Tenses in English PDF by Ajay Sir Accent Hisar

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Tenses(English) by Ajay Sir

BASICS OF TENSES FOR BEGINNERS…………….

Simple Present Tense (Present Indefinite)

Simple Present Tense sentences include happening of work in present time.
Affirmative Sentences
Rule 1: Singular Subject: He, She, It, any name
Subject (Single number/third person) + 1st Form of Verb + s/es
Noun Subject is also a third person.
(See Example 2 and 5)
Rule 2: Plural Subject: They, you , we, I

Subject(Plural number) + 1st Form of Verb
Rule 3: For I and You , we will not use 's' and 'es' with Verb. (See Example 1 and 3)
Note: a) Old name of Simple Present is Present Indefinite.

b) Main Form or Base Form or 1st Form of Verb remains always Plural, we make it
singular using 's' or 'es'.
Examples:
1. I learn my lesson.
2. Anna sings a sweet song.
3. You write a letter.
4. They learn their lesson.
5. He goes to school.
6. We play hockey.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person) + does not + 1st Form of Verb
Rule 2: Subject(Plural number and I, We, You, They) + do not + 1st Form of Verb
(See Example 1, 2, 5 and 6)
Rule 3: while working with 'never', we have to put never before verb and there is
no use of do and does in the sentence.
Examples:
1. I do not learn my lesson.
2. They do not play hockey.
3. He does not write a letter.
4. Anna does not sing a sweet song.
5. You do not go to school.
6. We do not read our books.
7. He never tells a lie.
Interrogative Sentences
Rule 1: does + Subject (Single number/third person) + 1st Form of Verb

Rule 2: do + Subject(Plural number and I, We, You, They) + 1st Form of Verb
(See Example 2)
Rule 3: when/why/what + do/does + Subject + 1st Form of Verb(See Example 4 and

6)
Rule 4: 'how much' or 'how many' or 'which' also used with their related nouns.(See
Example 5 and 7)
Rule 5: If any interrogative word works like a subject then we have to write it first
then carry on with verb without using do or does. (See Example 8)
Rule 6: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative sentences.

Who + do/does + subject + not + object
(See example 9 and 10)
Rule 7: Must put Question Mark (?) in the end of sentence.
Examples:
1. Does he read a book?
2. Do i give you a pen?
3. Does your mother love you?
4. Why does she come here?
5. Which book do you want?
6. When does he go to school?
7. How many pencils do they want?
8. Who comes to your house daily?
9. Does she not write a letter?
10. Who does not like milk?
Present Continuous Tense

It is used to express a continued or ongoing action at present time. It expresses an
action which is in progress at the time of speaking.
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/He,She,It) + is + (1st Form of Verb +
ing) + Object (See Examples 1,3,4)
Rule 2: Subject (Plural number/You,We,They) + are + (1st Form of Verb + ing) +

Object (See Examples 2,5)
Rule 3: I + am + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object (See Example 6)
Examples:
1. John is writing a letter.
2. The girls are going to school.
3. The carpenter is making a chair.
4. He is running in the field.
5. The boys are playing a football match.
6. I am singing a song.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + is/are/am + not +
(1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object
Examples:
1. I am not going to London.
2. She is not playing with her doll.
3. The cow is not grazing grass.
4. They are not going to market.
Rule 1: Is/Are/Am + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + (1st
Form of Verb + ing) + Object
(See Examples 1, 2)
Rule 2: when/why/what/where + is/are/am + Subject + (1st Form of Verb + ing) +

Object (See Example 5)
Rule 3: how much/how many/whose/which also used with their related nouns.(See
Examples 6,8,9)
Rule 4: If any interrogative word works like a subject then write it first then carry
on with is/are/am + (1st form of verb + ing) (See Example 10)
Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative

sentences with only use of not after subject.
Is/Are/Am + subject + not + (1st form of verb + ing)
(See example 3,4)
Examples:
1. Are the girls reading in the room?
2. Is the sun rising in the sky?
3. Am I not writing a letter?
4. Are you not going to school today?
5. Why are you going there?
6. Whose book is he reading now?
7. What are you doing in the room?
8. How many girls are taking part in the drama?
9. How much milk is the child drinking?
10. Who is beating your servant?
Present Perfect Tense

