Cartography.

MOOC

Exercise
Make a Map

Section 1 Exercise 3
04/2019
 Cartography. MOOC

Make a Map

Instructions
Use this guide and ArcGIS Pro to reproduce the results of the exercise on your own.
Note: The version of ArcGIS Pro that you are using for this course may produce slightly
different results from the screen shots that you see in the course materials.

Time to complete
Approximately 60-90 minutes.

Software requirements
ArcGIS Pro 2.3.2
ArcGIS Pro Standard license (or higher)
Note: For students using their existing ArcGIS Online organizational account, refer to this
Common Question (https://bit.ly/2UAo4xK) to ensure you have the required privileges.

Introduction
A map is a graphic—either static or dynamic—that conveys a geographical story. In other
words, a map is a visual thing that communicates spatial things. All three aspects—visual,
spatial, and communication—are vital to the success of your map.
Sometimes, the story is about intangible or invisible phenomena. Sometimes, it's about how
something changed over time. And sometimes, it is just a detailed accounting of the reality of
a place.
The spatial component of your map is the data that you use to tell the story. Making sure that
your data is relevant and authoritative is vital to ensuring that your map is credible.
The visuals are the symbols, symbology methods, text, and layout elements that you choose
to support your story. It is through these elements that you tell your story.
And the communication is how you tell that story. This is the most nebulous part of the
process, but it is what can make the difference between an ordinary map and a compelling
one. The design choices set the tone and clarity of your map and dictate how the map
communicates.

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What will you learn?

This course will teach you the balance between the art and science aspects of mapmaking. To
begin, this exercise teaches you the mechanics of making a map in ArcGIS Pro. You'll get
comfortable with ArcGIS Pro and learn how to create a project to store your work.
In this exercise, you'll make a small-format reference map of the U.S. state of Massachusetts
to print.
Note: If this is your first time using ArcGIS Pro, you may find the ArcGIS Pro Terminology
Guide (https://bit.ly/2tjqTmD) helpful.

Step 1: Download the exercise data files

In this step, you will download the exercise data files.

a Open a new web browser tab or window.

b Go to https://bit.ly/2Hdq3ik, and download the exercise data ZIP file.

Note: The complete URL for the exercise data ZIP file is http://cartperiod.maps.arcgis.com/
home/item.html?id=4b8b5b54a9fc4f3bb0180facdfbf59ab. The file is 24MB.

c Extract the files to a folder on your local computer, saving them to a location that you will
remember.

Step 2: Open an ArcGIS Pro project, sign in, and add data to a new map
You will start by opening a project package from the data that you downloaded and sign in to
ArcGIS Pro.
From Windows File Explorer, browse to the location where you saved your data, and double-
click the Sec1Ex3_MakeAMap_InitialState.ppkx file to open the exercise project in ArcGIS Pro.

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You will use the contents of the exercise project package to make your map.

a If necessary, sign in to ArcGIS Pro using your course ArcGIS credentials as documented in
your credentials table.
If you do not have a credentials table, complete Section 1 Exercise 1: Obtaining your
course credentials and Section 1 Exercise 2: Accessing ArcGIS Pro for this course which
are required exercises for all students.

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You will use the Catalog pane to access a database containing the data for the Make A Map
project. The Catalog pane provides an inventory of items in your project and the commands
to manage them.

b If necessary, open the Catalog pane:

1. On the ribbon, click the View tab.

2. In the Windows group, click Catalog Pane.

c In the Catalog pane, expand Databases and expand the Sec1Ex3_MakeAMap_initialstate

project database.

d Press the Ctrl key on your keyboard and click each feature class in the project
geodatabase except the Institutions_MA feature class to select them.

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e Right-click the selection, point to Add To New, then choose Map.

Note: Optionally, you can choose to work with the Institutions_MA feature class at the end of
the exercise in one of the stretch goals.
A new map is created with a basemap that provides a background of geographical context.
The map is zoomed to the extent of the data layers in the northeastern part of the United
States.

Note: ArcGIS Pro randomly assigns colors, so the colors in your map may differ.

f Close the Catalog pane and the Catalog view.

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The left side of the ArcGIS Pro window displays the Contents pane, which lists the layers
contained in the current map. In the Contents pane, you can manage the display of layers,
symbology, and other layer properties.
Hint: To open the Contents pane from the ribbon, click View, and in the Windows group, click
Contents.
Using the check boxes next to the layer names in the Contents pane, you control which layers
are drawn in the map or scene at any given time. You can remove the World Topographic
basemap because it is not needed in the general reference map that you will make.

g In the Contents pane, right-click the Topographic basemap layer and choose Remove.

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Step 3: Set the map properties

Next, you'll set some properties to make your map better.

a In the Contents pane, right-click Map and choose Properties to open the Map Properties
dialog box.

Note: You can also double-click Map to open its properties.

