Beginning Japanese for Professionals: Book 1

 
 
 

 
 
Lesson 3 – SeƩling Down
Author: Emiko Konomi, Portland State University 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 Lesson 3 - Settling Down

Dialogue 1
Michael is checking apartment listings.

Honda: Ii apaato, arimasu ka. Are there any good apartments?

いいアパート、ありますか。
Michael: Sukunai desu nee. Very few.
すく
少ないですねえ。
……

Honda: Kono apaato wa dou desu ka? How about this apartment?
このアパートはどうですか。
Michael: Sou desu nee. Chotto takaku naidesu ka. Let’s see. Isn’t it a little expensive?
たか
そうですねえ。ちょっと高くないですか。

Vocabulary

apaato あぱあと アパート apartment

arimasu あります there is/are, exists
sukunai すくない 少ない be few, there are few
dou どう how
sou desu nee そうですねえ Let me see, I’m thinking
takai たかい 高い expensive
takakunai たかくない 高くない is not expensive
＋manshon まんしょん マンション condominium
＋ie いえ 家 house, home
＋heya へや 部屋 room
＋ikaga いかが how (polite)
＋ooi おおい 多い be a lot, there are a lot
＋yasui やすい 安い cheap
＋ookii おおきい 大きい large, big
＋chiisai ちいさい 小さい small
＋atarashii あたらしい 新しい new
＋furui ふるい 古い old

Grammar Notes

3-1-1 Adjective Sentences

All adjectives in Japanese end in -i (Non Past) , -katta (Past) , and -ku.

takai expensive
 2

takaku nai not expensive

To make the Past form, change -i to -katta. For the negative form, change nai to nakatta.

takakatta was expensive

takaku nakatta was not expensive

To make a formal style adjective sentence, add desu.

Takai desu. It’s expensive.

Takaku nai desu . It’s not expensive.
Takakatta desu. It was expensive.
Takaku nakatta desu. It was not expensive.

In Lessons 1 and 2 verb sentences and noun sentences were introduced. With the
adjective sentences introduced in this lesson you have now seen all three Japanese sentence types.
The chart below shows the forms that have been introduced so far.

Non-Past Past
Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative

Verb Wakarimasu. Wakarimasen. Wakarimashita. Wakarimasen deshita.

Sentence
Noun Nihon desu. Nihon ja nai desu. Nihon deshita. Nihon ja nakatta desu.
Sentence
Adjective Takai desu. Takaku nai desu. Takakatta desu. Takaku nakatta desu.
Sentence

The adjective ii has special forms. This is the only exception in the entire class of adjectives.

Ii desu It’s good

Yoku nai desu It’s not good
Yokatta desu It was good.
Yoku nakatta desu. It wasn’t good.

Yoku is one of the most commonly used adverbs and was already introduced in Lesson 1 as in
yoku wakarimasu, yoku tabemasu, etc. Yokatta desu nee is a common response to good news.

3-1-2 Adjective + Noun

In Lesson 2, you saw two ways of extending a noun into a noun phrase. One way is to
modify a noun by another, as in the sequence /X no Y/ in the phrase Amerika no kaisha
‘American company.’ Another example is the kono-sono-ano-dono group that precedes a noun,
as in ano kaisha ‘that company’. These two ways can be combined as in kono Amerika no
kaisha ‘this American company.’
Adjectives can directly modify a noun to make a noun phrase (no need for the particle no).
 3

takai keitai expensive cellphone

takaku nai keitai cellphone that is not expensive

It’s possible to combine more than one adjective or other modifying elements to extend a noun
phrase.

chiisai takai keitai small, expensive cellphone

kono Amerika no chiisai takai keitai this small, expensive American cellphone

Note that all the modifying elements occur before the main noun, and that the particle no must be
attached to a noun modifier wherever it occurs. The order of modifying elements is rather free,
unlike in English, where there are certain restrictions.

chiisai takai kono Amerika no keitai this small, expensive American cellphone
kono watashi no keitai this cellphone of mine
watashi no kono keitai this cellphone of mine

3-1-3 arimasu ‘there is X’

The verb arimasu means ‘there is’ or ‘I have’. It indicates inanimate existence such as
objects, plants, ideas, events, etc. A different verb is used for people and animals and will be
introduced later. There are two negative forms for arimasu: arimasen and nai desu. The latter is
less formal.

