Design of T-Beam Roof Slab

Name of work:- PKN

1 Room size 6.00 m x 10.00 m

2 R.C.C. supported Beam 0.30 m 300 mm

3 End bearing on wall 0.40 m 400 mm

4 Suer imposed load 2000 N/m2 Floor finishing 600 N/m2

5 Concrete m- 20 Grade Unit weight concrete 25000 N/m3

scbc 7 N/mm2 m 13.33

6 Steel fy 415 N/mm2 Tensile stress 230 N/mm2

7 Nominal cover Slab 15 mm Effective cover 20 mm

8 Nominal cover Beam 25 mm Effective cover 35 mm

9 Reinfocement
Slab main 8 mm F 170 mm c/c

Slab Distribution 8 mm F 410 mm c/c

Beam main 25 mm F 4 Nos.

2 lgde strirrups 8 mm F 300 mm c/c

3250 3500 3250

10000 mm
8 mm f @ 170 mm c/c 8 mm F @ 410 mm c/c
400 8 mm f @ 340 mm c/c 8 mm f @ 170 mm c/c 400

650 810 875 875 810 650

100
mm
440 25 mm f 440
600 4 Nos. 300
700 700
300
(a) Section of the slab

400 2 Nos 25 mm f 2 x12 mm f top holding bars 400

25 mm f 8 mm F2 ldge srirrups @
4 Nos 300 mm c/c

300

330 330
6000
(b) L- Section of Beam
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 Design of T-Beam Roof Slab

1 Room size 6.00 x 10.00 mtr

2 R.C.C. supported Beam 0.30 m = 300 mm
3 End bearing on wall 0.40 mtr = 400 mm
4 External load 2000 N/m2 Floor finishing = 600 N/mm2
5 Concrete M 20 Unit weight concrete = ### N/m3
scbc 7 N/mm 2
m = 13.33
6 Steel fy 415 N/mm2 sst = 230 N/mm2
7 Nominal Cover 15 mm Effective cover 20 mm

1 Solution :-
Let us keepend sapn of slab slightly less than the middle span so that approximately
(I) End span = 3.10 m (clear) (II) middle span = 3.20 m (clear)
The clear span of each T Beam = 6.00 m while the R.C. slab monolithic with the
beam will be continous over the three span
Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars Cocrete M = 20

sst = = 230 N/mm2 wt. of concrete = 25000 N/mm2

scbc = = 7 N/mm3
m = 13.33
m*c 13.33 x 7
k= = = 0.289
m*c+sst 13.33 x 7 + 230
j=1-k/3 = 1 - 0.289 / 3 = 0.904
R=1/2xc x j x k = 0.5 x 7 x 0.90 x 0.289 = 0.913

(A) Design of continous slab:-

let us assume total thickness of slab = 100 mm and effective thickness = 80 mm
Effective span;-
the width of the supports is more than 1/12the clear span
.Effective end span = clear span +1/2 effective slab= 3.10 + 0.04 = 3.14 m
Effective middle = = clear distance between supports = 3.20 m

2 Caculcation of B.M. :-
Overall depth of slab = 100 mm, consider 1 mtre width of slab
self weight of Slab = 1 x 1.00 x 0.10 x ### = 2500 N/m
Total = 2500 N/m
Super imposed live load = 1 x 1 x 2000 = 2000 N/m
For end span
wd.L2 2500 x 3.14
Md (near the center)= x 1000 = 2
x 1000 = 2054083 N-mm
12 12
Ms (Due to super ws.L2 2000 x 3.14
x 1000 = 2
x 1000 = 1971920 N-mm
imposed load)= 10 10
Total = 4026003 N-mm(+1)
For intermidiate span :-
wd.L2 2500 x 3.20 2
x
Md (at the middle)= x 1000 = 1000 = 1066667 N-M (iii)
24 24
wd.L2 2500 x 3.20 +
2
Ms (at interior supports ) x 1000 = 1000 = 2560000 N-M (iv)
12 10
At the supports next to end supports Total = 3626667 N-mm(+2)
wd.L2 2500 x 3.14 2
x
Md (at the middle)= x 1000 = 1000 = 2464900 N-mm
10 10
ws.L2 2500 x 3.14
Ms = x 1000 = 2
x 1000 = 2464900 N-mm
9 10
Total = 4929800 N-mm(+3)
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3 Design of section :-
The effective depth will be calculated on the basis of maximum bending moment
out of four value calculated above.
BM 4929800
Effective depth required = = = 73 mm
Rxb 0.913 x 1000