On the General tab, in the Name field, you can see that the map is currently named Map.

b In the Name field, type Massachusetts as the new name for the map.

c Click the Metadata tab.

It's good practice to include metadata for your map. When someone else goes to use your
map in the future, the metadata provides context and understanding of what the map is for
and where the data came from. Refer to ArcGIS Pro help for more information about
metadata (https://bit.ly/2HtXwFC).

d On the Metadata tab, type a title for your map, such as Reference Map of
Massachusetts.

e Add some descriptive tags, such as Massachusetts, Places, Highways, and any others
that you'd like.

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f Type a summary for the map, such as General reference map of the state of
Massachusetts.

g Finally, type a description for your map, such as This reference map shows the northeast
region of the United States and focuses on the state of Massachusetts.
You can use the Summary and Description shown in the following graphic, or you can write
your own.

h After providing the metadata, click the Coordinate Systems tab on the left side of the
dialog box.
Maps and scenes use coordinate systems (https://bit.ly/2qih20s) to locate and display data
correctly on the earth's surface and relative to one another. A coordinate system is a reference
framework that defines the position of features in either two- or three-dimensional space.
In a GIS map, you work with geographic data through layers. Layers are collections of
geographic data, such as features or imagery.
Currently, all layers in your map are unprojected in the WGS 1984 geographic coordinate
system. Unprojected coordinate systems apply the geographic coordinates of the (nearly)
spherical globe to the page or screen on a rectangle. This is why the states look a bit
stretched. A projected coordinate system applies a mathematical adjustment to the
coordinates to project their image onto the page or screen.
Projected coordinate systems all have limitations, but you can choose and manage the
specific limitations to meet the needs of your map.
You will change the coordinate system for your map to an Albers projection (https://bit.ly/
2qnA4RZ). Albers is an equal-area projection, which keeps the size of areas on the map true to
their size relative to the globe. This comes at the price of minor scale and shape distortions.

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The Great Lakes Basin Albers projection is designed to minimize distortions specifically in the
Great Lakes Basin area of North America. You'll learn more about coordinate systems in
Section 2 Exercise 1 - Working with Map Projections.

i On the Coordinate Systems tab, scroll down the list of coordinate systems and find and
expand the Projected Coordinate System section.

j Expand the Continental section and the North America section.

k Click the NAD 1983 Great Lakes Basin Albers projection to select it.

l Click OK to apply the coordinate system and close the Map Properties dialog box.

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Because the Albers equal-area projection minimizes distortion, it is well-suited for areas of
interest that trend east-west, like Massachusetts. You will notice that Massachusetts no longer
looks "stretched."

Step 4: Symbolize a layer

The data was added to the map with areal (polygon) features like counties and parks at the
bottom of the Contents pane list so that they draw first, below other features. The linear (line)
features like highways and railways draw above them. Finally, single-dimension point features
draw on top. You can reorder layers in any way.

a In the Contents pane, if necessary, move the Counties_northeast layer to the bottom of
the layer list, below all other features in the list.
Note: To move a layer, click and drag it to a new location in the Contents pane.

b Press Alt and click the check box to the left of the Counties_northeast layer.

All the other layers turn off.

You want your reference map to showcase the state of Massachusetts. You can use symbology
(https://bit.ly/2KBTzi1i) to highlight Massachusetts and make it the focus of your reference
map.

c In the Contents pane, click the name of the Counties_northeast layer to select it. It will be
highlighted with a blue box.

d From the ribbon, on the Feature Layer tab, click the Appearance tab.

e In the Drawing group, click Symbology to open the Symbology pane.

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f In the Symbology pane, click the Primary Symbology drop-down list at the top of the
pane.
Various options for symbolizing your layer appear. You can symbolize feature layers in
different ways depending on the type of data that you're showing. Refer to ArcGIS Pro help to
learn more about symbolizing feature layers (https://bit.ly/2JzHWZz).
Because you want to showcase one feature in the map (the state of Massachusetts), you will
use unique-value symbology.

g Choose Unique Values.

Each state in the map has a unique value—its name. You will use that information to apply a
different symbol to Massachusetts.

h From the Field 1 drop-down list, choose STATE_NAME.

i Press Ctrl, and in the grid at the bottom of the Symbology pane, click each state name
except Massachusetts.

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j Right-click anywhere in the Value or Label columns of the selected state names and
choose Remove.

Massachusetts is now highlighted with a unique symbol to distinguish it from the other states,
which are all drawn with the symbol defined for "all other values".

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Step 5: Create a custom color style

First you will modify the symbology of the states surrounding Massachusetts.

a In the Symbology pane, next to All Other Values, click Format Symbol.

The Format Polygon Symbol pane opens. You will use the Format Symbol mode of the
Symbology pane to change symbols as they are applied to features. This mode of the pane
has two primary tabs: Gallery and Properties.
The Gallery tab gives you access to a gallery of existing symbols, where you can pick an
existing symbol.
The Properties tab gives you access to all the properties of the current symbol. This tab gives
you complete control over the symbol's appearance.

b Click the Properties tab.

