JUnit testing

Contents:
• Introduction to jUnit testing
• Assertions
• Annotations
• Test case and Test Suite
• Evaluate Test out put
• Scrap Book
 JUnit – the Java’s Unit Testing Framework

:: Introduction

In Java, the standard unit testing framework is known as JUnit.

Test Cases and Test Results are Java objects.

JUnit was created by Erich Gamma and Kent Beck, two authors best known for Design
Patterns and eXtreme Programming, respectively.

Using JUnit you can easily and incrementally build a test suite that will help you
measure your progress, spot unintended side effects, and focus your development
efforts.

3
 JUnit UML diagram

<Test>
run(TestResult)

TestCase
TestSuite
setUp
tearDown
 JUnit – the Java’s Unit Testing Framework
:: Key JUnit Notions

Tested Class – the class that is being tested.

Tested Method – the method that is tested.

Test Case – the testing of a class’s method against some
specified conditions.

Test Case Class – a class performing the test cases.

Test Case Method – a Test Case Class’s method
implementing a test case.

Test Suite – a collection of test cases that can be tested
in a single batch.

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 JUnit – the Java’s Unit Testing Framework
:: TestCase Class

The class TestCase has four important methods – run(), setUp(), tearDown() and
runTest().

TestCase.run() applies Template Method pattern

public void run(){

setUp();
runTest();
tearDown();
}

The Template Method pattern “defines the skeleton of an algorithm in an operation,

deferring some steps to subclasses”.

All Test Case classes need to be subclasses to the TestCase class.

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 Assertions
• Assertions are defined in the JUnit class Assert
– If an assertion is true, the method continues
executing.
– If any assertion is false, the method stops
executing at that point, and the result for the
test case will be fail.
– If any other exception is thrown during the
method, the result for the test case will be
error
– If no assertions were violated for the entire
method, the test case will pass.

• All assertion methods are static methods

 JUnit Assert class
Method name Description
assertEquals Asserts that two objects or primitives are
equal. Compares objects
using equals method, and compares primitives
using == operator.
assertFalse Asserts that a Boolean condition is false.
assertNotNull Asserts that an object is not null
assertNotSame Asserts that two objects do not refer the same
object. Compares
objects using != operator
assertNull Asserts that an object is null.
assertSame Asserts that two objects refer to the same
object. Compares objects
using == operator.
assertTrue Asserts that a boolean condition is true.
fail Fails the test.
 JUnit – the Java’s Unit Testing Framework
:: Basics - JUnit 3

1. Create the class that you want to test.

2. Build the test class - with the needed imports and extensions for JUnit.

Extend this class from junit.framework.TestCase.

Name all the test methods with a prefix of ‘test’.
3. Code the actual test cases.

Validate conditions and invariants using one of the several assert methods.
import junit.framework.*;
public class TestFailure extends TestCase { Test Case Class

public void testSquareRootException() { Test Case Method

try {
SquareRoot.sqrt(-4, 1); Tested Class and Method
fail("Should raise an exception");
} Assertion Statement
catch (Exception success) { … }
}
} JUnit & Eclipse 9
 JUnit – the Java’s Unit Testing Framework
:: Basics – JUnit 4

Tests are identified by an @Test annotation and we no longer need to prefix

our test methods with “test”.

This lets us follow the naming convention that best fits our application.

import junit.framework.*;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestAddition extends TestCase {

private int x = 1;
private int y = 1;
@Test public void addition()
{
int z = x + y;
assertEquals(2, z);
}
}
JUnit & Eclipse 10
 Annotations

The @Ignore annotation says to not run a test

@Ignore("I don’t want Dave to know this doesn’t work")
@Test
public void add() {
assertEquals(4, program.sum(2, 2));
}

You shouldn’t use @Ignore without a very good
reason!
 JUnit – the Java’s Unit Testing Framework
:: TestCase Class – SetUp

JUnit test runners automatically invoke the setUp() method before running
each Test Class.

This method typically initializes fields, turns on logging, resets environment
variables, and so forth, i.e. it sets up a context for the test cases to be
applied.
protected void setUp()
{
System.out.println("Before testing");
}

In JUnit 4, the initialization method no longer needs to be called setUp().

It just needs to be denoted with the @Before annotation.