= 26 for contin slab

Let us check this depth from stiffness (deflection)point of view. Span /effective depth ratio
k.c 100 0.289 x 7 x 100
For a balance section, % of reinforcement- For M-20 = = x = 0.44 %
2. sst 2 230
Taking pt = 0.25 % we get from fig 7.1 modification factore = 1.70
\ span / depth = 1.70 x 26 = 44.2 d = 3100 / 44.2 = 70 mm for end span
And d for inetrmidiate span = 3200 / 44.2 = 72 mm
keep over all d = 73 + 20 = 100 effective d = 100 - 15 - 4 = 81 mm
Since the diffences between various bending moments is not large, reinforcement found
for large will be provided for other moments also.

4 Main Reiforcement :-
The maximum bending moment in end span (1) in intermidiate span (2) and at the support
next to end support (3) are nearly equal. Hence same reinforcement will be provided in all span .
BM 4929800
Ast = = = 293 mm2
sst x j x D 230 x 0.904 x 81
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm f bars A = = = 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Pitch s = = 1000 x As /A = 1000 x 50 / 293 = 171.5 say = 171 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, 170 mm c/c middle of each span.
Bent up alternate bars from the bottom at a distance of L/5= = 3140 / 5 = 620 mm from
center of intermidiate supports and at L/ 7 '= 3140 / 7 = 450 mm from the end support.
Thus reinforcement available at each intermidiate support will be = 8 mm f bars @ 170 mm c/c
1000 x 50.2 296
Actual provided = = 296 mm2 pt = x 100 = 0.300 %
170 1000 x 100
Distribution reinforcement:-
.12 xb xd 0.12 x 1000 x 100
Ast = = = 120 mm2
100 100
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm f bars A = = = 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Pitch s = = 1000 x As /A = 1000 x 50.2 / 120 = 418.7 say = 419 mm
the above pitch is less than 5 time depth of slab = 5xd = 500 mm and also less than = 450 mm.
Hence provided = 8 mm bars @ 410 mm c/c.

Check for shear :-

V = 0.4wd .L+0.45 ws .L at the outer supports
v =( 0.4 x 2500 + 0.45 x 2000 )x 3.14 = 5966 N
V 5966
tv = = = 0.074 N/mm2
bxd 1000 x 81
100.As 100 x 148
= = 0.18 % \ tc = 0.19 % For M 20 concrete
bxd 1000 x 81
0.074 < than permissible value of tc = 0.19 N/mm2 Hence safe

5 Check for devlopment length at supports:-

The code stipulates that at the diameter of bars should be such that
1.3xM1
the following Eq.is satisfied at the end of supports = + L0 > Ld
V
where M = 0.5 x 296 x 230 x 0.904 x 81 = 2491986 v= 5966 N
 Side cover x' = 25 mm is provided at side (end)
and the slab has a support of = 400 mm width without providing any hook or bend
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400
=( - 25 )= 175 mm (with out providing any hook or bend)
2
1.3 xM1 2491986
+ L0 = 1.3 x + 175 = 718 mm
V 5966
f s st 8 x 230
Devlopment length Ld = = = 359 mm
4 tbd 4 x( 1.6 x 0.8 )
Alternatively, Ld = 45 F = 45 x 8 = 360 mm
M1
Thus = 1.3x + L0 > Ld
V
= 718 > 360 Hence Code requirement are satisfied

