2nd Dispatch DLPD - IIT JEE - Class XI - English - PC (Maths) PDF

CONTENT
MATHEMATICS
CLASS : XI
Preface Page No.
1. Trigonometric ratio identities & Equations

Exercise 01 - 27
2. Fundamentals of Mathematics - II
Exercise 28 - 38
3. Straight Line
Exercise 39 - 70
4. Circle
Exercise 70 - 92
5. Mathematical Reasoning, Induction & Statistics

Exercise 92 - 101
6. Solution of Triangle
Exercise 101 - 125
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TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO, IDENTITIES & EQUATIONS
EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-2. c = 180º
1
A-4. (a) 3 +2+3× =6
3
1 1
(b) 2× +2× + 2 × 4 = 10
2 2
1 1
(c) +0=
5 5
(– cos ) cos  (– cos ) cos 

A-6.  cot 2   cot 2 
sin   (– sin ) sin   (– sin )
5 3
A-9. tan  = –  <  < 2
12 2
5 12
 sin  = – and cot  = –
13 5
5 12
sin   cot  – –
– sin  – cot  13 5 181
LHS = = 2 cos ec = = = RHS
– cos ec – cos ec 13 338
– 2
5
Section (B) :
B-4. LHS = cos 2  + cos ( + ) { cos  cos  – sin  sin  – 2 cos  cos }
= cos 2  – cos ( + ) . cos ( – ) = cos 2  – cos 2 + sin2 
= sin2 = RHS
sin 2 A  sin 2 B sin( A  B) sin( A  B) 2 sin( A  B) sin( A  B)
B-6. (i) = = = tan (A + B)
sin A cos A  sin B cos B 1 1 2 cos( A  B) sin( A  B )
sin 2A  sin 2B
2 2
cos( A  15º ) sin( A – 15 º )
(ii) cot (A + 15º) – tan (A – 15º) = –
sin( A  15º ) cos( A  15 º )
cos(A  15º ) cos(A  15º )  sin(A  15º ) sin(A  15º ) (cos 2 A  sin 2 15 º )  (sin2 A  sin 2 15 º )
= = 1
sin(A  15º ) cos(A  15º )
(sin 2A  sin 30 º )
2
2 cos 2A 4 cos 2A
= =
1 2 sin 2A  1
sin 2A 
2
B-7 A + B = 45°  tan(A + B) = tan(45º)
tan A  tan B
 1 – tan A tan B = 1  tanA + tanB + tanA tanB = 1
1º
 (1 + tanA) (1 + tanB) = 2 put A = B = 22
2
1º 2 1º
 (1 + tan 22 ) =2  tan 22 = 2 –1
2 2
RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 1
Section (C) :
  2   –   
  1 – tan   
   4    cos  cot 4   9
C-1. LHS =  
–   sec

  1  tan 2   –   2  2
 
   4  
  
  –    9  cos cos 4   9
= – cos    cos cot 4  sec

= – sin  2 
2 2  sec
    2  2 sin 4   2
 
1    9
= cos 4  cos – sin 4  sin  sec
sin 4   2 2 2
1 9 9
= × cos . sec = cosec 4 = RHS
sin 4  2 2
cos A  sin A cos A  sin A 4 sin A cos A 2 sin 2A

C-3. (ii) – = 2 2 = = 2 tan 2A
cos A  sin A cos A  sin A cos A – sin A cos 2A
C-9 tan tan(60° + ) tan(60° – ) = tan 3

 3  tan    3 – tan  
LHS = tan  

 
 1  3 tan  
 1 – 3 tan    
 3 – tan2  
  3 tan  – tan 3 
= tan  2  =  tan 3 
 1 – 3 tan   1 – 3 tan 2 
Put  = 20°  tan 20°
 tan 20° tan80° tan 40° = tan60° = 3
Section (D) :
 2   2 
D-1. Let y = cosx .cos   x  cos  x
 3   3 
1  4  1   1  2 cos 2x 
y= cos x cos  cos 2 x   y= cos x  
2  3  2  2 
1 1
y= 2 cos 2x cos x  cos x  y= [cos 3x + cos x – cosx]
4 4
1
y= cos 3x  –1  cos 3x  1
4
1 1
ymin = – and ymax =
4 4
D-3. (i) y = 10 cos2x – 6 sin cosx + 2 sin2x

