Panimalar Engineering College: Ec6711 - Embedded Laboratory Iv Ece-Vii Semester

Panimalar Engineering College Dept of ECE EC6711-Embedded Laboratory
PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(A CHRISTIAN MINORITY INSTITUTION)
JAISAKTHI EDUCATIONAL TRUST
ACCREDITED BY NATIONAL BOARD OF ACCREDITATION (NBA)
Bangalore Trunk Road, Varadharajapuram, Nasarathpettai,
Poonamallee, Chennai – 600 123.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
EC6711 – EMBEDDED LABORATORY
IV ECE- VII SEMESTER
2017-2018(ODD SEMESTER)
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DEPARTMENT OF ECE
VISION
To emerge as a centre of excellence in providing quality education and produce technically

competent Electronics and Communication Engineers to meet the needs of industry and Society.
MISSION
M1: To provide best facilities, infrastructure and environment to its students, researchers and
faculty members to meet the Challenges of Electronics and Communication Engineering
field.
M2: To provide quality education through effective teaching – learning process for their
future career, viz placement and higher education.
M3: To expose strong insight in the core domains with industry interaction.
M4: Prepare graduates adaptable to the changing requirements of the society through life
long learning.
PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
1. To prepare graduates to analyze, design and implement electronic circuits and systems
using the knowledge acquired from basic science and mathematics.
2. To train students with good scientific and engineering breadth so as to comprehend,
analyze, design and create novel products and solutions for real life problems.
3. To introduce the research world to the graduates so that they feel motivated for higher
studies and innovation not only in their own domain but multidisciplinary domain.
4. Prepare graduates to exhibit professionalism, ethical attitude, communication skills,
teamwork and leadership qualities in their profession and adapt to current trends by
engaging in lifelong learning.
5. To practice professionally in a collaborative, team oriented manner that embraces the
multicultural environment of today’s business world.

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES
1. Engineering Knowledge: Able to apply the knowledge of Mathematics, Science,
Engineering fundamentals and an Engineering specialization to the solution of complex
Engineering problems.
2. Problem Analysis: Able to identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex Engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
Mathematics, Natural sciences, and Engineering sciences.
3. Design / Development of solutions: Able to design solution for complex Engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate considerations for the public health and safety and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Able to use Research - based knowledge
and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Able to create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources,
and modern Engineering IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
Engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The Engineer and society: Able to apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to access societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional Engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Able to understand the impact of the professional
Engineering solutions in societal and environmental context, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Able to apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the Engineering practice.
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9. Individual and Team work: Able to function effectively as an individual, and as a
member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Able to communicate effectively on complex Engineering activities
with the Engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project Management and Finance: Able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding
of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life – long learning: Able to recognize the needs for, and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest contest of
technological change.
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
1. Graduates should demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts in the primary

area of Electronics and Communication Engineering, including: analysis of circuits
containing both active and passive components, electronic systems, control systems,
electromagnetic systems, digital systems, computer applications and communications.
2. Graduates should demonstrate the ability to utilize the mathematics and the
fundamental knowledge of Electronics and Communication Engineering to design
complex systems which may contain both software and hardware components to meet
the desired needs.
3. The graduates should be capable of excelling in Electronics and Communication
Engineering industry/Academic/Software companies through professional careers.
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SYLLABUS
EC6711 EMBEDDED LABORATORY LTPC0032
OBJECTIVES: The student should be made to:

 Learn the working of ARM processor
 Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
 Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
 Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
 Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
 Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Study of ARM evaluation system
2. Interfacing ADC and DAC.
3. Interfacing LED and PWM.
4. Interfacing real time clock and serial port.
5. Interfacing keyboard and LCD.
6. Interfacing EPROM and interrupt.
7. Mailbox.
8. Interrupt performance characteristics of ARM and FPGA.
9. Flashing of LEDS.
10. Interfacing stepper motor and temperature sensor.
11. Implementing zigbee protocol with ARM.
OUTCOMES: At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
 Write programs in ARM for a specific Application

 Interface memory and Write programs related to memory operations
 Interface A/D and D/A convertors with ARM system
 Analyze the performance of interrupt
 Write programs for interfacing keyboard, display, motor and sensor.
 Formulate a mini project using embedded system
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TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE
S.No PARTICULARS
No
1 Basics for Embedded Systems for Software Development 4
2 How to develop embedded software for LPC 1768 using Keil IDE 9
3 How to download and Run program using Flash Magic into LPC1768(Target ) 11
4 Hardware Description of ADT V1.1(Development Board) 12
5 ARM CORTEX M3 – LPC1768 13
Pin Connections and Configurations of LPC1768 with I/O Peripherals in 44

6
ADTV1.1 (Development Board)
7 RTOS on LPC1768 (Implementing Mail Box ) 47
6
LAB EXPERIMENTS
PAGE
S.No PARTICULARS
No
1 Interfacing LEDS with LPC1768 55
2 Interfacing Buzzer with LPC1768 57
3 Interfacing Switch(Digital Input and output) with LPC1768 58
4 Interfacing ADC with LPC1768 60
5 Interfacing DAC with LPC1768 62
6 Interfacing LED and PWM (RGB) with LPC1768 64
7 Interfacing Real Time Clock on Serial UART 66
8 Interfacing I2C based EEPROM with LPC1768 70
9 Interfacing LCD with LPC1768 72
10 External Interrupt of LPC1768 74
11 Interfacing Stepper Motor with LPC1768 76
12 Interfacing LM35 with LPC1768 79
13 Interfacing ZIGBEE with LPC1768 81
14 Interfacing Matrix Keyboard with LPC1768 83
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Interfacing Bluetooth module 84
2 Interfacing GSM module 86
3 Interfacing GPS module 89
ARM7 LPC2148 DEVELOPMENT BOARD 91
PYTHON PROGRAMMING PRACTICE 96
VIVA VOCE QUESTIONS 100
THE FLOWCHART SYMBOLS AND THEIR USAGE 105
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BASICS FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS SOFTWARE DEVELOPEMENT
DECIMAL BINARY HEXADECIMAL

0 0000 0
1 0001 1
2 0010 2
3 0011 3
4 0100 4
5 0101 5
6 0110 6
7 0111 7
8 1000 8
9 1001 9
10 1010 A
11 1011 B
12 1100 C
13 1101 D
14 1110 E
15 1111 F
Example
Decimal (139)10
Hexadecimal (8B)16
Binary 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
Seventh Zeroth
Sixth Fifth Fourth Third Second First
bit bit
bit bit bit bit bit bit
(MSB) (LSB)
1 BYTE(8 Bits)
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Basic C Operator
Arithmetic Operators: The following table shows all the arithmetic operators supported by the C
language. Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −
Operator Description Example

+ Adds two operands. A + B = 30
− Subtracts second operand from the first. A − B = -10
* Multiplies both operands. A * B = 200
/ Divides numerator by de-numerator. B/A=2
Modulus Operator and remainder of after an
% B%A=0
integer division.
Increment operator increases the integer value
++ A++ = 11
by one.
Decrement operator decreases the integer value
-- A-- = 9
by one.
Relational Operators: The following table shows all the relational operators supported by C.
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20 then −

Checks if the values of two operands are equal or
== (A == B) is not true.
not. If yes, then the condition becomes true.
Checks if the values of two operands are equal or
!= not. If the values are not equal, then the condition (A != B) is true.
becomes true.
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than
> the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition (A > B) is not true.
becomes true.
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the
< value of right operand. If yes, then the condition (A < B) is true.
becomes true.
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or
>= equal to the value of right operand. If yes, then the (A >= B) is not true.
condition becomes true.
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or
<= equal to the value of right operand. If yes, then the (A <= B) is true.
condition becomes true.
Logical Operators: Following table shows all the logical operators supported by C language.
Assume variable A holds 1 and variable B holds 0, then −
Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands

&& (A && B) is false.
are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two

|| operands is non-zero, then the condition becomes (A || B) is true.
true.
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Called Logical NOT Operator. It is used to reverse

! the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, !(A && B) is true.
then Logical NOT operator will make it false.
Bitwise Operators: Bitwise operators work on bits and perform bit-by-bit operation. The truth tables
for &, |, and ^ is as follows −
p q p&q p|q p^q

0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1
Assume A = 60 and B = 13 in binary format, they will be as follows −
A&B = 0000 1100
A = 0011 1100 A|B = 0011 1101
B = 0000 1101 A^B = 0011 0001
~A = 1100 0011
The following table lists the bitwise operators supported by C. Assume variable 'A' holds 60 and
variable 'B' holds 13, then −

Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it
& (A & B) = 12, i.e., 0000 1100
exists in both operands.
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either
| (A | B) = 61, i.e., 0011 1101
operand.
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one
^ (A ^ B) = 49, i.e., 0011 0001
operand but not both.
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has (~A ) = -61, i.e,. 1100 0011 in 2's
~
the effect of 'flipping' bits. complement form.
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value
<< is moved left by the number of bits specified by the A << 2 = 240 i.e., 1111 0000
right operand.
Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value
>> is moved right by the number of bits specified by the A >> 2 = 15 i.e., 0000 1111
right operand.
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Assignment Operators: The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C
language −

Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from C = A + B will assign the value
=
right side operands to left side operand of A + B to C
Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right
C += A is equivalent to C = C +
+= operand to the left operand and assign the result to
A
the left operand.
Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts the
-= right operand from the left operand and assigns the C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A
result to the left operand.
Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies the
C *= A is equivalent to C = C *
*= right operand with the left operand and assigns the
A
result to the left operand.
Divide AND assignment operator. It divides the left
/= operand with the right operand and assigns the result C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
to the left operand.
Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes
C %= A is equivalent to C = C %
%= modulus using two operands and assigns the result to
A
the left operand.
<<= Left shift AND assignment operator. C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>= Right shift AND assignment operator. C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&= Bitwise AND assignment operator. C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^= Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
|= Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator. C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2
Misc Operators &map; sizeof & ternary:Besides the operators discussed above, there are a few
other important operators including sizeof and ? : supported by the C Language.

sizeof(a), where a is integer, will return
sizeof() Returns the size of a variable.
4.
&a; returns the actual address of the
& Returns the address of a variable.
variable.
* Pointer to a variable. *a;
If Condition is true ? then value X :
?: Conditional Expression.
otherwise value Y
Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the multiplication operator has a
higher precedence than the addition operator.
For example, x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has a higher precedence
than +, so it first gets multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into 7.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest
appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.
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Operators Precedence in C: Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression

and decides how an expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for
example, the multiplication operator has a higher precedence than the addition operator.
For example, x = 7 + 3 * 2; here, x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has a higher precedence
than +, so it first gets multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into 7.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest
appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.
Category Operator Associativity

Postfix () [] -> . ++ - - Left to right
Unary + - ! ~ ++ - - (type)* & sizeof Right to left
Multiplicative */% Left to right
Additive +- Left to right
Shift << >> Left to right
Relational < <= > >= Left to right
Equality == != Left to right
Bitwise AND & Left to right
Bitwise XOR ^ Left to right
Bitwise OR | Left to right
Logical AND && Left to right
Logical OR || Left to right
Conditional ?: Right to left
Assignment = += -= *= /= %=>>= <<= &= ^= |= Right to left
Comma , Left to right
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How to develop embedded software for LPC 1768 using Keil IDE
About “Project”:
A project is a file in which Keil uVision5 stores all information related to an application. E.g. it stores
the name of ‘C’ and/or Assembler source file, memory size to be used and other options for compiler,
assembler and linker.
Opening a project:
To open an existing project file, select Project / Open Project from the menu.
Creating a new project:

To create a new project, select Project / New uVision Project from the menu.
Closing project settings:

To close the project, select Project / Close Project from the menu.
Procedure
Start the Keil uVision5 program (i.e. the Integrated Development Environment) from
Step 1
start\Programs\Keil uVision5.
Step 2 From Project menu, select Close project (if any project is open).
From Project menu, select New Project. The Open dialog window will be displayed.Select
the desired path where you wish to create this new project. (For example, C:\SPJ).
Step 3 CAUTION: The path and filename must not contain space or other special characters such
as tab, comma, semicolon etc. In the “File name” field, type the name of the project, without
any extension. For example, you may type “PROG1”. Then click on the “Open” button.
The action in the previous step will display the “Select device for Target ‘Target 1’ ”
dialog window. Here you have to select the micro-controller you are going to use. The target
microcontroller (must be a member of ARM family) is known, You have to load “Legacy
Device Database (RTE)” and then select the device you may select the appropriate
Step 4
Manufacturer from the list; and then select the appropriate micro-controller from the device
list. If the target microcontroller is not known or if you cannot find it in the list, then you
may simply search “ LPC1768”or select “NXP” as the manufacturer and “LPC1768” as the
micro-controller.
Then a dialog box will appear asking for adding Startup.s file in to the project. Click on the
Step 5
“Yes” to it.
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Click on “Source Group 1” to display that part of the dialog window. This window will
indicate that IDE has automatically added 1 files in this new project: STARTUP.S The
STARTUP.s file is automatically created by the IDE and is required for all C projects. Now
add the file select “File / New” then a dialog box will appear, give name to your file with
Step 6 extension ( E.g. PROG1.c ) Then add files in this project, then right click on the “Source
Group 1” Folder,click on “Add existing Files to Group ‘Source Group1’ ” select the
desired filename and then click on “Add” button. Now the Project Settings dialog will
indicate that selected file has been added into the project. When all necessary files have been
added to the project, click “OK” button to create this newproject.
Now create the “Target” for the completion of the project, right click on the “Target 1”
folder in the project explorer window. then click on “options for Target ‘Target 1’ ” ,Then
Step 7 a dialog appears having 10 parts first is Device and last Utilities. Now select Output and
Checked the options “Create Hex File”. then go to “Linker” and check the option “Use
memory layout from target dialog.”
From the Target menu, select Build. This will invoke the Compiler to compile the file
PROG1.C;and further (assuming no errors) invoke the linker to create the .HEX file. If there
are any errors or warnings during the process of compiling, assembling or linking, then those
Step 8 will be displayed in the output window (below the editor window). If there are errors, then
you may correct those by making appropriate changes to the program; select Save from File
menu to save the changes and then again select Build from Compile menu. Repeat this until
there are no errors.
You may inspect contents of the folder where your project files reside. When there are no
errors and build has completed successfully and then you will see a file name with same
Step 9 name as the project name and extension .HEX (in above example, PROG1.HEX). This is
the file that you will need to use to program your micro-controller.
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How to download and Run program using Flash Magic into LPC1768
 After installation of Flash Magic, open it.

