EXERCISE 1

• Downlink
• Interference from Digital (narrow) to Digital(wide)
• Wanted
– THAICOM-AK2 (78.5⁰E)
• Group ID : 96604139
• Emission : 27M0G1W
• Interfering
– INTERSPUTNIK-75E-Q(75⁰E)
• Group ID : 105625699
• Emission : 45K0G1X

1
Exercise 1 Interference from Digital narrow to Digital wide
Wanted THAICOM-AK2 (78.5E) Longitudinal Tolerance 0.1
Interfering C INTERSPUTNIK-75E-Q (75E)
I Longitudinal Tolerance 0.1

DOWNLINK
Wanted Interfering
Beam TK1 002
Group ID 96604139 105625699

Emission 27M0G1W 45K0G1X

Wanted E/S long 106.86
Wanted E/S Lat 18.85
Topocentric angle 3.73
Wanted E/s sidelobe pattern A-25log() A=29
Frequency (MHZ) 12585

Carrier Interference
Ps Ps
Gs Gs
ES relative to wanted beam peak -4 ES relative to interfering beam peak -1.58
FSL -205.82 FSL -205.87
Ges Wanted Ges()
BW(Hz) 45000
BW(Hz)
Tes

Carrier Interference
Noise
C/N N=kTB
C/I basic
adj factor
After taking into consideration adjustment
C/I adj
factor or multiple carriers
C/I req'd C/N+12.2
Margin 2
to add 1.87 Sect B3 ROP Attachment2 para5
Exercise 1 Interference from Digital narrow to Digital wide
Wanted C THAICOM-AK2 (78.5E)
I Longitudinal Tolerance 0.1

Interfering INTERSPUTNIK-75E-Q (75E) Longitudinal Tolerance 0.1

DOWNLINK
Wanted Interfering
Beam TK1 Slide 6 002 Slide 7
Slide 6
Group ID 96604139 105625699 Slide 7
Slide 6
Emission 27M0G1W Slide 17 Slide 18 45K0G1X Slide 7
Wanted E/S long 106.86 Slide 8
Slide 8
Wanted E/S Lat 18.85
Topocentric angle 3.73 Slide 5
Slide 6
Wanted E/s sidelobe pattern A-25log() A=29
Slide 6
Frequency (MHZ) 12585

Carrier Interference
Slide 6
Ps 15.1 Ps -16.6 Slide 7
Slide 6 Slide 7
Gs 38.9 Gs 37
Slide Slide 10&11
ES relative to wanted beam peak -4 10&11 ES relative to interfering beam peak -1.58
Slide Slide 13&14
FSL -205.82 13&14 FSL -205.87
Slide 6 Slide 6
Ges 40 Wanted Ges() 14.71
Slide 6
BW(Hz) 45000
BW(Hz) 27000000
Slide 6
Tes 200
3

Slide15&16 Slide15&16
Emission 27M0G1W Slide 17 Slide 18 45K0G1X Slide 7
Wanted E/S long 106.86 Slide 8
Slide 8
Wanted E/S Lat 18.85
Topocentric angle 3.73 Slide 5
Slide 6
Wanted E/s sidelobe pattern A-25log() A=29
Slide 6
Frequency (MHZ) 12585

Carrier Interference
Slide 6
Ps 15.1 Ps -16.6 Slide 7
Slide 6 Slide 7
Gs 38.9 Gs 37
Slide 10&11
ES relative to wanted beam peak -4 Slide 10&11 ES relative to interfering beam peak -1.58
Slide 13&14
FSL -205.82 Slide 13&14 FSL -205.87
Slide 6 Slide 6
Ges 40 Wanted Ges() 14.71
Slide 6 BW(Hz)
BW(Hz) 27000000 45000
Slide 6
Tes 200

Slide15&16 Slide15&16
Carrier -115.82 Interference -172.34
Slide15&16
Noise -131.28 N=kTB
Slide15&16
C/N 15.46
C/I basic 56.52 Slide19&20
adj factor 27.78 Slide21-24 After taking into consideration adjustment
factor or multiple carriers
C/I adj 28.74
C/I req'd 27.66 Slide25 C/N+12.2
Margin 1.09 Slide26 Solution 4
to add 1.87 2.96 Slide29 Sect B3 ROP Attachment2 para5
Topocentric Angular Separat Between Two Satellites
(Annex I of AP8)
t = arc cos d12+d22 - (84332 sin (g/2))2

