June 2017 (R) QP - Paper 1C Edexcel Chemistry IGCSE

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Mark Scheme (Results)
Summer 2017
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

in Chemistry (4CH0) Paper 1C
Science (Double Award) (4SC0) Paper 1C
Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 Certificate

Biology (KCH0) Paper 1C
Science (Double Award) (KSC0) Paper 1C
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Summer 2017
Publications Code 4CH0_1C_1706_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2017
General Marking Guidance
 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according
to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 5
atomic number of the atom 3
number of shells shown 2
mass number of the atom 7
number of protons in an isotope 3

of this element
group where element is found in 1

the Periodic Table
(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) B (H2) 1
The only correct answer is B
A is not correct because H is the symbol of an

atom of hydrogen not a molecule of hydrogen
C is not correct because H2O is the formula of

water which is a compound
D is not correct because H2O2 is the formula of

hydrogen peroxide which is a compound
(b) D (sodium chloride solution) 1
The only correct answer is D
A is not correct because sodium is an element

not a mixture
B is not correct because chlorine is an element

not a mixture
C is not correct because sodium chloride is a

pure compound not a mixture
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(c) A (chromatography) 1
The only correct answer is A
B is not correct because crystallisation would not

separate the dyes in food colouring
C is not correct because evaporation would not

D is not correct because filtration would not

(d) (i) M1 add (dilute) nitric acid Accept HNO3 3

If no acid then M2 M3 can be scored
If incorrect acid then M2 M3 can be scored
Ignore references to testing for

chlorine/electrolysis
M2 add silver nitrate (solution) Accept AgNO3

Do not award mark if additional reagent added
Ignore litmus
M3 white precipitate Accept usual alternatives to precipitate

Ignore cloudy/milky
Ignore qualifiers such as pale
Reject all other colours
Reject other observations e.g. fizzing
M3 DEP on mention of silver nitrate/AgNO3

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(d) (ii) diffusion Ignore identity of precipitate

1
(e) (i) M1 flask 3
M2 column
M3 condenser
(ii) C (g) → (l) 1
The only correct answer is C
A is not correct because change of state from

solid to aqueous does not occur in fractional
distillation
B is not correct because change of state from

liquid to solid does not occur in fractional
distillation
D is not correct because change of state from

aqueous to solid does not occur in fractional
distillation

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) galvanising/galvanisation Ignore sacrificial protection 1
(b) (i) rust 1
(ii) M1 oxygen Accept air / O2 2

Ignore O
M2 water Accept H2O

Allow moisture
Ignore vapour
Accept answers in either order

If name and formulae given both must be
correct
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(iii) M1 Zn/zinc is more reactive than Fe/iron Accept Zn higher in reactivity series 3
Accept zinc reacts in preference to/instead of
iron
Allow zinc is oxidised in preference to iron
Ignore references to sacrificial protection
Reject zinc rusts
Reject use of Zn2+ and Fe2+ in place of Zn / Fe
Accept reverse argument for iron
M2 Zn loses (two) electrons / Zn forms Zn2+ Accept Zn → Zn2+ (+ 2e–)

Reject Fe loses (two) electrons/Fe forms Fe2+
M3 prevents Fe from losing electrons / Accept (so) Fe → Fe2+ (+ 2e– ) does not take
prevents Fe forming Fe2+ place
Accept (so) Fe2+ (+ 2e–) → Fe (does take

place) IF mentioned in correct context of
reaction with zinc/displacement
Accept Fe2+ (ions) gain (two) electrons and

converted into Fe (atoms) IF mentioned in
context of reaction with zinc/displacement

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) M1 (top row) CuCl2 3
M2 (middle row) (NH4)2SO4
M3 (bottom row) Fe2(CO3)3
(b) C (copper(II) sulfate) 1
A is not correct because the name of CuSO4 is not copper(I) sulfate
B is not correct because the name of CuSO4 is not copper(I) sulfite
D is not correct because the name of CuSO4 is not copper(II) sulphite
(c) C (white AND colourless) 1
A is not correct because NH4Cl(s) is not colourless
B is not correct because NH4Cl(s) is not colourless
D is not correct because NH4Cl(aq) is not white

