Experiment No. 1 (Edwdm Kit) : To Study The
Experiment No. 1 (Edwdm Kit) : To Study The
1 (EDWDM KIT)
3. Observations:-
(1) Wavelength versus power characterization: Here we are taking different Laser light sources
of different wavelength and observing the corresponding power. Assuming no attenuation here.
(3) FBT coupler 20/80: Here the output power at port4 will be four times of output power at
port3. Power at port 4 is coupled power.
(4) Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM): Here the wavelength λ1=1307.4 is given to port1
and the λ2 is given at port2 and these are passed through a WDM coupler which multiplexes both
waves and the corresponding outputs are observed at port3 and port4 .now these two ports are
further connected to other WDM coupler which couples the power at port3 and port4. And the
output is observed at the port5 and port6 of second coupler.
(5) Isolators: Isolators allows the power transmission in only one direction from port1 to port2.but
the reverse transmission of power is not possible.
So here we gave a input power at port1 and corresponding output at port2 is observed. Which is
in the range of input. But if we give input at port2and observe output at port1then the output is
reduced. Means transmission in only one direction is possible here.
(7) Circulators: In circulators at one time we obtain output only at one port which is successive port
to the input port. Here when the input is applied is only port1 then the output is observed at port2
and at port3 the power is very low or say it should be negligible compare to the input power .same
as the other two readings are taken.
Wavelength(nm) P1 dB P2 dB P3 dB
1307.00 Input = -1.14 Output = -4.48 Output = -64.44
1307.00 Output = -16.91 Input = -1.14 Output = -5.86
1307.00 Output = -- Output = -19.72 Input = 1.14
4. Result:- From the observation taken above we have justified the different characteristic of
the different fiber optic component and some variations are there because of the different type of
losses like bend loss, joint loss in the fiber and attenuation and the heating of the laser source to
achieve a stable output and losses at the connecting point of different points.
EXPERIMENT NO.2 (EDCOM)
1.OBJECTIVE:
1. To study LED sources and LASER sources characterization.
2.APPARATUS:
1. EDCOM kit
2. Fiber reel (Fiber type: Graded Index Multimode fiber, Size: 62.5/125/250 m)
3. ST connector
4. Patch cords
3.THEORY:
EDCOM Kit: The equipment is designed to demonstrate the principles and effects
of both attenuation and dispersion phenomena in optical fiber communication
systems. Another requirement is that the dispersion of the optical fiber link must
be sufficiently high (resulting in a low system bandwidth) to be compatible with
laboratory equipment (i.e. a 50MHz oscilloscope). Consequently, a graded index
optical fiber with non-ideal refractive index profile was chosen for the fiber link.
➀Modulation ON/OFF ➄Drive Current Displays ➈Received Power Displa
DETAILS OF EQUIPMENTS:
The OPTOSCI Fiber Optic Communications Educator Kit consists of the following
hardware elements:
(The maximum drive current and maximum modulation amplitude which can be
applied to the LED is limited internally.)
• One ST receptacled Si pin photodiode receiver with a 50Ω BNC output port. The
detected optical power (in µW) is displayed on an integral panel meter.
• A waveform generator which can be switched between a 4MHz square wave
pulse generator with a fast rise time, and a variable frequency (1 to 28 MHz) sine
wave generator. The waveform generator has a separate enable/disable switch
and the output signal is available via a 50Ω BNC output port. The output signal for
both waveforms is 10V pk-pk maximum.
• An integrated power supply (on/off switch at the rear of the unit) and all
required electrical interconnects, 50Ω BNC cables and a BNC T-piece connector.
