3256 - The Kensington   18

4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 The structure of each section of wall will vary in accordance with
the loads acting on it and which type of plant can access that
Basement Excavation & Wall Basement Wall location and install the wall within the site constraints.

Substructure Construction A stiff, embedded retaining wall will form the basement box,
Prior to construction the effect on the foundations of the
adjacent buildings will be calculated on a case by case basis to
resisting lateral pressures from groundwater, soil and surcharges determine what, if any mitigation measures are required. These
The existing basement condition varies across the site. Two
as well as vertical loads from the basement floor slabs and may include:
At this stage in design, an outline foundation design has been separate single storey basements sit beneath the Odeon, one
structure above. It will be designed to resist ultimate limit state
produced based on the Ground Engineering site investigation each under the north and south elevations. It is currently
forces and to remain within deflection limits determined on •• Reduced rate of construction and completion of shorter
factual report dated April 2007. This investigation characterised understood that the Post Office building and Whitlock House segments of wall during each construction phase
the basis of maximum acceptable ground movements (refer to
the ground conditions in detail, though it is anticipated that have no existing basements. Representative assumptions with
regard to surcharge loads and proposed retaining wall clearances
section 5.6 for further details). •• Injection grouting beneath adjacent foundations (with prior
further site investigation will be undertaken to verify details of agreement through the party wall process)
the existing foundations to the former Post Office building and have been applied in the design to date, which will be verified The proposed retaining wall solution will be robust and has have
the buildings along Earls Court Rd. This information will be used by site investigation in the next stage of design. been used successfully on similar projects in RBKC and London. •• Underpinning of adjacent foundations (with prior agreement
to refine the detailed design. To ensure the suitability and buildability of the wall, the design through the party wall process)
It is proposed that a new four storey basement covers almost
has been developed based on detailed input from two major
In addition, detailed discussions in relation to construction of the entirety of the site, with one and two storey basements
contractors with specialist experience of constructing deep
•• A stiff piling mat will be utilised to provide a stable working
the proposed basement wall were undertaken with specialist under blocks 3/5 and the northern part of block 2 respectively. platform for the plant ensuring accurate installation.
basements on confined sites within London. Based on this input
substructure contractors experienced in this type of project. The The maximum depth of excavation will be approximately 19m
a number of design refinements and construction processes •• Where required by the retaining wall type, screens will be
feedback received was used to establish a suitable wall zone depending on the exact location and the final foundation erected adjacent to the plant to protect adjacent buildings
have been identified:
accounting for construction tolerances, clearances to adjacent solution. It is proposed that the new basement wall will run and members of the public from ‘splashing’ of liquid
structures and feasible wall types based site spatial constraints. behind the Odeon retained facade, with the existing basement materials.
This information was preliminary and exact values will vary in that location being modified to incorporate the foundations
dependent of the final design details and contractor selected, for the new structure above. It is noted that the scheme calls for two new basement lifts
therefore full details will be confirmed at later stages of design. to be formed adjacent to the retained facade. A number of
Prior to excavation of the site, a new, stiff embedded retaining construction options have been investigated. It is proposed to
wall will be installed from ground level. Augmented with utilise sheet piling to form shafts, which will be lined with RC
temporary propping this will facilitate excavation of the walls to provide the permanent structure. Low-vibration, limited
basement without detriment to the adjacent structures and in clearance rigs will be utilised (eg Dawson silent piling press).
the permanent condition will form the basement wall and be Further details are provided in section 4.6.3.
propped by the basement floor slabs.

Extract from preliminary basement plan indicating extent of basement following line of
retained facade for the accommodation of lift shaft access

Image illustrating the basement volume with internal structure omitted for clarity
   3256 - The Kensington   19

4.5.3
Foundations and basement
structure
The basement depth, ground conditions and irregular column
layout make The Kensington well suited to raft foundations
and this is the solution proposed beneath all blocks. Piled
foundations are also a viable option and may be suitable
for some parts of the development depending on the final
construction sequence selected (see below).

The basement floor structure will be of-situ reinforced

concrete (RC) construction. According to the spans and loading
requirements this will be a mixture of flat slab construction and
one-way spanning slabs between down-stand beams. Columns
and walls will also be of RC construction.

Due to the different uses above and below ground, a number

of transfer structures will be utilised, principally below ground
level, to reconcile the structural grids where required. Depending
on the specific load span and spatial requirements these are
either fabricated steel beams, storey height steel trusses or
RC downstand beams. Beneath townhouses 1-4, RC walls are
utilised as deep transfer beams

Based on the proposed raft solution and the arrangement

of transfer structures, it is anticipated that a ‘bottom-up’
construction sequence will be utilised. Therefore as the
basement excavation proceeds downwards temporary props will
need to be installed to restrain the retaining wall. The design
assumes that these will take the form of whalers across the
corners sitting at approximately 1.2m above slab level. The raft
and slabs will be connected into and receive lateral restraint
from the D-wall, where possible using pull-out bar boxes (e.g.
Kwikastrip) or if required post-fixed dowel bars. Late pour strips
will be utilised to minimise stresses arising from early-age
shrinkage. The floor slabs will act as permanent props to the
basement wall. Refer to section 4.6 for further details of the
proposed construction sequence.