As we have seen so far, nai desu is part of the negative forms for noun and adjective
sentences. Arimasen can substitute for nai desu in these forms and sounds a little more elegant.

Sumaho ja nai desu.  Sumaho ja arimasen. It’s not a smartphone.

Takaku nai desu.  Takaku arimasen. It’s not expensive.

Similarly, the Past form arimasen deshita can substitute for nakatta desu.

Sumaho ja nakatta desu.  Sumaho ja arimasen deshita. It wasn’t a smartphone.

Takaku nakatta desu.  Takaku arimasen deshita. It wasn’t expensive.

The chart below shows all the forms including these alternatives.

Non-Past Past
Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative
Verb Arimasu. Nai desu. Arimashita. Nakatta desu.
Sentence Arimasen. Arimasen deshita.
Noun Nihon desu. Nihon ja nai desu. Nihon deshita. Nihon ja nakatta desu.
Sentence Nihon ja arimasen Nihon ja arimasen deshita.
Adjective Takai desu. Takaku nai desu. Takakatta desu. Takaku nakatta desu.
Sentence Takaku arimasen. Takaku arimasen deshita.
 4

Note the difference between the following sentences.

Kaisha ja arimasen / Kaisha ja nai desu. It’s not a company. (Identity)

Kaisha wa arimasen / Kaisha wa nai desu. There is no company. (Existence)

Drills and Exercises

A. Listen to the audio. Following the first two model exchanges, respond to each cue.
たか
Cue: 高いですか。 Takai desu ka. Is it expensive?
やす
Response: いえ、安いですよ。 Iie, yasui desu yo. No, it’s cheap, I assure you.
やす
Cue: 安いですか。Yasui desu ka. Is it cheap?
たか
Response: いえ、高いでよ。 Iie, takai desu yo. No, it’s expensive, I assure you.

B. Cue: いいですか。Ii desu ka. Is it all right?

Response: いいえ、あまりよくないです。 Iie, amari yoku desu. No, it’s not very good.
やす
Cue: 安いですか。Yasui desu ka. Is it cheap?
やす
Response: いいえ、あまり安くないです。Iie, amari yasuku desu. No, it’s not very cheap.

C. Cue: アパートですか。Apaato desu. Is it an apartment?

Response: いいえ、アパートじゃありません。
Iie, apaato ja arimasen. No, it’s not an apartment.
やす
Cue: 安いですか。 Yasui desu ka. Is it cheap?
やす
Response: いいえ、安くありません。Iie, yasuku arimasen. No, it’s not cheap.

D. Cue: あれ、高かったですか。
Are, takakatta desu ka. Was that expensive?
Response: いえ、高くなかったですよ。
Ie, takaku nakatta desu yo. No, it wasn’t.
Cue: あれ、新しかったですか。
Are, atarashikatta desu ka? Was that new?
Response: いえ、新しくなかったですよ。
Ie, atarashiku nakatta desu yo. No it wasn’t.

E. Say it in Japanese.
You’ve been asked your opinion about an apartment.

1. Let me see…isn’t it big?

2. It’s a little old. Aren’t there any new apartments?
3. It’s not very expensive, but I wonder if it might not be small.
4. I saw it yesterday. It was nice.
5. There are many small apartments, but big ones are scarce, aren't they?
 5

F. Act in Japanese with a partner.

1. Ms. Honda is checking apartment listings. Ask if there is anything good.

2. Ms. Honda has recently moved into a new apartment. Find out how she likes it.
3. At a store, you saw a nice bag, but it’s small. Get the attention of a clerk and ask if there
is a big one.
4. A co-worker just broke great news to you. Respond.
5. Ms. Honda went to see an apartment yesterday. Ask her a) how it was, b) if it was good,
c) if it wasn’t old.
6. You’ve been asked about your a) apartment, b) school, c) company. Describe.

Dialogue 2
Michael finds an interesting apartment listing.

Michael: Juu-go-ban wa ikura desu ka. How much is number 15?