The Properties tab contains three secondary tabs. The first is the Symbol tab , which
contains the basic high-level properties of the symbol. You will modify the selected symbol
and create a custom color.

c Click the Symbol tab, if necessary.

d Expand the Appearance section and, for Color, click the down arrow to open the color
palette.

e You could choose a color from the color palette, but for this exercise, click Color
Properties to open the Color Editor.

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Because you are making a map for hard-copy printing, you will change the color model to
CMYK. CMYK is a subtractive color model that relates to subtractive output. Printing colored
ink, usually in Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, or blacK, subtracts from the white light reflected from
the page. This contrasts with an additive color model like RGB, where Red, Green, and Blue
light from within your monitor add together to change your dark monitor to bright white.

f Set the Color Model to CMYK with the following values:

• Cyan = 10%
• Magenta = 10%
• Yellow = 20%
• Black = 5%

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g Click Save Color To Style and name your custom color States.

h Click OK twice to close the open dialog boxes.

i In the Format Polygon Symbol pane, if necessary, for Outline Color, choose No Color and
set Outline Width to 0 pt.

j At the bottom of the pane, click Apply.

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All the states except Massachusetts now appear in a solid color with no county lines visible.
Now you will create another custom color style for the symbol used for Massachusetts.

k At the top of the Format Polygon Symbol pane, click the Back arrow to return to the
Symbology pane.

l In the grid at the bottom, click the symbol for Massachusetts to open the Format Polygon
Symbol pane.

m Using the same steps, remove the outline and set the symbol color of the fill to CMYK
with the following values:

• Cyan = 5%
• Magenta = 5%
• Yellow = 15%
• Black = 0%

n Save this color to your Favorites style and name it Massachusetts.

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o Click OK twice to return to the Format Polygon Symbol pane.

p Change the Outline Color to No Color, and change the Outline Width to 0, and then click
Apply.

q Close the Symblogy pane.

The map display updates with the new symbols.

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Using light colors for background information better supports the more detailed features that
will appear on the background. You can use related colors to indicate related things. The two
colors used in your current map are similar, but a brighter version is used to make
Massachusetts the focal point.
As you work, it's a good idea to periodically save your map.

r On the ArcGIS Pro ribbon, click the Project tab, and then click Save As.

s Browse to your Sec1Ex3_MakeAMap folder on your computer, and save your map as
Sec1Ex3_MyMassachusettsMap_yourfirstandlastname.aprx.
Note: Throughout the course exercises, you will be prompted to save your work with a unique
identifier, such as your first and last name, at the end of the filename, so you don't overwrite
the original project. You can leave the greater than and less than signs off, as ArcGIS Pro does
not allow certain symbols in filenames.

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Step 6: Use transparency to set visual hierarchy

Visual hierarchy is the presentation of features on a map in a way that implies relative
importance, usually achieved with visual contrast. In this step, you will use transparency to set
visual hierarchy.

a In the Contents pane, if necessary, click and drag the UrbanAreas_MA layer down so that
it is the second layer from the bottom, and then turn it on.

Because you are now focusing on the various layers for the state of Massachusetts, you can
zoom in closer to better see the features.
When you work with maps and scenes in ArcGIS Pro, you need to zoom in and out and move
around. Refer to ArcGIS Pro help to learn more about navigation in ArcGIS Pro (https://bit.ly/
2Jy0aLb).
You can use your mouse to zoom in, or use the navigation tools on the Map tab in the
Navigate group. For this exercise, you will zoom to the layer.

b In the Contents pane, right-click UrbanAreas_MA and choose Zoom To Layer.

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This time, as a shortcut, you will set the color for the layer directly from the Contents pane.

c If necessary, in the Contents pane, to the left of the UrbanAreas_MA layer, click the down
arrow to expand the layer so that its symbol appears below the layer name.

d Right-click the symbol, and in the Favorites section, pick the States color that you
previously saved.
Hint: Point to the color patches to see the names.

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e Right-click the symbol again and choose Color Properties to open the Color Editor.

f Make this color 50% transparent to lighten it.

g Click OK to apply your change and close the Color Editor

Any color used anywhere in ArcGIS Pro can have transparency. By using an existing color in
the map as a starting point, it is easier to find colors that will work harmoniously in your map.
Now the urban areas are subtly implied with a darker fill but still won't overpower or interfere
with features that appear above them.

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If there is an outline on the urban areas symbol, you will turn it off. The edges of urban areas
are already implied by the color change, and they are in reality subjective features.

h In the Contents pane, click the UrbanAreas_MA layer symbol to open the Format Polygon
Symbol pane.

i On the Properties tab, click the Symbol tab , if necessary.

j In the Appearance section, set the Outline Color to No Color and set the Outline Width
to 0 pt to remove outlines from the urban areas.

k Click Apply to update the symbol.

l Close the Symbology pane.