2d1.d2

Where
d1 and d2 are the distances (km),
from earth station to the two
satellites separately
g is the geocentric angular
separation in degrees between
the two satellites, taking the
longitudinal station-keeping
tolerances into account
Form
5
Wanted

6
Form
Form
7
 THAICOM-AK2 Transmit Beam TK1

Service area = -4dB

8
Form
 INTERSPUTNIK-75E-Q Transmit Beam 002

Service area = -6dB

Form
9
Form

10
Form

11
 Finding C/I Required
Calculate C/N P Sat Max
G() Rx Sat
B (↓ Emiss)
T Sat
G() Tx Sat

P ES Max FSL (↑ Freq) FSL (↓ Freq)

B (↑ Emiss) G Rx ES Max
G Tx ES Max T ES

Maximum Peak Power PMax C8a1/C8b1

Necessary Bandwidth of Emission B C7a
Maximum Earth Station Antenna Gain GES Max C10d3
Free Space Loss (assigned frequency) FSL C2a1 Appendix
Off-axis Satellite Antenna Gain G()Sat B3a + B3b 4
Receiver System Noise Temperature T C5a/C10d6
Service Area C11a
Form 12
 Free Space Loss (Annex II of AP8)
FSL = 20 (log f + log d ) + 32.45 dB
where :
f : frequency (mHz)
d : distance (km)
where:
d = 42644(1-0.2954.cos)0.5

where:
cos= cos x cos 
where :

 = latitude of earth station

 = difference in longitude btw satellite and earth station

Form
13
 Free Space Loss (Annex II of AP8)
FSL = 20 (log f + log d ) + 32.45 dB
where : example
f : 12585 (MHz)
d : 36000 (km)

FSL = 205.6 dB

Form
14
 Finding C/I Required

Calculate C/N P Sat Max

G() Rx Sat
B (↓ Emiss)
T Sat
G() Tx Sat

P ES Max FSL (↑ Freq) FSL (↓ Freq)

B (↑ Emiss) G Rx ES Max
G Tx ES Max T ES

Uplink C/N
C/N ↑ = PES Max+ GTx ES Max+ G()Rx Sat- FSL(↑ Freq)- (k + TSat + B(↑ Emiss)) (dB)

Downlink C/N
C/N ↓ = PSat Max+ G()Tx Sat+ GRx ES Max- FSL(↓ Freq)- (k + TES + B(↓ Emiss)) (dB)

Form2 15
 Finding C/I Required

Calculate C/N P Sat Max

G() Rx Sat
B (↓ Emiss)
T Sat
G() Tx Sat

P ES Max FSL (↑ Freq) FSL (↓ Freq)

B (↑ Emiss) G Rx ES Max
G Tx ES Max T ES

Uplink C/N
C/N ↑ = PES Max+ GTx ES Max+ G()Rx Sat- FSL(↑ Freq)- (k + TSat + B(↑ Emiss)) (dB)

Downlink C/N
C /N↓ = 15.1+ (38.9-4)+ 40- 205.82-(-228.6+10log(200)+10log(27000000))
= -115.82 - ( -131.28)
= 15.46 dB Form2 16
 27M0G1W

Bandwith of wanted
Carrier 27.0 MHz Carrier=Digital

Form 17
 45K0G1W

Bandwith of wanted
Carrier 45.0 kHz Carrier=Digital

Form
18
 Finding C/I

Calculate C/I basic

P’ Sat Max P Sat Max
G’(f) Tx Sat G() Tx Sat

FSL’ (↓ Freq) FSL (↓ Freq)

’

G(’) Rx ES G Rx ES Max

C ↓ = P Sat Max + G() Tx Sat + G Rx ES Max – FSL(↓ Freq) (dBW)

I ↓ = P’ Sat Max + G’(f) Tx Sat + G(’) Rx ES – FSL’(↓ Freq) (dBW)

C/I ↓ = C ↓ - I ↓ (dB)

Form2 19
Source: ITU-R S.740
 Finding C/I

Calculate C/I basic

P’ Sat Max P Sat Max
G’(f) Tx Sat G() Tx Sat

FSL’ (↓ Freq) FSL (↓ Freq)

’

G(’) Rx ES G Rx ES Max

C ↓ = 15.1 + (38.9-4) + 40 –205.82 (dBW)

I ↓ = -16.6 + (37-1.58) + 14.71 – 205.87 (dBW)