(B) Design of T beam

Let width of web bw = 300 mm Effective span = 6.40 m
lo 6400
bf = + bw + 6Df = + 300 + 6 x 100 = 1967 mm
6 6
1 load calculation per metre run unit weight of slab = 0 N/m3
3.10 3.20
Load from slab = (wd+ws) x + 0.30 + =( 2500 + 2000 )x 3.45 = 15525 N/m
2 2
Weight of web (assuming depth of rib) = 300 mm = 0.3 x 0.3 x 25000 = 2250 N/m
Total w = 17775 N/m
2 Design of section
wL2 17775 x 6.40 2
M = = x 1000 = 91008000 kN-m
8 8
2kcd-Df
for balance section, we have M = 0.45bf.c.Df
kc
2x 0.289 d- 100
or = 0.45 x 1967 x 7 x 100 = 91008000
0.289
91008000
346.49 2 x 0.289 d- 100 =
0.45 x 1967 x 7.00
200 d = 14691 + 34649 or 49340
= 49340 / 200 = 247 mm say 250 mm

3 Area of steel:-
Df 100 =
Area of steel = d- = 250 - 200 mm
2 2
Alternatively a = 0.9.d = 0.9 x 250 = 225 mm
Adopt d = 210 mm, for primilnary calculation.
BM 91008000
Area of steel, Ast = = = 1884 mm2
sst xa 230 x 210
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 25 x 25
using ### mm bars A = = = 491 mm2
4 x 100 4 x 100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A = 1884 / 491 = 3.84 say = 4 No.
Hence Provided 4 bars of 25 mm F bar,
having, Ast = 4 x 491 = 1963 mm2
Provide D = 300 mm keeping '= 25 mm nominal cover and using 8 mm f Ring
Available d = 300 - 25 - 8 - 25 / 2 = 255 mm

4 Determination of actual N.A. and stress.:-

Thus the section is complete known However, we have determine the actual stress included
in section. To find the position of N.A., we have from Eq.
N.A. = bf x Df x( n - Df/2 )= m x Ast x( d - n )
= 1967 x 100 x ( n - 50 )= 13.33 x 1963 x( 255 - n )
 196667 x n - 9833333 = 6670832 - 26160 n
196667 n + 26160.13 n = 6670832 + 9833333
n = 16504165 / 222827 = 74 mm thus, the N.A. falls in the flange.
N.A. falls in the flange, we have N.A . = bf / 2 x n 2 = m x Ast x( d - n )
1967
= x n2 = 13.33 x 1963 x( 255 - n)
2
\ n2 = 6784 - 26.6 n or n2+
26.60 n - 6783.9 = 0
b +Öb -4.a.c
2 or n = 26.60+ Ö 708 -4x 1.00 x -6784
n =
2 a 2 x 1
or n = 26.60 +( 708 - -27135.587288 )1/2
2
or n = 26.60 +( 27843.33 )1/2
2 x 1
or n = 26.60 + 167
2
or n = 140 / 2 = 70 mm
n 70
a.= d- = 255 - = 232 mm
3 3
m 91008000
Avrage stress in steel = = = 200 N/mm2 > 73 Fail
Ast xa 1963 x 232
corresponding stress In t n 200 70 N
= x = x = 5.7 < 7
concrete is given by m d-n 13.33 255 - 70 mm2

5 Check for Sheart:-

wl 17775 x 6.00 V 53325 N
V= = 53325 N tv = = = 0.7
2 2 bxd 300 x 255 mm2
100As 100 x 981
Assuming that at the ends, 2 bars will be bent up available = = 1.28 %
bxd 300 x 255
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)for M 20 concrete, for 1.28 % steel = 0.42 N/mm2
Since tv > tc Shear reinforcement necessary
shear resistance of concrete Vc=tc. Bd = 0.42 x 300 x 255 = 32130 N

