ABSTRACT

Electricity is one of the most wanted facility for ou life. All other sources of energy going
to deplete day by day,ther fore we have to move from conventional to renewable energy
resources. In this report the blend of two energy or hybrid resources has been takes place
(wind system and solar energy). This process despises the renewable energy resources
without harming the nature. We give stable power with the help of hybrid energy system.
Basically the hybrid system contains the combination of the two energy system which will
give us a uninterrupted power. The PV panels are used for convesion of solar energy into
electricity and the wind turbines are use for the conversion of wind energy into
electricity.The generated electricity can be use for the numerous purpose and facilities of
hu,an being .Also the Generated electricity will be at affordable or minimal cost from other
conventional energy resources. This paper deals with the generation of electricity for an
isolated island from the mankind who is looking to switch 100% to renewable energy
systemensuring a stable grid providing electricity through out the year by utilizing two sources
of energy combinley which will generate the electricity with minimum affordable cost
without negative impact on the nature.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Wind Turbine Types ...................................................................................................... 2

1.1.1 Water Turbine ................................................................................................................ 3

1.1.2Types Water Turbine ...................................................................................................... 3

1.2 SOLAR ENERGY .................................................................................................................... 3

1.2.1 PHOTO VOLATIC SYSTEM................................................................................................ 3

2 System DesIGNING ...................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 LOAD REQUIREMENT .................................................................................................... 5

2.1.1 HOURLY LOAD REQUIREMENT ....................................................................................... 6

2.1.2 DAILY LOAD REQUIREMENT ........................................................................................... 6

2.1.1MONTHLY LOAD REQUIREMENT ..................................................................................... 6

2.2 SELECTION OF LOAD REQUIREMENT ............................................................................ 5

2.2.1Hourly basis LOAD REQUIREMENT .................................................................................. 6

2.2.2 DAILY BASIS LOAD REQUIREMENT ................................................................................ 6

2.2.3 MONTHLY BASIS LOAD REQUIREMENT .......................................................................... 6

2.3 SELECTIOON OF ENERGY SOURCES ............................................................................... 6

2.3.1 CONFIGURATION FOR HYBRID SYSTEM.......................................................................... 6

2.4 DESIGNING OF WIND ENERGY SYSTEM ......................................................................... 6

2.4.1RATING ESTIMATION OF TURBINE FOR WIND SYSTEM .................................................. 6

2.4.2 SELECTION OF WIND TURBINE ....................................................................................... 6

2.4.3 ASSUMPTION MADE ...................................................................................................... 6

 2.5 SOLAR POWER DESIGNING .......................................................................................... 6

2.5.1TOTAL WATT HOURS OF THE SYSTEM............................................................................. 6

2.5.2 ACTUAL POWER OUTPUT OF THE PV PANEL .................................................................. 6

2.5.3 NUMBER OF SOLAR PANEL REQUIRED ........................................................................... 6

2.5.4 CALCULATION FOR INVERTER SIZE ................................................................................. 6

2.5.4.1 AVAILABLE RATING OF INVERTERS .............................................................................. 6

2.6 BATTERY BANK SIZING ................................................................................................. 6

3 GRID STABILITY ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 4

3.1 CONFIGURATION SELECTION........................................................................................ 6

3.2 CONTROL MECHANISM FOR GRID ................................................................................ 6

3.2.1 DAILY ENERGY LOAD REQUIREMENT ............................................................................. 6

3.2.2 SOURCE FOR ENERGY SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 6

4 COST ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................... 4

4.1 COST ANALYSISI FOR WIND SYSTEM............................................................................. 6

4.1.1 SITE ASSESMENT ............................................................................................................. 6

4.1.2 LAND LEASE .................................................................................................................... 6

4.1.3 PERMITS .......................................................................................................................... 6

4.1.4 CONNECTIVITY ................................................................................................................ 6

4.1.5 TURBINE AND TOWER EXPENSES ................................................................................... 6

4.1.6 iNSTALLATION COST ...................................................................................................... 6

4.1.7 COMISSIONING COST ..................................................................................................... 6

4.1.8 OPERATING COST .......................................................................................................... 6