It is used to expressed an action which happened or completed in the current time
or usually the action which happened or completed in the present time.
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/He,She,It) + has + 3rd Form of Verb +
Object
Rule 2: Subject (Plural number/I, You, We, They) + have + 1st Form of Verb +
Object
Examples:
1. John has gone to school.
2. I have sent a letter to him.
3. You have broken his plate.
4. He has killed a snake.
5. They have learnt all their lessons.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + has/have + not +
3rd Form of Verb + Object
Examples:
1. She has not sung the song.
2. The carpenter has not made the chair.
3. I have not read your letter.
4. They have not sold the horse.
5. We have not seen such an animal.
Rule 1: Has/Have + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + 3rd

Form of Verb + Object
(See Examples 1, 2,3)
Rule 2: when/why/what/where + has/have + Subject + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

(See Example 7,8)
Examples 5)
on with has/have + 3rd form of verb (See Example 6)

Has/Have + subject + not + 3rd form of verb
(See example 3,4)
Examples:
1. Has he sold his cow?
2. Have you learnt your lesson?
3. Have I not caught a thief?
4. Why have you not read this book?
5. How many boys have come today?
6. Who has not brought his book?
7. Where has the boy run away?

8. How have they done this?
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

It is used to express a continued or on-going action that started in past and is
continued until now. There will be a time reference, such as “since 1989, for two
hours etc.” from which the action has been started.
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/He, She, It) + has been + (1st Form of
Verb + ing) + Object + Time reference (See Examples 1,2,3)
Rule 2: Subject (Plural number/I, You, We, They) + have been + (1st Form of Verb
+ ing) + Object + Time reference (See Examples 4,5)
Rule 3: Use 'for' or 'since' for showing time reference. 'Since' is for 'Point of Time'.
eg. since Tuesday, since 1998, since morning, since 4 o'clock etc.
Rule 4: Use 'for' for 'Period of Time'. eg. for two days, for three months, for five
hours etc.
Examples:
1. Sam has been reading this book for two hours.
2. The girl has been sleeping since morning.
3. He has been living in this house since January.
4. We have been working in this department for two months.
5. I have been washing clothes since five in the morning.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + has/have + not +
been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object + Time Reference
Examples:
1. She has not been reading for two days.
2. Rahul has not been teaching me for two years.
3. I have not been suffering from fever since Monday.
Rule 1: Has/Have + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + been +

(1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object + Time reference
(See Examples 1, 2)
Rule 2: when/why/what/where + has/have + Subject + been + (1st Form of Verb +

ing) + Object + Time reference (See Examples 5, 6)

Examples 4, 7)
on with has/have + been + (1st form of verb + ing) + Object + Time Reference (See
Example 8)

Has/Have + subject + not + been + (1st form of verb + ing) + Object + Time
Reference
(See example 3)
Examples:
1. Has he been doing his work for three hours ?
2. Have they been helping me for many years ?
3. Have I not been reading my book since morning ?
4. How many boys have been living in this house for one year ?
5. What have you been doing here for two days ?
6. Why have they been wasting their time since July?
7. Which book has the teacher been teaching since Friday ?
8. Who has been waiting for you since evening ?
PAST
Simple Past Tense sentences include happening of work in past time.
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + 2nd Form of Verb
(See Example 1 to 6)
Rule 2: Different number of subject can not change verb.
Examples:
1. He gave me a pen yesterday.
2. I lived in this house.
3. Joe went to New York to see his father yesterday.
4. We learnt our lesson.
5. She wrote a letter to her father.
6. The carpenter made a chair.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + did not + 1st Form
of Verb
(See Example 1,2,4 and 5)

Rule 2: while working with 'never', we have to put never before '2nd form of verb'
and there is no use of 'did not' in the sentence. (See Example 3)
Examples:
1. I did not learn my lesson.
2. They did not play hockey.
3. I never came late.
4. Anna did not sing a sweet song.
5. You did not go to school.
Rule 1: Did + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + 1st Form of
Verb
(See Example 1, 2 and 3)
Rule 2: when/why/what/where + did + Subject + 1st Form of Verb(See Example 7

and 8)
Rule 3: 'how much' or 'how many' or 'whose' also used with their related nouns.(See
Example 6, 9 and 10)
Rule 4: If any interrogative word works like a subject then we have to write it first
then carry on with 2nd form of verb without using did. (See Example 11)
Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative sentences.