We can have multiple methods noted @Before, each running before testing.
@Before protected void initialize()
{
System.out.println("Before testing");
} JUnit & Eclipse 12
 JUnit – the Java’s Unit Testing Framework
:: TestCase Class – TearDown

If we need at the end of each test to do a cleanup operation, we can use

JUnit’s tearDown() method. For example we can call the garbage collector
there in case our tests consume large amount of memory.
protected void tearDown()
{
System.out.println(“After testing");
System.gc();
}

In JUnit 4, we can give it a more natural name and annotate it with @After.
@After protected void disposeObjects ()
{
System.out.println(“After testing");
System.gc();
}

JUnit & Eclipse 13

 Unit Testing in Eclipse using JUnit
:: Adding a Test Case to the Project

Once the class we want to test, is created we can start with building the test cases.

To create a test case do

JUnit & Eclipse 14

:: Create your Test Case
 Unit Testing in Eclipse using JUnit
:: Running the Test

From Menu bar [Run  Run As  JUnit Test],

or:

JUnit & Eclipse 16

 Unit Testing in Eclipse using JUnit
:: Test Result Analysis

These two test

case methods
reported failures

JUnit & Eclipse 17

 Unit Testing in Eclipse using JUnit
:: Rerunning the Test

All the test case

methods passed
the test.

JUnit & Eclipse 18

Exercise 01 – Familiar with Assertions &
Annotations
1. Create a package named myTestPackage
a) Write class Calculations create test class
b) Write code for test addition and division without using Assertions.
c) Write code for test addition and division with using Assertions.
d) Write a code for class Factorial and for test Factorial with using Assertions.

2. Under the myTestPackage

a) Write code for class MinMax and test minmax with using Assertions.
b) Get error out put and evaluate

Home Work
a) Write code for class Fibbonachi and test with using Assertions.
b) Get error out put and evaluate
 Test Suite
:: Test Suit - Introduction

We have performed tests on only one class, i.e. we have tested methods under the
consideration they belong to the same class.

In large projects we have many classes with methods that should be tested.

For testing multiple classes Eclipse and JUnit expose the concept of Test Suit.

A Test Suit is a collection of test cases that can be tested in a single batch.

A Test Suite is a simple way of running one program that, in turn, runs all test cases.

JUnit & Eclipse 20

 Unit Testing in Eclipse using JUnit
:: Creating a Test Suit

There are four ways to create a JUnit Test Suite Class. First, select the directory (usually
unittests/) that you wish to create the test suite class in.

Select [File  New  Other...  Java  JUnit  JUnit Test Suite].

Select the arrow of the button in the upper left of the toolbar. Select [Other...
 Java  JUnit  JUnit Test Suite].

Right click on a package in the Package Explorer view in the Java Perspective, and
select [Other...  Java  JUnit  JUnit Test Suite].

You can create a normal Java class, but import the package junit.framework and
extend the TestSuite class.

JUnit & Eclipse 21

 Unit Testing in Eclipse using JUnit
:: Running All Tests

Right click on the test suite class and select [Run As  JUnit Test]

JUnit & Eclipse 22

Exercise 02 – Familiar with Test Suite
1. Use the package myTestPackage

a) Create the test suite for test addition, division and Factorial.
b) Create the test suite for test Factorial and MinMax.

Home Work
1. Create Package named myAllTests
2. Create the test suite for test addition, division , Factorial , MinMax and Fibonacci.
 Scrap Book
• Scrapbook pages allow you to evaluate and
test a small section of code without creating
an entire class.
– To evaluate a code fragment in the scrapbook
page, highlight an expression and select Display
from the pop-up menu.
– Add other classes or packages using Set Imports
Create a New Java Scrapbook Page

• Start the New Java Scrapbook wizard.

– In the Java perspective, select File >New
>Other.
– Expand Java -> Java Run/Debug and select
Scrapbook Page.
– Click Next.
• Specify the name and location for the
new Java scrapbook page.
– Specify a location for the scrapbook page.
– Choose a name for the scrapbook page.
– Click Finish.
– Select the statement to test.
– Right click and execute.
Exercise 03 – Familiar with Scrap Book
1. Create a scrap book named myBook
a) write a test for print “Hello world” for get pass out put
b) write a code snippet for print “Hello world” for get error out put
c) write a code snippet for get the addition of two numbers and print the result.

Home Work
1. Write the code snippets for test addition, division , Factorial , MinMax and
Fibonacci using scrap book.
Session expectations :
- Work with jUnit testing using:
Assertions
Annotations
Test case
Test Suite
Scrap Book

- Analyze the test results of jUnit testing

- Use Scrap Book to generate error free code snippets