 4.1.9 CONTROLING OF TURBINE SYSTEM COST ...................................................................... 6

4.2. COST ANALYSIS OF SOLAR SYSTEM ............................................................................ 6

4.3 COST ANALYSIS OF BATTERY BANK SYSTEM ................................................................ 6

4.4 TOTAL COST ............................................................................................................... 6

4.5 PAY BACK TIME ......................................................................................................... 6

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 6
 1. INTRODUCTION
One of the primary needs for socio economic growth in any nation in the world is the
delivery of consistent electricity supply systems
The following are three different types of renewable energy which has shortly fiscussed in this
paper.
1.1 Wind Energy:
wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power an electric
generator that conveys the electric current. Solely stated, that a wind turbine is the opposed of
a fan. As an alternative of using electricity to make wind, wind turbines like a fan, use wind to
make energy in the form of electricity. The wind moves the blades, whichthe turn a shaft, which
is connected to an alternaor generator and generates electricity

1.1 .1 Wind Turbine Types

1) Horizontal axis

2) Vertical axis

1.1.1 Water turbine

The water turbine converts kinetic energy or potential energy dur to hrad of water to electric
energy through an alternator or generator.

1.1.2 Types of water Turbine.

There are two main types of hydro turbines:

Impulse turbine: (Pelton wheel turbine,Turgor turbine, Cross flow turbine)

Reaction turbine: (Francis turbine ,Kaplan turbine, Gorlov helical turbine, Tyson turbine.

1.2 Solar energy

Solar energy is gladly tie together for low temperature, and used in many places domestic hot
water units (with storage) regularly utilize it. Solar energy is also used simply by sensible design
of buildings and in many ways that are taken for granted. Industrially, probably the main use is
in solar salt production some 1000 PJ per year in Australia alone (equivalent to two-thirds of
the nation's oil use). It is increasingly used in utility-scale plants, mostly photovoltaic
(PV). Domestic-scale PV is widespread
2 SYSTEM DESIGNING
2.1 Load Requirements

2.1.1 Hourly Load requirements:

The following are some important Calculation which were computed Through hourly load table.

Max electricity consumed with in hour 73 Kwh

throughout the year Kwh
Minimum electricity consumed with in hour 25 Kwh
throughout the year Kwh
Total electricity consumed with in hour 409779 Kwh
throughout the year Kwh
Average electricity consumed with in hour 47 Kwh
throughout the year Kwh
The most Occuring energy consumed with in 51 Kwh
hour throughout the year (MODE)

Daily Electricity Demand kWh

1800

1300

800
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
2.1.2 Daily load Requirements:
The following are some important Calculation which were computed Through hourly load table.

Max electricity consumed Per Day 1439

through out the year Kwh

Minimum electricity consumed per day through out 830

the year Kwh

Total electricity consumed Per Day through out the 409779 Kwh
year Kwh

Average electricity consumed Per Day through out 1123

the year Kwh

The most Occuring energy consumed Per Day 1202

through out the year (MODE)
 Daily Electricity Demand kWh
1800

1300

800
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

2.1.3 Monthly load Requirements:

Time Series Electricity Demand

Month KWh MWh

1 40898 41

2 36131 36

3 38929 39

4 32516 33

5 31365 31

6 29212 29

7 30645 31

8 30201 30

9 31022 31

10 33806 34

11 36733 37

12 38321 38
 Monthly Demand in kWh
45000

40000

35000

30000

25000
1 3 5 7 9 11

2.2.1 Hourly basis

From the above table We can see due to highly fluctuation in hourly energy requirements its
will be not reasonable and also not appropriate because we see from the table if we design our
system for maximum hour basis (73kwh) than our system will be produced more energy from
the requirements of the island
2.2.2 Daily Basis:
As we can see from the table 2 that maximum daily Energy requirement is 1423 Kwh and the
average daily Energy requirement is 1123kwh , while the maximum occurring energy
requirement (MODE) is 1202Kwh these values are very near to each other , so it will be more
feasible to design our system on the maximum daily requirement so that it fulfill all the daily
energy requirements.
2.2.3 Monthly Basis :
From the table 3 we have calculated monthly requiremnets of the island .we have a maximum
Energy requirement occurred during the first month 41 MW and the minimum Energy
requirement is 29 MW if we design our system on 41 Mw than it will be very difficult and
expensive to store 12 Mw energy for the next month.so this Solution is also not feasible for us.
2.3 Selection of Energy Resource :
Available Energy resource

 Wind
 Solar
 Hydro

2.3.1 Configuration for Hybrid (Wind + Solar) electricity generation:

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of Hybrid (Renewable) Solar – Wind Power Source

2.4 Designing of Wind energy system:

2.4.1 ESTIMATION OF REQUIRED WIND TURBINE POWER RATING

Assume that annual energy requirement of an industry is 20000 kWh ,we calculate that what
will be

the size of wind turbine that is required to be installed to meet the energy requirement.