 In Flash Magic go to Options -> Advanced Options-> Communications. Check High Speed
Communications and keep Maximum Baud Rate as 19200. Click on OK
 Again in Flash Magic go to Options -> Advanced Options-> Hardware Config. “Use DTR
and RTS to control RST and P0.14” option should be checked. Click on OK.
 (After doing above mentioned settings, Flash Magic stores it means for the next time just
verify if these setting are proper or not. If they are proper then you can directly follow below
mentioned procedure)
Connect the J1/UART0 connector of ADT V1.1 board to COM1 or COM2 of a PC,
Step 1
using the serial communication cable (supplied with the board).
Keep S2 switch in ON position. (You can keep S2 switch continuously ON) Switch
Step 2
ON power to the ADT V1.1.
Do proper settings in Flash Magic (COM Port: COM1 (if other choose it), Baud Rate:
Step 3 19200,Device: LPC1768, Interface: None (ISP), Enable “Erase blocks used by Hex
File”, Browse the file which you want to download) and click on Start button.
Step 4 Flash Magic will download the program. Wait till Finished comes.
After downloading Flash Magic automatically resets the ADT V1.1 board and
Step 5
program executes. You can see output according to the program.
If again you want to “Reset” the board then press “RST” switch on SM-2148 board.
You can see output according to the program. Note: Flash Magic can be used to
Step 6
download the program into other Philips Micro-controllers also. See the list in Flash
Magic itself.
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HARDWARE DESCRIPTION OF ADT V1.1
Unpacking:
You will find following items in the package:
• ADT V1.1 board
• Serial communication cable (Straight 9-Pin)
• Power adapter with cable
• SPJ_TOOLS’ CD-ROM
Power Supply Requirements:

The power adapter works with 230Volts AC. It produces approximately 9 Volts DC, and the ADT
V1.1 uses on-board regulators to provide 5 Volts and 3.3 Volts DC to all components on the board.
Connecting the system:

The serial communication cable supplied with the board should be used to connect the board to a PC
running Windows95/98/NT/ ME/2000/XP/Vista Operating System. Connect one end of the serial
cable to UART0 of ADT V1.1 board and other end to PCs serial port.
Powering ON:
After connecting the serial communication cable as described above, you may insert the power
adapter output jack into the on-board power socket. Plug the power adapter into 230VAC mains outlet
and turn it on. Now press on-board power switch, power-on indication Green LED will turn on.
CAUTION: Please do not connect or disconnect the serial communication cable while the board is
powered ON. Doing so can damage the serial port of the ADT V1.1 board and/or PC.
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ARM CORTEX M3-LPC1768
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin Number
Pinsel reg
Function
Function
Symbol
Pinsel
Block
Description
I/O
Pin
ix
Test Data out for

O TDO JTAG
JTAG interface.
1 TDO/SWO
SWDEB Serial wire trace
SWO
UG o/p.
Test Data in for

2 O I TDI JTAG
JTAG interface.
17
Test Mode
I TMS JTAG Select for JTAG
interface.
3 TMS/SWDIO
I SWDIO SWDEB Serial wire
UG debug data
input/output.
Test Reset for

4 !TRST I !TRST JTAG
JTAG interface.
Test Clock for

I TCK JTAG
JTAG interface.
5 TCK/SWDCLK
SWDEB Serial wire
I SWDCLK
UG clock.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
When
I/ configured as an
0 P0.26 GPIO 0
O ADC input or
DAC output, the
digital section of
pinsel1
P0.26/AD0.3/AO the pad is
6 21:20
UT/RXD3 disabled.
x
A/D converter 0,
1 I AD0.3 ADC
input 3.
D/A converter
2 O AOUT DAC
output.
Receiver input
3 I RXD3 UART 3
for UART3.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
When
pinsel1 I/
P0.25/AD0.2/I2S 0 P0.25 GPIO 0 configured as an
7 19:18 O
RX_SDA/TXD3 ADC input,
x digital section of
the pad is
disabled.
1 I AD0.2 ADC A/D converter 0,
18
input 2.
Receive data. It
is driven by the
transmitter and
read by the
I/ I2SRX_S
2 I2S receiver.
O DA
Corresponds to
the signal SD in
the I2S bus
specification.
Transmitter
3 O TXD3 UART 3 output for
UART3.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
When
I/
0 P0.24 GPIO 0 configured as an
O
ADC input,
digital section of
the pad is
disabled.
A/D converter 0,
1 I AD0.1 ADC
input 1.
pinsel1
P0.24/AD0.1/I2S Receive Word
8 17:16
RX_WS/CAP3.1 Select. It is
x
driven by the
master and
I/ I2SRX_W received by the
2 I2S
O S slave.
Corresponds to
the signal WS in
the I2S bus
specification.
Capture input for

3 I CAP3.1 Timer 3 Timer 3, channel
1.
P0.23/AD0.0/I2S pinsel1 General purpose

I/ digital
9 RX_CLK/CAP3. 15:14 0 P0.23 GPIO 0
O input/output pin.
0 x
When
19
configured as an
ADC input,
digital section of
the pad is
disabled.
A/D converter 0,
1 I AD0.0 ADC
input 0.
Receive Clock.
It is driven by
the master and
received by the
I/ I2SRX_C
2 I2S slave.
O LK
Corresponds to
the signal SCK
in the I2S bus
specification.
Capture input for

0.
analog 3.3 V pad

supply voltage:
This can be
connected to the
same supply as
VDD(3V3) but
should be
isolated to
ADC minimize noise
10 VDDA P VDDA
DAC and error. This
voltage is used
to power the
ADC and DAC.
Note: this pin
should be tied to
3.3v if the ADC
and DAC are not
used.
analog ground: 0
ADC V reference.
11 VSSA P VSSA This should be
DAC
the same voltage
as VSS, but
20
should be
isolated to
minimize noise
and error.
ADC positive
reference
voltage: This
should be
nominally the
same voltage as
VDDA but
should be
isolated to
minimize noise
ADC
12 VREFP I VREFP and error. The
DAC
voltage level on
this pin is used
as a reference
for ADC and
DAC.
Note: this pin
should be tied to
3.3v if the ADC
and DAC are not
used.
13 n.c. - n.c. not connected
This is a 3.3 V
pin. A LOW on
this pin indicates
14 !RSTOUT O !RSTOUT Main
that the
LPC17xx is in a
Reset state.
ADC negative
reference
voltage: This
should be the
ADC same voltage as
15 VREFN I VREFN VSS but should
DAC
be isolated to
minimize noise
and error. Level
on this pin is
used as a
21
reference for
ADC and DAC.
Input to the RTC

16 RTCX1 I RTCX1 RTC
oscillator circuit.
External reset
input: A LOW
on this pin resets
the device,
causing I/O ports
and peripherals
to take on their
default states,
17 !RESET I !RESET Main
and processor
execution to
begin at address
0. This is a 5 V
tolerant pad with
a 20 ns glitch
filter, TTL levels
and hysteresis.
Output from the

18 RTCX2 O RTCX2 RTC RTC oscillator
circuit.
RTC domain
power supply:
3.3 V on this pin
19 VBAT I VBAT RTC
supplies the
power to the
RTC peripheral.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
When
I/
pinsel3 0 P1.31 GPIO 1 configured as an
P1.31/SCK1/AD O
20 31:30 ADC input,
0.5 digital section of
x
the pad is
disabled.
I/ Serial Clock for

2 SCK1 SSP 1
O SSP1.
22
A/D converter 0,
3 I AD0.5 ADC
input 5.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
When
I/
O
ADC input,
digital section of
the pad is
pinsel3 disabled.
P1.30/VBUS/AD
21 29:28
0.4 Monitors the
x
presence of USB
bus power. Note:
USB-
2 I VBUS This signal must
Device
be HIGH for
USB reset to
occur.
A/D converter 0,
3 I AD0.4 ADC
input 4.
Input to the
oscillator circuit
22 XTAL1 I XTAL1 Main and internal
clock generator
circuits.
Output from the

23 XTAL2 O XTAL2 Main oscillator
amplifier.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
Open-drain 5 V
tolerant digital
pinsel1 I/O pad,
P0.28/SCL0/US I/
24 25:24 0 P0.28 GPIO 0 compatible with
B_SCL O
x I2C-bus
specifications
for 100 kHz
standard mode,
400 kHz Fast
Mode, and 1
23
MHz Fast Mode

Plus. This pad
requires an
external pull-up
to provide output
functionality.
When power is
switched off,
this pin
connected to the
I2C-bus is
floating and does
not disturb the
I2C lines. Open-
drain
configuration
applies to all
functions on this
pin.
I2C0 clock
input/output.
I/
1 SCL0 I2C 0 Open-drain
O
output (for I2C-
bus compliance).
USB port I2C

I/ USB- serial clock
2 USB_SCL
O OTG (OTG
transceiver).
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
Open-drain 5 V
tolerant digital
I/O pad,
pinsel1 compatible with
P0.27/SDA0/US I/ I2C-bus
25 23:22 0 P0.27 GPIO 0
B_SDA O specifications
x
for 100 kHz
standard mode,
400 kHz Fast
Mode, and 1
MHz Fast Mode
Plus. This pad
requires an
24
external pull-up
to provide output
functionality.
When power is
switched off,
this pin
connected to the
I2C-bus is
floating and does
not disturb the
I2C lines. Open-
drain
configuration
applies to all
functions on this
pin.
I2C0 data
input/output.
I/
1 SDA0 I2C 0 Open-drain
O
output (for I2C-
bus compliance).
USB port I2C

I/ USB_SD USB-
2 serial data (OTG
O A OTG
transceiver).
General purpose
I/
0 P3.26 GPIO 3 digital
O
input/output pin.
System tick
1 I STCLK Tick timer clock
pinsel7 input.
P3.26/STCLK/M
26 21:20 Match output for
AT0.1/PWM1.3
x 2 O MAT0.1 Timer 0 Timer 0, channel
1.
Pulse Width
Modulator 1,
3 O PWM1.3 PWM
channel 3
output.
pinsel7 General purpose

P3.25/MAT0.0/P I/
27 19:18 0 P3.25 GPIO 3 digital
WM1.2 O
x input/output pin.
25
Match output for

2 O MAT0.0 Timer 0 Timer 0, channel
0.
Pulse Width
Modulator 1,
3 O PWM1.2 PWM
channel 2
output.
3.3 V supply
voltage: This is
the power supply
VDD(3V3
28 VDD(3V3) I Main voltage for I/O
)
other than pins
in the Vbat
domain.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
Pad provides
digital I/O and
USB functions.
I/ It is designed in
0 P0.29 GPIO 0
O accordance with
the USB
pinsel1 specification,
29 P0.29/USB_D+ 27:26 revision 2.0
x (Full-speed and
Low-speed
mode only).
USB-
Device
USB
I/ USB-
1 USB_D+ bidirectional D+
O Host
line.
USB-
OTG
General purpose
digital
pinsel1 input/output pin.
I/ Pad provides
30 P0.30/USB_D- 29:28 0 P0.30 GPIO 0
O digital I/O and
x
USB functions.
It is designed in
accordance with
26
the USB
specification,
revision 2.0
(Full-speed and
Low-speed
mode only).
USB-
Device
USB
I/ USB-
1 USB_D- bidirectional D-
O Host
line.
USB-
OTG
ground: 0 V
31 VSS I VSS Main
reference.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
USB GoodLink
LED indicator. It
is LOW when
device is
USB-
configured (non-
Device
control
USB_UP_ USB-
1 O endpoints
LED Host
P1.18/USB_UP_ pinsel3 enabled). It is
USB-
32 LED/PWM1.1/C 5:4 HIGH when the
OTG
AP1.0 x device is not
configured or
during global
suspend.
Pulse Width
Modulator 1,
2 O PWM1.1 PWM
channel 1
output.
Capture input for

0.
P1.19/MCOA0/! pinsel3 General purpose

I/
33 USB_PPWR/CA 7:6 0 P1.19 GPIO 1 digital
O
P1.1 x input/output pin.
27
Motor control
Motor-
1 O MCOA0 PWM channel 0,
PWM
output A.
Port Power
!USB_PP USB-
2 O enable signal for
WR Host
USB port.
Capture input for

1.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Motor control
PWM channel 0
input. Also
Motor-
1 I MCI0 Quadrature
pinsel3 PWM
P1.20/MCI0/PW Encoder
34 9:8 Interface PHA
M1.2/SCK0
x input.
Pulse Width
Modulator 1,
2 O PWM1.2 PWM
channel 2
output.
I/ Serial clock for

3 SCK0 SSP 0
O SSP0.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Motor control
!MCABO Motor-
1 I PWM, active
P1.21/!MCABO pinsel3 RT PWM
low fast abort.
35 RT/PWM1.3/SS 11:10
EL0 x Pulse Width
Modulator 1,
2 O PWM1.3 PWM
channel 3
output.
I/ Slave Select for

3 SSEL0 SSP 0
O SSP0.
28
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Motor control
Motor-
1 O MCOB0 PWM channel 0,
P1.22/MCOB0/U pinsel3 PWM
output B.
36 SB_PWRD/MA 13:12
T1.0 x Power Status for
USB_PW USB-
2 I USB port (host
RD Host
power switch).
Match output for

0.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Motor control
PWM channel 1
input. Also
Motor-
1 I MCI1 Quadrature
pinsel3 PWM
P1.23/MCI1/PW Encoder
37 15:14 Interface PHB
M1.4/MISO0
x input.
Pulse Width
Modulator 1,
2 O PWM1.4 PWM
channel 4
output.
I/ Master In Slave
3 MISO0 SSP 0
O Out for SSP0.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
pinsel3 Motor control

P1.24/MCI2/PW PWM channel 2
38 17:16
M1.5/MOSI0 input. Also
x Motor-
1 I MCI2 Quadrature
PWM
Encoder
Interface
INDEX input.
29
Pulse Width
Modulator 1,
2 O PWM1.5 PWM
channel 5
output.
Master Out
I/
3 MOSI0 SSP 0 Slave In for
O
SSP0.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
pinsel3 Motor control

P1.25/MCOA1/ Motor-
39 19:18 1 O MCOA1 PWM channel 1,
MAT1.1 PWM
x output A.
Match output for

1.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Motor control
Motor-
PWM
pinsel3 output B.
P1.26/MCOB1/P
40 21:20 Pulse Width
WM1.6/CAP0.0
x Modulator 1,
2 O PWM1.6 PWM
channel 6
output.
Capture input for

0.
ground: 0 V
41 VSS I VSS Main
reference.
3.3 V voltage
regulator supply
voltage: This is
VDD(RE
42 VDD(REG)(3V3) I Main the supply
G)(3V3)
voltage for the
on-chip voltage
regulator only.
30
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Clock output
P1.27/CLKOUT/ pinsel3 1 O CLKOUT Main
pin.
43 !USB_OVRCR/ 23:22
CAP0.1 x !USB_OV USB- USB port Over-
2 I
RCR Host Current status.
Capture input for

1.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Motor control
Motor-
1 O MCOA2 PWM channel 2,
pinsel3 PWM
P1.28/MCOA2/P output A.
44 25:24
CAP1.0/MAT0.0 Capture input for
x
2 I PCAP1.0 PWM PWM1, channel
0.
Match output for

0.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Motor control
Motor-
pinsel3 PWM
P1.29/MCOB2/P output B.
45 27:26
CAP1.1/MAT0.1 Capture input for
x
2 I PCAP1.1 PWM PWM1, channel
1.
Match output for