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m Save your map.

Hint: On the ribbon, click the Project tab and choose Save.

Step 7: Use data attributes to differentiate public lands

In your map, the Parks_MA layer contains area features of different types, such as national
parks, state parks, and so on. You can symbolize them to differentiate between the types of
parks.

a In the Contents pane, make sure that the Parks_MA layer appears just above the
UrbanAreas_MA layer, and then turn it on and ensure that it is selected.
Hint: A layer is turned on when a checkmark appears to the left of the layer name in the
Contents pane. A layer is selected when a blue highlight box appears around the layer name
in the Contents pane.

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b Challenge: Use what you have learned so far to draw the Parks_MA layer with the
following information:

• Use Unique Values and the FEATTYPE attribute value for each type of park.
• Make National Park Or Forest CMYK 40 20 50 10 with no outline, and save the color
to your favorites as National.
• Make State Parks Or Forest CMYK 30 15 35 5 with no outline, and save the color to
your favorites as State.
• Do not include Local Park or Regional Park.

Note: For the complete set of steps for this challenge, go to the end of this exercise and
review the Solution: Step 7b Challenge section.

c To also remove symbology for All Other Values, in the Symbology pane, click the More
drop-down list and uncheck Show All Other Values.

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In the Contents pane, the Parks_MA layer legend should look like the following graphic when
you are done.

d Challenge: Update the layer to appear like the following graphic in the Contents pane.

Note: For the complete set of steps for this challenge, go to the end of this exercise and
review the Solution: Step 7d Challenge section.
If you complete the challenges, your map should look like the following graphic.

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Now you will look at the line features in the map.

Step 8: Use the symbol gallery to symbolize line features

In the Contents pane, the next layer from the bottom of the list should be Highways_MA. This
layer contains line features representing the different types of highways in the state.

a If necessary, drag the Highways_MA layer immediately above the Parks_MA layer (or
Public Lands layer if you renamed it in the last step).

b Turn on the Highways_MA layer, and, if necessary, expand its contents.

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All highway and road features are currently using the same line symbol. There is nothing to
visually distinguish an interstate highway from a major road.

c Using the HwyClass field in the Symbology pane, use what you have learned to symbolize
this layer and differentiate the four different highway types.
Note: There is no reason to show <all other values>.

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Now each highway type symbol is a different colored line.

Note: ArcGIS Pro randomly assigns colors to the line features, so your results may not exactly
match the graphic.
To streamline the process of modifying symbols, you can use symbols available in the symbol
gallery. The gallery shows symbols of the current type (in this case, line symbols) that are
contained in the project styles.

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You can browse the ready-made symbols in the symbol gallery to find a suitable symbol, or
you can search for one by typing a search term. You will choose existing symbols from a
gallery for each of the highway types and modify them.

d Either in the Contents pane or in the Symbology pane, click the symbol for Interstate
Highways.

e In the Format Line Symbol pane, click the Gallery tab, and then click the first symbol
called Highway.

The new symbol is applied to all Interstate Highway features. Looking at the map, it's now
more obvious where those features are located within the state.

f Similarly, symbolize both the State Highways and the US Highways with the same Major
Road symbol.

Hint: At the top of the Format Line Symbol pane, click the Back arrow and then select the
symbol that you want to format. Another option is to select the symbol that you want to
format from the Contents pane.

g Finally, symbolize the Major Roads with the Minor Road symbol.

h After symbolizing the highways, save your map.

The roads and highways are now classified, but if you zoom in and out, you can see that
several improvements can be made.

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Depending on how far you are zoomed in, the roads and highways may look overly thick or
too thin. This is because the map doesn't have a reference scale set.

Step 9: Set the map reference scale

A map reference scale (https://bit.ly/2GNG7GC) establishes the scale at which symbols are
true to their set size. When a reference scale is set, symbols remain a constant size in relation
to geography, regardless of the view scale. Without a reference scale, the symbols remain a
constant size in relation to the screen, regardless of the view scale. Because you are making a
hard-copy map for output, you will set the reference scale to the output scale of the final map.

a Below the map view, use the map scale control to set the view scale to 1:1,000,000.

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b In the Contents pane, at the top of the list, right-click Massachusetts and choose Set
Reference Scale.

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c Zoom in and out again to see the difference.

Note: You can see and modify the reference scale from the Map Properties dialog box on the
General tab.

But, now the symbols seem excessively wide in relation to the rest of the map. The rounded
ends overlap the edges of the state and look out of place.

Step 10: Modify a gallery symbol

You can improve the appearance of the symbols by modifying them.

a In the Contents pane, click the symbol for Interstate Highways.

b In the Format Line Symbol pane, click the Properties tab and click the Symbol tab.
The composite line symbol is 4.2 points wide. Composite symbols are made up of more than
one symbol layer. In this case, two stroke symbol layers make up the line symbol.

c Change the Line Width to 2.8 pt, and then click Apply.

d Click the Layers tab .