ばん
15番は、いくらですか。
Honda : Rokuman-nanasen-en desu. It’s ¥67,000.
ろくまんななせんえん
六万七千円です。
Warukunai desu yo. That’s not bad, you know.
わる
悪くないですよ。
Michael: Motto yasui no wa arimasen nee. There isn’t one that’s cheaper, is there.
やす
もっと安いのはありませんかねえ。
Honda : Chotto muzukashii desu nee. That would be a little difficult, wouldn’t it.
ちょっとむずかしいですねえ。

Vocabulary

juugo じゅうご 十五 fifteen

ban ばん 番 (ordinal) number
juugo-ban じゅうごばん 十五番 number fifteen
ikura いくら how much?
rokuman ろくまん 六万 60,000
nanasen ななせん 七千 7000
en えん 円 yen (currency of Japan)
rokuman-nanasen-en ろくまんななせんえん 六万七千円 ¥67,000
warui わるい 悪い bad
waruku nai わるくない 悪くない not bad
motto もっと more
motto yasui もっとやすい もっと安い cheaper
no の one(s)
muzukashii むずかしい 難しい difficult, hard
 6

＋doru どる ドル dollar
＋yasashii やさしい easy, kind

Grammar Notes

3-2-1 Numbers and Classifiers (~en, ~doru, ~ban)

Japanese numbers are listed at the end of this lesson. Note that numbers 4, 7 and 9 have
alternating forms: yon, yo and shi for 4, nana and shichi for 7 and kyuu and ku for 9. The form
depends on what classifier is combined with the number (See below for classifiers).

In Japanese, numbers with five or more places are counted in groups of four places
( ~man, ~oku, ~chou). On the other hand, in English these numbers are counted by groups of
threes places (thousands, millions, billions). So, ten thousand in Japanese has a special name man,
and succeeding groups of four places have the names ~oku, and ~chou. Traditionally a comma
was inserted every four places (10,000 was written 1,0000).

Note that 10, 100 and 1000 do not require ichi, but 10,000 does. In another words, you
need to say ichi only for the last place in each four-place group.

1 ichi 10000 ichi-man

10 juu 100000 juu-man
100 hyaku 1000000 hyaku-man
1000 sen 10000000 sen-man

So, ¥11111111 is sen hyaku juu ichi man sen hyaku juu ichi en.
Also note the following sound changes.

For 100’s (hyaku) h b 300 sanbyaku; ?00 nanbyaku (how many hundreds?)
h pp 600 roppyaku; 800 happyaku
For 1000’s (sen) s z 3000 sanzen; ?000 nanzen (how many thousands?)
sss 8000 hassen

Japanese numbers are usually followed by a classifier, which indicates what is counted or
numbered. Use of ‘bare’ numbers is rather limited (counting the number of push-ups, etc.)
When counting things in Japanese, numbers are combined with classifiers that are conventionally
used for the particular nouns being counted. This is similar to English expressions like “ten
sheets of paper” (not ten papers), or “ a loaf of bread” (not a bread.)

Recall that the classifier for clock time is –ji, and grade in school is –nensei. We add
three more in this lesson: –en for the Japanese currency, –doru for US currency, and –ban for
numbers in order (first, second, etc.) Before –ji, 4, 7, and 9 are respectively yo, shichi, and ku.
As shown in the chart below, before –en the number 4 is yo, and the numbers 7 and 9 before –en,
doru and –ban are nana, and kyuu.
 7

-en -doru -ban

1. Ichi-en Ichi-doru Ichi-ban
2. Ni-en Ni-doru Ni-ban
3. San-en San-doru San-ban
4. Yo-en Yon-doru Yon-ban
5. Go-en Go-doru Go-ban
6. Roku-en Roku-doru Roku-ban
7. Nana-en Nana-doru Nana-ban
8. Hachi-en Hachi-doru Hachi-ban
9. Kyuu-en Kyuu-doru Kyuu-ban
10. Juu-en Juu-doru Juu-ban
? Nan-en Nan-doru Nan-ban

The classifier -ban is also used for ranking (first place, second place, etc.) Ichi-ban is also used
as an adverb to mean ‘most’ or ‘best.’ The pitch accent changes for the adverbial use ( iCHIban
 iCHIBAN)

Ichi-ban jouzu most skillful

Ichi-ban atarashii newest
Ichiban ii daigaku the best college

3-2−2 Pronoun No

Recall that we have the following three noun phrase structures.