= 5 (1 + cos 2x) – 3 sin 2x + 1 – cos 2x
= 4 cos 2x – 3 sin 2x + 6 – a 2  b 2  a cos + b sin  a2  b2

ymax = 5 + 6 = 11
ymin = – 5 + 6 = 1
(ii) y = 1 + 2 sinx + 3 cos2x
y = 1 + 2sinx + 3 – 3 sin2 x
y = 1 – (3 sin2x – 2 sinx – 3)
2 1 1
y = 1 – 3 (sin2x – sinx + – – 1)
3 9 9
 2 2
1 10   1 13
y = 1 – 3  sin x –  –  = – 3  sin x –  +
 3 9  3 3

13  16  13
ymax = , ymin = – 3   + =–1
3  9  3
 
(iii) y = 3 cos     + 5 cos + 3
 3 
1 3
y = 3 cos . –3 sin + 5 cos + 3
2 2
3 3 3
y= cos  – sin  + 5 cos + 3
2 2
13 3 3
y= cos  – sin + 3
2 2
169 27
ymax =  + 3 = 7 + 3 = 10
4 4
169 27
ymin = –  +3 =– 7+3=–4
4 4
Section (E) :
cos A cos ecA  sin A sec A cos 2 A – sin2 A cos A – sin A
E-2. (i) = 
cos A  sin A sin A cos A(cos A  sin A ) cos A sin A
2
1 1 cos  cos  1 cos  – 1  sin
(ii) – =  – 
sec  – tan  cos  1 – cos  1 – sin cos  (1 – sin) cos
sin  – sin2  sin 

= 
(1 – sin  ) cos  cos 
1 cos  sin   1 – cos 2  sin (1  sin  ) sin 

– =  
cos  sin   1 (1  sin  ) cos  (1  sin  ) cos  cos 
cos 3 A  sin3 A cos 3 – sin3 A

(iii)  cos 2 A + sin2A – sinA cosA + cos 2A + sin2 A + sin A cosA = 2
cos A  sin A cos A – sin A
Section (F) :
8
sin 1
2 4 6  2 4 7
F-1. (i) LHS = cos cos cos = – cos cos cos =– = = RHS
7 7 7 7 7 7 3  8
2 . sin
7
 2 3 4 5
(ii) LHS = cos cos cos . cos . cos
11 11 11 11 11
 2 4 8 16
= cos cos cos cos cos
11 11 11 11 11
32   
sin 3   
sin
11  11  1
= 5  =  = = RHS
2 . sin 32. sin 32
11 11
F-2. LHS = sin2  + sin2 2 + sin2 3 + ....... + sin2 n
 1  cos 2   1  cos 4   1  cos 2n 
=     .......... ....   
 2   2   2 
n 1
=  [(cos2 + cos4 + cos6 + ........+ cos 2n)]
2 2
 n(2) 
 sin 2  2  2n 
n 1  . cos   n 1  sin n  . cos(n  1) 
=  2 2 =    = RHS
2 2  sin    2 2  sin  
 2 
F-7. cos (S – A) + cos (S – B) + cos (S – C) + cos S
 2S  A  B  B  A   2S  C  C
= 2 cos   cos   + 2 cos   cos  
 2   2   2   2 
C B  A   A B C C  A B
= 2 cos   cos   + 2 cos   cos = 2 cos  2 cos cos 
2  2   2  2 2  2 2
Section (G) :
 
G-4. sin 2 = cos 3  cos   2  = cos 3
2 
 
 – 2 = 2n ± 3  – 2 ± 3 = 2n
2 2

  2n    1  2n 
  = 2n – , 2   = 2n – ,  
2 5 2 5 2 
G-8. tan 2 tan  = 1  sin 2 sin  = cos 2 cos 

 
 0 = cos 3  3 = (2n + 1)  = (2n + 1) .
2 6
Section (H) :
H-4. cos 2 x + cos 2 2 x + cos 2 3 x = 1
1 cos 2x 1 cos 4 x 1 cos 6 x
 + + =1  cos2x + cos4x + cos6x = – 1
2 2 2
 2cos4x cos2x = –2cos 22x  cos2x = 0 or cos4x + cos2x = 0
   
 2x = (2n +1) or 2cos3x cosx = 0  x  ( 2n  1) , (2n + 1) , (2n + 1)
2 4 6 2
 n 
Now x = (2n + 1) = + may also be written as
6 3 6
     
x = (3k + 1) + ,(3k + 2) + , (3k) +
3 6 3 6 3 6
 5 
= k  , k  , k 
2 6 6
 
= (k + 1)   , k 
6 6
  
( k  is same as (2n + 1) ) = m  
2 2 6

H-5. sin2n – sin2(n – 1) = sin2
 sin(2n – 1) sin = sin2  sin = 0 or sin (2n – 1) = sin
(2n  2)
  = m , sin(2n – 1) – sin = 0   2 cos n sin 0
2
   1 
  n  (2p  1) , (n  1)        m , ,  p   
2 n 1  2 n
Section (I) :
 
