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8086 Microprocessor

The document discusses the 8086 microprocessor architecture. It describes the 8086 as a 16-bit microprocessor used in early personal computers. It has a bus interface unit that handles instruction fetching and addressing, and an execution unit that decodes and executes instructions. The architecture includes general purpose registers, segment registers, pointers/indexes, and a flag register. The document provides details on the components and functions of the 8086 architecture.

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58 views20 pages

8086 Microprocessor

The document discusses the 8086 microprocessor architecture. It describes the 8086 as a 16-bit microprocessor used in early personal computers. It has a bus interface unit that handles instruction fetching and addressing, and an execution unit that decodes and executes instructions. The architecture includes general purpose registers, segment registers, pointers/indexes, and a flag register. The document provides details on the components and functions of the 8086 architecture.

Uploaded by

Swmdwn Basumatary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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8086 Architecture

Md. Mirajul Islam


Junior Instructor(Tech-Computer)
8086 architecture
Microcomputer
• PC or a computer that depends on
microprocessor
• Used by individuals as PC’s or workstations or
notebook computers
• Microcomputer contains a CPU on a
microchip, memory, i/o ports, bus system
housed on mother board
• It is a digital electronic component with
miniaturized transistors on a single
semiconductor IC
Microcomputer
• MICROPROCESSOR is a
multipurpose, programmable device that
accepts digital data as input, processes it
according to instructions stored in its memory,
and provides results as output.
• It controls the logic of almost all digital
devices
Architecture of a typical
Microcomputer
Some Basic Definition
• Transistor--A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and
switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of
semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an
external circuit.
• Flip flops-a flip-flop is a circuit that has two stable states and can be
used to store state information.
• Latches-a circuit used to store information
• Register-- In computer architecture, a proessor register is a small
amount of storage available as part of a CPU or other digital processor.
load data from a larger memory into registers where it is used for
arithmetic, manipulated, or tested, by some machine instruction
• Flag-- flag register is a collection of flag bits for a processor. These are
part of larger registers
8086 Specifications
• It is 16-bit microprocessor
• It has 20 bit address bus and can access up to
220 memory locations (1 MB).
• It can support up to 64K I/O ports
• It provides 14 registers of 16-bit size
• It has multiplexed address and data bus AD0-
AD15 & A16-A19
8086 Specifications
• It requires single phase clock with 33% duty cycle to
provide internal timing.
• Prefetches up to 6 instruction bytes from memory
and queues them in order to speed up the
processing.
• It requires +5V supply
• 40 pin dual inline package
• 8086 supports 2 modes of operation
– Minimum mode
– Maximum mode
8086 Architecture
• The 8086 architecture has two parts:
–Bus Interface Unit(BIU)
–Execution Unit(EU)
8086 block diagram
8086 Architecture
• Bus Interface Unit contains
– Instruction queue,
– Segment registers,
– Instruction pointer, and
– Address adder.
• Execution Unit contains
– Control circuitry,
– Instruction decoder,
– ALU,
– Pointer and Index register,
– Flag register
Bus interface unit functions
• Responsible for performing external bus operations
• The functions of BIU are:
– Instruction Fetch
– Instruction Queuing
– Operand Fetch & storage
– Address Relocation
– Bus control
• Idle state
• Address adder – fetching of physical address of next
instruction( CS+IP)
Execution Unit Functions
• Decoding of Instructions
• Execution of instructions
 Steps
 EU extracts instructions from top of queue in BIU
 Decode the instructions
 Generates operands if necessary
 Passes operands to BIU & requests it to perform read or
write bus cycles to memory or I/o
 Perform the operation specified by the instruction on
operands
 Branch or jump instruction
Register Organization
• The types of registers are:
1. General Data Registers(AX, BX, CX, DX)
2. Segment Registers(CS, DS, ES, SS)
3. Pointers and Index Registers(IP, BP, SP)
4. Flag Registers(S,Z,P,C,T,I,D,AC,O)
General Data Registers
• AX—16 bit accumulator(AH+AL)
• BX-offset storage(BH+BL)
• CX-default counter in case of string and loop
instructions(CH+CL)
• DX-General purpose register (DH+DL)
SEGMENT REGISTERS
• Code Segment Register(CS)
• Data Segment Register(DS)
• Extra Segment Register(ES)
• Stack Segment Register(SS)
POINTER and INDEX Registers
• IP—instruction pointer-store memory location
of next instruction to be executed
• BP—base pointer
• SP—stack pointer
• SI—Source index
• DI—Destination index
Flag Registers(S,Z,P,C,T,I,D,Ac,O)
• Indicate results of computations in ALU
• Also contains some flag bits to control
CPU operations
Flag register
Pin diagram

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