Alternatively, for programme reasons it may be desirable to

pursue a full or partial ‘top –down’ sequence utilising plunge
columns in large diameter piles. Due the irregular column grid
and the large number of transfers at ground level the ‘top-down’
scheme may feature:

•• Piles and plunge columns installed from LG1 level (with

basement wall cantilevering to ground level) Indicative cut-away visualisation illustrating nature of structure below ground level

•• Temporary columns – used to facilitate construction, but

redundant in the permanent case and therefore cut-out

•• Raft foundation for permanent foundations, or hybrid with

piles
   3256 - The Kensington   20

4.6
Construction STAGE 1: DEMOLITION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS
STAGE STAGE 5: RAFT C
INCLUDING BASEMENTS EXCEPT ODEAN STAGE1:1:DEMOLITION
DEMOLITIONOF
OFEXISTING
EXISTINGBUILDINGS
BUILDINGS WALLS AND COL
INCLUDING
INCLUDING BASEMENTS
BASEMENTS EXCEPT
EXCEPT ODEAN
ODEAN
FACADE AND LOCAL BASEMENT BENEATH
STAGE 1: DEMOLITION OFBASEMENT
EXISTING BUILDINGS REMOVAL AS CO
FACADE
STAGE
FACADE AND
AND LOCAL
1:BASEMENTS
DEMOLITION BENEATH
OF EXISTING
LOCALEXCEPT
BASEMENT BUILDINGS
BENEATH
WHICH ARE RETAINED USING TEMPORARY
INCLUDING ODEAN UPWARDS AS FL
WHICH ARE
INCLUDING RETAINED
BASEMENTS USING TEMPORARY
EXCEPT ODEAN
PROPPING WHICH
FACADE ANDARE RETAINED
LOCAL USINGBENEATH
BASEMENT TEMPORARY WALLS.
PROPPING
4.6.1 FACADE
PROPPING
WHICH
STAGE 1: DEMOLITION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS
AND LOCAL
ARE RETAINED BASEMENT
USING BENEATH
TEMPORARY
WHICH ARE RETAINED USING TEMPORARY
PROPPING
STAGE 5: RAFT C
INCLUDING BASEMENTS EXCEPT ODEAN WALLS AND COL
PROPPING
Demolition & Temporary Works FACADE AND LOCAL BASEMENT BENEATH
WHICH ARE RETAINED USING TEMPORARY
REMOVAL AS CO
UPWARDS AS FL
PROPPINGSTAGE 1: DEMOLITION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS STAGE 5: RAFT CONSTR
WALLS.
All buildings and substructure on site will be demolished, except INCLUDING BASEMENTS EXCEPT ODEAN WALLS AND COLUMN C
Stage 1 - Removal of Existing Basement Structure and advanced Stage 5 - Construct raft foundation and begin core walls and columns
for the retained facade and the basement and footings directly FACADE AND LOCAL BASEMENT BENEATH
works to form the lift shafts adjacent to the retained facade REMOVAL AS CONSTRU
shown overleaf WHICH ARESTAGE
RETAINED USING TEMPORARY
1: DEMOLITION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS UPWARDS
STAGE 5: RAFTASCONSTRUCT
FLOORS N
beneath. Based on the date of construction it is assumed that PROPPING INCLUDING BASEMENTS EXCEPT ODEAN WALLS AND COLUMN CONS
WALLS.
the Odeon sits on shallow foundations which would be removed FACADE AND LOCAL BASEMENT BENEATH REMOVAL AS CONSTRUCTIO
as part of the demolition and excavation. Similar construction is WHICH ARE RETAINED USING TEMPORARY UPWARDSSTAGE 6: SUBST
AS FLOORS NOW
assumed for the former Post Office building. PROPPING WALLS. COMPLETE. ALL
STRUCTURE CO
Whitlock is a newer construction that occupies the site of STAGE 2: MATERIAL ONSITE PLACED TO FORM2: MATERIAL ONSITE PLACED TO FORM
STAGE
previous building which incorporated a basement. No details PILING MAT FOR SECANT PILE AND D-WALL
STAGEMAT
PILING 2: MATERIAL ONSITE
FOR SECANT PILEPLACED TO FORM
AND D-WALL STAGE 6: SUBST
CONSTRUCTION STAGE 2: MATERIAL
PILING MAT FORONSITE
CONSTRUCTION SECANTPLACED TO FORM
PILE AND D-WALL COMPLETE. ALL
of the substructure are currently available. In discussions with STAGE
PILING MAT2:FOR
MATERIAL
CONSTRUCTION SECANTONSITE PLACED
PILE AND D-WALLTO FORM STRUCTURE COM
the current building manager it was noted that no basement STAGE 2: MATERIAL ONSITE PLACED TOPILING
FORM MAT FOR SECANT PILE AND D-WALL
CONSTRUCTION
existed for the building, this seems to be borne out by the PILING MAT FOR SECANT PILE AND D-WALL
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION STAGE 6: SUBSTRUCTU
details indicated on the survey drawings. On this basis and COMPLETE. ALL LEVELS
having looked at adjacent buildings, it would seem likely that STRUCTURE COMPLETE
STAGE 2: MATERIAL ONSITE PLACED TO FORM STAGE 6: SUBSTRUCTURE C
made ground would exist under and around Whitlock house
PILING MAT FOR SECANT PILE AND D-WALL COMPLETE. ALL LEVELS AN
and this would in turn suggest that piled foundations would CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE COMPLETED.
be the likely foundation system. This will need to be verified at STAGE 2: MATERIAL ONSITE PLACED TO FORM
Stage 2 - Secant and diaphragm wall construction PILING MAT FOR SECANT PILE AND D-WALL Stage 6 - Completion of substructure construction
a later stage. As the building is tightly hemmed in by existing (facade retention structure not shown for clarity)
CONSTRUCTION
buildings to the north and south it would seem likely that piled
foundations along these lines would have to be inset away
STAGE 7: SUPER
from the boundary location, and this would in turn suggest that EXCEPTION OF B
ground beams or a thick raft would be required to pick up the STAGE 7: SUPER
SITE ACCESS
EXCEPTION OF B
columns located on the N and S perimeter of the building. Since STAGE 3: EXCAVATION PROCEEEDS STAGE 3: EXCAVATION PROCEEEDS
SITE ACCESS
the building proposed to replace Block 3 has deep single storey DOWNWARDS WITH TEMPORARY PROPS DOWNWARDS
STAGE 3: EXCAVATION PROCEEEDS STAGESTAGE WITH TEMPORARY
3: EXCAVATION PROPS
PROCEEEDS
3: EXCAVATION PROCEEEDS
INSTALLED ABOVE FUTURE SLAB INSTALLED
LEVELS
STAGE ABOVE FUTURE
3: EXCAVATION
DOWNWARDS SLAB
PROCEEEDSLEVELS
basement (approx 4m) and raft foundation, it is likely that any DOWNWARDS WITH TEMPORARY PROPS DOWNWARDS WITHWITH TEMPORARY
TEMPORARY PROPSPROPS
piles in this location would need to broken down or extracted INSTALLED ABOVE FUTURE SLAB LEVELSDOWNWARDS
INSTALLED
INSTALLED ABOVE WITH
ABOVE TEMPORARY
FUTURE
FUTURE SLABSLABPROPS
LEVELS
LEVELS STAGE 7: SUPERSTRUC
to accommodate the new construction. This would need to be INSTALLED ABOVE FUTURE SLAB LEVELS EXCEPTION OF BLOCK 4
coordinated with installation of the new secant pile wall around SITE ACCESS
STAGE 7: SUPERSTRUCTUR
STAGE 3: EXCAVATION PROCEEEDS
the proposed basement and temporary propping of the adjacent EXCEPTION OF BLOCK 4 AS
DOWNWARDS WITH TEMPORARY PROPS
buildings and pavement vaults (if required) and underpinning. SITE ACCESS
INSTALLED ABOVE FUTURE SLAB LEVELS
STAGE 3: EXCAVATION PROCEEEDS
Temporary works to support the retained facade are covered in DOWNWARDS WITH TEMPORARY PROPS
the Block 1 superstructure section. INSTALLED ABOVE FUTURE SLAB LEVELS
Stage 3 - Begin excavation and install temporary props Stage 7 - Superstructure construction, except Block 4, to provide site
(shown indicatively) access