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(d) (i) A (brown precipitate) 1
B is not correct because the product of the test,

iron(III) hydroxide is not a brown solution
C is not correct because the product of the test,

iron(III) hydroxide is not a green precipitate
D is not correct because the product of the test,

iron(III) hydroxide is not a green solution
(ii) M1 iron(III) hydroxide Ignore iron hydroxide 2

Accept ferric hydroxide
Ignore formulae whether correct or incorrect
M2 sodium sulfate Accept sulphate
(iii) to prevent the formation of other precipitates Ignore references to impurities 1

OR
to react with/remove carbonate (ions) Accept so only sulfate (ions) react with
barium chloride/barium ions
Accept to remove sulfite ions

Reject if to remove an incorrect ion
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(d) (iv) white precipitate Reject other colours 1
Accept usual alternatives for precipitate
Reject incorrect extra observations
(e) M1 add (dilute) acid /H+ Accept any named acid 3

Accept correct formulae
OR heat
M2 bubble/pass gas/carbon dioxide into Reject if limewater added to CuCO3

limewater/OWTTE
M3 (limewater) turns milky Accept cloudy / white precipitate

M3 indep

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) (i) to (produce) heat (energy) Ignore exothermic reaction 1

Accept to reach/maintain a high temperature
Allow to make the furnace/it hot
Ignore to increase the temperature
Ignore for energy alone
Ignore to make carbon dioxide
(ii) to produce the reducing agent Accept to produce substance needed to reduce 1
iron ore/iron oxide/haematite
Ignore to make carbon monoxide

Allow to make carbon monoxide/CO/substance
which reacts with iron ore to produce iron
(b) M1 CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 Award 1 mark for two correct equations in 2
wrong order
M2 CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3 Ignore state symbols
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(c) M1 iron/iron oxide is reduced AND carbon is In M1 and M2 Accept Fe/Fe2O3/Fe3+ and C 2
oxidised
M2 (because) iron/iron oxide loses oxygen AND Allow use of O

carbon gains oxygen
Ignore references to electrons
Allow reference to oxidation number of iron has

decreased and oxidation number of carbon has
increased (if oxidation numbers stated must be
correct)

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) M1 vaporisation 4
M2 temperature
M3 condensation
M4 boiling point
(b) 3
the molecules that are cracked are

hydrocarbons Award 1 mark for each correct tick
catalytic cracking uses If more than 3 ticks then subtract 1 mark for
iron as the catalyst
each extra tick
cracking is used because of different

requirements for hydrocarbons
cracking reactions are
examples of addition
reactions
cracking produces
molecules with shorter 
chains
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O is an
equation for a cracking
reaction
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (c) (i) CnH2n Accept other letters, such as x, in place of n 1
(ii) M1 propene Accept propylene 2
M2 methane Accept answers in either order
(iii) 1
Must show all atoms and all bonds
(iv) Award 1 mark for each structure 2

Must show all atoms and all bonds
Allow cis/trans isomers

Allow cyclobutane
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(d) M1 product has longer (carbon) chain Must have a comparative statement / a
statement about both reactant and product
Accept reactant has shorter (carbon) chain
M2 only product has (all) single (C—C) bonds Ignore reactant is a monomer and product is
a polymer
Accept only the reactant has a double bond

Allow only the reactant is unsaturated 3
Allow only the product is saturated
Ignore references to alkanes/alkene
M3 only the product is a solid / only the Reject if an incorrect state also given
reactant is a gas

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) reaction faster / takes less time Ignore references to larger surface area 1
Reject references to dissolving
(b) reaction very slow/too slow without water Accept rusting needs water/moisture 1
Allow so that iron can rust
Accept reference to increasing rate of
reaction/rusting
(c) M1 (at start) 71 Ignore trailing .0(0) in all answers 3