Why + did + subject + not + object
(See example 3, 4, 5)
Examples:
1. Did he read a book?
2. Did i give you a pen?
3. Did your mother not love you?
4. Did she not come here?
5. Why did you not run with me?
6. Whose book did you read in the class-room?
7. Where did your brother go yesterday?
8. When did romy return?
9. How many boys did not come to the class?
10. How much milk did that baby drink?
11. Who came to your house yesterday?
Past Continuous Tense

It is used to express a continued or on-going action in past, an ongoing action
which occurred in past and completed at some point in past.
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/He,She,It) + was + (1st Form of Verb
+ ing) + Object (See Examples 1,5)
Rule 2: Subject (Plural number/You,We,They) + were + (1st Form of Verb + ing) +

Object (See Examples 2,3,4)
Examples:
1. I was reading my book.
2. They were playing football.
3. We were learning our lesson.
4. You were calling my servant.
5. She was calling a sweet song.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + was/were + not +
(1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object
Examples:
1. I was not going to London.
2. She was not playing with her doll.
3. The cow was not grazing grass.
4. They were not going to market.
Rule 1: Was/Were + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + (1st
Form of Verb + ing) + Object
(See Examples 1,2,4)
Rule 2: when/why/what/where + was/were + Subject + (1st Form of Verb + ing) +

Object (See Example 6,7)
Examples 5)
on with was/were + (1st form of verb + ing) (See Example 8)

Was/Were + subject + not + (1st form of verb + ing)
(See example 3,6)
Examples:
1. Were we going to the market?
2. Was John abusing his servant?
3. Were those boys not making a noise?
4. Was I not going with you?
5. How many boys were playing in the field?
6. Why was the farmer not ploughing his field?
7. What was he doing in the room?
8. Who was weeping in the class?
Past Perfect Tense:

It is used to expressed an action which happened or completed in the past time or
usually the two actions which happened or completed one by one in the past time.
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + had + 3rd Form of
Verb + Object
Rule 2: Where ever you'll see the use of 'before' in combining the two past
sentences of this tense, the action which would be completed before would be in
'Past Perfect Tense' and the action completed after would be in 'Past Simple
Tense'. (see examples 1,2,3)
Rule 2: Where ever you'll see the use of 'After' in combining the two past
sentences of this tense, the action which would be completed after would be
'Principal Clause' in 'Past Simple Tense' and the action completed before would be
'Subordinate clause' in 'Past Perfect Tense'. (see examples 4)
Examples:
1. We had reached home before it rained.
2. The train had started before I reached the station.
3. She had read her book before she slept.
4. John went to school after he had learnt his lesson.
5. I had already heard this news.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + had + not + 3rd
Form of Verb + Object
Examples:
1. I had not seen this house before.
2. The patient had not died before the doctor came.
3. The thief had not run away before the police came.
4. The teacher had not finished the course before the examination began.
Rule 1: Had + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + 3rd Form of

Verb + Object
(See Examples 1, 2,3)
Rule 2: when/why/what/where + had + Subject + 3rd Form of Verb + Object (See

Example 6)
Examples 4, 5)


Had + subject + not + 3rd form of verb

(See example 3)
Examples:
1. Had the bell rung before I reached the school?
2. Had they taken tea before the sun rose?
3. Had we not reached the bus-stand before the bus started?
4. How many children had slept before sunset?
5. Which song had that girl sung before we came?
6. Why had you written a letter before I slept?
7. What did the patient eat after the doctor had gone?
Past Perfect Continuous Tense

It is used to express a continued or on-going action that started in past and
continued until sometime in past.
There will be a time reference, such as “since 1989, for two hours etc”.
Rule 1: Subject + had been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object + Time reference
(See Examples 1,2,3)
hours etc.
Examples:
1. Seema had been playing with her dolls since morning.
2. They had been waiting for me for five hours.
3. Those women had been washing their clothes for three hours.
Negative Sentences
Rule : Subject + had + not + been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object + Time
Reference
Examples:
1. She had not been reading for two days.
2. Rahul had not been teaching me for two years.
3. I had not been suffering from fever since Monday.
Rule 1: Had + Subject + been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object + Time reference
(See Examples 1, 2)
Rule 2: When/Why/What/Where + had + Subject + been + (1st Form of Verb + ing)

+ Object + Time reference (See Example 4)

Rule 3: How much/How many/Whose/Which also used with their related

nouns.(See Example 3)