S.NO. Current (mA) Power( W)with Power( W)with fiber Power( W)with fiber
fiber reel #1 reel #1 & ST connector reel #2 & ST connector
1. 10.0 4 4 2
2. 20.0 7 7 4
3. 30.0 10 10 5
4. 40.0 13 12 6
5. 50.0 15 15 8
6. 60.0 18 18 9
7. 70.0 20 20 10
8. 80.0 23 22 11
9. 90.0 25 24 12
10. 97.0 26 25 13
2. For LASER source.
S.NO. Current (mA) Power( W)with Power( W)with fiber Power( W)with fiber
fiber reel #1 reel #1 & ST connector reel #2 & ST connector
1. 1.0 1 1 1
2. 7.0 1 1 1
3. 13.0 1 1 1
4. 13.5 2 2 1
5. 14.6 3 3 2
6. 15.0 7 7 3
7. 15.5 16 16 6
8. 16.0 24 24 9
9. 16.5 33 32 12
10. 17.0 41 40 15
11. 17.5 49 47 18
12. 18.0 56 56 21
13. 18.5 65 64 24
14. 19.0 72 71 27
15. 19.5 80 80 30
16. 20.0 89 87 33
17. 20.6 98 97 36
4. Bandwidth Measurements:
Digitally modulate the LED transmitter and LASER transmitter (using the
square wave) and, from appropriate measurements of pulse rise times
(10% to 90%) on the oscilloscope, determine bandwidth of LED and LASER
source using this formula.
Division Division Time/Div Magnification Rise Fall
(Rise Time) (Fall Time) ( s) Time( s) Time( s)
LED 4 3 0.5 10 0.2 0.15
source(60.0
mA,18 W)
LASER 5 4 0.5 10 0.25 0.2
source(15.0
mA,104 W)
BW =0.48/τF =0.187/τR
τR = 0.39 τF
τR = Rise Time(10- 90%)
τF = Fall time(10- 90%)
bandwidth BW (LED) = .48/.15u = 3.2 MHz
bandwidth BW (laser) = .48 /.2u = 2.4 MHz
1. Power ( W) with fiber reel #1 vs Current(mA) for LED source & LASER source.
2. Power ( W) with fiber reel #1 & ST connector vs Current (mA) for LED source &
LASER source.
3. Power ( W) with fiber reel #2 & ST connector vs Current (mA) for LED source
& LASER source.
EXPERIMENT NO.3 (EDLASE KIT)
1.AIM :-
1. Output power at receiver when input is pump power from a laser source .
2. band limiting filter construction
3. measurement of feedback coupler(80-20%) input and output power
4. Measurement of feedback coupler (60-40%) input and output power.
5. Variable attenuator construction
3. OBSERVATION TABLE:-
1. Pump power VS out power:- when the input pump power from the input laser
source is switched on then the corresponding output power at output receiver is noted
down.
Pump power(mw) Power(uw) Pump power(mw) Power(uw)
2 0 1 0
4 2 3 0
6 22 40 1160
8 100 50 1160
10 237 60 1160
12 411 70 1160
14 601
16 800
18 998
20 1160
30 1160
output power(uW)
1400
1200
output power(uW)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
pump power(mW)
2. Band limiting filter:- Laser pump power input is internally connected to the band
limiting filter’s input and the output of the filter is connected to output of photo- receiver.
is given in EDFA output and Output is given at photo receiver side.
Pump power(mw) Photo receiver(uw)
0 3
10 3
15 4
25 5
36 6
45 6
53 7
(3)Feedback Coupler (80-20%):- The laser Input is connected to EDFA input and this input
is divided in two coupled Output having ratio 4:1.each of the coupled output is connected to
the photo receiver to observe the power at each node.
0 4 2
2 4 2
5 6 2
6 9 3
7 15 4
8 25 7
9 40 10
12 93 24
15 153 40
18 216 57
19 237 62
20 259 68
25 368 97
30 496 128
35 621 162
40 742 192
50 974 251
60 1160 314
(4) Feedback coupler (60-40%):- The laser Input is connected to EDFA input and
this input is divided in two coupled Output having ratio 3:2.each of the coupled
output is connected to the photo receiver to observe the power at each node.