Out of 4 -25 mm f bars, let us bend 2 bars at distance of √2 a = √ 2 x 232 mm

= 1.414 x 232 = 330 mm from the edge of the supports.
Area of cross -section of 2 bend up bars 3.14xdia2 = 3.14 x 25 x 25
= 491 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
Area of bent up bars = 2 x 491 = 982 mm2
\ Shear resistance of 2 Nos.bent up bars vs = ssv . Asv . sin f Sin 45 = 0.707
vs = s sv x Asv x sina = 230 x 982 x 0.707 = 159683 N
subject to a max. of V / 2 = 53325 / 2 = 26662.5 N
This is > than the S.F. it self. Through shear resistance of concrete (v 2 = tc. bd )
is additionally available, we will have to provide nominal shear stirrups.
3.14xdia2 3.14 x 8 x 8
using 8 mm f bars area = = = 50.2 mm2
4 x100 4 x 100
using 8 mm 2 lgd stirrups area = 2 x 50.2 = 100.4 mm2
2.175 x Asv.x fy 2.18 x 100.4 x 415
the maximum spacing of stirrups is given by = = 302 mm
b 300
Hence Provided 8 mm F 2 lgd stirrups, @ 300 mm c/c throughout the length of beam.

6 check for development length at the end.

 The code requires that 1.3xM1 + L0 > Ld Ast available at end.= 981 mm2
V
M1 = moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcement stress at sst
M1 "= Ast x s st x a
= 981 x 230 x 232 = 52359500 N-mm
V = 53325 N Alternatively, Ld = 45 F = 45 x 25 = 1125 mm
Let us assume the width of supports equal to = 400 mm and a side cover x' 25 mm,
Assuming no hook provided
Ls 400
we have, Lo =( - x' = - 25 = 175 mm
2 2
1.3 xM1 52359500
+ L0 = 1.3 x + 175 = 1451 mm
V 53325
= 1451 > 1125 Hence Code requirement are satisfied
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 Design of T-Beam Roof Slab
Name of work:- PKN

3250 3500 3250

10000 mm
8 mm f @ 170 mm c/c 8 mm F @ 410 mm c/c
400 8 mm f @ 340 mm c/c 8 mm f @ 170 mm c/c 400

650 810 875 875 810 650

100

440 25 mm f 300 440

600 4 Nos. 200
700
300
(a) Section of the slab

400 2 Nos 25 mm f 2 x12 mm f top holding bars 400

25 mm f 8 mm F 2 ldge srirrups @
4 Nos 300 mm c/c

300

330 330
6000 mm
(b) L- Section of Beam

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 VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS
Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio 18.67 13.33 10.98 9.33 8.11 7.18 tbd (N / mm2
scbc N/mm2 5 7 8.5 10 11.5 13
m scbc 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33 93.33
kc 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
(a) sst =
jc 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867 0.867
140
N/mm2 Rc 0.867 1.214 1.474 1.734 1.994 2.254 Grade of
(Fe 250) Pc (%) concrete
0.714 1 1.214 1.429 1.643 1.857
kc 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 0.329 M 15
(b) sst = jc 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 M 20
190
Rc 0.732 1.025 1.244 1.464 1.684 1.903 M 25
N/mm2
Pc (%) 0.433 0.606 0.736 0.866 0.997 1.127 M 30
kc 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 M 35
(c ) sst =
jc 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 0.904 M 40
230
N/mm2 Rc 0.653 0.914 1.11 1.306 1.502 1.698 M 45
(Fe 415) Pc (%) 0.314 0.44 0.534 0.628 0.722 0.816 M 50
kc 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253
(d) sst =
jc 0.916 0.916 0.916 0.914 0.916 0.916
275
N/mm2 Rc 0.579 0.811 0.985 1.159 1.332 1.506
(Fe 500) Pc (%) 0.23 0.322 0.391 0.46 0.53 0.599