I-1. tan2  – (1 + 3 ) tan  + 3 =0  tan  = 1, 3  = n + , n + .
4 3
3 2 sin 
I-3. 4 cos  – 3 sec  = 2 tan   4 cos  – =
cos  cos 
 4 cos2  – 3 = 2 sin  2
 4 – 4 sin  – 3 = 2 sin 
 4 sin2  + 2 sin  – 1 = 0
 2  4  16 22 5  1 5
 sin  = = =
8 8 4
 sin  =
  5  1 , 5 1
= –cos 36º, sin 18º
4 4
  3  
= –sin 54º, sin 18º = sin   , sin
 10  10
 3
  = n + (–1)n or n – (–1)n .
10 10
Section (J) :
 3 1 
J-1.
 sin   cos   =
3 sin  – cos  = 2  2  2 2  2
 
    1   
 2 sin     = 2  sin 
  = = sin – = n + (–1)n .
 6  6 2 4 6 4
J-2. 5 sin  + 2 cos  = 5

5 2 5
 sin  + cos  =
29 29 29
5
 sin  sin  + cos  cos  =
29
   
 cos ( – ) = sin  = cos       –  = 2n ±    
 2   2 

  = 2n ±  +
2
   
 = 2n ± , 2n ± + 2   = 2n + , 2n – + 2
2 2 2 2

For  = 2n – + 2,
2

   5 
We have  = 2n + 2     = 2n + 2  tan 1  tan 1 1
 4   2 
5 
  1
 2  1 3 
= 2n + 2 tan–1  5  = 2n + 2 tan  7 
 1   
 2
 3
  = 2n + or 2n + 2 where tan–1 =
2 7
PART - II
Section (A) :
A-3. 3{cos 4 + sin4} – 2{cos 6 + sin6}
= 3{1 – 2 sin 2  cos 2} – 2 {1 × (cos 4 + sin4 – sin4 cos 2)}
= 3 – 6 sin2 cos 2 – 2 { 1 – 3 sin2  cos 2}
= 3 – 6 sin2 cos 2 – 2 + 6 sin2 cos 2 = 1
    3   3    
A-6. 1  cos   1  cos  1 – cos   1 – cos 
 10   10   10   10 
 2    3 
=  1 – cos   1 – cos 2 
 10   10 
 3
sin2 . sin2
10 10
2
 5 –1 5  1 
=  ·
 4 4 
2
 4 
=  
 16 
1
=
16
Section (B) :
B-2.  3 sin = 5 sin
 
tan  
sin  5 sin   sin  8  2 
 sin  = 3 
sin  – sin 
=
2

 –
=4
tan  
 2 
cot A cot B – 1
B-7.  cot (A + B) = cot 225° = 1  =1
cot A  cot B
 cot A cot B = 1 + cot A + cot B
cot A . cot B 1  cot A  cot B 1
Now = =
1  cot A  cot B  cot A cot B 2(1  cot A  cot B) 2
Section (C) :
4
C-3. tanA =  A  IIIrd quadrant
3
5 sin 2A + 3 sinA + 4 cosA
= 10 sinA cosA + 3 sinA + 4 cosA
= 10 sinA cosA + 3 sinA + 4 cosA
=0
C-6. tan2 = 2 tan2  + 1 ... (i)
1 – tan2 
cos 2 + sin2  = + sin2 
1  tan2 
1 – 2 tan 2  – 1 – 2 tan 2 
= + sin2  = + sin2 
1  2 tan 2   1 2 (1  tan 2 )
= – sin2  + sin2 = 0
which is independent of 
1
C-7*. sin t + cos t =
5
t t
2 tan  1 – tan 2
 2 2 =1  10 tan2
t
+ 5 – 5 tan2
t
= 1 + tan2
t
t 5 2 2 2
1  tan 2
2
t t t t t
 6 tan2 – 10 tan –4=0  3 tan2 – 6 tan + tan –2=0
2 2 2 2 2
t  tan t – 2   t  t t 1
 3 tan   + 1  tan – 2  = 0  tan = 2 , tan =–
2  2   2  2 2 3
Section (D) :
D-1. f() = sin4 + cos 2
= sin2 (1 – cos 2) + cos 2
= sin2 + cos 2 – sin2 cos 2
1
f() = 1 – sin22
4
 0  sin22  1
f()max = 1
1 3 
f()min = 1 – = 3/4  Range is  , 1
4 4 
D-2*. 1 + 4 sin+ 3 cos
 4 sin+ 3 cos[– 5, 5]
 Max. = 1 + 5 = 6
Min. = 1 – 5 = – 4
Section (E) :
E-2. square & add
a2 + b2 = 9 + 16 = 25
E-5*. 1 radian ~ 57º (approx.)
 sin1 > sin1°
 cos1° > cos1