STAGE
STAGE 8:
8: BLOCK
BLOCK
4.6.2 SUPERSTRUCTU
SUPERSTRUCTU

Construction Sequence STAGE 4: EXCAVATION AND TEMPORARY

STAGE 4: EXCAVATION STAGE 4: EXCAVATION AND TEMPORARY
PROPPING COMPLETE AND TEMPORARY
PROPPING COMPLETE PROPPING COMPLETE STAGE 8: BLOCK 4 CON
STAGE 4: EXCAVATION
STAGE AND AND
4:EXCAVATION
EXCAVATION TEMPORARY
TEMPORARY
The sequence shown adjacent outlines the initial principles STAGE 4: AND TEMPORARY SUPERSTRUCTURE FUL
PROPPING COMPLETE
PROPPING COMPLETE
for constructing The Kensington based on raft foundations PROPPING COMPLETE STAGE 8: BLOCK 4 CONSTR
and a ‘bottom-up’ sequence. Mace have taken these principles SUPERSTRUCTURE FULLY C
STAGE 4: EXCAVATION AND TEMPORARY
and developed a more detailed sequence based on logistical PROPPING COMPLETE
constraints and their construction expertise. This can be found STAGE 4: EXCAVATION AND TEMPORARY
in the separate construction management plan prepared by PROPPING COMPLETE PROJECT THE KENSINGTON TITLE SUBSTRUCTURE CONSTR
Mace. THE KENSINGTON CONSTR
PROJECT
DATE THE KENSINGTONSCALE NTS
11/07/2014 PROJECT
SUBSTRUCTURE
CAD FILENAME 3256-S-SK-321
TITLE