Permissible shear stress Table t v in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As Permissible shear stress in concrete tv N/mm2
bd M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40
Grade of
< 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.2 0.2 0.2
concrete
0.25 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
0.50 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 M 10
0.75 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 M 15
1.00 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 M 20
1.25 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 M 25
1.50 0.42 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49 M 30
1.75 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 M 35
2.00 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.54 0.55 M 40
2.25 0.44 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57 M 45
2.50 0.44 0.51 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 M 50
2.75 0.44 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62
3.00 and above 0.44 0.51 0.57 0.6 0.62 0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40

tc.max 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.5
Shear stress tc Reiforcement % modification factore Table
100As 100As % fy 200 250 328 415
M-20 M-20
bd bd 0.0
0.14 0.17 0.17 0.14 0.05
0.15 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.10
0.16 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.15 1.90
0.17 0.18 0.2 0.21 0.20 1.80
0.18 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.25 2 1.70
0.19 0.19 0.22 0.27 0.30 1.85 1.60
0.2 0.19 0.23 0.3 0.35 1.75 1.50
0.21 0.2 0.24 0.32 0.4 1.65 1.40
0.22 0.2 0.25 0.35 0.5 2.0 1.5 1.30
0.23 0.2 0.26 0.38 0.6 1.75 1.4 1.20
0.24 0.21 0.27 0.41 0.7 1.90 1.65 1.35 1.15
0.25 0.21 0.28 0.44 0.8 1.80 1.55 1.30 1.05
0.26 0.21 0.29 0.47 0.9 1.70 1.5 1.25 1.02
0.27 0.22 0.30 0.5 1.0 1.60 1.45 1.2 1.20
0.28 0.22 0.31 0.55 1.1 1.55 1.4 1.16 0.98
0.29 0.22 0.32 0.6 1.2 1.50 1.35 1.13 0.96
0.3 0.23 0.33 0.65 1.3 1.50 1.3 1.1 0.94
0.31 0.23 0.34 0.7 1.4 1.45 1.3 1.1 0.92
0.32 0.24 0.35 0.75 1.5 1.40 1.25 1.07 0.91
0.33 0.24 0.36 0.82 1.6 1.35 1.2 1.05 0.90
0.34 0.24 0.37 0.88 1.7 1.35 1.2 1.03 0.89
0.35 0.25 0.38 0.94 1.8 1.30 1.18 1.01 0.86
0.36 0.25 0.39 1.00 1.9 1.30 1.16 1.0 0.86
0.37 0.25 0.4 1.08 2.0 1.25 1.14 0.99 0.85
0.38 0.26 0.41 1.16 2.1 1.25 1.13 0.97 0.84
0.39 0.26 0.42 1.25 2.2 1.20 1.12 0.96 0.83
0.4 0.26 0.43 1.33 2.3 1.18 1.1 0.95 0.83
0.41 0.27 0.44 1.41 2.4 1.17 1.1 0.94 0.82
0.42 0.27 0.45 1.50 2.5 1.16 1.08 0.93 0.82
0.43 0.27 0.46 1.63 2.6 1.15 1.06 0.92 0.81
0.44 0.28 0.46 1.64 2.7 1.14 1.05 0.92 0.81
0.45 0.28 0.47 1.75 2.8 1.13 1.04 0.91 0.81
0.46 0.28 0.48 1.88 2.9 1.12 1.03 0.91 0.81
0.47 0.29 0.49 2.00 3.0 1.11 1.02 0.90 0.81
0.48 0.29 0.50 2.13 3.1 1.11 1.01 0.87 0.81
0.49 0.29 0.51 2.25 3.2 1.11 1.00 0.86 0.81
0.5 0.30
0.51 0.30
0.52 0.30
0.53 0.30
0.54 0.30 Value of angle
0.55 0.31 Degree sin cos tan
0.56 0.31 10 0.174 0.985 0.176
0.57 0.31 15 0.259 0.966 0.268
0.58 0.31 16 0.276 0.961 0.287
0.59 0.31 17 0.292 0.956 0.306