From this tab, you can adjust the two strokes that make up the composite line symbol
independently.

e Click the first stroke symbol layer to highlight it, if necessary.

f Expand the Caps & Join section, and if necessary, change the Cap Type to Round.

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g At the bottom of the pane, zoom in on the preview of the symbol.

Hint: Click in the preview box and use your mouse wheel to zoom in on the line symbol. You
can also click and drag the symbol left or right to see its ends.

h Highlight the other stroke and if necessary, set its Cap Type to Round.

i Click Apply.

j Similarly, set the symbol size for the remaining classes as follows:

Class Line Width Cap Type

Major Roads 1.4 pt Round
State Highways 2 pt Round
US Highways 2 pt Round

Hint: Be sure to set the Cap Type for both strokes for each class.

k When you are finished, your map should look like the following graphic.

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The weights of the line symbols and their appearance along the state boundary are improved,
but they are not ordered correctly, and each segment is drawing independently. Ideally, the
road segments should look visually connected, and the smaller roads should draw below the
larger ones.

l Return to the Symbology pane for the Highways_MA layer.

Hint: If the Format Symbol pane is open, click the Back arrow to get to the Symbology pane.
In the grid of highway classes, the classes are listed alphabetically.

m In the grid, click and drag the Major Roads class to the bottom of the list.
Hint: Drag it by the Value or Label field.

This update will make a more sensible order in the Contents pane but does not affect the
order in which the symbols draw on the map. To control that, you'll use symbol layer drawing.

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Step 11: Use symbol layer drawing

As you've learned, the order in which features draw in a map—how they overlap each
other—is dictated by the order of the layers in the Contents pane. But, for layers with more
than one symbol class, like the Highways_MA layer in this map that has four symbol classes,
you need to use symbol layer drawing to adjust the drawing order of the symbol classes
within the layer.
Symbol layer drawing (https://bit.ly/2JzIy1j) specifies the drawing order of symbols on maps.

a At the top of the Symbology pane, click the Symbol Layer Drawing button .

b Turn on the Enable Symbol Layer Drawing option.

Each symbol class is now set to Join, meaning that the lower symbol layers (in this case, wider
and darker) in each symbol draw first, with the upper (narrower and lighter) drawing above, for
each symbol class, implying a sense of connectivity. Each symbol class draws independently in
the order specified in the Drawing Order list.

c If the Major Roads group is not at the bottom of the list, click and drag it to the bottom.
Note: The order of layers in the Drawing Order section of the Symbology pane should match
the graphic below.

Because you are not differentiating between the State Highways system and the US Highways
systems in this map—they are drawn with the same symbol—you must ensure that they look
visually connected, too. You can do this by merging the two symbol classes. Merged symbol
classes draw all of their bottom symbol layers first from both symbol classes, followed by all of
the top symbol layers from both symbol classes. In other words, the two symbol classes are

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treated as one from a drawing order perspective. Currently, they appear separated, as shown
in the following graphic.

d Change the drawing setting of US Highways to Join And Merge.

Note: If the Join And Merge option is not available, return to step 8 and ensure you have
applied the correct symbology.
This merges the current symbol class (US Highways) with the one immediately above it in the
drawing order (State Highways).

Now the wider, darker stroke symbol layers of both symbol classes draw below the narrower,
lighter stroke symbol layers of both symbol classes.

Step 12: Label point features on the map

A label is a piece of text on the map that is dynamically placed and whose text string is
derived from one or more feature attributes.
Labeling adds descriptive text to features in a map or scene. It is a fast way to add text to
your map because it lets you avoid having to add text for each feature manually. This can be
useful if your data is expected to change or you are creating maps at different scales.

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ArcGIS Pro uses the Maplex Label Engine, which gives you access to label placement
properties for additional control over your labels. You will learn more about labeling in Section
4 Exercise 1 - Labeling a Map.
Note: ArcGIS Pro has two labeling engines: the Standard Label Engine (https://bit.ly/2JCzSar)
and the Maplex Label Engine (https://bit.ly/2qnFf4t).
Because the urban areas are shown as darker polygons, indicating where the built-up areas of
population are, you don't necessarily need to show dots or other point symbols for the cities.
Sometimes, it's beneficial to use features for labeling but not show the features themselves. In
this case, you will use the Places_MA point features to place the city names without a point
symbol.
The Places_MA points layer appears at the top of the list of layers in the Contents pane, which
means that these features will draw on top of all other layers in the map. Currently, the
features in this layer are symbolized with a small colored point symbol. You will add labels to
these features.

a In the Contents pane, turn on the Places_MA layer and ensure that it is selected.

b On the ribbon, under Feature Layer, click the Labeling tab.

c In the Layer group, click Label.