1. Adjective + Noun yasui apaato cheap apartment

2. Kono + Noun kono apaato this apartment
3. Noun no Noun watashi no apaato my apartment

It sounds too wordy and unsophisticated if the same noun is repeated unnecessarily. How can we
avoid repeating the main noun in these structures when it is already known from the context?

For Structure 1, replace the noun with the pronoun no.  yasui no inexpensive one
For Structure 2, use kore-sore-are-dore, instead.  kore this
For Structure 3, just drop it.  watashi no mine

The pronoun no can replace the noun directly after an adjective, but is usually not used to refer to
people. These rules hold when the three structures are combined.
`
kono atarashii apaato this new apartment  kono atarashii no
watashi no kono kaban this bag of mine  watashi no kore
atarashii Amerika no kaisha new American company  atarashii Amerika no

3-2-3 ka nee ‘I wonder’

 8

Some sentence particles can occur in combination. One common combination is ka nee
‘I wonder.’ Ka indicates doubt and nee indicates that the speaker assumes the hearer has the
same doubt. In the dialogue above, Michael asks if there are cheaper apartments, assuming Ms.
Honda understands his situation. Compare the following:

Motto yasui no wa arimasen ka. Aren't there cheaper ones?

Motto yasui no wa arimasen ka nee. I wonder if there are cheaper ones.

While the first asks for an answer, the second does not demand a response because the speaker
assumes that the other person shares the same question. The result is softer. Ka nee is also used
as a polite response to a question when the speaker does not know the answer.

Ano hito dare desu ka? Who is that person?

-Dare desu ka nee. I wonder, too.

Dare no kasa desu ka? Whose umbrella is it?

-Dare no desu ka nee. I wonder whose it is, too.

Drills and Exercises

A. Cue: Go-en desu ka. Is it five yen?

Response: Ie-ie, gojuu-en desu yo. No, no, it’s fifty yen!
Cue: Nihyaku-en desu ka. Is it two hundred yen?
Response: Ie-ie, nisen-en desu yo. No, no, it’s two thousand yen!

B. Cue: Takai desu nee. It’s expensive, isn’t it!

Response: Ee, motto yasui no wa arimasen nee. Yes, there aren’t any cheaper ones, are there.
Cue: Chiisai desu nee. It’s small, isn’t it!
Response: Ee, motto ookii no wa arimasen nee. Yes, there aren’t any bigger ones, are there.

C. Cue: Minna, ookii desu nee. They’re all big, aren’t they!
Response: Ichiban ookii no wa, dore desu ka. Which is the biggest one?
Cue: Minna, furui desu nee. They’re all old, aren’t they!
Response: Ichiban furui no wa, dore desu ka. Which is the oldest one?

D. Say it in Japanese.
You’ve been asked the price of something. Reply.

1. ¥ 650 5. ¥ 8800
2. ¥ 1010 6. ¥ 3300
3. ¥ 14000 7. ¥11111
4. ¥ 790000

At a meeting, ask what other people think of the following:

8. a newer company
 9

9. the more difficult Chinese textbook

10. the easiest one
11. the cellphone #13
12. Prof. Kimura’s new course on Tue-Thur

D. Act in Japanese with a partner.

1. In a shoe store, you’ve tried on a pair and found them to be too small. Get the attention of
a clerk and ask for a little bigger pair.
2. Browsing an online shopping site, Ms. Honda misread the price of an item as 5000 yen. It
is actually 50000 yen. Correct her nicely.
3. Find out today’s dollar to yen exchange rate.
4. You are doing a homework assignment. Exclaim that Question #14 is hard. Ask if Ms.
Honda gets it.
5. You’ve been asked for your opinion about an apartment. Mention that it is not bad, but
you wonder what the rent is.
6. With a partner, ask and answer how much something costs. Exchange opinions about the
price.

Dialogue 3
Michael checks the apartment further.