Following assumptions are taken into account for estimation:

Maximum daily energy requirement – 1439 kWh

Computed Wind speed at 10 meter Height:

Minimum Wind Speed M/s Throughout the Year 0 m/s

Maximum Wind Speed M/s Throughout the Year 17.93 m/s

Average Wind Speed M/s Throughout the Year 5.02 m/s

Mostly occuring Wind Speed M/s Throughout the 4.37 m/s

Year Mode

RMC Wind Speed M/s Throughout the Year 5.77 m/s

2.4.2 Selection of Wind Turbine Based on The above Data:

Our requirement is 1439Kwh energy maximum daily but we

design our system for 1600Kwh ,1200 kwh will provide by the wind energy system while the
400 Kwh will be provided through solar energy system the Daily Maximum energy demand is –
1439 kWh

 COP of generator – 0.40

 The average wind speed at 15m height is is 5 metre/sec ,
 Assumme Density of air is 1 kg/m3
 Supposed The Capacity factor to be 0.30 ( 30% of the time if wind system is generating
energy at maximum rated power of its designed)
 As the Number of hours in a year 8763 hours.

The actual power that will be converted to the useful energy

= Cp × (losses in transmission) × losses in generator

Considering losses

• COP of the generator Cp = 0.40

• losses in transmission (rotor to generator) = 0.90

• losses in generator = 0.90

• Total loss factor = 0.40 × 0.90 × 0.90 = 0.324

• Actual power Available = 62.5 × 0.324 = 20.25 W/m

Power rating of the turbine

So a 20 Kw rated power wind turbine will deliver desired daily energy under mentioned
situation. Generally per kilowatt cost of a wind turbine varies from $300.00 to $.500.00. For
the above calculation a 50 kW wind turbine would cost about 50 × 300.00 $15000.00
2.4.3 Assumption made:

[The above power rating is based on the assumption that wind speed of 5 metre/sec will be
available throughout the year, 8760 hours, which is not the case, therefore we have taken the
capacity factor into account.

20 KW Senhui vertical axis turbine

Rotor diameter: 12.35m

Blades quantity: 3pcs
Tower style and height Free-standing tower 16m, 18m up to25m.
Blades material: Carbon fiber reinforced plastic
Rated output Power: 20KW
Power supplied to Grid 24KW [in 5seconds]
working voltage: DC360V/500V,AC220V/380V
Annual average energy production: 50MWH (in rate 5m/s wind speed)
working wind speed: 3-35m/s
Initial wind speed: 2.0m/s
Nominal wind speed: 9.0m/s（30.3mph）
Storm-stand: up to 55m/s
Max rotate speed: 120r/min
Wind turbine type: Three-phase, PMG Alternator
Working temperature: from -40 to +60 C
Blade Pitch Control Variable Pitch
Over-speed Protection Aerodynamic brake + Electromechanical disc brake
Speed Regulate and Shut Down Methods Auto-
Yawing, Positive Pitch and Electric Magnet Switch.
Gearbox: None, Direct Drive
2.5 Solar Power Designing:

The Following are the main Four Steps Involved for Designing Of a solarSystem:

The Estimation Of load from given Data

Number of PV panels Required for required

Require battery banks Capacity in AH Or Kwh

Cost Analysis of the system.

Assumption Made:

 Inverter which will converts DC power into AC power having efficiency almost 90%.
 voltage used in the operation = 12 volts
 both The efficiency ofan inverter and also the battery can be calculated as the
combined efficiency = efficiency of inverter × efficiency of battery = 0.9 × 0.9 = 0.81 =
81%
 availability of Sunlight during normal day = 8 hours/day (during peak radiation)
 the rating of PV panel power = 40 Wp (Wp, meaning, watt (peak), gives only peak
power output of a PV panel)
 A factor also called “operating factor‟ which is used for the estimatationof the actual
output gained from the PV module.