1.
31
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
CAN1 receiver
1 I RD1 CAN 1
input.
Transmitter
pinsel0 2 O TXD3 UART 3 output for
P0.0/RD1/TXD3 UART3.
46 1:0
/SDA1
x
I2C1 data
input/output
(this pin is not
I/ fully compliant
3 SDA1 I2C 1
O with the I2C-bus
specification, see
Section 19–4 for
details).
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
CAN1
1 O TD1 CAN 1 transmitter
output.
pinsel0 Receiver input

P0.1/TD1/RXD3 2 I RXD3 UART 3
47 3:2 for UART3.
/SCL1
x
I2C1 clock
input/output
(this pin is not
I/ fully compliant
3 SCL1 I2C 1
O with the I2C-bus
specification, see
Section 19–4 for
details).
General purpose
I/
pinsel0 O
P0.10/TXD2/SD input/output pin.
48 21:20
A2/MAT3.0 Transmitter
x
UART2.
32
I2C2 data
I/ input/output
2 SDA2 I2C 2
O (this is not an
open-drain pin).
Match output for

0.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Receiver input
1 I RXD2 UART 2
for UART2.
pinsel0
P0.11/RXD2/SC I2C2 clock
49 23:22
L2/MAT3.1 I/ input/output
x 2 SCL2 I2C 2
O (this is not an
open-drain pin).
Match output for

1.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
5 V tolerant pad
I/ with 5 ns glitch
0 P2.13 GPIO 2
O filter providing
digital I/O
functions with
TTL levels and
pinsel4 hysteresis.
P2.13/!EINT3/I2
50 27:26
STX_SDA External
x 1 I !EINT3 Main
interrupt 3 input.
Transmit data. It
is driven by the
transmitter and
I/ I2STX_S read by the
3 I2S
O DA receiver.
Corresponds to
the signal SD in
the I2S bus
33
specification.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
5 V tolerant pad
I/ with 5 ns glitch
0 P2.12 GPIO 2
O filter providing
digital I/O
functions with
TTL levels and
hysteresis.
pinsel4
P2.12/!EINT2/I2 External
51 25:24 1 I !EINT2 Main
STX_WS interrupt 2 input.
x
Transmit Word
Select. It is
driven by the
master and
I/ I2STX_W received by the
3 I2S
O S slave.
Corresponds to
the signal WS in
the I2S bus
specification.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
5 V tolerant pad
I/ with 5 ns glitch
0 P2.11 GPIO 2
O filter providing
digital I/O
functions with
pinsel4 TTL levels and
P2.11/!EINT1/I2
52 23:22 hysteresis.
STX_CLK
x
External
1 I !EINT1 Main
interrupt 1 input.
Transmit Clock.
It is driven by
I/ I2STX_C the master and
3 I2S
O LK received by the
slave.
Corresponds to
34
the signal SCK

in the I2S bus
specification.
General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
5 V tolerant pad
with 5 ns glitch
filter providing
digital I/O
functions with
TTL levels and
hysteresis. Note:
I/
0 P2.10 GPIO 2 A LOW on this
O
pin while
pinsel4 !RESET is LOW
P2.10/!EINT0/N
53 21:20 forces the on-
MI
x chip bootloader
to take over
control of the
part after a reset
and go into ISP
mode. See
Section 32–1.
External
1 I !EINT0 Main
interrupt 0 input.
Non-maskable
2 I NMI Main
interrupt input.
3.3 V supply
voltage: This is
the power supply
VDD(3V3
54 VDD(3V3) I Main voltage for I/O
)
other than pins
in the Vbat
domain.
ground: 0 V
55 VSS I VSS Main
reference.

I/
56 P0.22/RTS1/TD1 13:12 0 P0.22 GPIO 0 digital
O
x input/output pin.
35
Request to Send
output for
UART1. Can
also be
1 O RTS1 UART 1
configured to be
an RS-485/EIA-
485 output
enable signal.
CAN1
output.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
pinsel1
Ring Indicator
57 P0.21/RI1/RD1 11:10
1 I RI1 UART 1 input for
x
UART1.
CAN1 receiver
3 I RD1 CAN 1
input.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Data Terminal
Ready output for
UART1. Can
also be
1 O DTR1 UART 1
configured to be
pinsel1 an RS-485/EIA-
P0.20/DTR1/SC
58 9:8 485 output
L1
x enable signal.
I2C1 clock
input/output
(this pin is not
I/ fully compliant
3 SCL1 I2C 1
O with the I2C-bus
specification, see
Section 19–4 for
details).
59 pinsel1 0 P0.19 GPIO 0 General purpose

P0.19/DSR1/SD I/
7:6 digital
36
A1 x O input/output pin.
Data Set Ready

1 I DSR1 UART 1 input for
UART1.
I2C1 data
input/output
(this pin is not
I/ fully compliant
3 SDA1 I2C 1
O with the I2C-bus
specification, see
Section 19–4 for
details).
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Data Carrier
pinsel1 1 I DCD1 UART 1 Detect input for
P0.18/DCD1/M UART1.
60 5:4
OSI0/MOSI
x Master Out
I/
O
SSP0.
I/ Master Out
3 MOSI SPI
O Slave In for SPI.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Clear to Send
pinsel1 1 I CTS1 UART 1 input for
P0.17/CTS1/MIS
61 3:2 UART1.
O0/MISO
x
I/ Master In Slave
2 MISO0 SSP 0
O Out for SSP0.
I/ Master In Slave
3 MISO SPI
O Out for SPI.

P0.15/TXD1/SC I/
62 31:30 0 P0.15 GPIO 0 digital
K0/SCK O
x input/output pin.
37
Transmitter
UART1.
I/ Serial clock for

2 SCK0 SSP 0
O SSP0.
I/ Serial clock for

3 SCK SPI
O SPI.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
pinsel1 Receiver input

P0.16/RXD1/SS 1 I RXD1 UART 1
63 1:0 for UART1.
EL0/SSEL
x I/ Slave Select for
2 SSEL0 SSP 0
O SSP0.
Slave Select for

3 I SSEL SPI
SPI.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Signal used to
switch an
external 1.5 kΩ
USB_CO USB- resistor under
P2.9/USB_CON pinsel4 1 O
NNECT Device software control.
64 NECT/RXD2/E 19:18 Used with the
NET_MDIO x SoftConnect
USB feature.
Receiver input
2 I RXD2 UART 2
for UART2.
Ethernet MIIM
I/ ENET_M
3 Ethernet data input and
O DIO
output.
General purpose
I/
pinsel4 0 P2.8 GPIO 2 digital
P2.8/TD2/TXD2/ O
65 17:16 input/output pin.
ENET_MDC
x
1 O TD2 CAN 2 CAN2
transmitter
38
output.
Transmitter
UART2.
ENET_M Ethernet MIIM

3 O Ethernet
DC clock.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
CAN2 receiver
1 I RD2 CAN 2
input.
pinsel4
66 P2.7/RD2/RTS1 15:14 Request to Send
x output for
UART1. Can
also be
2 O RTS1 UART 1
configured to be
an RS-485/EIA-
485 output
enable signal.
General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Capture input for

pinsel4 1 I PCAP1.0 PWM PWM1, channel
P2.6/PCAP1.0/R 0.
67 13:12
I1/TRACECLK
x Ring Indicator
2 I RI1 UART 1 input for
UART1.
3 I TRACEC Trace Trace Clock.

LK
68 General purpose
I/
O
P2.5/PWM1.6/D pinsel4 input/output pin.
TR1/TRACEDA 11:10 Pulse Width
TA0 x Modulator 1,
1 O PWM1.6 PWM
channel 6
output.
39
Data Terminal
Ready output for
UART1. Can
also be
2 O DTR1 UART 1
configured to be
an RS-485/EIA-
485 output
enable signal.
TRACED
3 O Trace Trace data, bit 0.
ATA0
69 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Pulse Width
Modulator 1,
P2.4/PWM1.5/D pinsel4 1 O PWM1.5 PWM
channel 5
SR1/TRACEDA 9:8 output.
TA1 x
Data Set Ready
2 I DSR1 UART 1 input for
UART1.
TRACED
ATA1
70 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Pulse Width
Modulator 1,
P2.3/PWM1.4/D pinsel4 1 O PWM1.4 PWM
channel 4
CD1/TRACEDA 7:6 output.
TA2 x
Data Carrier
2 I DCD1 UART 1 Detect input for
UART1.
TRACED
ATA2
71 3.3 V supply
VDD(3V3 voltage: This is
VDD(3V3) I Main the power supply
)
voltage for I/O
other than pins
40
in the Vbat
domain.
72 ground: 0 V
VSS I VSS Main
reference.
73 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Pulse Width
Modulator 1,
P2.2/PWM1.3/C pinsel4 1 O PWM1.3 PWM
channel 3
TS1/TRACEDA 5:4 output.
TA3 x
Clear to Send
2 I CTS1 UART 1 input for
UART1.
TRACED
ATA3
74 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
pinsel4 Pulse Width

P2.1/PWM1.2/R
3:2 Modulator 1,
XD1 1 O PWM1.2 PWM
x channel 2
output.
Receiver input
2 I RXD1 UART 1
for UART1.
75 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Pulse Width
pinsel4
P2.0/PWM1.1/T Modulator 1,
1:0 1 O PWM1.1 PWM
XD1 channel 1
x
output.
Transmitter
UART1.
76 P0.9/I2STX_SD pinsel0 0 P0.9 GPIO 0 General purpose

I/
A/MOSI1/MAT2 19:18 digital
41
.3 x O input/output pin.
Transmit data. It
is driven by the
transmitter and
read by the
I/ I2STX_S
1 I2S receiver.
O DA
Corresponds to
the signal SD in
the I2S bus
specification.
Master Out
I/
O
SSP1.
Match output for

3.
77 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Transmit Word
Select. It is
driven by the
master and
I/ I2STX_W received by the
pinsel0 1 I2S
P0.8/I2STX_WS O S slave.
17:16 Corresponds to
/MISO1/MAT2.2
x the signal WS in
the I2S bus
specification.
I/ Master In Slave
2 MISO1 SSP 1
O Out for SSP1.
Match output for

2.
78 General purpose
I/
P0.7/I2STX_CL pinsel0 0 P0.7 GPIO 0 digital
O
K/SCK1/MAT2. 15:14 input/output pin.
1 x I/ I2STX_C
1 I2S Transmit Clock.
O LK It is driven by
42
the master and

received by the
slave.
Corresponds to
the signal SCK
in the I2S bus
specification.
I/ Serial Clock for

2 SCK1 SSP 1
O SSP1.
Match output for

1.
79 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Receive data. It
is driven by the
transmitter and
read by the
I/ I2SRX_S
P0.6/I2SRX_SD pinsel0 1 I2S receiver.
O DA
A/SSEL1/MAT2 13:12 Corresponds to
.0 x the signal SD in
the I2S bus
specification.
I/ Slave Select for

2 SSEL1 SSP 1
O SSP1.
Match output for

0.
80 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
pinsel0 Receive Word

P0.5/I2SRX_WS Select. It is
11:10
/TD2/CAP2.1 driven by the
x I/ I2SRX_W
1 I2S master and
O S received by the
slave.
Corresponds to
the signal WS in
43
the I2S bus

specification.
CAN2
output.
Capture input for

1.
81 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
Receive Clock.
It is driven by
the master and
received by the
I/ I2SRX_C
pinsel0 1 I2S slave.
P0.4/I2SRX_CL O LK
9:8 Corresponds to
K/RD2/CAP2.0 the signal SCK
x
in the I2S bus
specification.
CAN2 receiver
2 I RD2 CAN 2
input.
Capture input for

0.
82 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
RX_MCL I2S receive

1 O I2S
P4.28/RX_MCL pinsel9 K master clock.
K/MAT2.0/TXD 25:24 Match output for
3 x 2 O MAT2.0 Timer 2 Timer 2, channel
0.
Transmitter
UART3.
83 VSS I VSS Main ground: 0 V
44
reference.
84 3.3 V voltage
regulator supply
voltage: This is
VDD(RE
VDD(REG)(3V3) I Main the supply
G)(3V3)
voltage for the
on-chip voltage
regulator only.
85 General purpose
I/
O
input/output pin.
TX_MCL I2S transmit

P4.29/TX_MCL pinsel9 1 O I2S
K master clock.
K/MAT2.1/RXD 27:26
3 x Match output for
1.
Receiver input
3 I RXD3 UART 3
for UART3.
86 General purpose
I/
pinsel3 O
P1.17/ENET_M input/output pin.
3:2
DIO Ethernet MIIM
x I/ ENET_M
1 Ethernet data input and
O DIO
output.
87 General purpose
I/
P1.16/ENET_M O
1:0 input/output pin.
DC
x ENET_M Ethernet MIIM
1 O Ethernet
DC clock.
88 General purpose
I/
P1.15/ENET_RE O
F_CLK
x ENET_RE Ethernet
1 I Ethernet
F_CLK reference clock.
45
89 General purpose
I/
P1.14/ENET_RX O
_ER
x ENET_R Ethernet receive
1 I Ethernet
X_ER error.
90 General purpose
I/
P1.10/ENET_RX O
D1
1 I Ethernet
XD1 data.
91 General purpose
I/
P1.9/ENET_RX O
D0
1 I Ethernet
XD0 data.
92 General purpose
I/
O
P1.8/ENET_CRS 17:16 input/output pin.
x ENET_C Ethernet carrier
1 I Ethernet
RS sense.
93 General purpose
I/
pinsel2 O
P1.4/ENET_TX_ input/output pin.
9:8
EN Ethernet
x ENET_T
1 O Ethernet transmit data
X_EN
enable.
94 General purpose
I/
P1.1/ENET_TX O
D1
x ENET_T Ethernet
1 O Ethernet
XD1 transmit data 1.
95 General purpose
I/
P1.0/ENET_TX O
D0
x ENET_T Ethernet
1 O Ethernet
XD0 transmit data 0.
46
96 3.3 V supply
voltage: This is
the power supply
VDD(3V3
VDD(3V3) I Main voltage for I/O
)
other than pins
in the Vbat
domain.
97 ground: 0 V
VSS I VSS Main
reference.
98 General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
When
I/
O
ADC input,
pinsel0 digital section of
P0.2/TXD0/AD0 the pad is
5:4
.7 disabled.
x
Transmitter
UART0.
A/D converter 0,
2 I AD0.7 ADC
input 7.
99 General purpose
digital
input/output pin.
When
I/
O
ADC input,
pinsel0 digital section of
P0.3/RXD0/AD0
7:6 the pad is
.6
x disabled.
Receiver input
1 I RXD0 UART 0
for UART0.
A/D converter 0,
2 I AD0.6 ADC
input 6.
100 JTAG interface