Michael: Sugoku kirei na apaato desu nee. It’s a really beautiful apartment, isn’t it!
すごくきれいなアパートですねえ。
Honda: De mo chotto tooku nai desu ka. But isn’t it a little far?
とお
でも、ちょっと遠くないですか。
Michael: Sou desu ne. Amari benri ja nai desu nee. You are right. It’s not very convenient, is it.
べんり
そうですね。あまり便利じゃないですね。
Honda: Zannen desu nee. Too bad, huh!
ざんねん
残念ですねえ。

Vocabulary

sugoi すごい 凄い amazing, great

sugoku すごく 凄く really, amazingly
kirei きれい（な） pretty, clean
de mo でも but
tooi とおい 遠い far
benri べんり（な） 便利 convenient
zannen ざんねん（な） 残念 too bad, regrettable
＋kitanai きたない dirty
＋chikai ちかい 近い close, near
＋fuben ふべん（な） 不便 inconvenient
 10

＋dame だめ（な） bad, unacceptable

＋yuumei ゆうめい（な） 有名 famous

Grammar Notes

3-3-1 Na-Nouns

When one noun describes another, there are two possible patterns. You’ve seen one of
these already with the particle no: watashi no keitai ‘my cell phone,’ nihongo no sensei ‘the
Japanese teacher.’
A smaller set of nouns hooks up to nouns with the particle na: kirei na nihongo ‘beautiful
Japanese,’ benri na keitai ‘convenient cell phone.’ These will be called “na nouns.” All na nouns
are intangible, but not all intangibles are na nouns. All na nouns will be followed by (na) in the
glossary to distinguish them from regular nouns.

Note that the pronoun no can replace the main noun in this combination.

kirei na apaato a clean apartment  kirei na no a clean one

amerika no yuumei na kaisha a famous company in America 
amerika no yuumei na no a famouse one in America

3-3-2 Adjective ~Ku Forms As Adverbs

The –ku form of adjectives are also used as adverbs.

Yoku wakarimasu. I understand it well.

Sugoku kirei desu. It’s really beautiful.
Yasuku kaimashita. I bought it cheaply.
Ookiku kakimasu. I’ll write it big.
Atarashiku tsukurimasu. I’ll remake it.

Drills and Exercises

A. Cue: Kirei desu ka. Is it clean?

Response: Ee, sugoku kirei na apaato desu yo. Yes, it’s a really clean apartment!
Cue: Takai desu ka. Is it expensive?
Response:Ee, sugoku takai apaato desu yo. Yes, it’s a really expensive apartment!

B. Cue: Kirei desu ka. Is it clean?

Response: Iya, kirei ja nai desu yo No, it’s not clean!
Cue: Tooi desu ka. Is it far?
Response: Iya, tooku nai desu yo. No, it’s not far!

C. Say it in Japanese.
 11

You’ve been asked for your opinion about an apartment.

1. Isn’t it a little far?

2. Isn’t it a little inconvenient? Isn’t there anything closer?
3. It’s really beautiful, isn’t it. However, I wonder where it is located.
4. It’s no good. It’s big, but it’s really old. Too bad.
5. It’s that famous apartment, isn’t it. It’s the most expensive one, you know.

D. Act these roles in Japanese with a partner.

1. Your friend got a perfect score on a test. Exclaim your amazement.

2. A co-worker mentions that she will not make it to the company event. Express your
disappointment.
3. You’ve been asked to give a speech in Japanese. Humbly turn down the opportunity and
ask if there isn’t anyone better.
4. A co-worker has shown you a picture of his mother. Comment how beautiful she is.
5. Compare products in the market by manufacturer, price, size, usefulness, etc.

Dialogue 4
Michael has settled into his new apartment. Ms. Honda is checking if he needs anything.

Honda: Isu toka tsukue, arimasu ka. Do you have things like chairs and desks?
つくえ
いすとか 机 、ありますか。
Michael: Hai, isu mo tsukue mo arimasu. Yes, I have both chairs and desks.
つくえ
はい、いすも 机 もあります。
Daijoubu desu. I’m fine.
だいじょうぶ
大丈夫です。
Honda: Hontou desu ka. Terebi wa? No kidding. How about a television?
ほんとう
本当ですか。テレビは？
Michael: Aa, terebi wa irimasen. Oh, a television I don’t need.
ああ、テレビはいりません。

Vocabulary

isu いす chair
toka とか such (things) as
tsukue つくえ 机 desk
isu toka tsukue いすとかつくえ いすとか机 things like chairs and a desk
~mo ~mo 〜も〜も both ~ and ~
isu mo tsukue mo いすもつくえも いすも机も both chairs and desks
daijoubu だいじょうぶ（な）大丈夫 fine, safe, okay
 12

hontou ほんとう 本当 truth, reality, fact

terebi てれび テレビ television
＋ya や such (things) as
＋teeburu てえぶる テーブル table
＋beddo べっど ベッド bed
＋reizouko れいぞうこ 冷蔵庫 refrigerator
＋sentaku (shimasu) せんたく 洗濯 laundry
＋sentaku-ki せんたくき 洗濯機 washing machine
＋souji (shimasu) そうじ 掃除 cleaning
＋souji-ki そうじき 掃除機 vacuum cleaner
＋eakon えあこん エアコン air conditioner