[The operating factor ranges from 0.62 to 0.90 (the output power is 60 to 80% lower than rated
output power) during the normal operating conditions, depending on the temperature, dust on
module, etc.
2.5.1 Total system watt hours rating :

= Total maximum daily load (watts) =1439 Kwh

2.5.2 The PV panel Actual power output = the Peak power rating of the panel × the
operating factor

= 40 × 0.75 = 30 watt

The power which normally utilize by the end use is usually less (because of the system lower
combined efficiency )

= panel Actual power output × the combined efficiency

= 30 × 0.81 = 24.3 watts (VA)

= 24.3 watts

Energy generated by one 40 Wp panel per day

= the Actual energy output × peak hours I,e 8 hours

= 24.3 × 8 = 194.4 watts-hour

2.5.3 Total Number of the solar panels which required to meet the daily
estimated load :

= (Total watt-hour rating (daily load)/(Daily energy produced by a panel)

=4000/194.4 = 20.57= 21(round figure)

2.5.4 calculation of desired Inverter size:

Total Daily load to solarpanels system is = 1439 watts hours

2.5.4.1 Inveters Available rating : 100, 200, 500 VA, etc.

Therefore, the choice of the inverter should be 500 VA

 Total number of inverter is = 10

2.6 Battery Bank sizing for Overall Hybrid System

Deep cycle battery is usually Recommended for battery type using in the solar PV system,
which is specially designed for charging of potential or energu level and for swift recharging or
cycling charge and the discharge for the day after day for number of years. To store enough
energy size if the battery should be huge enough to drive the utilizations during night and also
cloudy days.In order to find out the required size of the battery, follows the following
calculation :
1) Calculate perday the total energy ( Watt hours) which is consumed by appliances.
2) Divide Total Watt-hours per day used by appliances by 0.85 battey loss factor.
3) than Divide the result which obtained from above by 0.6 ( depth of discharge).
4) Divide the above result obtained by the nominal battery voltage.
5) result which obtained Multiply with the days of autonomy (the number of days that
you need the system to operate when there is no power produced by PV panels)
Ampere- hour capacity of deep cycle battery.

Battery Capacity (Ah) = Watt hours consumed per day x autonomy days
( 0.6 x0.85 x battery nominal voltage)

= (20000/(0.85 x 0.6 x 12)) x 1

Battery Capacity (Ah) =32778 Ah

The above are the battery bank capacity required to provide an electricity for 24 hours with
40% of over generation storage because our generation capacity is 1600kwh.
3 Grid Stability Ananlysis.

3.1 Configuration Selection:

We have choose an Hybrid Energy system (Wind+solar) Because of the following main Reasons
Power Syste

Reasons for Not choosing Hydro ms:

 We have a flow rate of 0.01 to 0.04 m3/s from june to October which are insufficient of
producing Requirements During These Months.
 A lot of intial cost will consumed to store energy for these months.

Reasons for choosing Wind Hydro Power System:

 As we see from the Table that the wind energy speed of the island is 5.02 m/s which is
an ideal speed for the wind energy system.
 The out put of the Selected wind turbine system at 5.02 m/s is 3.2 KW which is more
efficient compared to Hydro and solar system
 There is a low maintenance cost /kw as compared to hydro and solar energy system
 Overall long life span compared to hydro power system.

Reasons for choosing Solar Hydro Power System:

We have choose solar system as a secondar option for the following reasons

 500 w/m2 irridation is available which is efficient for producing energy for a hybrid
system
 To accommodate fluctuations during slow wind speed
 Same inverters ,vharge controller and batteries will be used for storing daily energy so
the intial cost also the maintenance cost will be reduced
3.2 Control Mechanism for stable Grid:

3.2.1 Daily Energy Load Requirements:

As we designed our system for daily energy requirement computed daily energy for throughout
the years ,also for monthly basis, daily basis and hourly basis.

The maximum daily requirement of the island was 1439Kwh through out the year so keeping in
mind the maximum daily load we designed our system.