THE KENSINGTON
THE KENSINGTONSCALE NTS
11/07/2014
PROJECT T
Stage 4 - Complete excavation and installation of piles Stage 8 - Completion of Block 4 superstructure fully constructed
DATE 11/07/2014 NTS 3256-S-SK-321
PROJECT
DATE
REV P1 DATE 11/07/2014 DESCRIPTION FOR INFORMATION BY CB CHECKED RH DRAWN CB CHECKED RH SCALE No.
PROJECT 3256
PROJECT
CAD FILENAME
DRAWING No. S-SK-321
DATE 11/07/2014 NTS
11/07/2014
SCALE
REV DATE DESCRIPTION FOR INFORMATION THE KENSINGTON
PROJECTCHECKED DATE 11/07/2014
DATE
TITLE SUBSTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION SCALE NTS
SCALE
BY
   3256 - The Kensington   21

4.6.3
Formation of lift shafts adjacent EXTERNALEXTERNAL
SYSTEM TO
BALLASTED
SYSTEM
CUTTING BACK
STRUCTURE
CUTTING
BALLASTED
RETENTION
BE INSTALLED
EXISTING
STRUCTURE
EXTERNAL

BACK SUPPORT
EXISTING
RETENTION
TO BE INSTALLED
PRIOR
SYSTEM
BALLASTED RETENTION
TO PRIOR
CUTTING
TO BETO
SUPPORT
STRUCTURE
INSTALLED PRIOR TO
BACK EXISTING SUPPORT

to retained facade EXTERNAL BALLASTED RETENTION

SYSTEM TO BE INSTALLED PRIOR TO
CUTTING
EXTERNALBACK EXISTING
BALLASTED SUPPORT
RETENTION
STRUCTURE EXTERNAL
SYSTEM TO BE INSTALLED BALLASTED RETENTION
PRIOR TO
The proposed scheme calls for two new basement lifts to SYSTEM
CUTTING BACK EXISTING
STRUCTURE
TO BE INSTALLED PRIOR TO
SUPPORT
CUTTING BACK EXISTING SUPPORT
STRUCTURE
be formed adjacent to the retained facade. A number of
construction options have been investigated and comparatively
assessed.

It is proposed to utilise sheet piling to form shafts, which will

be lined with RC walls to provide the permanent structure. The
shafts would be expected to be installed prior to construction
of the adjacent diaphragm wall using low-vibration, limited SHADED ZONE
SHADED
INDICATES
ASSUMED ASSUMED
ZONE INDICATES
TRANSFERTRANSFER
BEAM AT
SHADED ZONE INDICATES
ASSUMED
BEAM ATTRANSFER BEAM AT RED ZONESRED
INDICATE
ZONES APPROXIMATE
INDICATE
REDAPPROXIMATE
ZONES INDICATE APPROXIMATE
EXTENT OFEXTENT
DEMOLITION
OF DEMOLITION
FOLLOWING
EXTENT
FOLLOWING
OF DEMOLITION FOLLOWING
clearance rigs will be utilised (eg Dawson silent piling press). GROUND FLOOR
GROUNDLEVEL
SUPPORT SUPPORT
FLOOR LEVEL
FACADE ABOVE
GROUND FLOOR LEVEL
FACADE ABOVE
SUPPORT FACADE ABOVE RESUPPORTRESUPPORT
OF FACADEOF FACADE
RESUPPORT OF FACADE