Grammar Notes

3-4-1 X toka Y, X ya Y

/Noun to ka Noun/ means that the referenced nouns are examples of the category under
discussion. /Noun ya Noun/ is its more formal version. More than two examples can be listed,
but it’s unusual to have more than three or four.

Isu toka tsukue, arimasu ka. Do you have things like chairs and desks?
Isu ya tsukue arimasu ka. Do you have things like chairs and desks?

Isu toka tsukue toka terebi, arimasu ka. Do you have things like a chair, desk, and TV?

Toka does not require another noun to follow it while ya does. Therefore, the following are
possible.

Keitai toka tsukaimasu ka. Do you use things like smartphone?

Keitai toka sumaho toka tsukaimaus ka. Do you use things like cellphones and
smartphones?

3-4-2 X mo Y mo ‘both X and Y’ ‘neither X nor Y’

X mo Y mo means ‘both X and Y’ in an affirmative sentence and ‘neither X nor Y’ in a

negative sentence. Compare the three responses below.

Kore to are, irimasu ka. Do you need this and that?

-Hai, kore mo are mo irimasu. Yes, I need them both.
-Iie, kore mo are mo irimasen. No, I don't need either this or that.
-Iie, kore wa irimasu kedo, are wa irimasen. No, I need this, but I don’t need that.

In the first two responses, both items share a similarity, i.e., you need both or you don’t need
either, but in the third sentence the two items are being contrasted, i.e. you need one but not the
other, thus the particle wa is used.
 13

Drills and Exercises

A. Listen to the audio. Following the first two model exchanges, respond to each cue.

Cue: Isu to ka tsukue, arimasu ka. Do they have things like chairs and desks?
Response: Hai, isu mo tsukue mo arimasu. Yes, they have both chairs and desks.
Cue: Keetai to ka sumaho, arimasu ka.
Do they have things like mobile phones and smart phones?
Response: Hai, keetai mo sumaho mo arimasu.
Yes, they have both mobile phones and smart phones.

B. Cue: Isu ya tsukue, arimasu ka. Do they have things like chairs and desks?
Response: Ie, isu mo tsukue mo arimasen. No, they have neither chairs nor desks.
Cue: Eigo ya Supeingo, wakarimasu ka.
Do they understand things like English and Spanish?
Response: Ie, eigo mo supeingo mo wakarimasen.
No, they understand neither English nor Spanish.

C. Say it in Japanese.

You’ve been asked what you need for your new apartment.

1. I have everything. I’m fine.

2. I have a chair, but I have neither a desk nor a table.
3. I have a refrigerator, but I do not have a washer. I wonder if there is a cheap washer.
4. I have a bed and chair, but I do not have a TV. I do not have a vacuum cleaner, either.
5. I have things like a table and chair, but I do not have a refrigerator, a washer, etc.

You’ve been asked about this weekend’s weather.

6. It will be nice on both Sat. and Sun.

7. It will be nice on Sat., but it will rain on Sun.
8. It will be nice on Sat. and Sun., but it will rain on Monday.
9. It rained yesterday AND today, right? I wonder if it will rain again tomorrow.
10. It was cold yesterday. But it will be beautiful on Sunday.

D. Act in Japanese with a partner.

1. A stranger just slipped and fell in front of you. React!
2. You’ve just heard something incredible. Express your surprise/disbelief.
3. Find out if your classmates do Facebook, Twitter, etc.
4. Ask a co-worker if he cleans, does laundry, etc. often.
5. With a partner, discuss what furniture/appliances you have in your apartments, how they
are, and what you need. Make sure you are a good listener. Use hesitation noise, and
echo questions where appropriate.
 14

Review

Grammar Review

1. Japanese has three types of sentences: verb sentence, noun sentence and adjective sentence.
Give example of each in the Non-past and Past affirmative forms and their negative forms. (3-1-
1)

2. We have seen various examples of the following ways to expand a noun into a noun phrase.
(3-1-2, 3-2-2, 3-3-1)
• Noun no Noun
• Adjective + Noun
• Kono + Noun
• Noun na Noun

a. Give an example of each.

b. Give an example of a noun phrase with all the modifiers above combined.
c. What happens in each case when the main noun is already understood?