3.2.2 Sources For Energy system , Energy Available and its management:

As We choose an hybrid system(Solar+Wind), Wind will produce or generate 1200 Kwh while
Solar will produce 400Kwh, keeping in mind all the safety factor.

 The total energy will be stored for the whole day requirement, as the system have the
capability to handle fluctuations of 30% above the maximum daily Requirements.
 If wind speed decrease to 50% from 5.0m/s for 6 to 8 hours the system still have the
capability to handles the energy fluctuation, solar system will provide the required
energy to the grid.
 During Day time the energy requirement is less so solar will store maximum generated
energy to the Battery Bank in order to counter night lightening load of the island.
 During april to September there is less energy requirements so we will turn off the solar
system during these months .
 The system will be plc operated during high demand it will turn on solar panel one by
one to fulfill energy requirements
 If there is low energy requiremrent the PLC operated control system will turn off the PV
panel one by one.
 There will be also a feedback system If The battery bank charged full 100% control
system will cut off the supply from the wind turbine .
 The feedback system restore supply from the turbine to the grid once the storage of
energy decreases to 75%.
  The battery bank can store energy to 2000 kWH, 400 kwh will be used during
emergengy or for back up if some problem occurs in wind turbine or solar system or the
demand for energy goes too high.

From the above control mechanism and energy store system it is very clear that our grid system
is stable and also flexible for the fluctuated hourly daily and monthly energy demands,The
system will provide a stable energy to the island without any breakdown or short fall,also the
intial cost of the system designing is liitle high for the sake of linear and stable grid as there is
no backup system for the island so we have provides the backup system of our owns.

4 Cost Analysis:

4.1 Cost Analysis for Wind system

4.1.1. Site assessment : for single wind turbine and solar project, soil analysis finding is
essential to implement that whether it is the accurate site for the hybrid system installation or
not, next to the investigation there is site specific design foundation thats cost $15,00

4.1.2. Land lease: wind turbine and solar system must be installed the region where more
windiest area to maximize generated revenues from the power been generated. In overall
this should be the lease for land so that project name sited as well as to get different
parts of a wind turbine during the disassembling practice easements on the neighboring lands.
Which will prevent built closely other project , also lower the production numbers.
Generally, leases for 50kW turbines will vary from $3,000 to $3500 per year per turbine also
depending how big the turbine is, which will help to calculate size of the land for construction
process.

4.1.3. Permits: every kind of project need to accomplish archeological ,environmental and
further studies afore permits for the station construction to be issued. Legal costs which
permitting expensive can get for the projects the areas where there is possiblityof court case
may be occur from revelries which is affected by the other project. Frequently building permit
fee is established on the cost of total project and this amount can vary from $5,000t to $6000
per turbine.

4.1.4. Connectivity: Connectivity is an authoritative for study of interconnection during the

planning phase,.because Connectivity its time consuming alot and also Connectivity is very
expensive . the studies of Interconnection for the project can charges everywhere ranging from
$5,000 to $6000 or even more that, also depending on the actual size of project and also
where the interconnection is to be positioned

4.1.5. Turbine and tower expenses: the tower and turbine are the largest expense in the
project development. Nowadays, commercial turbines range in price from $5500 for 50KW.
This cost varies depending on project size, turbine model and manufacturer, transportation cost
of the turbine and the tower to the site, and other factors

4.1. 6. Installation costs: it envolves the following basis three types of copst before
starting a energy or hybrid system

 Foundations: depending on the weight of the generator assembly and rotor and the
height of the tower the price will vary. “A turbine foundation is very large: 8-9
truckloads of concrete, with costs ranging from $500,0 to $7000 including soil
boring and engineering design.”
 Wiring to turbine base: this grips or hold installation of the o pad mount
transformer located at a turbine base if essential, installion of the electric poles for
carrying power to appliances line, underground installion of wires on the land that
cost range vary from $2,000 to $2500 or even more than that.
 Turbine erection: rental of a crane ia the major cost in the Turbine erection step is
related. The broad price estimate from a qualified installation company will likely be in
the range of $400, 0 to $50,00 For 50KW

4.1.7. Commissioning Costs: usually included in the price of the turbine manufacturer
charges once the order is made. “Commissioning is the process of connecting the turbine to the
transmission lines and making sure it is working correctly. The main components of
commissioning are final wiring, setting parameters, checking operational safety, and
verifying the successful generation of power as shown in the manufacturer’s instructions which
will cost $2500

4.1.8 Operating costs: can be divided into 4 components, Operation and maintenance,
Warranty, Insurance, administrative and legal costs.