Internal propping will be utilised within the formed shaft,

MADE GROUND
MADE GROUND MADE GROUND
utilising the balance of earth pressures this affords. SHADED ZONE INDICATES
ASSUMED TRANSFER BEAM AT RED ZONES INDICATE APPROXIMATE
EXTENT OF DEMOLITION FOLLOWING
GROUND FLOOR
SHADED ZONE LEVEL
INDICATES
RIVER TERRACE
RIVER
GRAVELS
TERRACE GRAVELS
RIVER TERRACE GRAVELS SUPPORT INDICATESINDICATES
NEW RC WALL
NEWTIES RESUPPORT
RED
RCINDICATES
WALL
INTO ZONES
TIES
EXISTING
NEW
INTORC OFWALL
FACADE
INDICATE
EXISTING APPROXIMATE
TIES INTO EXISTING
ASSUMED FACADE
TRANSFERABOVE
SHADED
BEAM AT ZONE INDICATES
STRIPRED ZONESUNDER
INDICATE APPROXIMATE
Following construction of the D-wall the shaft may be tied into GROUND FLOOR LEVELASSUMED TRANSFER BEAM AT
GROUND FLOOR LEVEL
SUPPORT FACADE ABOVE
WITH NEWWITH
BEARING IN
CONCRETE
NEW CONCRETE
BEARING
THE NATURAL
IN THE GRAVEL
NATURAL
EXTENT
STRIP FOOTING
WITHSTRIP
NEWUNDER
RESUPPORT
BEARINGSTRATA.
GRAVEL
OF DEMOLITION
FOOTING
CONCRETE
IN THETO
UNDER
OF FACADE
STRATA.
NATURAL TO
FOLLOWING
FOOTING
EXTENTSTRATA.
GRAVEL OF DEMOLITION
TO FOLLOWING
SUPPORT FACADE ABOVE BE PACKEDBETIGHT
PACKED
TO EXISTING.
TIGHT TO
BE EXISTING.
ALLOW
PACKEDFOR TIGHT
ALLOW TOFOR RESUPPORT
EXISTING. ALLOW FOROF FACADE
the main basement volume and progressively excavated. In MADE GROUND LOCAL DEWATERING
LOCAL DEWATERING
WITH TIGHT
WITH
BOARDING
DURINGLOCAL
TIGHT BOARDING
AROUND
CONSTRUCTION
DURING
WITHTO
DEWATERING
AROUND
TIGHT
CONSTRUCTION
LIMIT BOARDING
DURING CONSTRUCTION
TO LIMIT AROUND TO LIMIT
WATER FLOW
WATER
ANDFLOW
WASHING
AND OF
WASHING
WATER
FINESFLOW
OF FINES
AND WASHING OF FINES
the final condition RC liner walls with provide the permanent MADE GROUND
RIVER TERRACE GRAVELS MADE GROUND INDICATES NEW RC WALL TIES INTO EXISTING
WITH NEW CONCRETE STRIP FOOTING UNDER
structure, with an additional RC wall constructed in place of the RIVER TERRACE GRAVELS
RIVER TERRACE GRAVELS
BEARING
INDICATESINNEW
BE PACKED
WITH
THE RC
NATURAL GRAVEL
WALL TIES
TIGHT TO EXISTING.
NEW CONCRETE
INTOSTRATA.
INDICATES
STRIP
EXISTING
ALLOW
FOOTING
TO
FORWALL TIES INTO EXISTING
NEWUNDER
RC
INDICATESINDICATES
APPROXIMATE
APPROXIMATE
INDICATES APPROXIMATE LOCAL DEWATERING DURING CONSTRUCTION
sacrifical sheet piling to form the front wall of the final lift shaft. AVERAGE AVERAGE
PERCHED PERCHED
TABLE LEVEL,
TABLE
WATER AVERAGE
SUBJECT
LEVEL, TO
WATER PERCHED WATER
SUBJECT
TABLETOLEVEL, SUBJECT TO
BEARING
WITH TIGHT TIGHT
BE PACKED
WATER
BOARDING
WITH
IN THE NATURAL NEW
GRAVEL
BEARING
TO EXISTING.
FLOW AND WASHING OF
IN
CONCRETE
AROUND ALLOW
STRATA. TO
TOTHE
LIMIT
FINES
STRIP FOOTING UNDER
NATURAL
FOR GRAVEL STRATA. TO
LOCAL DEWATERING BE PACKED
DURING TIGHT TO EXISTING. ALLOW FOR
CONSTRUCTION
Water resistant concrete detailing and construction will be FLUCTUATION
FLUCTUATION FLUCTUATION LOCAL DEWATERING
WITH TIGHT BOARDING AROUND TO LIMIT
WATER FLOW AND WASHINGWITH TIGHT
DURING CONSTRUCTION
BOARDING AROUND TO LIMIT
OF FINES
WATER FLOW AND WASHING OF FINES
utilised incorporating a water-proofing admixture.
INDICATES APPROXIMATE
AVERAGE PERCHED WATER
TABLE LEVEL,
INDICATES SUBJECT TO
APPROXIMATE
FLUCTUATION INDICATES APPROXIMATE
AVERAGE PERCHED WATER
TABLE LEVEL, SUBJECTAVERAGE
TO PERCHED WATER
FLUCTUATION TABLE LEVEL, SUBJECT TO
FLUCTUATION
LONDON CLAY
LONDON
FORMATION
CLAY FORMATION
LONDON CLAY FORMATION

LONDON CLAY FORMATION

Stage 1 - Assumed
LONDON CLAY FORMATION
existing condition based on record
LONDON CLAY FORMATION
Stage 2 - Installation of external retention system and Stage 3 - New sheet piled shaft constructed using limited clearance, low
information and visual inspection on site construction of new support structure for facade comprising FIGURE 1.2:
FIGURE
vibration rigs with propping installed ; main diaphragm wall constructed
1.2: INDICATIVE
INDICATIVE FIGURE INTERNAL
INTERNAL1.2: INDICATIVE INTERNAL
RC walls and strip footings, with load jacked into new structure TEMPORARY
TEMPORARY
PROPPING and
PROPPING tied
TEMPORARY
REQUIRED into sheet
REQUIRED
PROPPING REQUIREDpiles;
RC lining wall constructed and propping removed
WITHIN SHEET
WITHINPILED
SHEET SHAFT
PILED
WITHIN
SHAFT
SHEET PILED SHAFT
to minimise movement and packed tight; once resupported DURING DURING
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
DURING CONSTRUCTION
existing transfer beams may be cut back
FIGURE 1.2: INDICATIVE INTERNAL
TEMPORARY PROPPING REQUIRED
FIGURE SHEET
WITHIN 1.2: INDICATIVE INTERNAL
PILED SHAFT
TEMPORARY
DURING FIGURE
PROPPING
CONSTRUCTION 1.2: INDICATIVE INTERNAL
REQUIRED
WITHIN SHEET PILED TEMPORARY
SHAFT PROPPING REQUIRED
DURING CONSTRUCTION SHEET PILED SHAFT
WITHIN
DURING CONSTRUCTION