3. Compare the difference in meaning among the following: (3-4-1, 3-4-2)

a. Kami to enpitsu, irimasu ka.

b. Kami to enpitsu mo irimasu ka.
c. Kami to enpitsu wa irimasu ka.
d. Kami mo enpitsu mo irimasu ka.
e. Kami toka enpitsu toka irimasu ka.
f. Kami toka enpitsu mo irimasu ka.
4. In English, large numbers are counted by groups of three places. How about in Japanese?
(3-2-1)
5. Which numbers have alternating forms?
6. Give three examples of a classifier. How are they used?
7. What does arimasu mean? What are its two negative forms? (3-1-3)
8. What are the ~ku form and ~katta form for the adjective ii? (3-1-1)
9. Give two examples of the adjective ~ku form being used as adverb. (3-3-2)
10. How are na-nouns different from adjectives? From other nouns? (3-3-1)

Practical Applications

A. Use online apartment listings and discuss the relative merits of each.
B. Recall what was discussed in A. Check and share your recollections with others.
 15

Numbers

1 ichi 11 juu-ichi 21 nijuu-ichi 31 sanjuu-ichi

2 ni 12 juu-ni 22 nijuu-ni 32 sanjuu-ni
3 san 13 juu-san 23 nijuu-san 33 sanjuu-san
4 shi, yo, yon 14 juu-shii/yon 24 nijuu-shi/yon 34 sanjuu-shi/yon
5 go 15 juu-go 25 nijuu-go 35 sanjuu-go
6 roku 16 juu-roku 26 nijuu-roku 36 sanjuu-roku
7 shichi, nana 17 juu-shichi/nana 27 nijuu-shich/nanai 37 sanjuu-shichi/nana
8 hachi 18 juu-hachi 28 nijuu-hachi 38 sanjuu-hachi
9 kyuu, ku 19 juu-kyuu/ku 29 nijuu-kyuu/ku 39 sanjuu-kyuu/ku
10 juu 20 nijuu 30 sanjuu 40 yonjuu

41 yonjuu-ichi 51 gojuu-ichi 61 rokujuu-ichi 71 nanajuu-ichi

42 yonjuu-ni 52 gojuu-ni 62 rokujuu-ni 72 nanajuu-ni
43 yonjuu-san 53 gojuu-san 63 rokujuu-san 73 nanajuu-san
44 yonjuu-shi/yon 54 gojuu-shi/yon 64 rokujuu-shi/yon 74 nanajuu-shi/yon
45 yonjuu-go 55 gojuu-go 65 rokujuu-go 75 nanajuu-go
46 yonjuu-roku 56 gojuu-roku 66 rokujuu-roku 76 nanajuu-roku
47 yonjuu-shichi/nana 57 gojuu-shichi/nana 67 rokujuu-shichi/nana 77 nanajuu-shichi/nana
48 yonjuu-hachi 58 gojuu-hachi 68 rokujuu-hachi 78 nanajuu-hachi
49 yonjuu-kyuu/ku 59 gojuukyuu/-ku 69 rokujuukyuu/-ku 79 nanajuu-kyuu/ku
50 gojuu 60 rokujuu 70 nanajuu 80 hachijuu

81 hachijuu-ichi 91 kyuujuu-ichi 100 hyaku 1000 sen

82 hachijuu-ni 92 kyuujuu-ni 200 ni-hyaku 2000 ni-sen
83 hachijuu-san 93 kyuujuu-san 300 san-byaku 3000 san-zen
84 hachijuu-shi/yon 94 kyuujuu-shi/yon 400 yon-shi/hyaku 4000 yon-shi/sen
85 hachijuu-go 95 kyuujuu-go 500 go-hyaku 5000 go-sen
86 hachijuu-roku 96 kyuujuu-roku 600 rop-pyaku 6000 roku-sen
87 hachijuu-shichi/nana 97 kyuujuu-shichi/nana 700 nana-hyaku 7000 nana-sen
88 hachijuu-hachi 98 kyuujuu-hachi 800 hap-pyaku 8000 has-sen
89 hachijuu-kyuu/ku 99 kyuujuukyuu/-ku 900 kyuu-hyaku 9000 kyuu-sen
90 kyuujuu