Section (F) :
F-3. A = tan 6° tan 42°
B = cot 66° cot 78°
A
= tan 6° tan 42° tan 66° tan 78°
B
A tan 6 tan (60 – 6) tan (60  6)

 = tan 54 . tan 78° tan 42°
B
A tan 18 . tan (60 – 18) tan (60  18) tan 54 

 = = tan 54 
B tan 54
A
 =1  A=B
B
 2 4 8 16 
F-5*. cos · cos · cos · cos · cos
10 10 10 10 10
 32   2 
sin 25 sin sin  3  
10 1 10 1  10 
= =  = 32
5  32 sin   
2 sin 10 sin  
10  10 
 
2 sin cos
1 10 10 1 
=– · =– cos
32  16 10
sin
10
1
=– 10  2 5
64
F-7*. cos 2x + cos 2y + cos 2z – 2 cosx cosy cosz
(Given x + y = z)
= 1 + cos (x + y) cos (x – y) + cos 2z – 2 cosx cosy cosz
= 1 + cosz [cos (x – y) + cos (x + y)] – 2 cos x cosy cosz
= 1 + cosz . 2cosx cosy – 2 cosx cosy cosz
=1
= cos (x + y – z)
F-9*. tan A + tan B + tan C = 6, tan A tan B = 2
In any  ABC,
tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
 6 = 2 tan C  tan C = 3
 tan A + tan B + 3 = 6
 tan A + tan B = 3 & tan A tan B = 2
Now (tan A – tan B)2 = (tan A + tan B)2 – 4tan A tan B
=9 – 8 = 1
 tan A – tan B = ± 1
 tan A – tan B = 1 or tan A – tan B = – 1
tan A + tan B = 3 tan A + tan B = 3
on solving on solving
tan A = 2 tan A = 1
tan B =1 tan B = 2
Section (G) :
   2 
G-3. tan x + tan  x   + tan  x   =3  3 tan 3x = 3
 3  3 
n 
 tan 3x = 1  x= + ,n
3 12

Section (H) :
H-2. sin 7x + sin 4x + sin x = 0

1
 2 sin 4x cos 3x + sin 4x = 0  sin 4x = 0 or(;k) cos 3x = 
2
2 n 2 n  2   2 4
 4x = n or 3x = 2n ± x= ,  = 0, , , , .
3 4 3 9 4 2 9 9
H-4.* 2sin2x = sinx + sin3x
 2sin2x = 2sinx2x cosx  sin2x = 0 or cosx = 1
n
 2x = n or x = 2m  x= , 2m
2
n
options (A), (B), (C), (D) are all a part of x  .
2
Section (I) :
3 98  3  17
I-4. cos 2 + 3 cos  = 0  2 cos2  + 3 cos  – 1 = 0  cos  = =
4 4
 3  17 17  3
As –1  cos   1 a  cos  = only   = 2n ±  where cos  =
4 4
I-5. sin  + 7 cos  = 5
2t 7 1 t2
  =5 
 2 + 2 where t = tan  
1 t 1 t 2

 2t + 7 – 7t2 = 5 + 5t2  tan is root of 12 t2 – 2t – 2 = 0 or 6t2 – t – 1 = 0.
2
Section (J) :
3 7
J-1. tan = –1   , in [0, 2]
4 4
1  7 7
cos =   , in [0, 2]  common value is x =
2 4 4 4
7
 general solution is 2n  , n  I.
4
J-3.* Let E = sin x – cos2 x – 1  E = sin x – 1 + sin2 x – 1 = sin2 x + sin x – 2
2
 1 9
=  sin x   – assumes least value
 2 4
1  
when sin x =   x = n + (–1)n    .
2  6
EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
3. sinx + sin y = a .....(1)
cosx + cos y = b .....(2)
xy xy
2 sin  cos 
 2   2  a
=
xy xy b
2 cos  cos 
 2   2 

xy a
tan   =
 2  b
xy a xy b
 sin   =
2 2 , cos   =
 2  a b  2  a  b2
2
xy xy 2ab

 sin (x + y) = 2 sin   cos   = 2
 2   2  a  b2
xy
Now for tan  
 2 
(1)2 + (2)2
 1 + 1 + 2 cos (x – y) = a2 + b2
a2  b2  2
cos (x – y) =
2
 a2  b2  2 
1  
xy 1  cos( x  y ) xy 
 2 

 tan2   =
1  cos( x  y )  tan2   =
 2   2  a2  b2  2
1
2
xy 4  a2  b2
 tan   =±
 2  a2  b2
p
6. tan  =
q
1 p 2  q2
LHS = (p cosec 2 – q sec2) ×
2 p 2  q2
 p q 
1  cos ec 2 – sec 2  p 2  q2
=  2 2 2 2
2  p  q p q 
p q
sin  
2 2 , cos  
p q p  q2
2
1  sin cos2 – cos sin2 