RTCK O RTCK JTAG
control signal.
47
PICTURE OF ADTV1.1
PIN CONNECTIONS AND CONFIGURATIONS OF LPC1768 WITH I/O

PERIPHERAL
S1: Turn ON this switch to connect NRST and P2.10( PGM pin) to LPC1768.
S4.1: Turn ON this switch to connect UART1 Tx to P2.0 of LPC1768.
S4.2: Turn ON this switch to connect UART1 Rx to P2.1 of LPC1768.
DIP Switches
S4.3: Turn ON this switch to connect 3.3V to RGB PWM of LPC1768.
Details:
S11.1: Turn ON this switch to connect Buzzer to P0.26 of LPC1768.
S11.1: Turn ON this switch to connect DAC/TP2 to DACOut/P0.26 of LPC1768.
S19.1: Turn ON 8 LEDs, It connects 3.3V to VCC of LEDs.
S19.2: Turn ON 8 LEDs, It connects 5V to VCC of LEDs.
48
When pressed, the switches are grounded. When Idle, they are pulled:high
Push-Button Signal Name
SW1(RST/RESET) Reset to LPC1768
SW2 to SW17: Matrix Keypad P1.18 to P1.25
SW18 P2.10/ EINT1
SW20 FPGA Interrupt
SW21 P1.18
Push-Button SW22 P1.19
Switches
Details SW23 P1.20
SW24 P1.21
SW25 P1.22
SW26 P1.23
SW27 P1.24
SW28 P1.25
All the LEDs are connected by common anode method. That means the positive leg
of each LED is connected to Vcc and negative leg to the port pins of the
microcontroller. A logic 0 on the port pin will make LED ON and logic 1 will make
it OFF.
LED Signal Name

D2/ P.ON +5V Power ON/OFF
D11 P0.4
LEDs and D12 P0.5
Buzzer
D13 P0.6
Details
D14 P0.7
D15 P0.8
D16 P0.9
D17 P0.10
D18 P0.11
D19 P0.26/DAC
D20 RGB LED
Buzzer P0.26
UART0
This is a DB9 female connector, used for RS232 serial communication with the PC:
Pin 2 = UART0 RS232 TxD (output of μC)
49
Pin 3 = UART0 RS232 RxD (input to μC)

Pin 4 = RS232 DTR
Pin 5 = Ground
Pin 7 = RS232 RTS
All other pins of J1/UART0 are unused.
This is a 3pin Relimate connector, used for RS232 serial communication with the
UART1 PC:
Pin 1 = UART1 RS232 TxD (output of μC)
Pin 2 = UART1 RS232 RxD (input to μC)
This is a 16 pin, single line connector, designed for connection to standard, text LCD
modules. The pin/signal correspondence is designed to be matching with that
required by such LCD modules.
Pin 1 = GND
Pin 2 = +5V
Pin 3 = Vlcd
Pin 4 = P1.27 (Used as RS of LCD)
Pin 5 = GND
Pin 6 = P1.26 (Used as EN of LCD)
16x2 LCD
Pin 7 = P0.4 (Used as D0 of LCD)
Pin 15 = Back lighting
Pin 16 = GND
This standard 4 pin I2C connector provides support for interfacing of I2C based
peripherals to LPC21xx.This connector is mounted on middle-bottom side of the
board as shown in figure1. 4 pin straight cable can be used to connect LPC21xx to
the board having I2C based peripheral devices.
I2C
The pin-out of I2C Connector is given below:
Connector
Pin Signal name
1 ------------- P0.20 (SCL1)
2 ------------- P0.19 (SDA1)
3 ------------- +5V
4 ------------- DGND
Stepper This standard 6 pin connector provides support for interfacing Stepper motor to
Motor LPC1768. The pin-out of Stepper motor Connector is given below:
Connector
Pin Signal name
1 ------------- P0.0
50
2 ------------- P0.1
3 ------------- P0.16
4 ------------- P2.3
5 ------------- Vcc (+5V)
6 ------------- GND
RTOS and its Codes

The RTX kernel message objects are simply pointers to a block of memory where the relevant
information is stored. There is no restriction regarding the message size or content. The RTX
kernel handles only the pointer to this message.
Sending 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit values

Because the RTX kernel passes only the pointer from the sending task to the receiving task, we
can use the pointer itself to carry simple information like passing a character from a serial
receive interrupt routine. An example can be found in the serial.c interrupt driven serial
interface module for the Traffic example
You must cast the char to a pointer like in the following example:
os_mbx_send (send_mbx, (void *)c, 0xffff);
Sending fixed size messages

To send fixed size messages, you must allocate a block of memory from the dynamic memory
pool, store the information in it, and pass its pointer to a mailbox. The receiving task receives
the pointer and restores the original information from the memory block, and then releases the
allocated memory block.
Fixed Memory block memory allocation functions

RTX has very powerful fixed memory block memory allocation routines. They are thread
safe and fully reentrant. They can be used with the RTX kernel with no restriction. It is better
to use the fixed memory block allocation routines for sending fixed size messages. The
memory pool needs to be properly initialized to the size of message objects:
_ 32-bit values: initialize to 4-byte block size.

_init_box (mpool, sizeof(mpool), 4);
_
_ any size messages: initialize to the size of message object.
_init_box (mpool, sizeof(mpool), sizeof(struct message))
Create New RTX Application

This section describes how to create a new application that uses the RTX kernel.
_ ZIn the Create New Project window, select a new directory for your project and enter a name
for your project.
_ In the Select Device for Target window, select your target ARM device and click OK. Allow
μVision to copy and add the device startup file to your project. This creates a basic μVision
project.
_ Now setup the project to use the RTX kernel.
To do this, select Project —> Options for Target.

Then select RTX Kernel for the Operating system and click OK.
51
_ Copy the RTX configuration file for your target device from the
\Keil\ARM\RL\RTX\Config\ directory and rename it toRTX_Config.c:
_ for ARM7™/ARM9™devices, copy the configuration file for your specific device.
If the file does not exist for your specific device, then copy the RTX_Conf_LPC21xx.c as a
template and modify it to suit your device.
_ for Cortex-M™devices, copy RTX_Conf_CM.c configuration file.
_ Modify the device startup file for ARM7™/ARM9™devices to enable SWI_Handler
function (no change required for Cortex-M™devices):
_ Comment out the following line from the startup file:
SWI_Handler B SWI_Handler
_ Add the following line to the startup file:
IMPORT SWI_Handler
This change prevents the code from sitting in a loop when a SWI interrupt occurs. The change
allows the right function to run when a SWI interrupt occurs.
_ Copy the retarget.c file from \Keil\ARM\Startup\ to your project directory, and add it to
your project. The main purpoof this file is to avoid the use of semihosting SWIs.
Thus the file must contain the following:
#include <rt_misc.h>
#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting_swi)
void _ttywrch(int ch) {
// Not used (No Output)
}
void _sys_exit(int return_code) {
label: goto label; /* endless loop */
}
_ Depending on your application, you might have to retarget more functions. For example if
you use the RL-FlashFS library, you can obtain retarget.c from the
\Keil\ARM\RL\FlashFS\SRC\ directory.
Now the project is setup to use the RTX kernel.
Note
ForMicroLIB run-time library you do not need a retarget.c in your project.
_ Now you must configure the RTX kernel for the needs of your application by making the
required changes in theRTX_Config.c file.
_ Create the application source files if they do not already exist. Add these source files to the
project. You can do this in the project workspace of μVision by right clicking on the Source
Group and selecting Add Files to Group.
_ When you write programs for RL-RTX, you can define RTX tasks using the __task keyword.
You can use the RTX kernel routines whose prototypes are declared in RTL.h.
1. Build your application using Project —> Build Target.

2. If you project builds successfully, you can download it to your hardware or run it using the
μVision Simulator. You can alsodebug the application using Debug —> Start Debug Session.
_ Configuring RL-RTX
The RTX kernel is easy to customize for each application you create. This section describes
how you can configure the RTX kernel's features for your applications. It contains:
52
_ Configuration Options
The RTX kernel must be configured for the embedded applications you create. All
configuration settings are found in the RTX_Config.c file, which is located in the
\Keil\ARM\RL\RTX\Config directory. RTX_Config.cis configured differently for the
different ARM devices. Configuration options in RTX_Config.c allow you to:
_ Specify the number of concurrent running task.
_ Specify the number of tasks with user-provided stack
_ Specify the stack size for each task
_ Enable or disable the stack checking
_ Enable or disable running tasks in privileged mode
_ Specify the CPU timer number used as the system tick timer
_ Specify the input clock frequency for the selected timer
_ Specify the timer tick interval
_ Enable or disable the round-robin task switching
_ Specify the time slice for the round-robin task switching
_ Define idle task operations
_ Specify the number of user timers
_ Specify code for the user timer callback function
_ Specify the FIFO Queue size
_ Specify code for the runtime error function
There is no default configuration in the RL-RTX library. Hence, you must add the
RTX_Config.cconfiguration file to each project you create.
To customize the RTX kernel's features, you must change the configurable settings in
RTX_Config.c.
_ Idle Task Customization

When no tasks are ready to run, the RTX kernel executes the idle task with the name
os_idle_demon().
By default this task is an empty end-less loop that does nothing. It only waits until another task
becomes ready to run.
You may change the code of os_idle_demon() to put the CPU into a power-saving or idle
mode. MostRTX_Config.c files define the macro _idle_() that contains the code to put the
CPU into a power-saving mode.
Example:
/*--------------------------- os_idle_demon ---------------------------------*/

__task void os_idle_demon (void) {
/* The idle demon is a system task. It is running when no other task is */
/* ready to run (idle situation). It must not terminate. Therefore it */
/* should contain at least an endless loop. */
for (;;) { _idle_(); /* enter low-power mode */
}
}
Note:
_ On some devices, the IDLE blocks debugging via the JTAG interface. Therefore JTAG
debuggers such as ULINK may not work when you are using CPU power-saving modes.
_ For using power-saving modes, some devices may require additional configuration (such as
clock configuration settings).
_ Error Function Customization

53
Some system error conditions can be detected during runtime. If RTX kernel detects a runtime
error, it calls the os_error() runtime error function.
void os_error (U32 err_code) {

/* This function is called when a runtime error is detected. */
OS_TID err_task;
switch (err_code) {
case OS_ERR_STK_OVF:
/* Identify the task with stack overflow. */
err_task = isr_tsk_get();
break;
case OS_ERR_FIFO_OVF:
break;
case OS_ERR_MBX_OVF:
break;
}
for (;;);
The error code is passed to this function as a parameter err_code:

Error Code Description
The runtime error function must contain an infinite loop to prevent further program execution.
You can use an emulator to step over infinite loop and trace into the code introducing a runtime
error. For the overflow errors this means you need to increase the size of the object causing an
overflow.
_ Create New RTX_Config file (for ARM7/ARM9 library)

RL-ARM provides several versions of the RTX_Config.c file for ARM7™/ARM9™RTX
Kernel library. Each one configures the RTX kernel for a specific ARM device variant that RL-
ARM supports. However the ARM family of devices is growing quickly, and it is possible that
RL-ARM does not contain the configuration file for the device you use. In this case, you can
take the RTX_Config.c filefor the NXP device as a template and modify it for your particular
ARM device. RTX Kernel library for Cortex™-M has only one configuration file
RTX_Conf_CM.c, which iscommon for all Cortex™-M device variants.
HWResources Required
In order to run the RTX kernel, the following hardware resources are required from an ARM
device:
_ Peripheral Timer for generating periodic ticks. It is better to use a peripheral timer with an
autoreload function. RTX also supports timers with manual timer (or counter) reload. However,
this can generate jitter and inaccuracy in the long run. The RTX kernel needs a count-up timer.
If the timer used is a count-down timer, you need to convert the timer value.
_ Timer Interrupts to interrupt the execution of a task and to start the system task scheduler.
54
_ Forced Interrupts to force a timer interrupt when isr_ functions are used. If an isr_ function
is called, the kernel forces the timer interrupt immediately after the interrupt ends. The forced
timer interrupt activates the task scheduler. It is possible that a task has become ready. If this
task has a higher priority than the currently running task, a task switch must occur.
All hardware dependent definitions are extracted from the code and defined with configuration
macros.
This makes it possible to customize the configuration without modifying the code.
Note:
The RTX configuration files are located in the \Keil\ARM\RL\RTX\Config directory.
_ Alternate Tick Timer Configuration (for Cortex-M library)

RTX Library version for Cortex™-M devices uses SysTick timer as RTX tick timer. The
SysTick timer is Cortex-M core timer, thus common for all Cortex-M device variants. Some
new dual core devices, such as LPC4300 devices, do not implement the SysTick timer in both
cores. In this case, an alternate tick timer must be used for the core without SysTick timer.
The following functions provide an interface for an Alternate Tick Timer:

_ os_tick_init()
initializes hardware timer as system tick timer,
_ os_tick_irqack()
acknowledges hardware timer interrupt,
_ OS_Tick_Handler()
handles RTX tick interrupts and updates task scheduler.
Configuration
To configure an alternate peripheral timer as system tick timer, you have to:
1. implement the os_tick_init() and os_tick_irqack() functions in the RTX_Config.c
configuration file.
2.Replace the alternate timer interrupt vector with the OS_Tick_Handler in the Interrupt
Vector Table in startup file.
Note:
An RTX_Blinky_RIT example, located in \Keil\ARM\Boards\MCB1700 directory, is a demo
example, configured for alternate tick timer in Cortex-M3.
_ Low Power RTX Configuration

The Low Power RTX extension allows using power-saving modes efficiently and building
RTX applications for power constrained devices such as battery powered devices.
The operation of the OS task scheduler in Low Power mode is different than normal operation.
Instead of executing periodic system tick interrupts when all active tasks are suspended, the
system enters a powerdown mode. It calculates how long it can stay in power-down mode and
disables power for peripherals and the CPU. The wake-up timer must remain powered. The
time is responsible to wake-up the system after the power-down period expires.
The following functions provide a Low Power RTX extension:

_ os_suspend()
suspends OS task scheduler,
_ os_resume()
resumes OS task scheduler.
55
Configuration
The Low Power RTX is controlled from the idle task. The peripheral wake-up timer must be
initialized before the system enters an endless loop.
The function os_suspend() calculates the timeout until the first suspended task becomes ready,
and returns the timeout to the user.
for (;;) {
sleep = os_suspend();
The user sets-up a peripheral timer to sleep timeout and starts the timer. The timeout is
measured in system ticks.
if (sleep) {
/* Setup the wake-up timer ... */
When the wake-up timer is set-up and running, the user puts the system in power-down mode.
The wake-up timer must run also in power-down mode. All other peripherals and the CPU may
power-down to reduce power.
/* Power-down the system ... */

SCB->SCR |= SCB_SCR_SLEEPDEEP_Msk;
__WFE();
The wake-up timer, when expired, generates the interrupt and wakes-up the system. Hence, it
must run also in power-down mode. The system resumes operation and needs to call the
function os_resume().
This function restores the RTX and re-enables the OS task scheduler.
/* After Wake-up */
sleep = (tc - LPC_WWDT->TV) / 250;
}
os_resume(sleep);
If, for any reason, the system does not wake up immediately after the wake-up interrupt, the
actual sleep time is checked and adjusted.
RTX_LowPower demo examples configured for low power RTX:
_ Usage of the WFE instruction for entering sleep mode is demonstrated in the
RTX_LowPower example located in the directory
\Keil\ARM\Boards\Keil\MCBSTM32F200.
_ Usage of the WFI instruction for entering sleep mode and early wake-up mechanism is
demonstrated in RTX_LowPower example located in the directory
\Keil\ARM\Boards\MCB1000\MCB11U10.
_ First Example RTX Application

This section demonstrates an example of using the RTX kernel for a simple application. The
example is located in the folder \Keil\ARM\RL\RTX\Examples\RTX_ex1. The application
must perform two activities. The first activity must continuously repeat 50 ms after the second
activity completes. The second activity must repeat 20 ms after the first activity completes.
Hence, you can implement these activities as two separate tasks, called task1 and task2:
1. Place the code for the two activities into two separate functions (task1 and task2). Declare
the two functions as tasks using the keyword __task (defined in RTL.H) which indicates a
RTX task.
__task void task1 (void) {

56
.... place code of task 1 here ....