Had + subject + not + been + (1st form of verb + ing) + Object + Time Reference
(See example 2)
Examples:
1. Had he been doing his work for three hours ?
2. Had they not been helping me for many years ?
3. How many players had been playing the match since morning ?
4. Why had the dogs been running for an year ?
FUTURE
Simple Future Tense (Future Indefinite)
Simple Past Tense sentences include happening of work in Future time.
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + will + 1st Form of
Verb (See Examples 3 to 5)
Rule 2: I or We + shall + 1st Form of Verb(See Examples 1, 2)
Examples:
1. I shall write a letter.
2. We shall go to school tomorrow.
3. You will read a book.
4. His father will come from Delhi tomorrow.
5. These boys will play a football match on Monday.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + will not + 1st Form
of Verb (See Examples 2, 3)
Rule 2: I or We + shall not + 1st Form of Verb(See Examples 1, 4)

Examples:
1. I shall not go to Aligarh tomorrow.
2. The boys will not sleep during the day.
3. You will not read the book.
4. We shall not play a hockey match tomorrow.
Rule 1: Shall/Will + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + 1st
Form of Verb
(See Examples 1, 2)

Rule 2: when/why/what/where + shall/will + Subject + 1st Form of Verb(See

Example 6)
Examples 4, 5 and 8)
on with shall/will + 1st form of verb(See Example 7)

Shall/Will + subject + not + 1st form of verb
(See example 3)
Examples:
1. Will he give you some pens?
2. Will they eat mangoes?
3. Will your brother not come tomorrow?
4. Which song will Maria sing?
5. How many books will he buy?
6. Where shall we go tomorrow?
7. Who will beat your son?
8. Whose table will he break?
Future Continuous Tense

It is used to express a continued or an ongoing action in future.
Rule 1: I,We + Shall be + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object (See Examples 1,5)
Rule 2: Subject(Other than I,We) + will be + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object (See
Examples 2,3,4)
Examples:
1. I shall be reading my book.
2. They will be playing football.
3. He will be learning lesson.
4. You will be calling my servant.
5. We shall be coming to your house.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject + will/shall + not + be + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object
Examples:
1. I shall not be going to London.
2. She will not be playing with her doll.
3. The cow will not be grazing grass.

4. They will not be going to market.

5. We shall not be throwing a ball.
Rule 1: Will/Shall + Subject + be + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object

(See Examples 1,2)
Rule 2: when/why/what/where + will/shall + Subject + be + (1st Form of Verb +

ing) + Object (See Example 4)
Example 6)
on with will be/shall be + (1st form of verb + ing) (See Example 7)

Will/Shall + subject + not + + be + (1st form of verb + ing)
(See example 3,5)
Examples:
1. Will he be going to the market?
2. Shall I be going to village on foot?
3. Will that child not be making a noise?
4. Where will your father be going tomorrow?
5. Why will he not be reading his book?
6. How many boys will be sleeping in the room?
7. Who will be playing in the field?
8. Who will be coming to school now?
Future Perfect Tense:

It is used to express an action which will occur in future and is thought to be
completed in future.
Rule 1: Subject + will have/shall have + 3rd Form of Verb + Object
Rule 2: Where ever you'll see the use of the two sentences in this tense, the
action which would be completed first would be in 'Future Perfect Tense' and the
action completed after would be in 'Present Simple Tense'.
Note: always use shall with I or We.
Examples:
1. He will have learnt his lesson before you come.
2. We shall have taken our food before it is seven.
3. They will have played the match before the sun sets.
4. I shall have read my book before you come.
Negative Sentences
Rule: Subject + will/shall + not + have + 3rd Form of Verb + Object
Examples:
1. She will not have written the letter before Hari comes.
2. The child will not have drunk milk before he sleeps.
3. I shall not have finished my work before the teacher comes.
Rule 1: Will/Shall + Subject + have + 3rd Form of Verb + Object (See Examples 1,
2)
Rule 2: when/why/what/where + will/shall + Subject + have + 3rd Form of Verb +

Object (See Example 5)
Example 3)

Will/Shall + subject + not + have + 3rd form of verb
(See example 2)
Examples:
1. Will the boys have played the match before it is seven?
2. Shall we not have taken the tickets before the train arrives?
3. How many boys will have come here before the sun sets?
4. Who will have punished your son before the teacher comes?
5. Where will he have gone before it rains?
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Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

It is used to express a continued or on-going action that will start in future and is
thought to be continued till sometime in future. There will be a time reference,
such as “since 1989, for two hours etc”.
Rule 1: Subject (I, We) + shall have been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object +
Time reference
Rule 2: Subject (other than I, We) + will have been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) +
Object + Time reference
hours etc.