=    p2  q2
2  sin2 cos2 
sin( – 2) sin 4
=  p 2  q2 =  p 2  q2 (  = 6)
sin 4 sin 4
o o
1 1
o o cos 7 2 cos 2 7
1 1 2 2
7. (i) cot 7 = tan 82 = =
2 2 1
o
sin15 o
sin 7
2
3 1
1
1  cos(45  30) 2 2 2 2  3 1
= = =
sin(45  30) 3 1 3 1
2 2
(2 2  3  1)( 3  1)
= = 2  3 2 6 = 2 3 4 6
3 1
= ( 2  3 ) ( 2  1)
o o 1
1 1 1
(ii) tan 142 = – cot 52 = o = o
2 2 1  1 
tan 52 tan  45  7
2  2 

o o o
1 1 1
1  tan 7 cos 7  sin 7
2 2 2
= – o = – o o
1 1 1
1  tan 7 cos 7  sin 7
2 2 2
2
o o
 cos 7 1  sin 7 1 

 1 3  1 
 

 2 2  1  sin15   2 2  (2 2  3  1)( 3  1)
=– = – = –   =–
cos 15 cos 15   3 1  2
 
 2 2 
[2 2 ( 3  1)  ( 3  1)2 ] [2 2 ( 3  1)  ( 4  2 3 )]
=– =–
2 2
= – [ 2 ( 3  1)  (2  3 )] = – 6  2 2 3 = 2 + 2 3 6
9. (i) tan9° – tan27° – tan 63° + tan81°

= (tan 9º + tan81º) – (tan 27º + tan 63º)
sin 90º sin 90º 2 2
= –  –
cos 9º cos 81º cos 27º cos 63º 2 sin 9º cos 9º 2 sin 27º cos 27º
2 2 2 2
= –  –
sin18º sin54º 5 –1 5 1
4 4
8 ( 5  1 – 5  1)
= 4
4
1 3  1 2
(ii) cosec 10° – 3 sec10° = 2  cos10 – sin10  ×  =4
sin10º cos10º 2
2 2 

 sec 5 cos 40 

(iii) 2 2 sin 10°   – 2 sin 35 
 2 sin 5  
 2 sin 5º cos 5º sec 5º 2 sin 5º cos 5º cos 40 º 

= 2 2   – 2 sin 35 º sin10 º 
 2 sin 5º 
= 2 2 (sin5º + 2cos45º + cos 35º – cos 25º + cos 45º)

= 2 2 (sin5º + 2cos45º + 2sin 30º sin (– 5º))
= 2 2 ( 2) = 4
cos 70 cos 70 º 4 cos 70 º sin 70 º
(iv) cot 70° + 4 cos 70° =  4 cos 70 º 
sin 70 sin 70 º
cos 70 º 2 sin140 º
=
sin 70 º
(cos 70 º  sin140 º )  sin 140 º (sin 20 º  sin140 º )  sin140 º
= 
sin 70 º sin 70 º

2 sin 80 º cos 60 º  sin140 º 2 sin120 º cos 20 º
= 
sin 70º sin 70 º
3
=2×  3
2
(v) tan 10º – tan 50º + tan 70º
= tan 10º – tan (60º – 10º) + tan (60º + 10º)
3  tan10º 3 – tan10º
= tan 10º – 
1 – 3 tan10º 1  3 tan10º
9 tan 10 º–3 tan 3 10 º

=
1 – 3 tan 2 10 º
 3 tan10º– tan3 10º 


= 3
 = 3 tan 30º
2 
 1 – 3 tan 10º 
= 3
1 1 1
11.  A 1A 2 = A 1A 3 + A 1A 4
 OA1 = OA2 = OA3 = OA4 = r (say)
2 4 6
 A1OA2 = ,  A1OA3 = ,  A1OA4 =
n n n
1 1 1
 = +
 2 3
sin sin sin
n n n
2  3  3 
 sin
n sin n  sin n  = sin n . sin n
 