Input(mw) 60%(uw) 40%output(uw)
0 1 1
5 3 2
10 43 29
15 119 82
20 199 139
25 285 196
30 376 260
35 478 328
40 572 390
45 657 453
50 749 515
55 842 578
60 931 640
65 1022 703
72.8 1160 801
(5) Variable attenuator: - laser pump power Input is connected to the input of the EDFA(60%-
40% feedback coupler ) and output of this EDFA is connected to the input of the variable
ATTENUATOR and its Output is connected to photo receiver side. Then the effect of the
attenuation is observed for a given input power.
INPUT POWER IS FIXED AT 40Mw.
4 1058
6 994
7 917
8 819
9 746
10 718
11 655
12 599
13 500
14 381
15 248
16 169
17 113
18 56
19 26
20 9
20.9 3
1. OBJECT:
1. TO MEASURE THE OUTPUT POWER OF THE EDFA (erbium doped fiber amplifier),
when using a 1550nm wavelength as input power source.
2. To measure the output power when using a 4.4KM long optical fiber and observe
the attenuation effect on the length of fiber.
2. APPRATUS:
1. EDAMP kit
2. Fiber reel (Fiber type single mode fiber, Size:9/125/1250um ,cut- off wavelength 1250-
1250nm,fiber length 4,4km)
3. ST connector
4. Patch cords
DETAILS OF EQUIPMENTS:
The OPTOSCI EDFA laboratory educator kit consists of the following hardware
elements:
• A connectorised erbium doped fiber amplifier lumped by a 980nm laser diode to
provide small
Signal gains in excess of 25dB. The amplifier contains two optical isolators and has
angle
Polished connectors to limit positive feedback and completely suppress oscillation (i.e.
laser
Action).
• A 1550nm DFB laser source to provide the input signals. The source has been
specially
Designed to provide signal levels in a range from approximately -40dBm up to 0dBm
(1mW)
Without degradation of its coherence properties i.e. its line width). This is required to
enable the
Investigation of small and large signal gain.
• A custom designed photodiode detection system for measuring the input signal
levels over a large (50dB) dynamic range. The unit also allows the measurement of the
amplified AC signal power super imposed on a high quasi DC level of ASE.
• Fixed 15dB In-line optical attenuator
• All of the necessary fiber cable patch cords to enable connection between the
various units of the system
.• A two channel laboratory oscilloscope with a minimum bandwidth of 20MHz.
3. OBSERVATION:-
(1) using only 1m patch cord and no input power only pump power:-
Pump power (mW) EDFA OUTPUT(db) Pump power(mw) EDFA output (db)
0 -143.7 10 -5.5
.5 -48.4 11 -3.9
1 -37.4 12 -2.9
2 -32.4 13 -1.9
3 -28.3 15 -.4
4 -24.6 15.8 0.00
5 -20.3 20 1.8
6 -15.8 25 2.0
7 -12.1 72.3 2.0
8 -9.2
9 -7
(2) using a 4.4km fiber reel ,pump power and without input power:-
Pump power (mW) EDFA OUTPUT(db) Pump power(mw) EDFA output (db)
.1 -143.6 5 -21.3
.5 -50.9 6 -16.7
.8 -40.8 7 -13.3
1 -39.4 8 -10.4
2 -33.5 9 -8
3 -29.9 10 -6.4
4 -25.9
(3) using a fiber reel(4.4km) and input power of 1550nm input source:-
4. RESULT:- We have seen the output of EDFA and observed that the output is
amplified. Here the EDFA used use a 25dB gain as the input power is increased
around 2.5 to 3 times more than the input power, pump power also seen the
effect of attenuation as the reduced power is observed at the fiber reel end is
very less than the input pump power.
EXPERIMENT NO. 5 (LIGHT RUNNER)
1.AIM :- To study the length dependence of attenuation of in the given optical fiber at different
wavelengths.
2.Apparatus:- Light runner kit (c-band lasers,850nm lasers, Inga As photo detectors, silicon photo
detector(PD5)), fiber spools of length 1km,2km,3km.
Light runner:-
3.Theory and formula:- If P1 represent the input power and P2 represent the output power and the
length of fiber is L, then attenuation in the fiber is given by,
A = -10log(P2/P1) db
5.Result:- We see as the length of the fiber increases the attenuation increases .