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2005中科院高量考题

This document contains 7 practice problems in quantum mechanics. Problem 1 involves representing operators in a ket space basis and determining if they commute. Problem 2 constructs the propagator for a simple harmonic oscillator using Feynman's path integral approach. Problem 3 determines the number of parameters needed to characterize the density matrix of a spin 1 system. Problem 4 identifies which pairs of operators commute. Problem 5 solves a two-state Hamiltonian system using exact and perturbation theories. Problem 6 constructs spin states for interacting spin 1 particles. Problem 7 proves an expression for the total scattering cross section by integrating the differential cross section from the Born approximation.

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83 views3 pages

2005中科院高量考题

This document contains 7 practice problems in quantum mechanics. Problem 1 involves representing operators in a ket space basis and determining if they commute. Problem 2 constructs the propagator for a simple harmonic oscillator using Feynman's path integral approach. Problem 3 determines the number of parameters needed to characterize the density matrix of a spin 1 system. Problem 4 identifies which pairs of operators commute. Problem 5 solves a two-state Hamiltonian system using exact and perturbation theories. Problem 6 constructs spin states for interacting spin 1 particles. Problem 7 proves an expression for the total scattering cross section by integrating the differential cross section from the Born approximation.

Uploaded by

sijian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2005-2006 学年高等量子力学试题

1. Consider a three-dimensional ket space. If a certain set of orthonormal kets,


say, 1 , 2 , and 3 , are used as the base kets, the operators A and B are

represented by
⎛a 0 0 ⎞ ⎛b 0 0 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
A = ⎜0 − a 0 ⎟ B = ⎜ 0 0 − ib ⎟
⎜0 0 − a⎟ ⎜ 0 ib 0 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
with a and b both real.
a. Obviously A exhibits a degenerate spectrum. Does B also exhibit a
degenerate spectrum?
b. Show that A and B commute.
c. Find a new set of orthonormal kets which are simultaneous eigenkets of
both A and B. Specify the eigenvalues of A and B for each of the three
eigenkets. Does your specification of eigenvalues completely characterize
each eigenket?

2. a. Write down an expression for the classical action for a simple harmonic
oscillator for a finite time interval.
b. Construct x n , t n x n −1 , t n −1 for a simple harmonic oscillator using

Feynman’s prescription for t n − t n −1 = ∆t small. Keeping only terms up to

order ( ∆t ) 2 , show that it is in complete agreement with the t - t 0 → 0 limit of

the propagator given by


mω
K ( x′′, t ; x′, t0 ) = ×
2π i= sin [ω (t − t0 ) ]

⎡ ⎧⎪ imω ⎫⎪ ⎤
exp ⎢ ⎨ ⎬ × {( x′′ + x′ ) cos [ω (t − t0 )] − 2 x′′x′}⎥
2 2

⎣⎢ ⎩⎪ 2= sin [ω (t − t0 )] ⎭⎪ ⎦⎥

⎡ i t n dtL ( x , x ) ⎤
x n , t n x n −1 , t n − 1 =
m ∫
exp ⎢⎢ n −1
t classical
⎥
Note: 2π i = ∆ t = ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦

3. Consider an ensemble of spin 1 systems. The density matrix is now a 3 × 3


matrix. How many independent (real) parameters are needed to characterize
the density matrix? What must we know in addition to [S x ], [S y ], and [S z ] to

characterize the ensemble completely? Solve the density matrix in terms of


these known quantities.
4. Let Td denote the translation operator (displacement vector d); D ( nˆ , φ )

the rotation operator ( n̂ and φ are the axis and angle of rotation,
respectively); and π the parity operator. Which, if any, of the following
pairs commute? Why?

a. Td and Td ′ ( d and d ′ in different directions)

b. D ( nˆ , φ ) and D(nˆ ′, φ ′) ( n̂ and n̂′ in different directions)

c. Td and π.

d. D ( nˆ , φ ) and π .

5. The Hamiltonian matrix for a two–state system can be written as


⎛ E10 λ∆ ⎞
H =⎜ 0⎟
⎝ λ∆ E2 ⎠
Clearly the energy eigenfunctions for the unperturbed problems ( λ =0) are
given by
⎛1⎞ ⎛0⎞
φ 1( 0 ) = ⎜ ⎟ φ 2( 0 ) = ⎜ ⎟
⎝0⎠ ⎝1⎠
a. Solve this problem exactly to find the energy eigenfunctions ψ 1 and ψ 2

and the energy eigenvalues E1 and E2 .

b. Assuming that λ ∆  E10 − E20 , solve the same problem using


time–independent perturbation theory up to first order in the energy
eigenfunction and up to second order in the energy eigenvalues. Compare with
the exact results obtained in (a).
c. Suppose the exact two unperturbed energies are “almost degenerate,”

that is, E10 − E20  λ ∆


Show that the exact results obtained in (a) closely resemble what you would
0
expect by applying degenerate perturbation theory to this problem with E 1 set

exactly equal to E 20 .
6. Consider three weakly interacting, identical spin 1 particals .
a. Suppose the space part of the state vector of known to be symmetric under
interchange of any pair . Using notation + 0 + for particle 1 in

m s =+1, particle 2 in m s =0, particle 3 in m s = +1, and so on, construct the

normalized spin states in the following three cases:


(ⅰ) All three of them in + .

(ⅱ) Two of them in + , one in 0 .

(ⅲ) All three in different spin states.


What is the total spin in each case?
b. Attempt to do the same problem when the space part is antisymmetric
under interchange of any pair.

7. Prove

sin 2 k x − x ′
σ tot = m2
∫ d x∫ d x ′V ( x )V ( x ′)
3 3
π =4
k 2 x − x′
2

By integrating the differential cross section computed using the first-order


Born approximation.

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