The Label button turns labels on and off. When labels are turned on, the button is blue and
labels appear for each of the point features in the layer.
There are 244 features in this layer, which creates a lot of labels! Perhaps there are too many
for a map of the whole state. It would be better to label just the larger cities.

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You will open the Places_MA layer attribute table to better understand the data.

d In the Contents pane, right-click the Places_MA layer and choose Attribute Table.
The attribute table lists the attributes and data associated with the points in the layer.

e Scroll through the records in the attribute table and examine the available information.
Note that you have population information and classification. There is a mix of incorporated
cities and census-designated places, which are just a concentration of people. For your map,
you will only show cities with at least 15,000 people.

f Close the attribute table.

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You can set a definition query (https://bit.ly/2NMtDlC) to identify the cities that meet this
criteria.

g In the Contents pane, right-click the Places_MA layer and choose Properties.
Note: In the Contents pane, you can also double-click the layer name to open the Layer
Properties dialog box.

h In the Layer Properties dialog box, on the Definition Query tab, from the drop-down,
select Create A New Query.
You will add two clauses—one where the class is equal to City and one where the 2015
population is greater than or equal to 15,000 people.

i Set the first field to CLASS.

j Set the operator to Is Equal To, if necessary, and set the third field to City.

k Click Add.

l Click Add Clause to add another clause.

m Set the first field to And, if necessary.

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This field is a Boolean operator (https://bit.ly/2AXd1pV) that is used to combine the two
clauses so that the result is only features that meet both criteria.

n Set the second field to POP2015.

This field contains the 2015 population.

o Set the operator to Is Greater Than Or Equal To.

p In the last field, type a value of 15000, and then click Add.
Hint: If you receive an error that your SQL expression has invalid syntax, make sure that there
is no comma in the value that you typed.

q Click the green check mark to verify that your query expression is valid.
The definition query should look like the following graphic.

r Click OK to run the query.

The map display updates, and fewer place labels appear on the map.

s Open the attribute table for the Places_MA layer again.

You should see only 51 cities listed in the attribute table.

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Note: You can also see how many records are selected without opening the attribute table. If
you right-click the layer name, point to Selection, and choose Select All, the number of
selected features will appear in the bottom-right corner of the map.

t Close the attribute table.

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Step 13: Set label placement properties

The map has fewer points now and labels and looks less cluttered. However, the placement of
the labels is, in some cases, not ideal. You have control over the placement of labels for the
point features using label placement.

a In the Contents pane, confirm that the Places_MA layer is selected.

b From the Labeling tab, in the Label Placement group, click the expander to open the
Label Class pane.

c On the Position tab, expand the Placement section, and confirm that Best Position is
selected.

d Click the Fitting Strategy tab , expand the Stack section, and confirm that the Stack
Label check box is checked.

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e Click the Symbol tab and expand the Appearance section.

f Set the following values:

• Font = Candara Regular, 7 pt

• Color = Gray 70%

Hint: Pause your pointer over the color choices in the color palette to view color names.
Using dark gray for text instead of full black is an effective way to tone down the contrast and
noise of a map. Be aware, however, that if your labels are small and you don't have control
over how your map readers may print your map, text will remain crisper and clearer if 100%
black is used.

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g Click Apply, and then close the Label Class pane.

The map display updates again, and there is a noticeable improvement in the size and
position of the labels. Because there is no need to include the point symbols in the map, you
will remove the city dots.

h On the Symbology pane, click the small dot symbol to open the Format Point Symbol
pane.

i On the Properties tab, click the Layers tab, if necessary, and in the Appearance section,
set the following parameters:

• Color = No Color
• Outline Color = No Color

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 Cartography. MOOC

j Click Apply, and then save the project.

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 Cartography. MOOC

Your goal with this exercise was to create a printable map. Now that you've enhanced the
map by adjusting the drawing order of features and applied different cartographic techniques
to better communicate the map's purpose, it's time to prepare the map for printing.

Step 14: Make a layout

A page layout is a collection of map elements organized on a virtual page designed for map
printing. You will create a layout for your map of Massachusetts that includes a legend, scale
bar, and title.

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Note: Refer to ArcGIS Pro Help to learn more about layouts in ArcGIS Pro (https://bit.ly/
2HcT7ZH).
First, you will create the layout (https://bit.ly/2OpWNY2).

a From the Insert tab, in the Project group, click New Layout.

b From the drop-down list, in the ANSI - Landscape section, choose Letter (8.5" x 11").

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In your map of Massachusetts, the state appears longer horizontally than vertically, so a
landscape orientation is most appropriate.
A new blank layout opens. On the ribbon, a Layout tab appears, which contains tools unique
to layouts.
Next, you will add a map frame, which is a page layout element used to display the contents
of a map on a layout.

c From the Insert tab, in the Map Frames group, click the Map Frame down arrow and
select your Massachusetts map.
Hint: Remember, your map is named Massachusetts.