2 2 cos 2 . sin   3 
 sin  = sin sin
n  n n  n n
2 2 3
 2 sin cos = sin
n n n
4 3 4 3
 sin = sin  =–
n n n n
 4 = n – 3  n=7
13. Pn – Pn–2 = cos n + sinn – cos n–2 – sinn–2 
= cos n–2 (cos 2 – 1) +sinn–2 (sin2 – 1)
= cos n–2 (–sin2 ) +sinn–2 (– cos 2 )
= (–sin2 cos 2 ) {cos n–4 +sinn–4 }
= (–sin2 cos 2 ) Pn–4
put n=4
 P4 – P2 = (– sin2 cos 2) P0
 P4 = P2 – 2 sin2 cos 2
= 1 – 2 sin2 cos 2
similarly we can prove the other result also.
15. tan2 + 2 tan . tan 2 = tan2 + 2 tan  . tan 2
 1 1 
 (tan2 – tan2) + 4 tan  tan   2
 2
 =0

 1  tan  1  tan  
(tan 2   tan 2  )
2 2
 (tan  – tan ) + 4 tan  tan  =0
(1  tan 2  )(1  tan 2 )
 4 tan  tan  
 (tan2 – tan2) 1  2 2  =0
 (1  tan  )(1  tan ) 
 (tan2 – tan2) (1 – tan 2 . tan 2) = 0
 tan2 = tan2 or tan 2 . tan 2 = 1
1
L.H.S. = tan2+ 2 tan  .
tan 2
2 tan 
= tan2 + . (1 – tan2) = 1
2 tan 
1
R.H.S. = tan2 + 2 tan  .
tan 2
2 tan 
= tan2 + . (1 – tan2) = 1
2 tan 
19. 13  18 tan x = 6 tan x  3 ................(1)
2 1
 13 – 18 tanx = 36 tan2x + 9 – 36 tanx  tanx = , 
3 6
2 2
Put in (1)  tanx = is correct  x = n + tan–1
3 3
= n +  = ,  + , – + , –2 +  in (–2, 2)
3
22. tan  + sin  = ...(1)
2
7
As tan2  + cos2  =
4
2
3  7 9 7
   sin   + cos2  =  + sin2  – 3 sin  + cos2  =
 2  4 4 4
3 1 
 = 3 sin   sin  =   = n + (–1)n
2 2 6
3 3 1 
from (1), tan  = – sin  =  = 1   = n + .
2 2 2 4
23. a cos 2 + b sin 2 = c

a 1 t2
  + b2t 
 =c where t = tan 
1 t 2
1 t2
2b c–a
 (c + a)t2 – 2bt + (c – a) = 0  t1 + t2 = ,tt =
c a 1 2 ca
1  cos 2  1  cos 2 1
 cos2  + cos2  = = 1 + [cos 2 + cos 2]
2 2
1  1  t 12 1  t 22 
= 1+ 2 2
 2
1  t1 1  t 2 
simplifying and using values for t1, t2 we get
ac a 2  b 2  ac
cos2  + cos2  = 1 + = .
a2  b2 a2  b2

27. RHS = 3x 2 + 2x + 3
4(3)(3)  4 8
Minimum value = = >2
4(3) 3
whereas LHS  2  no solution.
PART - II
2. For dodecagon
2
A 'OB' = = 30° o
12
  OA 'B' =  OB 'A' = 75° R
R
R 3 –1 A B
 =
sin 75 sin 30
( 3 – 1) ( 3  1)
 R= 1  R= 2
2 2
2
2
For hexagon  AOB = = 60°
6
  AOB is equilatecal  AB = R = 2
6. A+B+C=
 C
sin A  
 2 k
C =
sin 1
2
 C C
sin  A   – sin
 2  2 k –1
=
 C C k 1
sin  A    sin
 2  2
 A C  A
2 cos   sin  
 2  2 k –1 B A k –1
 =  tan tan =
A C A k 1 2 2 k 1
2 sin   cos  
 2  2
 x
8. 4 cos 2  –  + 4 sin 4 x  4 sin 2 x cos 2 x
4 2
 x  x
= 4 cos 2  –  + | 2 sinx | = 4 cos 2  –  – 2 sinx
 4 2  4 2
  
= 2 1  cos  – x   – 2 sinx = 2
 2 
cos A cos B cos C

10.  cos A cos ecB cos ecC = sin B sin C + sin A sin C + sin A sin B
cos A sin A  cos B sin B  cos C sin C

=
sin A sin B sin C
sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C 4 sin A sin B sin C
= = (using conditional identity)
2 sin A sin B sin C 2 sin A sin B sin C
=2
(cos 6 x  cos 4 x )  5 (cos 4 x  cos 2x )  10 (cos 2x  1)

