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Separately Excited DC Motor - Electronic Components (Systems) - Electronics Tutorial PDF

Separately excited DC motors have separate power sources for the field coils and armature coils. This allows independent control of field and armature currents. The motor's speed can be controlled through various field control methods like adjusting the field rheostat or voltage. Speed can also be controlled through armature control methods like varying the armature resistance or voltage. Separately excited DC motors are commonly used as actuators in industrial applications and for traction in trains.

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483 views3 pages

Separately Excited DC Motor - Electronic Components (Systems) - Electronics Tutorial PDF

Separately excited DC motors have separate power sources for the field coils and armature coils. This allows independent control of field and armature currents. The motor's speed can be controlled through various field control methods like adjusting the field rheostat or voltage. Speed can also be controlled through armature control methods like varying the armature resistance or voltage. Separately excited DC motors are commonly used as actuators in industrial applications and for traction in trains.

Uploaded by

Saurav kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Separately excited DC motor | Electronic

Components ( Systems ) |
www.electronics-tutorial.net

In this section will discuss about separately excited DC motor. Direct current (DC)
motors converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and they works on dc supply.

Type of DC motors
• Permanent magnet type dc motor
• Separately excited dc motor
• DC series wound motors
• Shunt wound DC motor
• Compound DC motor.

In this section we will discuss about the separately excited dc motor. Like other DC
motors, these motors also have both stator and rotor. Stator refers to the static part of
motor, which consists of the eld windings. And the rotor is the moving armature
which contains armature windings or coils. Separately excited dc motor has eld coils
similar to that of shunt wound dc motor. The name suggests the construction of this
type of motor. Usually, in other DC motors, the eld coil and the armature coil both are
energized from a single source. The eld of them does not need any separate
excitation. But, in separately excited DC motor, separate supply Provided for excitation
of both eld coil and armature coil. Figure below shows the separately excited dc
motor.
Here, the eld coil is energized from a separate DC voltage source and the armature
coil is also energized from another source. Armature voltage source may be variable
but, independent constant DC voltage is used for energizing the eld coil. So, those
coils are electrically isolated from each other, and this connection is the specialty of this
type of DC motor.

Equations Of Voltage, current and power for DC motors

In a separately excited motor, armature and eld windings are excited form two
di erent dc supply voltages. In this motor,
• Armature current Ia = Line current = IL = I
• Back emf developed , Eb = V – I Ra
where V is the supply voltage and Ra is the armature resistance.
• Power drawn from main supply , P = VI
• Mechanical power developed ,

Pm = Power input to armature – power loss in armature

Operating characteristics of Separately excited dc motor

Both in shunt wound dc motor and separately excited dc motor eld is supplied from
constant voltage so that the eld current is constant. Therefore these two motors have
similar speed -armature current and torque – armature current characteristics. In this
type of motor ux is assumed to be constant.
• Speed – armature current (N – Ia) characteristics: We know that speed of dc motor is
proportional to back emf / ux i.e Eb / φ . When load is increased back emf Eb and φ
ux decrease due to armature resistance drop and armature reaction respectively
.However back emf decreases more than φ so that the speed of the motor slightly
decreases with load.
• Torque – armature current ( τ – Ia) characteristics : Here torque is proportional to the
ux and armature current . Neglecting armature reaction, ux φ is constant and torque
is proportional to the armature current Ia . τ – Ia characteristics is a straight lien
passing through the origin. From the curve we can see that huge current is needed to
start heavy loads. So this type of motor do not starts on heavy loads.

Speed control of separately excited DC motor


Speed of this type of dc shunt motor is controlled by the following methods:
I. Field control methods: Weakening of eld causes increase in speed of the motor
while strengthening the eld causes decreases the speed. Speed adjustment of this
type of motor is achieved from the following methods:
II. Field rheostat control: – Here a variable resistance is connected in series with the
eld coil. Thus the speed is controlled by means of ux variation.
Reluctance control involving variation of reluctance of magnetic circuit of motor.
Field voltage control by varying the voltage at eld circuit while keeping armature
terminal voltage constant.
III. Armature control methods: Speed adjustment of separately excited DC motor by
armature control may be obtained by any one of the following methods :
i. Armature resistance control: – Here, the speed is controlled by varying the source
voltage to armature. Generally, a variable resistance is provided with the armature to
vary the armature resistance.
ii. Armature terminal voltage control involving variation of variation of voltage in
armature circuit.

Applications OF DC Motors
Separately excited dc motors have industrial applications. They are often used as
actuators. This type of motors is used in trains and for automatic traction purposes.

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