NB: SACRIFICIAL
NB: SACRIFICIAL NB:OF
LINE OF TEMPORARY
LINE SACRIFICIAL
TEMPORARY
SHEET LINESHEET
OF TEMPORARY SHEET
PILES SHOWN
PILES
TOSHOWN
FACILITATE
TO FACILITATE
PILES
EASIERSHOWN
PROPPING
EASIER
TO FACILITATE
PROPPING EASIER PROPPING
ARRANGEMENTS
ARRANGEMENTS
DURING CONSTRUCTION
DURING
ARRANGEMENTS
CONSTRUCTION
DURING CONSTRUCTION
(THRUSTS(THRUSTS
BALANCEDBALANCED
AGAINST(THRUSTS
GROUND)
AGAINSTBALANCED
GROUND) AGAINST GROUND)
INDICATES
INDICATES
NEW RC WALL
NEW RC
TIES
INDICATES
WALL
INTOTIES
EXISTING
NEW
INTO
RCEXISTING
WALL TIES INTO EXISTING
WITH NEWWITH
CONCRETE
NEW CONCRETE
STRIP
WITH
FOOTING
STRIP
NEW CONCRETE
FOOTING
UNDER UNDER
STRIP FOOTING UNDER
BEARING BEARING
IN THE NATURAL
IN THE NATURAL
BEARING
GRAVEL STRATA
GRAVEL
IN THE NATURAL
STRATA GRAVEL STRATA
NB: SACRIFICIAL LINE OF TEMPORARY SHEET
PILES SHOWN TO FACILITATE EASIER PROPPING
NB:ARRANGEMENTS
SACRIFICIAL LINEDURING CONSTRUCTION
OF TEMPORARY SHEET
(THRUSTS
PILES SHOWN BALANCEDNB:AGAINST
TO FACILITATE EASIER GROUND)
SACRIFICIAL LINE OF TEMPORARY SHEET
PROPPING
INDICATES NEW RC WALL TIES INTO EXISTING
ARRANGEMENTS PILES SHOWN
DURING TO FACILITATE EASIER PROPPING
CONSTRUCTION
WITH NEW CONCRETE STRIP FOOTING UNDER
(THRUSTS BALANCED ARRANGEMENTS
AGAINST GROUND) DURING CONSTRUCTION
INDICATESINNEW
BEARING THE RC WALL TIES
NATURAL INTOSTRATA
GRAVEL EXISTING (THRUSTS BALANCED AGAINST GROUND)
WITH NEW CONCRETE INDICATES NEW RC
STRIP FOOTING WALL TIES INTO EXISTING
UNDER
WITH NEW
BEARING IN THE NATURAL CONCRETE
GRAVEL STRATA STRIP FOOTING UNDER
BEARING IN THE NATURAL GRAVEL STRATA Fig: Part plan showing sheet piled wall with typical temporary propping
arrangement to be removed sequentially following construction of RC walls

RED ZONES
REDINDICATE
ZONES INDICATE
APPROXIMATE
RED ZONES
APPROXIMATE
INDICATE APPROXIMATE
EXTENT OF
EXTENT
DEMOLITION
OF DEMOLITION
FOLLOWING
EXTENTFOLLOWING
OF DEMOLITION FOLLOWING
RESUPPORT
RESUPPORT
OF FACADE
OF FACADE
RESUPPORT OF FACADE

RED ZONES INDICATE APPROXIMATE

EXTENT OF DEMOLITION FOLLOWING
RED ZONES INDICATE
RESUPPORT APPROXIMATE
OF FACADE
REDFOLLOWING
EXTENT OF DEMOLITION ZONES INDICATE APPROXIMATE
EXTENT OF DEMOLITION FOLLOWING
RESUPPORT OF FACADE
RESUPPORT OF FACADE
FRONT WALL
FRONT
TO LIFT
WALLSHAFT
TO LIFT
FRONT
SHAFT
WALL TO LIFT SHAFT
CONSTRUCTED
CONSTRUCTED
AFTERWARDSAFTERWARDS
CONSTRUCTED AFTERWARDS

Fig: Part plans indicating extent of proposed RC support

structure and extent of existing structure to be subsequently
deconstructed to permit the new basement to be constructed FRONT WALL TO LIFT SHAFT
CONSTRUCTED AFTERWARDS
FRONT WALL TO LIFT SHAFT
FRONT WALL TO LIFT SHAFT
CONSTRUCTED AFTERWARDS
CONSTRUCTED AFTERWARDS

Fig: Part plan showing final as built condition with RC liner wall and
additional front wall to lift shaft constructed
   3256 - The Kensington   22

4.7 4.7.1 •• Stage 2a: Short term settlement due to construction before
application of brittle finishes
Proposed building

Ground Movements Short term effects

Impact Assessment •• Stage 2b: Short term settlement due to construction after
Load from proposed building at end of construction Ref:
application of brittle finishes
EN1990:2002 Quasi-permanent combination (6.16a)
•• Stage 3a: Consolidation settlement due to building occurring
4.7.1.1 during 100 year design life
Case 1: 1.00ψ2Gk, proposed + 1.00ψ2Qk, proposed