}
}
2. When the system starts up, the RTK kernel must start before running any task. To do this,
call the os_sys_init function in the C main function. Pass the function name of the first task as
the parameter to the os_sys_init function. This ensures that after the RTX kernel initializes, the
task starts executing rather than continuing program execution in themain function. In this
example, task1 starts first. Hence, task1 must create task2. You can do this using
the os_tsk_create function.
os_tsk_create (task2, 0);
}
}
void main (void) {
os_sys_init (task1);
}
3. Now implement the timing requirements. Since both activities must repeat indefinitely, place
the code in an endless loop in each task. After the task1 activity finishes, it must send a signal
to task2, and it must wait for task2 to complete. Then it must wait for 50 ms before it can
perform the activity again. You can use the os_dly_wait function to wait for a number of
system intervals.
The RTX kernel starts a system timer by programming one of the on-chip hardware timers of
the ARM processors. By default, the system interval is 10 ms and timer 0 is used (this is
configurable). You can use the os_evt_wait_or function to make task1 wait for completion of
task2, and you can use the os_evt_setfunction to send the signal to task2. This examples uses
bit 2 (position 3) of the event flags to inform the other task when it completes.
task2 must start 20 ms after task1 completes. You can use the same functions in task2 to wait
and send signals to task1. The listing below shows all the statements required to run the
example:
/* Include type and function declarations for RTX. */

#include <rtl.h>
/* id1, id2 will contain task identifications at run-time. */
OS_TID id1, id2;
/* Forward declaration of tasks. */
__task void task1 (void);
__task void task2 (void);
__task void task1 (void){
/* Obtain own system task identification number. */
id1 = os_tsk_self();
/* Create task2 and obtain its task identification number. */
id2 = os_tsk_create (task2, 0);
for (;;) {
/* ... place code for task1 activity here ... */
/* Signal to task2 that task1 ha
/*Wait for completion of task2 activity. */
57
s completed. */
os_evt_set(0x0004, id2);
/* 0xFFFF makes it wait without timeout. */
/* 0x0004 represents bit 2. */
os_evt_wait_or(0x0004, 0xFFFF);
/*Wait for 50 ms before restarting task1 activity. */
os_dly_wait(5);
}
}
for (;;) {
/*Wait for completion of task1 activity. */
/* 0xFFFF makes it wait without timeout. */
/* 0x0004 represents bit 2. */
os_evt_wait_or(0x0004, 0xFFFF);
/*Wait for 20 ms before starting task2 activity. */
os_dly_wait(2);
/* ... place code for task2 activity here ... */
/* Signal to task1 that task2 has completed. */
os_evt_set(0x0004, id1);
}
}
void main (void) {
/* Start the RTX kernel, and then create and execute task1. */
os_sys_init(task1);
}
4. Finally, to compile the code and link it with the RTX library, you must select the RTX
operating system for the project. From the main menu, select Project —> Options for Target.
Select the Target tab. Select RTX Kernel for the Operating system. Build the project to
generate the absolute file. You can run the object file output from the linker either on your
target or on the μVision Simulator
58
Ex. No. 1 Interfacing LEDS with LPC1768

Date:
Aim :
To interface the LEDs with LPC1768
Algorithm :
Step 1: Start the program
Step 2: Configure Port0 as GPI0
Step 3: Interfacing Port0 as Output
Step 4: Logic High on Port0
Step 5: Call Delay
Step 6: Logic Low on Port0
Step 7: Call Delay
Step 8: Go to step 4
Flow Chart:
Start
Configure the port0 as Output
Logic High in port0
Call Delay
Logic Low in port0
Call Delay
59
Program:
#include "LPC17xx.h"
int main(void) // Main Function

{
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL3 = (LPC_PINCON->PINSEL3 &~ 0x000FFFF0) ;

// Configure P0.16 to P0.23 as GPIO
LPC_GPIO1->FIODIR = (LPC_GPIO1->FIODIR |~ 0x03FC0000) ;

// Configure P0.16 to P0.23 as Input

LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR = (LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR | 0x00000FF0) ;

// Configure P1.16 to P1.23 as Output
while(1)
{
LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = ~((LPC_GPIO1->FIOPIN & 0x03FC0000)>>14);
// Status of Input Switches are copied to LEDs,
//
Respected LEDs pressed switched are On.
LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = ((LPC_GPIO1->FIOPIN & 0x03FC0000) >>14);

// Switches which are not pressed are made Off.
Peripheral Interface: Keep SW19.2 switch in ON position. 8 LEDs (D11 to D18) present on ADT
are connected to P0.4,P0.5,P0.6,P0.7,P0.8,P0.9,P0.10 and P0.11 respectively by Common Anode
method.
Output:
You can see blinking of LEDs.
Note: Keep SW19.2 switch in OFF position to save power, after execution of program.
Result:
Thus interfacing of leds with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully.
Exercise:
1. Develop an embedded C code to blink LED with different delays (5 secs ,10 secs ) using the
software delay.
2. Develop an embedded C code to blink LED with different sequence.
60
Ex. No. 2 INTERFACING BUZZER (ON-OFF) WITH LPC1768

Date:
Aim :
To interface Buzzer (ON-OFF) with LPC1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Configure PORT0 as output
Step 3: Set logic high on PORT0
Step 4: Call Delay
Step 5: Set logic low on PORT0
Step 6: Call Delay
Step 7: Go to step3
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
volatile unsigned int delay;
void MyDelay(void)
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
for(delay=0;delay<65000;delay++);
}
int main (void)
{
LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR = 0x04000000 ; // Configure P0.26 as output
while(1)
{
LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = 0x04000000 ; //Buzzer ON
MyDelay();
LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = 0x04000000 ; //Buzzer OFF
MyDelay();
}
}
Peripheral Interface: Keep S11.1 switch in ON position.

Buzzer is connected to P0.26.
Output:
Buzzer will turn ON and OFF.
Note: Keep S11.1 switch in OFF position, after execution of program.
Result:
Thus, interfacing of Buzzer with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully.
Exercise:
1. Develop an embedded C code to enable buzzer with different tones.
61
Ex. No. 3 INTERFACING DIGITAL INPUT AND OUTPUT WITH LPC1768

Date:
Aim :
To interface Digital Input and Output with LPC1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Configure P0.16 to P0.23 as GPIO
Step 3: Configure P0.16 to P0.23 as GPIO using LPC_PINCON structure and PINSEL3 element
Step 4: Configure pins P0.16 to P0.23 as input
Step 5: Configure pins P0.16 to P0.23 as GPIO
Step 6: Configure pins P0.16 to P0.23 as output
Step 7: Copy the states of the input switches to LED’s
Step 8: Stop
Program:
int main(void) // Main Function

{

LPC_GPIO1->FIODIR = (LPC_GPIO1->FIODIR |~ 0x03FC0000) ;
// Configure P0.16 to P0.23 as Input
LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR = (LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR | 0x00000FF0) ;
while(1)
{
LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = ~((LPC_GPIO1->FIOPIN & 0x03FC0000)>>14);
// Status of Input Switches are copied to LEDs,
// Respected LEDs pressed switched are On.

LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = ((LPC_GPIO1->FIOPIN & 0x03FC0000) >>14);
// Switches which are not pressed are made Off.
}
62
Peripheral Interface: Keep S19.2 switch in ON position.

Push-button switches SW21 to SW8 are connected from P1.18 to P1.25.
LEDs D9 to D12 are connected to P0.18 to P0.25 and D11 to D18 are connected from P0.4 to P0.11.
Output:
After pressing any switch from SW21 to SW28, its corresponding LED (D11 to D18) will become
ON otherwise it will be OFF.
Result:
Thus interfacing of digital inputs and outputs with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully.
Exercise:
1. Develop an embedded C code to blink LED when switch is pressed
63
Ex. No. 4 INTERFACING ADC WITH LPC 1768

Date:
Aim :
To interface ADC with LPC 1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Declare the variable to hold ADC converted value
Step 3: Function is declared and defined for ADC initialization
Step 4: Configure PO.23 as ADC input using PINSELI
Step 5: Declare the variable ADC data
Step 6: Select clock for ADC to start of conversion
Step 7: Check end of conversion and read result
Step 8: Return the 12 bit result to main function
Step 9: Call the functions TargetResetInit(), ADC_Init(), InitUART0()
Step 10: Display ADC test
Step 11: Read the ADC value to convert
Step 12: Convert to volts using adc=(5*adc)/1023
Step 13: Display the result on UART
Step 14: Stop
Program:
#include "stdio.h"
#include "UART0.h"
#include "target.h"
#define PCADC 0x00001000
char adcreading[16] ; // Variable to hold the ADC converted Value

//static inline void __enable_irq() { asm volatile ("cpsie i"); }
void ADC_Init (void) // ADC initialation function
{
LPC_SC->PCONP |= PCADC ;
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1 = (LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1 | 0x00004000 );
// P0.23 is configured as ADC Input
}
unsigned int ADC_GetAdcReading ()

{
unsigned int adcdata;
LPC_ADC->ADCR =0x01200301 ;
// Select AD0.0, Select clock for ADC, Start of conversion,
while(!((adcdata = LPC_ADC->ADGDR) & 0x80000000))

// Check end of conversion (Done bit) and read result
{
return((adcdata >> 4) & 0x3ff) ; // Return 12 bit result

64
}
int main (void)
{
unsigned int delay;
float adc;
TargetResetInit();
ADC_Init() ; // Initiate ADC Setting
InitUart0();
printf("ADC Test"); // Display ADC Test
while(1)
{
adc = ADC_GetAdcReading(); // Read AD0.7 reading
adc=(5*adc)/1023;// Convertion of ADC value in Volts
sprintf(adcreading,"\n ADC0 CH1= %.2f V",adc);
// Convert result into ASCII to display it on LCD
UART0Puts(adcreading) ;// Display result on UART
}
}
Peripheral Interface:
To give analog input from Potentiometer R15 present in Analog Input region on
ADTV1.1. Analog input range is from 0 to 1023.
Output:
You can see output on Hyper Terminal.
Therefore Open Hyper Terminal. Go to Start->All Programs->Accessories->Communications-
>Hyper Terminal->Assign the Respective port-> Settings. Do proper settings (Baud Rate: 19200,
Data
Bits: 8, Stop Bits: 1, Echo: Off, Parity: None, Com Port: Com 1 (if other choose it)). Click on OK. Go
to
Port -> Open. If required Reset the ADT board. Now vary the R15 POT and hence see the change in
voltage on Hyper Terminal.
Result:
Thus interfacing of ADC with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully.
Exercise:
1. Develop an embedded C code to interface ADC with LM35(Temperature sensor)
65
Ex. No. 5 INTERFACING DAC WITH LPC 1768

DATE:
Aim :
To interface DAC with LPC1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Declare the variable to store output of DAC
Step 3: Call Target Reset Init() function
Step 4: Clock selection for DAC is done
Step 5: Select the DAC output pin
Step 6: Call delay for sometime
Step 7: Aout value is shifted right by 6bits for the loop to count from 0 to 1024
Step 8: Call Delay
Step 9: Again the loop count for 1024 times
Step 10: Aout value is again shifted right by 6times
Step 11: Stop
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "target.h"
unsigned int delay,AoutValue = 0 ;
// Variable to store the output value of DAC
int main (void) // Main function

{
TargetResetInit();
//LPC_SC->PCLKSEL0 |= 0x00400000;
//Peripheral clock selection for DAC as PCLK_peripheral = CCLK
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1 |= 0x00200000 ;
// to use P0.26 as DAC output pin.
while(1) // Infinite for loop for continues operation

{
for(AoutValue = 0 ; AoutValue < 1024 ; AoutValue ++) // For loop to count the 1024 times
{
LPC_DAC->DACR = AoutValue << 8 ; //
AoutValue is shifted right by 6 bits
}
//
End of nested for loop
for(AoutValue = 1024 ; AoutValue > 0 ; AoutValue --)
// For loop to count the 1024 times
{
LPC_DAC->DACR = AoutValue << 8 ;
// AoutValue is shifted right by 6 bits
}
66
} // End of outer For loop

} // End of Main Function
Connect one pin of oscilloscope to TP2/DAC and another to GND.
Output:
You can see ramp wave on oscilloscope.
Note: Keep S11.2 switch in OFF position, after execution of program
Result:
Thus interfacing of DAC with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully.
Exercise:
1. Develop an embedded C code to generate sine wave form using DAC.
67
Ex. No. 6 INTERFACING LED AND PWM (RGB) WITH LPC1768

DATE:
Aim :
To interface LED and PWM(RGB) with LPC1768 .
Algorithm :
Step 2: Set the GPIO for all pins by PINSEL on PWM2 for RED color in PWM_Init() function
Step 3: Read the Latch enable resistor and enable PWM2 by setting PWM control resister
Step 4: If the color is Green set the pins on PWM4
Step 5: Load the LED and enable PWM4 by setting PWM control register
Step 6: If the color is Blue, set the pins of PWM on PWM6
Step 7: Load LED and enable PWM6 by control register
Step 8: If the color is equal to all set the pins on AWM0
Step 9: Load LED and enable PWM2, PWM4 by setting PWM control register
Step 10: Control is Reset and count frequency = Fp clks
Step 11: For some Cycle one color is enabled and i+ continuously changing for every clock cycle
Step 12: Stop
Program:
#include <stdint.h>
#include "PWM.h"
#include "lpc_types.h"
unsigned int PWM_Init( enum color Color, unsigned int cycle )

{
if(Color == RED)
{
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL4 = 0x00000001 ;
// Set GPIOs for all PWM pins on PWM2
LPC_PWM1->LER = LER0_EN | LER1_EN ;
// Loading the Latch enable resister
LPC_PWM1->PCR = PWMENA1 ; //
Enabling PWM2 by setting PWM control register
}
else if (Color == GREEN)
{
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL4 = 0x00000004 ; //
set GPIOs for all PWM pins on PWM4
LPC_PWM1->LER = LER0_EN | LER2_EN ; //
Loading the Latch enable resister
LPC_PWM1->PCR = PWMENA2 ;
// Enabling PWM4 by setting PWM control register
}
else if(Color == BLUE)
{
68
LPC_PWM1->LER = LER0_EN | LER3_EN ; //