13.
cos 5 x  5 cos 3 x  10 cos x
2 cos 5 x cos x  5  2 cos 3 x cos x  10  2 cos 2 x

=
cos 5 x  5 cos 3 x  10 cos x
cos 5x  5 cos 3x  10 cos x

= 2 cos x
cos 5x  5 cos 3x  10 cos x
= 2 cos x
cos 3
15. = 4 cos 2 – 3 = 2 (1 + cos 2) – 3
cos 
= 2 cos2 – 1 = 2 cos ( – ) – 1
(cos 2  + sin2 ) + (cos 2  + sin2 ) + 2 cos ( – ) = a2 + b2
cos 3
2 cos ( – ) = a2 + b2 – 2  = a2 + b2 – 3
cos 
20. sin 3 = 4 sin  sin 2 sin 4
 sin 3 = (2 sin ) (2 sin 2 sin 4)  3 sin  – 4 sin3  = 2 sin  (cos 2 – cos 6)
 3 – 4 sin2  = 2(cos 2 – cos 6) or sin  = 0
1
 3 – 2(1 – cos 2) = 2 cos 2 – 2 cos 6or sin  = 0  1 = –2 cos 6  cos 6 = or sin  = 0
2
 2 
1 2n    n 
 sin  = 0 or cos 6 =   = n or  =  3  = 
2 6 3 9
   2  
  = 0, , ,  ,  , 
9 3 9 3 9 9
So eight solutions.
22. 2 cos x = 2  2 sin 2 x
1
 2 cos x  1  sin 2x = sin x  cos x  cos x  (sin x  cos x )
2
 
 cosx = sin x  
 4 
 see from graph or we can put values given in options to verify..
25. 2 tan2 x – 5 sec x – 1 = 0  2(sec2 x – 1) – 5 sec x – 1 = 0

6 1 1
 2 sec2 x – 5 sec x – 3 = 0  sec x = , = 3,
2 2 2
  1
 sec x = 3  sec x  
 2 
1  15  
 cos x =  7 solutions in 0,  n = 15.
3  2 
28. 4cos 3x – 4cos 2x + cos x – 1 = 0

(4 cos 2x + 1) (cos x – 1) = 0
 cos x = 1
x = 2n
solutions in the interval [0, 315] are 0, 2 , 4 , ....., 100
0  2  4  ....  100 
 arithmatic mean = = 50
51
29. h= {cos 2  cos 2  2 cos (   )} 2  {sin 2  sin 2  2 sin (  )} 2

 h = [4 cos 2 ( + ) (cos ( – ) + 1)2 + 4 sin2 ( + ) (cos ( – ) + 1)2 ]1/2
 h = [4{cos ( –  ) + 1}2 {cos 2 ( + ) + sin2 ( + )}]1/2
 –
 h = 2 (1 + cos ( – ))  h = 2 × 2 cos 2  
 2 
 –
 h = 4 cos 2  
 2 
2b
32. y = a cos 2 x + 2b sin x cos x + c sin2 x & tan x =
ac
z = a sin2 x – 2b sin x cos x + c cos 2 x
 y+z=a+c
and y – z = (a – c) cos2 x  sin2 x + 4b sin x cos x
 
= (a – c) cos 2x + 2b sin 2x ( 2b = (a – c) tan x)
 sin x 
= (a – c) [cos 2x + tan x.sin2x] = (a – c) 2 cos 2x  sin 2x 
 cos x 
(a  c ) cos(2x  x )
= = (a – c).
cos x
n n
  A B  A  B    A B  A B 
 2 cos 2  . cos  2    2 sin 2  . cos  2  
         
33.   +  

 2 cos  A  B   A  B   A  B   A  B 
. sin    2 sin  . sin 
  2   2     2   2  
 A B   A B 
= cotn   + (–1)n cotn  
 2   2 

34. sin6x + cos 6x = a2
 (sin2 x + cos 2 x) (sin4 x + cos 4 x – sin2 x cos 2 x) = a2
 (sin2 x + cos 2 x)2 – 3sin2 x cos 2 x = a2  1 – 3 sin2 x cos 2 x = a2
3 4 (1 – a 2 )
 1– sin2 2x = a2  = sin2 2x
4 3
4
 0 (1 – a2)  1
3
1 – a2  0 and 4 – 4a2 3
1
a2 1 and  a2
4
1 1
– 1 a 1 and a  or a –
2 2
 1 1 
a   – 1,–    ,1
 2 2 
38. cos 15x = sin 5x
   3 
cos 15x = cos   5 x  or cos   5x 
 2   2 
   3 
15x = 2n ±   5 x  or 15x = 2n ±   5x 
2   2 
n  n 3
 x= + ,n, x= + , n 
10 40 5 20
n  n 3
and x = – ,n and x = – , n 
5 20 10 40
40. sin2 x + 2 sin x cos x – 3 cos2 x = 0
case-I : cos x  0  tan2 x + 2 tan x – 3 = 0