Detailed assessments as outlined below will generally be Soil parameters and design approach •• Stage 3b: Consolidation settlement due to building occurring
Case 2: 0.90ψ2Gk
undertaken at the appropriate stage of design by AKTII Limited. after 100 year design life Where Qk,proposed is determined considering live load reduction
AKTII have extensive experience in the development of designs A detailed assessment of ground movements for comparison by factor αn (Ref: EN 1991-1-1:2002 eq. NA.2)
for deep basements in London and throughout the world. Given against relevant acceptance criteria will be undertaken •• Stage 4a: Long term heave due to gross unload occurring
the size and importance of the project, construction will be during 100 year design life Long term effects
during the detailed design stage to ensure that there is not a
undertaken by an established main contractor and associated detrimental impact on adjacent buildings in the short and long •• Stage 4b: Long term heave due to gross unload occurring Load from proposed building
supply chain with significant experience of such ground works. term. The procedure for implementing this analysis is outlined after 100 year design life
Comprehensive calculation packages will be prepared by AKTII Ref: EN1990:2002 Quasi-permanent combination eq. 6.16a
below.
Limited for Building Control approval at the relevant stage of Through the use of superposition the relevant design conditions
Case 1: 1.00ψ2Gk,proposed + 0.30ψ2Qk, proposed
Preliminary assessments of likely ground movements have been for the affected structures may be determined.
design.
made on the basis of the site investigation results obtained to Case 2: 0.90ψ2Gk
date bench-marked against typical stiffness parameters for the
where Qk,proposed is determined considering live load reduction
London Clay deposits. These preliminary analyses have formed 4.7.1.3 by factor αn (Ref: EN 1991-1-1:2002 eq. NA.2)
the basis of the assessment of the viability of a raft foundation
and retaining wall proposals, which are to be verified in the next
Time dependency effects
stage of design. A detailed design philosophy shall be developed ii. Material factors
With reference to Tomlinson (2001) and Brien & Sharp (2001),
in preparing the Geotechnical Design Report as required
relevant apportioning of the total ground movement into short- Soil parameters
under the provisions of Eurocode 7. Ground modelling for the
and long-term response has been determined.
assessment of ground movements shall principally comprise For the purpose of ultimate limit state design using Type 1
the following analyses addressing both vertical and lateral With reference to Tomlinson (2001), the rate of consolidation combinations (which encompasses the structural design of the
movements: settlement will been assumed to conform to drainage raft, retaining walls and assessment of any secondary effects
model type 1 using the coefficient of consolidation (Cv) generated from tilt of cores, etc.) the undrained shear strength
•• Elastic halfspace analysis of the proposed raft foundation
value as determined by relevant soil tests to be undertaken. will be modified in accordance with EN1997-1:2004 Annex A.
considering short and long term conditions accounting
Consolidation curves shall be derived for the London Clay It follows that the Young’s modulus values derived from the
for variation in pore water pressure and considering time
deposits. It will be assumed that the rate of long term heave undrained shear strength will be subject to the same partial
dependency of movements; use of halfspace model to
development follows the same progression through time. safety factor. When considering serviceability effects the soil
assess vertical ground movements below and adjacent to
parameters will be utilised without the application of partial
the excavation with consideration of rebound heave effects
safety factors.
in both short and long term conditions
4.7.1.4
Concrete
•• Elastic plane-strain 2D section cut analyses for assessment Design standards
of lateral and vertical ground movements in regions adjacent To account for cracking in concrete elements in the short-
to the excavation including the effects of basal heave Design will be undertaken in accordance with Eurocode 7 with term the Young’s modulus for the concrete will be modified
load factors taken from Eurocode 1. All relevant ULS and SLS to 0.75Ecm. To account for the combined effects of creep,
•• Review of predicted ground movements against empirical
derivations and case study data (eg CIRIA C580 data). The cases shall be considered, which in the case of this design are shrinkage and cracking in concrete elements in the long-term
results will be assessed against relevant acceptance criteria likely to comprise structural (STR), geotechnical (GEO) and uplift the Young’s modulus will be modified to 0.60Ecm.
as outlined below in order to secure the relevant formal (UPL) cases. The partial safety factors to be utilised in design
approvals for the works to be undertaken. Any resulting together with the relevant load case combinations are listed
requirements with regard to the Contractors’ methodology below:
will be detailed and enforced through the project
specifications and preliminaries. i. Load factors
Demolition

4.7.1.2 Case 1: 1.00ψ2Gk, existing + 0.30ψ2Qk, existing.

Construction phasing Where all loads are assumed to be uniformly distributed over
the site and the weight of buildings and imposed loads are
The construction phasing shall be considered in the assessment estimated from record information
of time dependency effects. At this stage of design development
the following stages have been identified as critical to one Excavation
or all of the structures that may be affected by the proposed Case 1: 1.00ψ2Gk,soil
development.
Where Gk,soil is equal to the weight of soil in accordance with
•• Stage 1a: Short term heave due to demolition the recommendations of the SI report
•• Stage 1b: Short term heave due to excavation
   3256 - The Kensington   23