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d Click near the upper left corner and drag a rectangle towards the lower right corner on
the page, to place the map frame.

e In the Contents pane, right-click Map Frame and choose Activate to activate the map
frame so that you can navigate and interact with the map.

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f At the bottom of the map, in the map scale control box, type 1,250,000, if necessary, and
then press Enter.
Note: You can type just the denominator of the scale without commas into the box and the
ratio will be determined by ArcGIS Pro.

g From the Layout tab, in the Map group, click Close Activation.

h Use the handles of the map frame to enlarge it on the page so that all of Massachusetts is
shown in the frame. Be sure to keep a reasonable margin (about half an inch) between the
edge of the map frame and the edge of the page. If necessary, re-activate the map frame
and pan the map to re-center it within the frame after you have resized it.

Step 15: Add a legend to the map

Map surrounds (https://bit.ly/2qjWXGY) are specific types of supporting elements associated
with a map, such as a legend, a scale bar, a title, and information about the map author.
A legend tells the map reader the meaning of the symbols used to represent features on the
map.

a On the Insert tab, in the Map Surrounds group, click Legend.

Your pointer symbol will change.

b In the upper-right corner of the layout's white space, click and drag a rectangle.
Your map legend is added to the layout. Your legend includes all the layers from your map, so
you can remove unnecessary layers.

c In the Contents pane, expand Legend and uncheck Places_MA, UrbanAreas_MA, and
Counties_northeast to remove these items from the legend display.

d In the Contents pane, under Legend, select and then right-click Highways_MA and
choose Properties.

e In the Format Legend Item pane, in the Show section, uncheck everything except Label
(Or Layer Name).

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f From the Text Symbol tab, click the Properties secondary tab, expand the Appearance
section, and set the font as follows:

• Font name = Candara Regular

• Size = 7 pt
• Color = Gray 70%

g Click Apply.

h In the Contents pane, select Parks_MA (or, if you renamed it, Public Lands).

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i In the Format Legend Item pane, click the Legend Item tab.

j In the Show section, uncheck everything except Headings and Label (Or Layer Name).

k From the Text Symbol tab, click Properties, if necessary, and then expand the Appearance
section and set the font as follows:

• Font name = Candara Regular

• Size = 7 pt
• Color = Gray 70%

l Click Apply.

m Close the Format Legend Item pane.

n Use the handles to resize the legend as necessary.

o Click and drag the legend to place it near the upper-right corner of the page, roughly
top-justified with the northernmost part of the state and roughly right-justified with the
easternmost part of the state.

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Note: Be sure to expand your legend so that the Highways and Public Lands (Parks And
Forests) information is visible.
Next, you will add a scale bar to the map.

Step 16: Add a scale bar to the map

Scale bars (https://bit.ly/2HbVzQ8) provide a visual indication on the map of the size of
features and the distance between features on the map.

a From the Insert tab, in the Map Surrounds group, click the Scale Bar down arrow.

b In the Imperial section, choose Scale Line 1.

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c In the map, draw a rectangle in the lower-right corner of the page to place the scale bar.

d In the map, right-click the scale bar and choose Properties.

e At the top of the Format Scale Bar pane, click the Scale Bar down arrow and choose
Numbers.

f On the Properties tab, expand the Appearance section, set the font to Candara Regular, 7
pt, Gray 70%, and then click Apply.

g At the top of the Format Scale Bar pane, click the Numbers down arrow and choose Units.

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 Cartography. MOOC

h Set the font to Candara Regular, 7 pt, Gray 70%, and then click Apply.

i Follow the same steps to change the color of Division Marks and Subdivision Marks to
Gray 70%.

j Resize the whole scale bar on the page by clicking and dragging the handles until the
scale bar is about 2.5 inches wide and shows a distance of 40 miles.

k Reposition the scale bar to the lower-right corner of the page, roughly right-justified with
the easternmost portion of the state.

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 Cartography. MOOC

l Close the Format Scale Bar pane.

Step 17: Add text elements to the map surround

Text elements can be added to the map surround to provide additional information for the
map reader.
First, you will add a title to the map surround.

a On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click the New down arrow and select Text.

b Click near the upper-left corner of the map, and type Massachusetts as the title for your
map.

c In the Contents pane, right-click the Text element and choose Properties.

d In the Format Text pane, on the Text Symbol tab, click the Properties tab and then expand
the Appearance section.

e Set the font to Candara Bold, 36 pt, Gray 70%, and then click Apply.

f If necessary, click and drag the text frame to move it, above the state.
To finish your map, you will add your name and the date.

g Repeat the previous steps to add your name and the date to the lower-left corner of the
map in Candara Bold, 7 pt, Gray 70%.

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 Cartography. MOOC

h Save the project.

Step 18: Export or print your map

When you are finished with your map layout, you can export it or print it.

a From the Share tab, in the Export group, click Layout.

b Browse to the location of your project file, name the layout Map of Massachusetts,
ensure that it will be saved as a PDF, and click Export.

c If you are connected to a printer and want to print your map layout, from the Share tab, in
the Print group, click Layout.

d When you are finished, save your project and exit ArcGIS Pro.