Ignore units
M2 (at end) 16
M3 (change) (-)55 M3 CQ M1 -M2

Question
Answer Marks
number
(d) D (he uses a smaller mass of iron filings) 1
The only correct answer is D
A is not correct because the change in volume is governed by the mass of iron so to produce a
smaller change in volume the mass of iron present needs to be smaller – increasing the volume of
water would not produce a smaller volume
B is not correct because the change in volume is governed by the mass of iron so to produce a
smaller change in volume the mass of iron present needs to be smaller – leaving the apparatus for
longer would not produce a smaller change in volume
C is not correct because the change in volume is governed by the mass of iron so to produce a
smaller change in volume the mass of iron present needs to be smaller – having the apparatus in
a warmer place would change the rate of reaction – and would not affect the change in volume
Question
Answer Marks
number
(e) (i) identifies the error e.g. has divided by the Accept has divided by 90 / has divided by the 1
syringe reading at the start wrong number/has not included the volume of
air in the flask and glass tube/has not included the
OR 250
corrects the error e.g. should divide by the Accept should divide by 340 / should include the
total volume volume of air in the flask and glass tube
(ii) M1 70 × 100 (= 20.5882…..) 2

340
M2 21 Allow any number of sig. fig. but reject 20
Allow 70 x 100 = 28 for (1)

250
Correct final answer with or without working
scores 2 marks

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) (i) curve from reactant level to product level with 1

peak below that of original (1)
(ii)
M1 for approximately vertical line/arrow 2
between reactant level and product level
labelled ∆H/enthalpy change/-9 kJ/mol
M2 for approximately vertical line/arrow

between reactant level and peak of candidate
curve labelled Ecat /activation energy
M1 and M2 CQ candidate curve
(b) (i) rate decreases / OWTTE Allow (reaction is) slower 1

Allow reaction takes longer
Ignore references to yield / position of
equilibrium
(ii) M1 (at lower temperature equilibrium position 2

shifts to right so yield of hydrogen iodide)
increases
M2 because (forward) reaction is exothermic Ignore ∆H is negative

Accept backward reaction is endothermic
Ignore because reaction moves in exothermic
direction
Ignore references to Le Chatelier’s principle
e.g. decrease in temperature favours
exothermic reaction
M2 DEP M1
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(c) (i) (rate) decreases / OWTTE Allow (reaction is) slower 1
Allow reaction takes longer (to reach
equilibrium)
Ignore references to yield / position of

equilibrium
(ii) M1 (decrease in pressure has) no effect (on Allow no change 2

yield of hydrogen iodide) Ignore has no effect on other factors e.g.
equilibrium (position)
Ignore references to rate
M2 because equal numbers of (gas) Allow (gas) particles for moles/molecules

moles/molecules on both sides
M2 DEP M1

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) the elements can be obtained by electrolysing molten Award 1 mark for each correct tick 3

metal halides
If more than 3 ticks then subtract 1
the elements with paler colours are lower down the mark for each extra tick
group
the boiling points decrease down the group
the elements form covalent compounds with other


non-metals
their molecules contain two atoms 
all are gases at room temperature
(b) 2K + I2 → 2KI Accept fractions/multiples 1

Ignore state symbols
(c) (hydrogen chloride) g 2
(hydrochloric acid) aq
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(d) M1 effervescence / bubbles / fizzing Accept gas formed / evolved / given off 3
Ignore hydrogen
Reject extra incorrect observations
M2 (in water hydrogen chloride forms) H+ ions / Ignore dissociates/ionises if no

forms (hydrochloric) acid reference to H+ / acid
M3 magnesium reacts to form hydrogen/H2 Accept chemical/word equation