 Operation and maintenance (O&M): “Owners can choose to do most of the O&M
themselves, as long as they are trained by the company technicians who perform
the turbine commissioning. Third party and turbine manufacturers also offer
turbine O&M services. These services typically range from $20,00 to $5000 per
year for each turbine. »
 Warranty: “A machine warranty will typically run between $20,000 to $40,000 per
year per turbine depending upon the turbine manufacturer, size of the project, and
turbine model. A typical warranty lasts for two years with an option to extend the
warranty up to five years
 Insurance: “Insurance costs range from $8,000-$15,000 per year for each turbine. This
cost will increase after the warranty on the machine is over and the likelihood of
equipment failure increases in the later years of the project.”

4.1.9 Controlling of the Turbine power system:

 Siemens PLC controller cost range from $1500 to $1600

 Rectifier and charge dump load cost range from $1200 to $1300
 Off grid Inverter cost range from $2500 to $3000

Sr# Equipment /Material Cost$

1 Site Assesment 2500

2 Land Cease 3100
3 Permit 5500
 4 Connectivity 5000
5 Turbine and Tower Expenses 52000
6 Installation Cost
Foundation 4500
Wiring 2000
Errection of Turbine 5100
7 Commisioning Cost 3000
8 Operating Cost
Operation and manintenance 3200
Insurance 9000
9 Controlling cost
PLC 2500
Charge Rectifier 2100
Off Grid 2200
Total Cost for wind+land 101700

4.2 Cost Analysis of solar system

Sr Item Description Specification Cost

21 pannel
1 Solar Panel $7000/-

2 Battery 150 Ah 12 $2200.00/-

Volt
 Charge
3 50 Amp $3000.00/-
Controller
500 Volt

4 Inverter 20 KW 350 $3500.00/-

volt DC

5 Panel Box 5 per Watt $800.0/-

6 Cable 5 mm $3000.0/-

7 Installation - $8000.0/-

$2000.0/-
8 Transport -

Total $29500
-
4.3 Cost of Battery Banks :

Required battery bank Capacit = 33000 Ah

Price of 200ah Gel type battery = $160

We need batteries = 33000/200 =165

Cost of 165 batteries = 165 x160 = $ 26400

4.4 Total cost:

TOTAL INTIAL COST OF THE Hybrid system= TCW +T CS +T CB

TCW = Total cost of wind system.

T CS = Total cost of solar system.

T CB =Total cost of backup battery system.

TCW =$101700

T CS = $29500

T CB = $26400

So Total intial Cost of the overall hybrid System =$101700 +$ 29500 +$26400

=$157,600/-

4.5 PAYBACK TIME

Energy generation Capacity of the hybrid System = 1600Kwh/day

Yearly Generation Capacity = 1600 x 365 =58400 kwh/year

 Electricity unit Price in Europe = 12 cents

Yearly Pay Back Time = 0.12 x 58400 = 70080$

So the total Pay Back Time without Inflation is = 157600/70080 = 22 Years

Conclusion:

The Hybrid Electric energy system is one of the best and active solution for the purpose of
power generation other than using Diesel,coal,biogas,Natural gas and other conventional
power generation resources and process. The renewable and specially the hybrid energy
system has greater efficiency. The main advantages of the hybrid energy system is that it can
provide Electricity or power to those remote areas where it is difficult for the government
government to provide a stable energy system. So that the energy can be consumed where it
produced and it will minimize or reduce the total losses in transmission and also the cost
of the generated Electricity. Also the Cost can be minimized to low level by increasing the
productivity of the overall equipment installed in the Power generation system.It is
necessary to motivate the people to utilize most of the non-conventional Power or energy
resources. Because It is very safe also it is environment friendly because it doesn’t generate
any type of emission and harmful waste product or flue gases like the other conventional
energy resources, also It is most economical and an effective solution for the electricity
generation system .Conventional energy system only need an initial investment having a long
life span and life cycle low maintenance cost .So we can say it is very economical
effiecient,cost effective and an affordable system for the power generation purposes.