C/I ↓ = -115.82-(-172.34)
= 56.52
Form2 20
Source: ITU-R S.740
 Finding C/I

Get Adjustment Factor

Wanted Analogue
Digital (Other than Other TV/FM
Interfering TV/FM)

Digital
METHOD 1: Wanted Bandwidth (BW) to Interfering BW
Overlapping Ratio Adjustment

METHOD 1: Co-freq.
TV/FM
METHOD 2: METHOD 3: Non co-freq.
Wanted BW to (Relative Protection Ratio)
Interfering Equivalent BW
Analogue
Overlapping Ratio
(Other than
Adjustment METHOD 2
TV/FM)
Other
Source: Table 1 in Section B3 of Rules of Procedures, ITU-R S.741-2
Form2
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 Finding C/I

Get Adjustment Factor

Method 1:
BWw

BW: Necessary
Wanted Signal Bandwidth (Hz)

Interfering Signal

BWi
Ia = 10log10 (BWoverlap / BWi)
= 10log10 (BWi / BWi)
= 0 = No Improvement! Form2
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 Finding C/I
Multiple interfering narrowband carriers

Wanted Signal

Interfering Signal

• Interfering transponder fully loaded with N

narrowband carriers
• N is maximized by transponder bandwidth (item
C.3.a of Appendix 4) = 36000 MHz and maximum
total peak power (item C.8.d.1)
Form2
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Finding C/I
Multiple interfering narrowband carriers

• Interfering transponder fully loaded with N

narrowband carriers
• N is maximized by transponder bandwidth (item
C.3.a of Appendix 4) = 36000 MHz and maximum
total peak power (item C.8.d.1) = 18 dBW
• Total power = -16.6+27.78=11.18 dBW

• 10*log(27000000/45000)=27.78

Form2
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 Finding C/I Required
Interfering Analogue
TV/FM or Other Digital (Other than
Wanted TV/FM)

TV/FM C/N + 14 (dB)

If BWw <= BWeqi then

C/N + 12.2 (dB)
Digital C/N + 5.5 + 3.5*log(BWw) (dB)
=15.46+12.2
else if BWw > BWeqi then
=27.66
C/N + 12.2 (dB)
Analogue
(Other than 11.4 + 2*log (BWw) (dB) C/N + 12.2 (dB)
TV/FM)
Other 11.4 + 2*log (BWw) (dB) C/N + 14 (dB)
Source: Table 2 in Section B3 of Rules of Procedures, ITU-R S.741-2
BWw: Necessary bandwidth of wanted carrier (MHz)
BWeqi: Equivalent bandwidth of interfering carrier (MHz) Form2
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C/N: Carrier to Noise ratio (dB)
 Finding C/I
Margin = 56.39 – C/Irequired (dB)
Margin = C/I – C/Irequired (dB)

C/I: Carrier to Interference (dB)

C/I = C/Ib - Ia

1. C/Ib: Basic calculated C/I (dB)

2. Ia: Interference adjustment factor (dB)
Form2
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Form2
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 Finding C/I

Calculate C/I basic

P’ Sat Max P Sat Max
G’(f) Tx Sat G() Tx Sat

FSL’ (↓ Freq) FSL (↓ Freq)

’

G(’) Rx ES G Rx ES Max
• FSL(↓ Freq) (205.82) ≈– FSL’(↓ Freq) (205.82)

C ↓ = P Sat Max + G() Tx Sat + G Rx ES Max – FSL(↓ Freq) (dBW)

I ↓ = P’ Sat Max + G’(f) Tx Sat + G(’) Rx ES – FSL’(↓ Freq) (dBW)

C/I ↓ = C ↓ - I ↓ (dB)
• topocentric ≈ geocentric plus agreed factor of
improvement
Form2
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Source: ITU-R S.740
 Section B3, Part B of the Rules of
Procedure

• C/N defined as “ratio (dB) of carrier to total noise power

which includes all internal system noise and interference from
other systems in REC ITU-R S.741-2
• No. 1.174 noise temperature excludes “the noise due to
interference coming from satellite links using other satellites
and from terrestrial system”
• To comply with definition, an additional margin will be added
to the margins calculated on the basis of the internal system
noise temperature (Attachment 2 of ROP)
• Wanted Analog TV emissions – 0.46 dB
• Other Wanted emissions – 1.87 dB
Form2
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