M3 DEP M2
OR
M1 magnesium disappears/gets smaller Allow dissolves

Reject extra incorrect observations
Ignore magnesium moving
M2 (in water hydrogen chloride forms) H+ ions / Ignore dissociates/ionises if no

forms (hydrochloric) acid reference to H+ / acid
M3 magnesium reacts to form magnesium Accept chemical/word equation

chloride/MgCl2/magnesium ions/Mg2+ M3 DEP M2
Ignore references to solution with HCl

dissolved in methylbenzene before
water added
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (e) (i) M1 test 2 Allow description of test 2
M2 chlorine does not react with chloride (ions) Accept chlorine does not displace itself
Allow chlorine does not react with itself
Accept reference to halogen/halide in

place of chlorine/chloride
Ignore chlorine does not displace

chloride
M2 DEP on correct M1 or missing M1
(ii) C (solution becomes darker) 1
A is not correct because original sodium iodide solution is colourless but in Test 1 iodine is formed in the
solution so the solution becomes darker (red/brown)– no effervescence is seen as no gas being formed
B is not correct because original sodium iodide solution is colourless but in Test 1 iodine is formed in the
solution so the solution becomes darker (red/brown)– no iodine vapour produced so no purple fumes
produced
D is not correct because original sodium iodide solution is colourless but in Test 1 iodine is formed in the
solution so the solution becomes darker (red/brown)– no white precipitate formed
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(f) (i) Cl2 + 2At– → At2 + 2Cl– Accept fractions/multiples 1

Ignore 2e on both sides of equation
Reject other extra species
(ii) M1 chlorine/Cl2 is reduced AND astatide (ion)/At– is Allow Cl 2

oxidised Reject chloride (ions) reduced
M2 chlorine/Cl2 gains electron(s) AND astatide (ion)/At– Allow Cl

loses electron(s) Ignore references to oxidation
numbers
Reject use of astatine in place of

astatide ions once only in (ii)

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) M1 replace — signs by + signs / OWTTE Accept all ions should be cations/positive 2
Reject if state/imply these particles are
protons/nuclei
M2 replace protons (label) by electrons Allow electrons (not protons) are delocalised
(b) M1 (magnesium) ions in Accept atoms/cations/particles for ions 4

layers/rows/sheets/planes/OWTTE Reject molecules
M2 slip / slide (over each other) Allow OWTTE eg shift/roll/flow
M2 DEP on mention of EITHER layers or

equivalent
OR mention of ions or equivalent
Do not award M2 if
molecules/protons/electrons/nuclei in place of
ions etc.
If reference to ionic bonding / covalent

bonding / molecules / intermolecular forces,
M1 and M2 cannot be scored
M3 delocalised electrons Accept sea of electrons

Ignore free electrons
M4 can flow/move (through the Ignore carry the charge

magnesium/metal/structure) / are mobile M4 DEP on mention of electrons
(when voltage/p.d. is applied)
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(c) M1 bright / white flame Allow bright / white light 2

(i) Ignore sparks
M2 white solid / powder / ash / smoke Ignore grey

Reject precipitate
(ii) A (it makes a squeaky pop with a lighted splint) 1
B is not correct because hydrogen gas does not relight a glowing splint
C is not correct because hydrogen gas does not turn damp blue litmus red
D is not correct because hydrogen gas does not turn limewater milky
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
(d) to evaporate/remove/boil off some of the water Reject to remove (all) the water (stated 1
or implied)
Accept to increase the concentration (of

the solution)
Accept to produce a (hot) saturated
solution
Accept to reach crystallisation point
Allow to reduce the volume (of the
solution)
Allow to evaporate/remove some of the
solution
Ignore references to rate of reaction
Reject to evaporate acid
M1 to see if/when crystals form Allow solid for crystals 2
M2 indicates the crystallisation point/when solution is Accept indicates when to stop heating/if
saturated/OWTTE need to continue heating
Any two from 2

M1 MgSO4
M2 H2O Ignore names even if incorrect
M3 H2SO4
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (e) M1 calculation of mass of water m(H2O) = (17.2 – 8.3) = 8.9 (g) 4
M2 calculation of amounts of MgSO4 AND H2O n(MgSO4) = 8.3 ÷ 120 OR 0.069 (mol)
Allow any sig. fig e.g. 0.07
AND
n(H2O) = 8.9 ÷ 18 OR 0.49 (mol)