0.6 0.32 18 0.309 0.951 0.325
0.61 0.32 19 0.326 0.946 0.344
0.62 0.32 20 0.342 0.940 0.364
0.63 0.32 21 0.358 0.934 0.384
0.64 0.32 22 0.375 0.927 0.404
0.65 0.33 23 0.391 0.921 0.424
0.66 0.33 24 0.407 0.924 0.445
0.67 0.33 25 0.422 0.906 0.466
0.68 0.33 35 0.573 0.819 0.700
0.69 0.33 40 0.643 0.766 0.839
0.7 0.34 45 0.707 0.707 1.000
0.71 0.34 50 0.766 0.643 1.192
0.72 0.34 55 0.819 0.574 1.428
0.73 0.34 60 0.866 0.500 1.732
0.74 0.34 65 0.906 0.423 2.145
0.75 0.35
0.76 0.35
0.77 0.35
0.78 0.35
0.79 0.35
0.8 0.35
0.81 0.35
0.82 0.36
0.83 0.36
0.84 0.36
0.85 0.36
0.86 0.36
0.87 0.36
0.88 0.37
0.89 0.37
0.9 0.37
0.91 0.37
0.92 0.37
0.93 0.37
0.94 0.38
0.95 0.38
0.96 0.38
0.97 0.38
0.98 0.38
0.99 0.38
1.00 0.39
1.01 0.39
1.02 0.39
1.03 0.39
1.04 0.39
1.05 0.39
1.06 0.39
1.07 0.39
1.08 0.4
1.09 0.4
1.10 0.4
1.11 0.4
1.12 0.4
1.13 0.4
1.14 0.4
1.15 0.4
1.16 0.41
1.17 0.41
1.18 0.41
1.19 0.41
1.20 0.41
1.21 0.41
1.22 0.41
1.23 0.41
1.24 0.41
1.25 0.42
1.26 0.42
1.27 0.42
1.28 0.42
1.29 0.42
1.30 0.42
1.31 0.42
1.32 0.42
1.33 0.43
1.34 0.43
1.35 0.43
1.36 0.43
1.37 0.43
1.38 0.43
1.39 0.43
1.40 0.43
1.41 0.44
1.42 0.44
1.43 0.44
1.44 0.44
1.45 0.44
1.46 0.44
1.47 0.44
1.48 0.44
1.49 0.44
1.50 0.45
1.51 0.45
1.52 0.45
1.53 0.45
1.54 0.45
1.55 0.45
1.56 0.45
1.57 0.45
1.58 0.45
1.59 0.45
1.60 0.45
1.61 0.45
1.62 0.45
1.63 0.46
1.64 0.46
1.65 0.46
1.66 0.46
1.67 0.46
1.68 0.46
1.69 0.46
1.70 0.46
1.71 0.46
1.72 0.46
1.73 0.46
1.74 0.46
1.75 0.47
1.76 0.47
1.77 0.47
1.78 0.47
1.79 0.47
1.80 0.47
1.81 0.47
1.82 0.47
1.83 0.47
1.84 0.47
1.85 0.47
1.86 0.47
1.87 0.47
1.88 0.48
1.89 0.48
1.90 0.48
1.91 0.48
1.92 0.48
1.93 0.48
1.94 0.48
1.95 0.48
1.96 0.48
1.97 0.48
1.98 0.48
1.99 0.48
2.00 0.49
2.01 0.49
2.02 0.49
2.03 0.49
2.04 0.49
2.05 0.49
2.06 0.49
2.07 0.49
2.08 0.49
2.09 0.49
2.10 0.49
2.11 0.49
2.12 0.49
2.13 0.50
2.14 0.50
2.15 0.50
2.16 0.50
2.17 0.50
2.18 0.50
2.19 0.50
2.20 0.50
2.21 0.50
2.22 0.50
2.23 0.50
2.24 0.50
2.25 0.51
2.26 0.51
2.27 0.51
2.28 0.51
2.29 0.51
2.30 0.51
2.31 0.51
2.32 0.51
2.33 0.51
2.34 0.51
2.35 0.51
2.36 0.51
2.37 0.51
2.38 0.51
2.39 0.51
2.40 0.51
2.41 0.51
2.42 0.51
2.43 0.51
2.44 0.51
2.45 0.51
2.46 0.51
2.47 0.51
2.48 0.51
2.49 0.51
2.50 0.51
2.51 0.51
2.52 0.51
2.53 0.51
2.54 0.51
2.55 0.51
2.56 0.51
2.57 0.51
2.58 0.51
2.59 0.51
2.60 0.51
2.61 0.51
2.62 0.51
2.63 0.51
2.64 0.51
2.65 0.51
2.66 0.51
2.67 0.51
2.68 0.51
2.69 0.51
2.70 0.51
2.71 0.51
2.72 0.51
2.73 0.51
2.74 0.51
2.75 0.51
2.76 0.51
2.77 0.51
2.78 0.51
2.79 0.51
2.80 0.51
2.81 0.51
2.82 0.51
2.83 0.51
2.84 0.51
2.85 0.51
2.86 0.51
2.87 0.51
2.88 0.51
2.89 0.51
2.90 0.51
2.91 0.51
2.92 0.51
2.93 0.51
2.94 0.51
2.95 0.51
2.96 0.51
2.97 0.51
2.98 0.51
2.99 0.51
3.00 0.51
3.01 0.51
3.02 0.51
3.03 0.51
3.04 0.51
3.05 0.51
3.06 0.51
3.07 0.51
3.08 0.51
3.09 0.51
3.10 0.51
3.11 0.51
3.12 0.51
3.13 0.51
3.14 0.51
3.15 0.51
 Permissible Bond stress Table t bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)
M-10 M-15 M-20 M-25 M-30 M-35 M-40 M-45 M-50
-- 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

