= 4.5
18
y + δy
(x – 2)2
= 4.5 + (–0.087)
= 4.413
RT 9 1
4. (a) tan q = = = 3 (b) (i) 15k – 15 = 30
OT 3 2
q = 1.249 rad. 15k – 15 = 60
15k – 15 = 60 or 15k – 15 = –60
(b) Length of arc PQ = 12 1.249 15k = 75 k = –3
= 14.988 k =5
π 1
Length of arc PR = 9 (ii) (15k – 15) = 0
2 2
= 14.139 15k – 15 = 0
15k = 15
OR = RT 2 + OT 2 k =1
= 92 + 32
(c) Q = (5, 12)
= 9.4868 7–2 6+3 5 9
OR = 12 – 9.4868 Midpoint of PR, T = 1 , 2=1 , 2
2 2 22
= 2.5132 9
12 –
Perimeter of shaded region mQT = 2= 3
= 14.988 + 14.139 + 2.5132 5–5
= 31.64 cm 2
y – 12 = 3(x – 5)
(c) Area of sector OPQ y – 12 = 3x – 15
1 y = 3x – 3
= (12)2(1.249)
2 The equation of the median is y = 3x – 3.
= 89.928
Area of circle quadrant
1 π (1.3 10) + (1.8 15) + (2.3 p)
= (9)2 + (2.8 23) + (3.3 15)
2 2 6. (a) 2.4 =
= 63.626 10 + 15 + p + 23 + 15
u u
4y2 – 20y + 73 = 0
= 1 –8
12 16 –4 –8
2 –8 0 13 5 –8 b2 – 4ac = (–20)2 – 4(4)(73) , 0
1 The equation has no roots.
= [(0 + 156 + 80 + 32) –
2 Thus, the circle does not intersect the
(–96 + 0 – 52 – 40)]
1 y-axis.
= [268 – (–188)]
2
= 228 m2
8. (a) Volume of cylinder, r2h = 750
(ii) Let the coordinates of E = (p, q) h = 750
3
r2
C(16, 13)
2 Cost of materials, P
E(p, q)
B(–4, 5) = 2rh 0.02 + r2 0.03
750
= 2r1 2 0.02 + r2 0.03
p = 2(16) + 3(–4) 30 r
2
2+3 = + 0.03r2
= 20 r
5
=4 30
(b) P= + 0.03r2
r
q = 2(13) + 3(5) dP 30
2+3 =– + 0.06r
= 41 dr r2
5 dP
1 When = 0,
=8 dr
5
The coordinates of E are 14, 8 1 2. 30
– + 0.06r = 0
5
r2
30 = 0.06r
(b) (i) Midpoint of AC
r2
= 1 –8 + 16 , –8 + 13 2 r3 = 30
2 2 0.06
5
= 14, 2 r = 3 500
2
= 7.937 cm
Let (x, y) is a point which moves such
that its distance from the midpoint of d2P 60
When = + 0.06 = 0.566 . 0
AC is always 2 m. dr 2
r3
2–4 3 5 15 45
5–7 6 12 72 432
8 – 10 9 15 135 1 215
11 – 13 12 8 96 1 152
∑ fx 318
Mean = = = 7.95 hours Standard deviation = 7.8975
∑f 40
= 2.810
∑ fx 2
Variance = –x2
∑f
2 844
= – 7.952
40
= 7.8975
10. k
11. (a) (i) f(x) = hx +
1.4 cm
x
k
C f 9(x) = h –
B
x2
At turning point, f 9(x) = 0, x = 2 3
5 cm
k
f 9(x) = h –
x2 k
82.9° 0 =h –
A B AD (2 3 )2
h=k
(a) AB = 52 + 1.42 12
= 5.192 cm When f(x) = 24 3 , x = 2 3
Circumference of the base of the cone k
22 f(x) = hx +
=2 1.4 = 8.8 cm x
7 k
24 3 = h(2 3 ) +
Length of arc BC= 8.8 cm 2 3
5.192 q = 8.8 24 3 =
k
(2 3 ) +
k 3
8.8
q= = 1.695 rad 12 6
5.192 k k
24 = +
180°
= 1.695 6 6
k = 72
= 97.1°
CAD = 180° – 97.1° h = k
12
= 82.9°
CD = 72
tan 82.9° = 12
AD =6
AD = 5.192
tan 82.9°
= 0.647 cm (ii) When f 9(x) = 0
72
Length = BA + AD 6– =0
= 5.192 + 0.647 x2
x = ± 12
= 5.839 cm
=±2 3
Therefore, the length and the width of
the card are 5.839 cm and 5.192 cm At the second turning point,
respectively. x = –2 3 ,
72
f(x) = 6x +
x
(b) The area of the net of the cone 72
1 f(–2 3 ) = 6(–2 3 ) +
= 2 5.1922 1.695 (–2 3 )
36
= –12 3 –
2
= 22.85 cm
3
36 3
= –12 3 –
(c) The area of the card unused 3
= 5.839 5.192 – 22.85 = –24 3
= 7.466 cm2
The second turning point is (–
2 3 , –24 3 ).
PR = 23.664 cm
S
(ii) RT2 = 19.52 + 27.62 – 2(19.5)(27.6)
cos 126°
P
RT = 42.127
PT = RT – PR
= 42.127 – 23.664 1
= 18.463 cm 11.76 h = 14.74
2
h = 14.74 2
(iii) RPQ = 180° – 105° – 36° 11.76
= 39° = 2.507 cm
Area of ∆PQR Shortest distance from S to PR
1 = 2.507 cm
= (23.664)(14.4)(sin 39°)
2
= 107.224 cm2
(b) (i) R P P
39º
105º
36º 14.4 cm
Q
(ii) PQR = 105° – (180° – 39° – 39°)
= 3°
14. (a) (i) Let Q2015 = Cost of ingredient C in the year 2015
Q2014 = Cost of ingredient C in the year 2014
Q
Price index = 2015 100
Q2014
Q
85 = 2015 100
24
Q2015 = 20.40
Therefore, the cost of ingredient C in the year 2015 is RM20.40.
∑Iiwi
(ii) Composite index =
∑wi
112 = (110 8) + (k 5) + (85 3) + (107.5 4)
8+5+3+ 4
112 = 1 565 + 5k
20
k= (112)(20) – 1 565
5
= 135
105
(b) (i) Composite index = 112 = 117.6
100
117.6
(ii) Price of ice-cream = RM28 = RM32.93
100