Allow any sig. fig e.g. 0.5
M3 calculation of MgSO4 : H2O ratio 0.069 : 0.49 OR 1 : 7.101449275..

allow any sig. fig.
OR 0.49/0.069 OR 7.101449275.. allow

any sig. fig.
M4 x=7 accept MgSO4.7H2O
Correct final answer with or without

working scores 4 marks
Check for incorrect working

e.g. 120 ÷ 18 = 6.66 = 7
Mark CQ throughout

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) (i) (moles route) 3
M1 n(CaO) = 28000 ÷ 56 OR 500 (mol) Allow 0.5 if final answer given in kg
M2 n(H2O) = 500 (mol) For M2 need to use or state mol H2O
Units not needed for intermediate

M3 m(H2O) = 500 × 18 = 9000 g / 9 kg answers
Do not award M3 if unit missing or

incorrect
Mark M2 and M3 CQ on M1
OR
(mass ratios route)
M1 Mr (CaO) = 56 AND Mr (H2O) = 18
M2 m(H2O) = 28 × 18
56
M3 = 9 kg / 9000 g Do not award M3 if unit missing or

incorrect
Mark M2 and M3 CQ on M1
(ii) M1 carbon dioxide is (an) acidic (oxide) 2
M2 calcium hydroxide is a base / an alkali Ignore contains hydroxide/OH– ions

Question
Notes Marks
number
11 (b) M1 + M2 all six points plotted correctly 3

Deduct 1 mark for each error up to max 2
M3 curve of best fit

Curve CQ on points plotted
Penalise repeated straight line(s) joining points
Penalise more than one curve visible
(c) Ignore move faster 3
Allow more molecules/particles have enough energy for successful collisions OWTTE
Ignore references to probability /chance/likelihood of collisions
M3 DEP on mention of energy in M1 or M2
Penalise use of atoms/ions instead of molecules/particles once only

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Mark Scheme (Results)

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 Certificate

Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

atomic number of the atom 3

number of shells shown 2

mass number of the atom 7

number of protons in an isotope 3

group where element is found in 1

(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

The only correct answer is B

A is not correct because H is the symbol of an

C is not correct because H2O is the formula of

D is not correct because H2O2 is the formula of

(b) D (sodium chloride solution) 1

The only correct answer is D

A is not correct because sodium is an element

B is not correct because chlorine is an element

C is not correct because sodium chloride is a

The only correct answer is A

B is not correct because crystallisation would not

C is not correct because evaporation would not

D is not correct because filtration would not

(d) (i) M1 add (dilute) nitric acid Accept HNO3 3

Ignore references to testing for

M2 add silver nitrate (solution) Accept AgNO3

M3 white precipitate Accept usual alternatives to precipitate

M3 DEP on mention of silver nitrate/AgNO3

(d) (ii) diffusion Ignore identity of precipitate

(e) (i) M1 flask 3

(ii) C (g) → (l) 1

The only correct answer is C

A is not correct because change of state from

B is not correct because change of state from

D is not correct because change of state from

(Total for Question 2 = 11 marks)

3 (a) galvanising/galvanisation Ignore sacrificial protection 1

(b) (i) rust 1

(ii) M1 oxygen Accept air / O2 2

M2 water Accept H2O

Accept answers in either order

Accept reverse argument for iron

M2 Zn loses (two) electrons / Zn forms Zn2+ Accept Zn → Zn2+ (+ 2e–)

Accept (so) Fe2+ (+ 2e–) → Fe (does take

Accept Fe2+ (ions) gain (two) electrons and

(Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)

4 (a) M1 (top row) CuCl2 3

M2 (middle row) (NH4)2SO4

M3 (bottom row) Fe2(CO3)3

(b) C (copper(II) sulfate) 1

The only correct answer is C

A is not correct because the name of CuSO4 is not copper(I) sulfate

B is not correct because the name of CuSO4 is not copper(I) sulfite

D is not correct because the name of CuSO4 is not copper(II) sulphite

(c) C (white AND colourless) 1

The only correct answer is C