Loading the Latch enable resister
LPC_PWM1->PCR = PWMENA3 ;
// Enabling PWM6 by setting PWM control register
}
else if(Color == ALL)
{
LPC_PWM1->LER = LER0_EN | LER2_EN | LER2_EN | LER3_EN;
// Loading the Latch enable resister
LPC_PWM1->PCR = PWMENA1 | PWMENA2 | PWMENA3;
// Enabling PWM2,PWM4,PWM6 by setting PWM control register
}
LPC_PWM1->TCR = TCR_RESET; // Counter Reset
LPC_PWM1->PR = 0x00; // count frequency : Fpclk
LPC_PWM1->MCR = PWMMR0I;
// interrupt on PWMMR0, reset on PWMMR0, reset
// TC if PWM0 matches
LPC_PWM1->MR0 = cycle;// set PWM cycle
LPC_PWM1->MR1 = cycle * 5/6;
LPC_PWM1->MR2 = cycle * 5/6; // cycle * 2/3;
LPC_PWM1->MR3 = cycle * 5/6 ;// cycle * 1/2;
LPC_PWM1->TCR = TCR_CNT_EN | TCR_PWM_EN;
// counter enable, PWM enable
return (1);
}
Keep S4.3 switch in ON position.
Output:
You can see RED,BLUE,GREEN color blinking on RGB Led.
Note: Keep S4.3 switch in OFF position, after execution of program
Result:
Thus interfacing of LEDS and PWM(RGB) with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully
69
Ex. No. 7 INTERFACING REAL TIME CLOCK ON SERIAL UART

DATE:
Aim :
To interface Real Time Clock on Serial UART with LPC1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Enable Divisor latch access ,set 8 bit word length, stop bit no parity, disable break
transmission
Step 3: Set UPB bus clock divisor
Step 4: Set UART0 divisor latch(LSB)
Step 5: Set UART0 divisor latch(MSB)
Step 6: Clear TxFIFO and enable Rx and TxFIFOS
Step 7: Wait until Trasnsmit holding register is empty
Step 8: Store to transmit holding register.
Step 9: Wait until Trasnsmit holding register is empty
Step 10: Then Store to transmit holding register.
Step 11: Wait until there’s a character table read
Step 12: Then read from the receiver buffer register.
Program:
#include "target.h"
#include "UART0.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.H>
#include "I2C_RTC.h"
#include "Timer.h"
char MAIN_u8buffer1[20];
char MAIN_u8buffer2[20];
#define PCF8523 1
#ifdef PCF8523
#define OFFSET 3
#endif
#ifdef DS1307
#define OFFSET 0
#endif
#define CONTROL_ADDR0 0
#define SECONDS_ADDR 3
#define MINUTES_ADDR 4
#define HOURS_ADDR 5
#define DATE_ADDR 6
#define DAY_ADDR 7
#define MONTH_ADDR 8
#define YEAR_ADDR 9
70
#define BYTE0 0x00

#define BYTE1 0x00
#define BYTE2 0x88
unsigned char MAIN_u8buffer[20] ;
volatile unsigned int delay,i;
unsigned char date, mon, year;
unsigned char hh,mm,ss ;
unsigned int idate, imon, iyear ;
unsigned int ihh,imm,iss ;
char rtcdate[16] ;
char rtctime[16] ;
int main(void)
{
TargetResetInit();
InitUart0();
I2C_Init();
TIMER_Init();
printf("Clock:\nPress 'S' (to set RTC) Within 5 seconds, any other to discard") ;
for(delay=0; delay<=800000;delay++)
{
if (UART0_IsReady())
break;
}
if(UART0_IsReady() && (UART0getchar())=='S')

{
printf("\nEnter date and time in dd mm yy hh mm ss format\n") ;
scanf("%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",&idate,&imon,&iyear,&ihh,&imm,&iss);
date = idate ;
mon = imon ;
year = iyear ;
hh = ihh ;
mm = imm ;
ss = iss ;
printf("You entered:\n%02x-%02x-%02x
%02x:%02x:%02x\n",date,mon,year,hh,mm,ss) ;
printf("Press Y to store these values to RTC, any other to discard\n") ;
if (UART0getchar() == 'Y')
{
I2C_WriteToRTC(CONTROL_ADDR0,BYTE0,1) ;
I2C_WriteToRTC(DATE_ADDR,date,1) ;
I2C_WriteToRTC(MONTH_ADDR,mon,1) ;
I2C_WriteToRTC(YEAR_ADDR,year,1) ;
71
I2C_WriteToRTC(HOURS_ADDR,hh,1) ;
I2C_WriteToRTC(MINUTES_ADDR,mm,1) ;
I2C_WriteToRTC(SECONDS_ADDR,ss,1) ;
}
else;
}
printf("\n");
while(1)
{
if (!(I2C_ReadFromRTC(OFFSET, MAIN_u8buffer, 7)))
printf("Main Buffer %s \n",MAIN_u8buffer);
printf("\r\nClock : ");
printf("Date : %02x",MAIN_u8buffer[DATE_ADDR-OFFSET]& 0x3F);
printf("-%02x",MAIN_u8buffer[MONTH_ADDR-OFFSET]& 0x1F);
printf("-%02x",MAIN_u8buffer[YEAR_ADDR-OFFSET]);
printf(" Time : %02x",MAIN_u8buffer[HOURS_ADDR-OFFSET]& 0x1F);
printf(":%02x",MAIN_u8buffer[MINUTES_ADDR-OFFSET]& 0x7F);
printf(":%02x",MAIN_u8buffer[SECONDS_ADDR-OFFSET]& 0x7F);
while(1)
{
ss = MAIN_u8buffer[SECONDS_ADDR-OFFSET] & 0x7F;
if (!I2C_ReadFromRTC(OFFSET, MAIN_u8buffer, 7))
printf("\nMemory Read error..$");
if (ss != (MAIN_u8buffer[SECONDS_ADDR-OFFSET] & 0x7F))
break;
}
}
}
72
No switches are there to turn ON/OFF I2C RTC
Output:
Data Bits: 8, Stop Bits: 1, Echo: Off, Parity: None, Com Port: Com 1 (if other choose it)). Click on
OK. Go to Port -> Open. If required Reset the ADT board.On terminal after reset, press “Shift-S’ to
set DD MM YY HH MM SS format and press enter. To save the RTC press “Shift-Y”,now you can
see the RTC getting updated.
Result:
Thus interfacing of real time clock on serial UART with LPC1768 is executed and verified
successfully.
Exercise:
1. Develop an embedded C code to design a stop watch.
73
Ex. No. 8 INTERFACING I2C BASED EEPROM

DATE:
Aim :
To interface I2C based EEPROM with LPC1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Power on LPCI2C TO I2peripheral
Step 3: Initialize timer, define port pin as SDA&SCL
Step 4: Clear all I2C configure bits and set I2EN
Step 5: Wait for the status if status returns true or false
Step 6: Read data from RTC
Step 7: Ready for device address & ready for data bytes
Step 8: Transmit start address and if received return ACK
Step 9: Clear SI flag
Step 10: Write data to RTC
Step 11: Check the upper limit & write data byte wise
Step 12: After writing clear all except I2REN
Step 13: Clear all except I2N
Step 14: Transmit start address & port for write down
Step 15: Generate stop condition
Program:
#include <Stdio.h>
#include "UART0.h"
#include "I2C.h"
#include "TIMER.h"
#include "target.h"
unsigned char *MAIN_u8buffer1;
unsigned char MAIN_u8buffer2[20] ;
unsigned char MAIN_u8temp = 0;
unsigned char MAIN_u8temp12[2][2]={0,1,2,3};
int main()
{
TargetResetInit();
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 |= 0x00000005 ;
InitUart0();
I2C_Init();
TIMER_Init();
MAIN_u8temp=MAIN_u8temp12[0][0];
MAIN_u8buffer1 = (unsigned char*)MAIN_u8temp12;
while(1)
{
if (!I2C_WriteToEEPROM(0, MAIN_u8buffer1, 10))
printf("\nMemory write error..");
if (!I2C_ReadFromEEPROM(0, MAIN_u8buffer2, 15))

printf("\nMemory Read error..");
printf("\n%u",*MAIN_u8buffer2);
printf("\n%u",MAIN_u8buffer2[0]);
74
printf("\n%x",MAIN_u8buffer2[1]);
while(1);
}
}
No switches are there to turn ON/OFF I2C EEPROM
Output:
Data
Bits: 8, Stop Bits: 1, Echo: Off, Parity: None, Com Port: Com 1 (if other choose it)). Click on OK.
Go to Port -> Open. If required Reset the ADT board. It will display 2 option Read and Write. We
have to first select Write. Type something max of 20 character length. And reset the board and
select Read option.
Result:
Thus interfacing I2C based EEPROM with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully
Exercise:
1.Develop an embedded C code to transfer image file & store it in EEPROM & retrieve it
75
Ex. No. 9 INTERFACING OF LCD

DATE:
Aim :
To interface LCD with LPC1768
Algorithm :
Step 1: Start the pogram
Step 2: Write delay function for small delay and large delay
Step 3: Send command on the data lines
Step 4: Clear Reset (RS) and enable (EN)
Step 5: Set the enable PIN and call delay
Step 6: Clear the enable (EN) and call delay
Step 7: Send the data on data lines (D0 to D7)
Step 8: After sending the data Reset (RS) is set and call delay
Step 9: Clear the pin EN and call delay
Step 10: Set the pin EN and Call delay
Step 11: Clear the pin EN and call delay
Step 12: Configure the pins PO.15 (D4), PO.17 (D5), PO.22 (D6) and
PO.30 (D7) as output
Step 13: Clear all the pins and configure the pins as GPIO and clear all pins
Step 14: Call the function LCD cmd and call delay
Step 15: Delay function is written which has pass pointer to character string
Step 16: Display the character using display data
Step 17: Stop
Program:
/*
This file contains LCD related sub-routines for EDU-ARM7-2148 Trainer Kit.
LCD connections:
P1.26 P1.27 P0.11 P0.10 P0.9 P0.8 P0.7 P0.6 P0.5 P0.4
RS EN D7 D6 D5 D4
D3 D2 D1 D0
8 bit interface is used.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "LCD.h"
#include "target.h"
int main ()
{
volatile int l;
TargetResetInit();
LcdInit();
while(1)
{
DisplayRow (1," SPJ EMBEDDED ");
DisplayRow (2," Technologies ");
}
76
No switches are there to turn ON/OFF I2C EEPROM
Output:
In this program after pressing any key from SW2 to SW17, its code will be displayed on 16x2 Text
LCD.
Result:
Thus interfacing of LCD with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully
Exercise:
1. Develop an embedded C code to scroll the text from left to right in LCD display.
77
Ex. No. 10 INTERFACING EXTERNAL INTERRUPT

DATE:
Aim :
To interface External Interrupt with LPC1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Main function
Step 3: Initialize INIT interrupt pin
Step 4: Level sensitive mode on EINT1
Step 5: Low active or negative edge sensitive
Step 6: Clear EINT0 interrupt flag
Step 7: Set flag
Step 8: Clear EINT1 interrupt flag
Step 9: Check flag and clear flag
Step 10: Stop
Program:
#include "target.h"
//#define EINT0_IRQn (1<<18)
void EINT0_IRQHandler(void)__irq;
unsigned char Eint0Detect = 0;
unsigned int DisplayTime = 0 ;
void InitEint0(void)
{
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL4 |= 0x00100000 ; // Initialize EINT1 Interrupt Pin

LPC_SC->EXTMODE |= 0x00 ; // Level sensitive mode on EINT1
LPC_SC->EXTPOLAR |= 0x00 ; // Low-active or Negative edge sensitive
LPC_SC->EXTINT = 0x02; // Clear EINT0 interrupt flag
}
void EINT0_IRQHandler(void)__irq
{
LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR |= 0x00000010;
Eint0Detect = 1 ; // Set flag
LPC_SC->EXTINT = 0x01; // Clear EINT1 interrupt flag
int main (void)

{
TargetResetInit();
__enable_irq();
LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR |= 0x00000010 ; // Configure P1.16 to P1.23 as Output
LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET |= 0x00000010;
78
NVIC_EnableIRQ(EINT0_IRQn);
InitEint0(); // Initialise EINT0
while(1)
{
if(Eint0Detect) // Check flag
{
Eint0Detect = 0 ; // Clear flag
LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = (LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET | 0x00000010);
}
}
}
To connect SW19.2 switch to EINT1 of LPC1768, keep it in ON position
Output:
EINT1 is configured as Low-active, Level Sensitive. Therefore if SW18 switch is pressed then D11
LED
will glow for that much of time only.
Note: Keep SW19.2 switch in OFF position, after execution of program.
Result:
Thus interfacing of external interrupt with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully
Exercise:
1. Develop an embedded C code to produce multiple interrupts.
79
Ex. No. 11 INTERFACING STEPPER MOTOR

DATE:
Aim :
To interface Stepper Motor with LPC1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Assign the values for the phase A,B,C,D
Step 3: Configure the pins as GPIO and assign the pin as output in Port0 and set the LED as OFF
Step 4: Configure the pins P0.28 to P0.31 as GPIO and also as output
Step 5: Set the LED OFF in Port1
Step 6: Configure the pins P0.28 to p0.31 as GPIO and as output in Port2
Step 7: Set the LEDs OFF
Step 8: Move the Stepper Motor in clockwise direction
Step 9: Phase D is excited to rotate in clockwise direction
Step 10: Phase C is excited to rotate motor and call delay
Step 11: Phase B is excited to rotate the motor and call delay
Step 12: Phase A is excited to rotate motor and call delay
Step 13: Stop
Program:
#define PHASEA 0x00000009 // Phase A value 1001

#define PHASEB 0x00000005 // Phase B value 0101
#define PHASEC 0x00000006 // Phase C value 0110
#define PHASED 0x0000000A // Phase D value 1100
unsigned int delay ; // Delay function definition
int main(void)
{
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 = LPC_PINCON->PINSEL0 & ~ 0x0000000F ;
LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR = LPC_GPIO0->FIODIR | 0x00000003 ;
LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET = LPC_GPIO0->FIOSET | 0x00000003 ;
// SET (1) P0.28 to P0.31, LEDs OFF
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1 = LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1 & ~ 0x00000003 ;
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL4 = LPC_PINCON->PINSEL4 & 0XFFFFFF3F ;

80
while(1)
{
// Move stepper motor in anti clockwise direction
LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR = LPC_GPIO0->FIOCLR | 0x00000001 ;

//LPC_GPIO2->FIOSET = PHASED ;
// Phase D is excited to rotate the motor
//LPC_GPIO2->FIOCLR = (~PHASED) & 0x0000000F ;
// Phase D is cleared
for(delay=0; delay<80000; delay++) ;
// Small time Delay

//LPC_GPIO2->FIOSET = PHASEC ;
// Phase C is excited to rotate the motor
//LPC_GPIO2->FIOCLR = (~PHASEC) & 0x0000000F ;
// Phase C is cleared
// Small time Delay