Conclusion
Congratulations! If you're new to ArcGIS Pro, you've made your first map. You have explored
much of the ArcGIS Pro user interface, including the ribbon, the Catalog pane, the Contents

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 Cartography. MOOC

pane, and detailed property panes for symbology, labeling, and legend elements. You've
worked with a map, layers, and a layout within a project.
You've learned how to symbolize and label layers; some basic symbol editing and label
placement techniques; and how to work with color. You went beyond the defaults by setting a
map projection and a reference scale and establishing symbol layer drawing.
You will become familiar with the many areas of the app that you worked with as you go
deeper into the properties and settings in the upcoming exercises in the course.

Stretch Goals
Throughout this course, you will see exercise stretch goals. These goals include ways that you
can continue or enhance the work that you completed during the exercise. Stretch goals are
community supported and a great opportunity to work together to learn together.
If you would like to continue working with the map that you just made, here are some ideas:

• Give it a different look. Maps are graphic communication. Give your map a different
style and message by using a different color palette, different symbols, different fonts, or
a different layout arrangement.
• Adjust the map scale. What would you change if you were making a map of the Boston
area in Massachusetts? Think about the reference scale, symbol sizes, and labeling
choices. Would you be able to add additional data?
• Add additional data. The project database includes a layer of institutional buildings
(Institutions_MA) that is not used in the main exercise. How would you show these
buildings (with clarity) on a larger-scale map?

Use the Lesson Forum to post your questions and observations. Be sure to include #stretch
hashtag in the posting title.
If you did some experimenting on your own beyond the steps of an exercise, we'd love to
hear about and see what you did! On the other hand, if you completed a map based on the
exercise steps, that's awesome! But, there's no need to share it in the Forum.

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 Cartography. MOOC

Solution: Step 7b Challenge

In the Step 7b Challenge, you were instructed to draw the Parks_MA layer as follows:

• Use Unique Values and the FEATTYPE attribute value for each type of park.
• Make National Park Or Forest CMYK 40 20 50 10 with no outline, and save it to your
favorites as National.
• Make State Parks Or Forest CMYK 30 15 35 5 with no outline, and save it to your
favorites as State.
• Do not include Local Park or Regional Park.

The complete set of actions to accomplish this step is as follows:

a In the Symbology pane, for Symbology field, from the drop-down list, choose Unique
Values.

b From the Field 1 drop-down list, select FEATTYPE.

Next, you will change the appearance for national parks and forests.

c At the bottom of the pane, in the grid, click the color patch for National Park Or Forest.

d In the Format Polygon Symbol pane, on the Properties tab, click the Symbol tab, if
necessary.

e In the Appearance section, click the Color drop-down list and choose Color Properties.

f In the Color Editor, set the Color Model to CMYK.

g Set the color values as follows:

• Cyan = 40%
• Magenta = 20%
• Yellow = 50%
• Black = 10%

h Click Save Color To Style, and save the style as National.

i Click OK twice to return to the Format Polygon Symbol pane.

j Set the Outline Color to No Color and the Outline Width to 0.

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k Click Apply.

l At the top of the Format Polygon Symbol pane, click the Back arrow.
Now you will change the appearance for state parks and forests.

m In the grid at the bottom of the Symbology pane, click the color patch for State Park Or
Forest.

n In the Format Polygon Symbol pane, in the Appearance section, click the Color drop-
down list and choose Color Properties.

o In the Color Editor, set the Color Model to CMYK.

p Set the color values as follows:

• Cyan = 30%
• Magenta = 15%
• Yellow = 35%
• Black = 5%

q Click Save Color To Style, and save the style as State.

r Click OK twice to return to the Format Polygon Symbol pane.

s Set the Outline Color to No Color and the Outline Width to 0.

t Click Apply.

u At the top of the Format Polygon Symbol pane, click the Back arrow.
Finally, you will remove local and regional parks.

v At the bottom of the Symbology pane, in the grid, right-click Local Park and choose
Remove.

w Using the same method, remove the Regional Park symbol.

Solution: Step 7d Challenge

In the Step 7d Challenge, you were challenged to update the Parks_MA layer to appear like
the following graphic in the Contents pane.

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The complete set of actions to accomplish this step is as follows:

a In the Contents pane, double-click the Parks_MA layer to open the Layer Properties
dialog box.

b From the General tab, update the Name to Public Lands, and then click OK to close the
dialog box.

c At the bottom of the Symbology pane, in the field at the top of the grid, change the value
from FEATTYPE to Parks and Forests, and then press Enter.

d Double-click in the National Park Or Forest label field to edit the label.

e Change National Park Or Forest to National . and press Enter

f Double-click in the State Park Or Forest label field to edit the label.

g Change National Park Or Forest to State and press Enter/

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