Examples:
1. They will have been playing for two hours.
2. The girl will have been sleeping since morning.
3. We shall have been working in this department for two months.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject + will have/shall have + not + been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) +
Object + Time Reference
Examples:
1. She will not have been reading for two days.
2. I shall not have been suffering from fever since Monday.
Rule 1: Will/Shall + Subject + have + been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object +
Time reference
(See Examples 1, 2)
Rule 2: When/Why/What/Where + will/shall + Subject + have + been + (1st Form

of Verb + ing) + Object + Time reference (See Examples 4, 6)
Rule 3: How much/How many/Whose/Which also used with their related

nouns.(See Example 5)

Will/Shall + subject + not + have + been + (1st form of verb + ing) + Object + Time
Reference
(See example 3)
Examples:
1. Shall we have been waiting for him since morning ?
2. Will that lazy boy have been sleeping for two hours ?
3. Will you not have been reading for two days ?
4. Why will they have been wasting their time since 5 o'clock ?
5. How many boys will have been making a noise since noon ?
6. Where will the boys have been playing since 2 o'clock ?


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ACCENT COACHING INSTITUTE HISAR, Contact: 96716-39776, 95410-79129

Downloaded from: www.accentconcept.com English by Ajay Sharma

Tenses(English) by Ajay Sir

ACCENT COACHING INSTITUTE HISAR, Contact: 96716-39776, 95410-79129

Simple Present Tense (Present Indefinite)

Rule 2: Plural Subject: They, you , we, I

Note: a) Old name of Simple Present is Present Indefinite.

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Rule 3: when/why/what + do/does + Subject + 1st Form of Verb(See Example 4 and

Rule 6: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative sentences.

Rule 7: Must put Question Mark (?) in the end of sentence.

Present Continuous Tense

Rule 2: Subject (Plural number/You,We,They) + are + (1st Form of Verb + ing) +

Rule 3: I + am + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object (See Example 6)

Rule 2: when/why/what/where + is/are/am + Subject + (1st Form of Verb + ing) +

Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative

Rule 6: Must put Question Mark (?) in the end of sentence.

Present Perfect Tense

Rule 1: Has/Have + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + 3rd

Rule 2: when/why/what/where + has/have + Subject + 3rd Form of Verb + Object

Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative

Rule 6: Must put Question Mark (?) in the end of sentence.

7. Where has the boy run away?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule 1: Has/Have + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + been +

Rule 2: when/why/what/where + has/have + Subject + been + (1st Form of Verb +

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Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative

Rule 6: Must put Question Mark (?) in the end of sentence.

Simple Past Tense sentences include happening of work in past time.

Rule 2: Different number of subject can not change verb.

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Rule 2: when/why/what/where + did + Subject + 1st Form of Verb(See Example 7

Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative sentences.

Rule 6: Must put Question Mark (?) in the end of sentence.

Past Continuous Tense

Rule 2: Subject (Plural number/You,We,They) + were + (1st Form of Verb + ing) +

Rule 2: when/why/what/where + was/were + Subject + (1st Form of Verb + ing) +

Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative

Rule 6: Must put Question Mark (?) in the end of sentence.

Past Perfect Tense:

Rule 1: Had + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + 3rd Form of

Rule 2: when/why/what/where + had + Subject + 3rd Form of Verb + Object (See

Rule 4: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative

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Had + subject + not + 3rd form of verb

Rule 5: Must put Question Mark (?) in the end of sentence.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Rule 2: When/Why/What/Where + had + Subject + been + (1st Form of Verb + ing)

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Rule 3: How much/How many/Whose/Which also used with their related

Rule 4: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative

Rule 5: Must put Question Mark (?) in the end of sentence.

Rule 2: I or We + shall + 1st Form of Verb(See Examples 1, 2)

Rule 2: I or We + shall not + 1st Form of Verb(See Examples 1, 4)

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Rule 2: when/why/what/where + shall/will + Subject + 1st Form of Verb(See

Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative

Rule 6: Must put Question Mark (?) in the end of sentence.