4.7.2 In summary:

PERCENTAGE RISE IN EQUIVALENT

Ground Water Flow ULS (STR & GEO) Design Cases: normal conditions γf = 1.35
accidental conditions γf = 1.00
On the basis of the findings from site investigations as outlined Figure 24: Plan diagram showing existing and proposed basement in the
ULS (UPL) Design Cases: normal conditions γf = 1.10 context of the wider ground plane, demonstrating it’s isolated nature. .
elsewhere in this report, a perched water table is thought to
exist on the site overlying the relatively impermeable London
SLS (ALL) Design Case: normal conditions γf = 1.00
Clay deposit. Perched water levels can vary seasonally and are
prone to rapid changes through heavy rain events on permeable
It is expected that the upper layers of the London Clay deposits
surfaces, accidental events (such as burst water mains) and
will contain fissures, leading to penetration of the perched water
the introduction of new underground construction causing
in the long run and the potential to form an increased head
blockages to natural perched water flow. The River Thames is
of water. The depth of penetration is subject to engineering
located approximately 3km to the South and it is assumed that
judgement based on knowledge of the surrounding ground
the ground water flow would be in this direction. The presence
conditions and on site investigation results.
of open green space in nearby Holland Park may also impact on
the prevailing groundwater flow regime. Concrete Basements – Guidance on the design
In common with the existing Odeon basement, the proposed and construction of in-situ concrete basement
basement will extend down into relatively impermeable structures (Narayanan & Goodchild)
London Clay deposits. In contrast to the existing basement, With reference to BS EN1991-4, the use of a partial factor of
but in common with the consented scheme, the proposed 1.2 on the most unfavourable or accidental ULS design case is
basement will extend laterally for the complete width of the site. recommended, this level being taken as ground level unless
Groundwater monitoring has continued, in order to assess the there is high confidence in the water table. The factor of 1.2 is INDICATES
potential impact on peak groundwater levels from interruption in accordance also with the provisions of BS81101:1997 Table 2.1
PREDOMINANTLY
GREENFIELD SITE
of flow within the gravel strata and the need for any resulting for water retaining structures. This additional provision shall be
(PARKLAND)

mitigation measures. It is noted however that the impact adopted in design as the only variation to the Eurocode 7 design
of the proposed development is not anticipated to be procedure, with the exception that the accidental groundwater
significant due to the isolated nature of the proposed level will be taken as 1m below ground level as per BS8102,
basement, the low flow rates in the terrace gravels and which has been the adopted figure in UK construction for many
the background of fluctuating groundwater levels. Any years. It is considered that taking the accidental level at the
NO SHADING INDICATES NO
significant effect which is isolated will be mitigated through the ground surface would be unduly conservative. SIGNIFICANT BELOW GROUND
OBSTRUCTION
construction of a free draining layer to the north of the proposed
basement which will drain any elevated peak groundwater and
return it to the downstream perched water table in a controlled
manner. 4.7.3 DARKER RED INDICATES BASEMENT
LIKELY TO SEVERLY IMPEDE
SURFACE AQUIFER FLOW IE

Surface Water Flow

BASEMENT EXTENDING TO LONDON
CLAY
Groundwater levels for design
The design philosophy in relation to ground water levels to be
With reference to section 3.0, according to the Environment
assumed in design of the permanent works is outlined below for
Agency flood map, the site is not at risk of flooding and
reference. Analysis will be completed at the appropriate stage of
consequently lies in flood zone 1 with a return period of event LIGHTER RED INDICATES BASEMENT NOT
design. EXPECTED TO EXTEND TO LONDON CLAY
of 1 in 1000 years. No change or increase to the extent of THUS ALLOWING FLOW UNDER

BS EN1997-1:2004 & National Annex hard-standing over the site is proposed. New surface drainage
will be installed in areas of hardstanding within the proposed
The Kensington project will be designed to Eurocode 7 (BS development discharging to the public sewer with consent via
PROPOSED SITE
BOUNDARY
EN1997-1:2004 & National Annex) and as such the following new below ground drainage installations. Given the surrounding
limit states shall be considered: public sewer invert levels it is anticipated that the surface water
can be disharged by gravity through the basement at high level
1. Ultimate Limit State (ULS): Design values shall be the most into the public sewers.
unfavourable design conditions that could occur during the
lifetime of a structure during an extreme or accidental event. In order to meet BREEAM requirements, predicted increases
in peak rainwater due to climate change must be attenuated.
2. Serviceability Limit State (SLS): Design (characteristic) values Storage tanks are being located within the site boundary to
shall be the most unfavourable design conditions that could attenuate surface water prior to being discharged into existing
occur in normal circumstances. The option is given to the sewers. A. EXISTING GROUND LEVEL

designer to determine design values for ground water by

either “applying partial factors to the characteristic water
pressures or by applying a safety margin to the characteristic
water level” cl.2.4.6.1(8). Partial safety factors for use under
B. PROPOSED GROUND LEVEL INDICATES INFERRED REGION OF
normal conditions are noted within the code, guidance for 7.50 m 32.75 m
PREDOMINANT SECONDARY AQUIFER
CUT-OFF
accidental conditions comes from 2.4.7.1(3) & the National
Annex. For the uplift design condition UK NA Appendix A
140.00 m
Table A.NA.15 can be used.

FIGURE 1.1: PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF LIKELY EXTENT OF SECONDARY AQUIFER