2.0
Development Length in tension
1.6
Plain M.S. Bars H.Y.S.D. Bars
tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F tbd (N / mm2) kd = Ld F
1.2
0.6 58 0.96 60
0.8 44 1.28 45
0.8
0.9 39 1.44 40
1 35 1.6 36
0.4
1.1 32 1.76 33
1.2 29 1.92 30
1.3 27 2.08 28
1.4 25 2.24 26

for steeel
fy 500
fy 415
Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000) fy 328
Permission stress in compression (N/mm ) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for
2
fy 250
Bending acbc Direct (acc) plain bars in tention (N/mm2) fy 207
(N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) Kg/m2 (N/mm2) in kg/m2
3.0 300 2.5 250 -- --
5.0 500 4.0 400 0.6 60
7.0 700 5.0 500 0.8 80
8.5 850 6.0 600 0.9 90
10.0 1000 8.0 800 1.0 100
11.5 1150 9.0 900 1.1 110
13.0 1300 10.0 1000 1.2 120
14.5 1450 11.0 1100 1.3 130
16.0 1600 12.0 1200 1.4 140
able
500
2.00
1.80
1.65
1.50
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.20
1.16
1.08
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.70
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.68
 fs = 120 =fy200
2.0
fs =145 =fy250
fs =190 =fy328
1.6
fs =240 =fy415
fs = 290 =fy500
1.2

0.8

0.4

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2

Modification factore
Fig 7.1
Fs= steel stress of service load =0.58fy

= Fs 290 N/mm2
= Fs 240 N/mm2
= Fs 190 N/mm2
= Fs 145 N/mm2
= Fs 120 N/mm2