//LPC_GPIO2->FIOSET = PHASEB ;
// Phase B is excited to rotate the motor
//LPC_GPIO2->FIOCLR = (~PHASEB) & 0x0000000F ;
// Phase B is cleared
// Small time Delay

//LPC_GPIO2->FIOSET = PHASEA ;
// Phase A is excited to rotate the motor
//LPC_GPIO2->FIOCLR = (~PHASEA) & 0x0000000F ;
// Phase A is cleared
// Small time Delay
}
}
81
No Switches are there to Stepper Motor is connected to P0.28, P0.29, P0.30 and P0.31 through
LEDs D7 to D10.Connect the Stepper motor at connector X3.
Output:
You can see stepper motor moving in a particular direction and corresponding phase changes you
can observe on LEDs D7 to D10.
Result:
Thus interfacing of stepper motor with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully
Exercise:
1. Develop an embedded C code to move the stepper motor in different directions.
82
Ex. No. 12 INTERFACING LM35 (TEMPERATURE SENSOR)

DATE:
Aim :
To interface LM35 (Temperature Sensor) with LPC1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Declare the variables delay, ADC, Temp and Temperature
Step 3: Call the function TargetResetInit()
Step 4: Call the function InitUART0()
Step 5: Call the function ADC_Init()
Step 6: UART0 puts (“ADC LM 35 Test”) function is called
Step 7: Read ADC value
Step 8: Calculate Temperature using Temp, (adc*3.3)
Temperature = (Temp/1023)*100
Step 9: Display the temperature on LCD convert the result for ASCII to delay
Step 10: Delay
Program:
#include "stdio.h"
#include "UART0.h"
#include "target.h"
#define PCADC 0x00001000
char adcreading[16] ; // Variable to hold the ADC converted Value
void ADC_Init (void)

// ADC initialation function
{
LPC_SC->PCONP |= PCADC ;
LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1 = (LPC_PINCON->PINSEL1 |= 0x00010000 );
// P0.4 is configured as ADC Input
}
unsigned int ADC_GetAdcReading ()

{
unsigned int adcdata;
LPC_ADC->ADCR = 0x01200302 ;// Select AD0.7, Select clock for ADC, Start of conversion,
while(!((adcdata = LPC_ADC->ADGDR) & 0x80000000))
// Check end of conversion (Done bit) and read result
{
}
return((adcdata >> 6) & 0x3ff) ; // Return 10 bit result
}
int main (void)
{
unsigned int delay,adc;
float Temp, Temperature;
83
//float adc;
TargetResetInit();
InitUart0();
ADC_Init() ;
// Initiate ADC Setting
UART0Puts("ADC LM35 Test");
// Display ADC Test
while(1)
{
adc = ADC_GetAdcReading(); //
Read AD0.7 reading
// Calculate Temperature
Temp = (adc * 3.3);
Temperature = (Temp / 1023) * 100;
// Display Temperature on LCD
sprintf(adcreading,"\nTemp =%0.03f *C",Temperature) ;

// Convert result into ASCII to display it on LCD
UART0Puts(adcreading) ; //
Display Temperature on LCD
}
}
To interface LM35 (present in Analog Input region on ADT Board) with P0.24 .
Output:
Data Bits: 8, Stop Bits: 1, Echo: Off, Parity: None, Com Port: Com 1 (if other choose it)). Click on
OK. Go to Port -> Open. If required Reset the ADT board. You can see the temperature on Hyper
Terminal changing if you give some heat(even rubbing the sensor produces heat).
Result:
Thus interfacing of LM35 (Temperature Sensor) with LPC1768 is executed and verified
successfully
Exercise:
1. Develop an embedded C code to enable the buzzer when temperature exceeds.
84
Ex. No. 13 INTERFACING ZIGBEE ON SERIAL UART

DATE:
Aim :
To Interface ZIGBEE on Serial UART with LPC1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Enable divisor latch access set 8bit word length, 1 stop bit, no parity bit
Step 3: Disable break transmission
Step 4: Enable bus clock divider
Step 5: Enable divisor latch (LSC)&(MSB)
Step 6: Disable divisor latch access
Step 7: Clear TxFIFO and enable Tx and Tx FIFOs
Step 8: Wait until transmit holding register is empty
Step 9:Then store to transmit holding register and wait until character is to be read
Step 10:Then read from the receiver buffer register
Step 11:stop
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "target.h"
#include "UART0.h"
#include "UART1.h"
#include "lpc_types.h"
int main(void)
{ //char ch1;
char ch;
TargetResetInit();
InitUart0();
InitUart1();
UART0Puts("\nWelcome to Xee-Bee Testing\n");
while(1)
{
if(UART1_IsReady())
{
UART0putchar(UART1_getchar());
}
if(UART0_IsReady())
{
ch = UART0getchar();
printf("%c",ch);
}
}
}
85
Peripheral Interface: (S2 Zigbee)

Mount Zigbee on Zigbee socket/U3 .Switch ON S4.1 and S4.2(for UART1)
Cxx Indicates Co-Ordinator Zigbee.
Rxx Indicates Router Zigbee.
You should use two different Zigbees(Rxx and Cxx)(Ex. R1 and C1) on two different ADT boards.
Output:
Data
Bits: 8, Stop Bits: 1, Echo: Off, Parity: None, Com Port: Com 1 (if other choose it)). Click on OK.
Go to
Port -> Open. If required Reset the ADT board.
Press reset on both boards type something on keyboard of PC that respective key pressed is
transmitted from that PC to another PC using Zigbee.
Result:
Thus interfacing of ZIGBEE on Serial UART with LPC1768 is executed and verified successfully
86
Ex. No. 14 INTERFACING MATRIX KEYBOARD

DATE:
Aim :
To interface Matrix Keyboard with LPC1768.
Algorithm :
Step 2: Define the ports P1.21, P1.20, P1.19, P1.18 for RET pins
Step 3: For scanning assign pins P2.25, p1.26, P1.23, P1.22
Step 4: Assign crystal frequency 12KHz and PLL multiplier as 1
Step 5: Direct the Rs, Rw of LCD as GPIO
Step 6: Call the delay
Step 7: Check whether the key is down or up
Step 8: If the key is down return 1
Step 9: If key is not pressed check for other key
Step 10: if already the key is pressed wait until it is pressed
Step 11: Return the key has been released and it is enable 10-1 also return 0
Step 12: Stop
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "target.h"
#include "UART0.h"
#include "KBD.h"
int i8ch ;
char szTemp[16] ;
int main (void)
{
TargetResetInit();
InitUart0();
UART0Puts("Keypad Test \n");
while(1)
{
i8ch = KBD_rdkbd() ; // Read Keyboard
sprintf(szTemp,"\nKeyCode = %02X",i8ch); // Convert keycode into ASCII to display
it on LCD
UART0Puts(szTemp) ; // Display keycode on 2nd line of LCD
}
}
Result:
Thus interfacing of matrix keyboard is executed and verified successfully.
87
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
Ex. No. 1 INTERFACING BLUETOOTH MODULE
DATE:
Aim :
To write an embedded C code for interfacing Bluetooth Module with ARM CORTEX M3-
LPC2148.
Circuitdiagram
Procedure:
Give +3.3V power supply to LPC2148 Primer Board; connect the 5V adapter with
Bluetooth module which is connected with the LPC2148 Primer Board. There are two
Bluetooth modules are required. One is connected with LPC2148 Primer Board; other one is
connected with PC.First connect the serial cable between LPC2148 Primer board & PC.
Then open the Hyper Terminal screen, select which port you are using and set the default
settings. Now the screen should show some text messages. If the messages are correctly
displayed in Hyper Terminal, then only connect the Bluetooth modules in LPC2148 Primer
Board UART0 & PC.If you are not reading any data from UART0, then you just check the
jumper connections & just check the serial cable is working. Otherwise you just check the
code with debugging mode in Keil.
88
Program:
#define CR 0x0D
#include <LPC21xx.H>
void init_serial (void);
int putchar (int ch);
int getchar (void);
unsigned char test;
int main(void)
{
char *Ptr = "*** UART0 Demo ***\n\n\rType Characters to be echoed!!\n\n\r";
VPBDIV = 0x02; // Divide Pclk by two
init_serial();
while(1)
{
while (*Ptr) { putchar(*Ptr++);
} putchar(getchar()); // Echo terminal
}
}
void init_serial (void)
{
PINSEL0 = 0x00000005; // Enable RxD0 and TxD0
U0LCR = 0x00000083; //8 bits, no Parity, 1 Stop bit
U0DLL = 0x000000C3; //9600 Baud Rate @ 30MHz VPB Clock
U0LCR = 0x00000003;
}
int putchar (int ch)
{
if (ch == '\n')
{
while (!(U0LSR & 0x20));
U0THR = CR;
}
return (U0THR = ch);
}
int getchar (void)
{
return (U0RBR);
}
Result:
Thus, interfacing of GSM module with ARM CORTEX M3- LPC2148 using embedded C
code was executed and verified successfully.
Ex. No. 2 INTERFACING GSM MODULE
DATE:
89
Aim :
To write an embedded C code for interfacing GSM Module with ARM CORTEX M3-
LPC2148.
Circuit Diagram
Procedure:
Give +3.3V power supply to LPC2148 Primer Board; connect the +5V adapter with GSM
module which is connected with LPC2148 Primer Board through UART0. Open the Hyper
Terminal screen, select which port you are using and set the default settings. Now the
screen should show some text messages.
The following Commands and sequence of events performed for sending text message to a
mobile phone through GSM Modem interfaced with microcontroller:
 First select the text mode for SMS by sending the following AT Command to GSM
Modem : AT+CMGF = 1 . This command configures the GSM modem in text mode.
 Send the following AT Command for sending SMS message in text mode along with
mobile number to the GSM Modem : AT+CMGS =+923005281046 . This command
sends the mobile number of the recipient mobile to the GSM modem.
 Send the text message string ("hello!") to the GSM Modem This is a test message
from UART".
 Send ASCII code for CTRL+Z i.e., 0x1A to GSM Modem to transmit the message to
mobile phone. After message string has been sent to the modem, send CTRL+Z to the
micro-controller, which is equivalent to 0x1A (ASCII value).
90
If you not reading any text from UART0, then you just check the jumper connections & just
check the serial cable is working. Otherwise you just check the code with debugging mode
in Keil. If you want to see more details about debugging just see the videos in below link.
Program:
#define CR 0x0D
#include <stdio.h>
void getstring(unsigned char *);
int getchar (void) /* Read character from Serial Port */
void status_ok(void);
void Serial_Init(void);
void delay(unsigned int n);
void main(void)
{
unsigned int
cnt=0x80,m; char xx;
Serial_Init();
delay(50);
while(1)
{
printf("AT\r"); // AT COMMAND FOR INITIALING status_ok();
printf("AT+IPR=9600\r"); // AT COMMAND FOR BAUD RATE status_ok();
printf("AT+CMGR=2\r"); // Reading the message detail // at Index 1 with phone
number, data and time status_ok(); delay(250); printf("ATD9790550124;\r");//AT
COMMAND FOR CALL DIALING delay(250); status_ok();
delay(500);
delay(500);
delay(500);
delay(500);
delay(500);
delay(500);
printf("ATH\r"); // AT COMMAND FOR CALL DISCONNECTING delay(250);
status_ok();
delay(500);
delay(500);
printf("ATDL\r"); // AT COMMAND FOR REDIALING delay(250); status_ok();
delay(500);
delay(500);
printf("ATH\r"); // AT COMMAND FOR ANSWERING THE CALL delay(250);
status_ok();
delay(500);
delay(500);
}
}
void getstring(unsigned char *array)
{
unsigned char temp=0, i=0;
do { temp = getchar();
*array++ = temp;
}
while((temp != '\r') && (temp != '\n'));
91
*array = '\0';
}
int getchar (void) /* Read character from Serial Port */
{
return (U0RBR);
}
void status_ok(void)
{
getstring(y);
while(!(strstr(y,"OK")))
getstring(y);
pointr = strstr(y,"OK");
lcd_cmd(0xc0);
lcd_data(*pointr++);
lcd_data(*pointr);
delay(500);
lcd_cmd(0x01);
}
void Serial_Init(void)
{
PINSEL0 |= 0X00000005; //Enable Txd0 and Rxd0
U0LCR = 0x00000083; //8-bit data, no parity, 1-stop bit
U0DLL = 0x00000061; //for Baud rate=9600,DLL=82
U0LCR = 0x00000003; //DLAB = 0;
}
void delay(unsigned int n)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<12000;j++)
{;
}
}
Result:
Thus ,interfacing of GSM module with ARM CORTEX M3- LPC2148 using embedded C
code was executed and verified successfully
Ex. No. 3 INTERFACING GPS MODULE

92
DATE:
Aim :
To write an embedded C code for interfacing GPS Module with ARM CORTEX M3-
LPC2148.
Circuit diagram
Procedure:
Give +3.3V power supply to LPC2148 Primer Board; connect +5V adapter with GPS
module is connected with the LPC2148 Primer Board. Open the Hyper Terminal screen,
select which port you are using and set the default settings. Now the screen should show
some text messages.
If you are not reading any data from UART0, then you just check the jumper connections &
just check the serial cable is working. Otherwise you just check the code with debugging
mode in Keil. If you want to see more details about debugging just see the videos in below
link.
Program:
93
#define CR 0x0D
void init_serial (void);
int putchar (int ch);
int getchar (void);
unsigned char test;
int main(void)
{
char *Ptr = "*** UART0 Demo ***\n\n\rType Characters to be echoed!!\n\n\r";
VPBDIV = 0x02; // Divide Pclk by two init_serial();
while(1)
{
while (*Ptr)
{
putchar(*Ptr++);
}
putchar(getchar()); // Echo terminal
}
}
void init_serial (void)
{
PINSEL0 = 0x00000005; // Enable RxD0 and TxD0
U0LCR = 0x00000083; //8 bits, no Parity, 1 Stop bit
U0DLL = 0x000000C3; //9600 Baud Rate @ 30MHz VPB Clock
U0LCR = 0x00000003;
}
int putchar (int ch)
{
if (ch == '\n')
{
U0THR = CR;
}
return (U0THR = ch);
}
int getchar (void)
{
return (U0RBR);
}
Result:
Thus ,interfacing of GPS module with ARM CORTEX M3- LPC2148 using embedded C
code was executed and verified successfully
ARM7 LPC2148 Development Board