10,000 ichi-man how many 100’s? nan-byaku

20,000 ni-man how many 1000’s? nan-zen
30,000 san-man how many 10,000’s? nan-man
40,000 yon-man 0 rei or zero
50,000 go-man
60,000 roku-man
70,000 nana-man
80,000 hachi-man
90,000 kyuu-man
 16

Drill Tape Scripts

Dialogue 1

A. Cue: 高いですか。 Response:いえ、安いですよ。

Cue: 安いですか。 Response: いえ、高いでよ。
1. 古いですか。
2. 大きいですか。
3. 新しいですか。
4. 多いですか。

B. Cue: いいですか。 Response: いいえ、あまりよくないです。

Cue: 安いですか。 Response: いいえ、あまり安くないです。
1. 高いですか。
2. いいですか。
3. 古いですか。
4. 小さいですか。
5. 少ないですか。

C. Cue: アパートですか。 Response: いいえ、アパートじゃありません。

Cue: 安いですか。 Response: いいえ、安くありません。
1. いいですか。
2. 留学生ですか。
3. 新しいですか。
4. 多いですか。
5. 四時ですか。
6. 新しい教科書ですか。
7. 大きい学校

＊D. Cue: あれ、高かったですか。 Response: いえ、高くなかったですよ。

Cue: あれ、新しかったですか。 Response: いえ、新しくなかったですよ。
1. あれ、古かったですか．
2. あれ、少なかったですか．
3. あれ、よかったですか．
4. あれ、熱かったですか．
5. あれ、小さかったですか。
6. あれ、安かったですか．

Dialogue 2

A. Cue: 五円ですか。 Response: いえいえ、五十円ですよ。

Cue: 二百円ですか。 Response: いえいえ、二千円ですよ。
1. 三十円ですか。
2. 七千円ですか。
3. 一万円ですか。
4. 八百円ですか。
5. 九十万円ですか。
6. 六万円ですか。

B. Cue: 高いですねえ。 Response: ええ、もっと安いのはありませんかねえ。

Cue: 小さいですねえ。 Response: ええ、もっと大きいのはありませんかねえ。
 17

1. 古いですねえ。
2. 大きいですねえ。
3. 悪いですねえ。
4. むずかしいですねえ。

C. Cue: みんな、大きいですねえ。 Response: 一番大きいのは、どれですか。

Cue: みんな、古いですねえ Response:一番古いのはどれですか。
1. みんな、新しいですねえ。
2. みんな、むずかしいですねえ。
3. みんな、やさしいですねえ。
4. みんな、安いですねえ。
5. みんな、いいですねえ。

Dialogue 3

A. Cue: きれいですか。Response: ええ、すごくきれいなアパートですよ。

Cue: 高いですか。 Response: ええ、すごく高いアパートですよ。
1. 便利ですか。
2. 新しいですか。
3. 大きいですか。
4. きたないですか。
5. 不便ですか。
B. Cue: きれいですか。 Response: いや、きれいじゃないですよ。
Cue: 遠いですか。 Response: いや、遠くないですよ。
1. マンションですか。
2. 近いですか。
3. きたないですか。
4. いい大学ですか。
5. きれいな英語ですか。
Dialogue 4

A. Cue: いすとか机、ありますか。 Response: はい、いすも机もあります。

Cue: ケータイとかスマホ、だめですか。Response: はい、ケータイもスマホもだめです。
1. 雨とか雪、すごいですか。
2. 五番とか六番、安いですか。
3. アパートとかマンション、見ますか。
4. 宿題とか試験、多いですか。
5. 洗濯機とか、冷蔵庫、買いますか。

B. Cue: いすや机、ありますか。 Response: いえ、いすも机もありません．

Cue: 英語やスペイン語、分かりますか。Response: いえ、英語もスペイン語も分かりません。
1. ペンや鉛筆、いりますか。
2. 中国人や韓国人、来ますか。
3. マンガやアニメ、少ないですか。
4. テーブルやベッド、きれいですか。
5. 会社や学校、近いですか。