94
Introduction :
LPC2148 microcontrollers are based on a 32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with real
time emulation and embedded trace support that combine microcontroller with embedded
high-speed flash memory 512 kB. A 128-bit wide memory interface and an unique
accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. In-
System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot loader
software. 10-bit ADCs provide a total of 6/14 analog inputs, with conversion times as low
as 2.44 μs per channel. Single 10-bit DAC provides variable analog output Two 32-bit
timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare channels each), PWM
unit (six outputs) and watchdog. Low power Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent
power and 32 kHz clock input. Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs, two Fast
I2C-bus (400 kbit/s), SPI and SSP with buffering and variable data length capabilities.
Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) with configurable priorities and vector addresses. Up
to 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package.
Onboard Features:
2. All port’s Break-out
3. Power supply pin Break-out
4. 2 Analog potentiometer connected to ADC
5. 4 General Purpose Switches
6. 4 General Purpose LEDs
95
7. 16 *2 LCD
8. PS\2 Keyboard connector
9. UART0 and UART1 connector
10. Reset and Boot switches
11. RTC back-up Battery Cell
12. USB B type Connector
13. ULN2003 Stepper Motor driver
14. I2C based EEPROM
15. Micro-SD card connector
16. Buzzer and Relay
17. Relay connector
18. Stepper motor driver connector
19. XBEE
20. On-chip boot loader
LED: LEDs are connected to Port P0.19 – P0.22 in active LOW Configuration so to turn
ON the LED user has to apply logic low (0) signal at the LED PIN and to turn OFF the
LED apply logic high (1) signal at the LED pin.
96
LCD: LCD (16*2LCD) is placed as shown in picture. Potentiometer is there for

controlling the contrast of LCD. LCD
Buzzer: To enable Buzzer have to connect the jumper as shown. Buzzer is connected to
pin P1.24.
97
Analog Input: This board is features with two external Potentiometers which used to give
precision analog input to ADC pins of ARM microcontroller. These potentiometer can be
connected through jumper(JP3 and JP4) connected to ADC pins P0.28 – AD0.1 and P0.29
– AD0.2.
Switches: Switches are connected to Port P0.10 – P0.13 in active LOW Configuration,
Pulled up by Resistor network, when pressed logic ‘0’ gives else logic ‘1’.
UART0 and UART1: UART0 is used for programming the LPC2148 with on chip boot
loader. It can also be used as general purpose Communication Port/serial port.
UART1 is general purpose Communication Port/serial port.
XBEE: XBEE is a wireless communication device transceiver. This board has

functionality to mount xbee directly to UART1, for that user has to change the jumper
setting as shown.
98
Relay: To enable Relay have to connect the jumper as shown. Buzzer is connected to pin
P1.25.
Stepper motor driver: to enable stepper motor driver change the jumper (JP11 – JP14) as
shown in figure.
99
PYTHON PROGRAMMING PRACTICE

Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming
language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to
express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C++ or
Java.The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large
scale.
Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and

functional programming or procedural styles. It features a dynamic type system and automatic
memory management and has a large and comprehensive standard library.
Python interpreters are available for many operating systems, allowing Python code to run on a
wide variety of systems. Using third-party tools, such as Py2exe or Pyinstaller, Python code can be
packaged into stand-alone executable programs for some of the most popular operating systems, so
Python-based software can be distributed to, and used on, those environments with no need to
install a Python interpreter.
First Python Program
Let us execute programs in different modes of programming.
Interactive Mode Programming
Invoking the interpreter without passing a script file as a parameter brings up the following prompt
−
$ python
Python 2.4.3 (#1, Nov 11 2010, 13:34:43)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
Type the following text at the Python prompt and press the Enter:
>>> print "Hello, Python!"
If you are running new version of Python, then you would need to use print statement with
parenthesis as in print ("Hello, Python!");. However in Python version 2.4.3, this produces the
following result:
Hello, Python!
100
Example Project :1
Python program to display calendar of given month of the year
# import module
import calendar
# ask of month and year

yy = int(input("Enter year: "))
mm = int(input("Enter month: "))
# display the calendar

print(calendar.month(yy,mm))
Example Project : 2
Program to make a simple calculator that can add, subtract, multiply and divide using functions
# define functions
def add(x, y):
"""This function adds two numbers"""
return x + y
def subtract(x, y):

"""This function subtracts two numbers"""
return x - y
def multiply(x, y):

"""This function multiplies two numbers"""
return x * y
def divide(x, y):

"""This function divides two numbers"""
return x / y
# take input from the user

print("Select operation.")
print("1.Add")
print("2.Subtract")
print("3.Multiply")
print("4.Divide")
choice = input("Enter choice(1/2/3/4):")
num1 = int(input("Enter first number: "))

num2 = int(input("Enter second number: "))
if choice == '1':
101
print(num1,"+",num2,"=", add(num1,num2))
elif choice == '2':

print(num1,"-",num2,"=", subtract(num1,num2))
elif choice == '3':

print(num1,"*",num2,"=", multiply(num1,num2))
elif choice == '4':

print(num1,"/",num2,"=", divide(num1,num2))
else:
print("Invalid input")
Example Project :3
# Python program to convert decimal number into binary, octal and hexadecimal number system
# Take decimal number from user

dec = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
print("The decimal value of",dec,"is:")

print(bin(dec),"in binary.")
print(oct(dec),"in octal.")
print(hex(dec),"in hexadecimal.")
Example Project :4
# Program to add two matrices using nested loop
X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
Y = [[5,8,1],
[6,7,3],
[4,5,9]]
result = [[0,0,0],
[0,0,0],
[0,0,0]]
# iterate through rows

for i in range(len(X)):
# iterate through columns
for j in range(len(X[0])):
result[i][j] = X[i][j] + Y[i][j]
for r in result:
print(r)
102
Example Project :5
Python Code for "Guess the Number"
import random
guesses_made = 0
name = raw_input('Hello! What is your name?\n')
number = random.randint(1, 20)

print 'Well, {0}, I am thinking of a number between 1 and 20.'.format(name)
while guesses_made < 6:
guess = int(raw_input('Take a guess: '))
guesses_made += 1
if guess < number:

print 'Your guess is too low.'
if guess > number:

print 'Your guess is too high.'
if guess == number:
break
if guess == number:
print 'Good job, {0}! You guessed my number in {1} guesses!'.format(name, guesses_made)
else:
print 'Nope. The number I was thinking of was {0}'.format(number)
103
VIVA-VOCE QUESTIONS
1) Explain what is embedded system in a computer system?
An embedded system is a special purpose computer system which is completely

encapsulated by device it controls. It is a programmed hardware device in which the
hardware chip is programmed with specific function. It is a combination of hardware and
software.
2) Mention what are the essential components of embedded system?

Essential components of embedded system includes
 Hardware
 Processor
 Memory
 Timers
 I/O circuits
 System application specific circuits
 Software
 It ensures the availability of System Memory
 It checks the Processor Speed availability
 The need to limit power lost when running the system continuously
 Real Time Operating System
 It runs a process as per scheduling and do the switching from one process to another
3) Mention how I/O devices are classified for embedded system?

The I/O devices of embedded system are classified into two categories
 Serial
 Parallel
4) Why embedded system is useful?
With embedded system, it is possible to replace dozens or even more of hardware logic gates,
input buffers, timing circuits, output drivers, etc. with a relatively cheap microprocessor.
5) Explain what are real-time embedded systems?

Real-time embedded systems are computer systems that monitor, respond or control an
external environment. This environment is connected to the computer system through
actuators, sensors, and other input-output interfaces.
6) Explain what is microcontroller?

The microcontroller is a self-contained system with peripherals, memory and a processor that
can be used as embedded system.
104
7) Mention what is the difference between microprocessor and microcontroller?

Microprocessor is managers of the resources (I/O, memory) which lie outside of its
architecture
Microcontroller have I/O, memory, etc. built into it and specifically designed for control
8) What does DMA address will deal with?

DMA address deals with physical addresses. It is a device which directly drives the data and
address bus during data transfer. So, it is purely physical address.
9) Explain what is interrupt latency? How can you reduce it?

Interrupt latency is a time taken to return from the interrupt service routine post handling a
specific interrupt. By writing minor ISR routines, interrupt latency can be reduced.
10) Mention what are buses used for communication in embedded system?
For embedded system, the buses used for communication includes
 I2C: It is used for communication between multiple ICs

 CAN: It is used in automobiles with centrally controlled network
 USB: It is used for communication between CPU and devices like mouse, etc.
While ISA, EISA, PCI are standard buses for parallel communication used in PCs, computer
network devices, etc.
11) List out various uses of timers in embedded system?

Timers in embedded system are used in multiple ways
 Real Time Clock (RTC) for the system

 Initiating an event after a preset time delay
 Initiating an even after a comparison of preset times
 Capturing the count value in timer on an event
 Between two events finding the time interval
 Time slicing for various tasks
 Time division multiplexing
 Scheduling of various tasks in RTOS
12) Explain what is a Watchdog Timer?

A watchdog timer is an electronic device or electronic cards that execute specific operation
after certain time period if something goes wrong with an electronic system.
13) Explain what is the need for an infinite loop in embedded systems?
Embedded systems require infinite loops for repeatedly processing or monitoring the state of
the program. For instance, the case of a program state continuously being verified for any
exceptional errors that might just happen during run-time such as memory outage or divide
by zero, etc.
105
14) List out some of the commonly found errors in Embedded Systems?
Some of the commonly found errors in embedded systems are
 Damage of memory devices static discharges and transient current

 Address line malfunctioning due to a short in circuit
 Data lines malfunctioning
 Due to garbage or errors some memory locations being inaccessible in storage
 Inappropriate insertion of memory devices into the memory slots
 Wrong control signals
15) Explain what is semaphore?

A semaphore is an abstract data type or variable that is used for controlling access, by
multiple processes to a common resource in a concurrent system such as multiprogramming
operating system. Semaphores are commonly used for two purposes
 To share a common memory space

 To share access to files
16) When one must use recursion function? Mention what happens when recursion
functions are declared inline?
Recursion function can be used when you are aware of the number of recursive calls is not
excessive. Inline functions property says whenever it will call; it will copy the complete
definition of that function. Recursive function declared as inline creates the burden on the
compilers execution.
17) What are the Processors in Embedded systems?
 General Purpose Processor (GPP) Microprocessor. Microcontroller. ...

 Application Specific System Processor (ASSP)
 Application Specific Instruction Processors (ASIPs)
 GPP core(s) or ASIP core(s) on either an Application Specific Integrated Circuit
(ASIC) or a Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuit.
18)What is the need for an infinite loop in Embedded systems?
- Infinite Loops are those program constructs where in there is no break statement so as to get
out of the loop, it just keeps looping over the statements within the block defined.
Example:
While(Boolean True) OR for(;;);

{
//Code
}
106
19)What are the characteristics of embedded system?
The Characteristics of the embedded systems are as follows-

1. Sophisticated functionality
2. Real time behavior
3. Low manufacturing cost
4. Low power consumption
5. User friendly
6. Small size
20) What are the types of embedded system?
They are of 4 types

1. General computing
2. Control System
3. Digital Signal Processing
4. Communication and network
21) Why we use embedded systems?
Embedded systems avoid lots of electronic components and they have rich built in
functionality. They reduce the cost and maintenance cost and the probability of failure of
embedded system is less so embedded system are in very much use now a days.
22) What are the languages used in embedded system?
Assembly language and C are basically used for embedded system. Java and ADA are also
preferred.
23) What are the commonly found errors in Embedded Systems?
- Damage of memory devices due to transient current and static discharges.

- Malfunctioning of address lines due to a short in the circuit
- Malfunctioning of Data lines.
- Some memory locations being inaccessible in storage due to garbage or errors.
- Improper insertion of Memory devices into the memory slots
- Faulty control signals.
24) What are the examples of embedded system?
An example of embedded system includes ATMs, cell phones, printers, thermostats,

calculators, and videogame consoles. Handheld computers or PDAs are also
considered embedded devices because of the nature of their hardware design, even though
they are more expandable in software terms.
107
25) What is embedded system programming?
Embedded programming is a specific type of programming that supports the creation of

consumer facing or business facing devices that don't operate on traditional operating systems
the way that full-scale laptop computers and mobile devices do.
26) What is an embedded developer?
Embedded software is computer software, written to control machines or devices that are not
typically thought of as computers. It is typically specialized for the particular hardware that it
runs on and has time and memory constraints.
27)What is embedded c?
The C standard doesn't care about embedded, but vendors of embedded systems usually
provide standalone implementations with whatever amount of libraries they're willing to
provide. C is a widely used general purpose high level programming language mainly
intended for system programming.
28) What is main difference between C and embedded C?
As, embedded C is generally an extension of the C language, they are more or less similar.
However, some differences do exist, such as: C is generally used for desktop computers,
while embedded C is for microcontroller based applications. C can use the resources of a
desktop PC like memory, OS, etc.
108
THE FLOWCHART SYMBOLS AND THEIR USAGE
109
110

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Panimalar Engineering College Dept of ECE EC6711-Embedded Laboratory

PANIMALAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

JAISAKTHI EDUCATIONAL TRUST

ACCREDITED BY NATIONAL BOARD OF ACCREDITATION (NBA)

Bangalore Trunk Road, Varadharajapuram, Nasarathpettai,

Poonamallee, Chennai – 600 123.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

EC6711 – EMBEDDED LABORATORY

IV ECE- VII SEMESTER

To emerge as a centre of excellence in providing quality education and produce technically

faculty members to meet the Challenges of Electronics and Communication Engineering

future career, viz placement and higher education.

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

using the knowledge acquired from basic science and mathematics.

2. To train students with good scientific and engineering breadth so as to comprehend,

4. Prepare graduates to exhibit professionalism, ethical attitude, communication skills,

engaging in lifelong learning.

5. To practice professionally in a collaborative, team oriented manner that embraces the

multicultural environment of today’s business world.

1. Engineering Knowledge: Able to apply the knowledge of Mathematics, Science,

Engineering fundamentals and an Engineering specialization to the solution of complex

complex Engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of

Mathematics, Natural sciences, and Engineering sciences.

3. Design / Development of solutions: Able to design solution for complex Engineering

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Able to use Research - based knowledge

and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

and modern Engineering IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex

Engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.

responsibilities relevant to the professional Engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Able to understand the impact of the professional

Engineering solutions in societal and environmental context, and demonstrate the

knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.

responsibilities and norms of the Engineering practice.

9. Individual and Team work: Able to function effectively as an individual, and as a

member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Able to communicate effectively on complex Engineering activities

presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest contest of

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

1. Graduates should demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts in the primary

EC6711 EMBEDDED LABORATORY LTPC0032

OBJECTIVES: The student should be made to:

 Write programs in ARM for a specific Application

4 Hardware Description of ADT V1.1(Development Board) 12

5 ARM CORTEX M3 – LPC1768 13

Pin Connections and Configurations of LPC1768 with I/O Peripherals in 44

7 RTOS on LPC1768 (Implementing Mail Box ) 47

2 Interfacing Buzzer with LPC1768 57

3 Interfacing Switch(Digital Input and output) with LPC1768 58

4 Interfacing ADC with LPC1768 60

5 Interfacing DAC with LPC1768 62

6 Interfacing LED and PWM (RGB) with LPC1768 64

7 Interfacing Real Time Clock on Serial UART 66

8 Interfacing I2C based EEPROM with LPC1768 70

9 Interfacing LCD with LPC1768 72

10 External Interrupt of LPC1768 74

11 Interfacing Stepper Motor with LPC1768 76

12 Interfacing LM35 with LPC1768 79