 tan x = 3, 1  x = n + tan–1 (–3), n +
4
case-II : cos x = 0  1 + 0 – 0 = 0 not true.
EXERCISE # 3
3. (A) sin2 + 3 cos  = 3  1 – cos2 + 3cos = 3
 cos2 – 3cos + 2 = 0  cos = 1, 2
 cos = 1 ( cos  2)
  = 0 in [–, ]
 No. of solution = 1
sin 4 x
(B) sin x . tan 4x = cos x  sin x.
 cos x
cos 4 x
 sin4x sinx – cos4x cosx = 0  cos5x = 0
 5x = (2n + 1) /2  x = (2n + 1) /10
 3 5 7 9
 x= , , , , in (0, )
10 10 10 10 10 y
y=2
x
So there are five solutions.

2
(C) (1 – tan2 ) sec2 + 2 tan 
=0
x
O 3
2
tan  y = x2 –1
 (1 – tan4 ) + 2 =0
 (1 – x ) + 2 = 0 where x = tan2
2 x

 2x = x2 – 1  x = 3
   
 tan2 = 3  tan    3   in   , 
3  2 2
 Number of solutions = 2
(D) [sin x] + [ 2 cosx] = – 3
 [sin x] = – 1 and [ 2 cosx] = – 2   < x < 2 and –2  2 cos x  1
1 1
 –2  cos x    –1  cos x  
2 2
5 5
 x for x  [0, 2] x , x  [0, 2]
4 4
5 5
 x  2  2 x 
4 2
 0 < sin 2x < 1  [sin2x] = 0
4. (A)
Number of solutions = 6
2 8
(B) sin x = =1± 2
2
 sin x = 1 – 2
As sin x takes at least four values
in [0, n]  n4
(C) 1 + sin4 x = cos2 3x
L.H.S.  1 and R.H.S.  1
 L.H.S. = R.H.S. = 1  sin4 x = 0 and cos2 3x = 1
 x = n and 3x = m
 x = n and 3x = m
m
 x = n and x =
3
 x = n
  5 5 
 x = –2, –, 0, , 2 in  ,
 2 2 
 Number of solutions = 5.
(D) A, B, C are in A.P.  B = 60º
1
As sin (2A + B) =  2A + B = 30º or 150º
2
 2A = –30º or 90º  2A = 90º  A = 45º
5
 C = 180º – A – B = 75º =  p = 12.
12
Comprehension # 1 (5, 6, 7)
   
5. Given cos  + cos  = a  2cos   cos   = a ..... (i)
 2   2 
and sin  + sin  = b
   
 2 sin   cos   = b ..... (ii)
 2   2 
by (i) & (ii)
  b b
tan   =  tan  =
 2  a a
 sin2 + cos2
b b2
2  1 
a a2
= 2 +
b b2
1 2 1 2
a a
2ab a2  b2
= +
a2  b2 a2  b2
a 2  b 2  2b 2  2ab
=
a2  b2
2b (a  b )
=1+
a2  b2
 n=2
6. sinn A = x
 sin2 A = x
 sin A sin 2A sin 3A sin 4A
= sin A (2 sin A cos A) (3 sin A – 4 sin3 A) (4 sin A cos A (1 – 2 sin2 A))
= 8 sin4 A (1 – sin2 A) (1 – 2 sin2 A) (3 – 4 sin2 A)
If we put sin2 A = x, then given expression is a polynomial of degree 5 in x.
7. If p = 5
 sin x + (p – 5), cos x, tan x
 sin x, cos x, tan x are in G.P.
 cos2 x = sin x tan x
cos3 x = sin2 x
 cos3 x = 1 – cos2 x
 cos3 x + cos2 x = 1
taking cube both sides
 cos9 x + cos6 x + 3 cos5 x = 1
 cos9 x + cos6 x + 3 cos5 x – 1 = 0
Comprehension # 4
7 7
14. sin6x + cos 6x <  1 – 3sin2x cos 2x <
16 16
3 3
 sin2x cos2x >  sin22x >
16 4
1 cos 4 x 3 3
 >  1 – cos4x >
2 4 2
1  2 4  
 cos4x <   Principal is value 4x   , 
2  3 3 
 General value is
 2 4 
4 x   2n  , 2n  
 3 3 
 n   n  
 x  ,   , n 
 2 6 2 3
15. cos 2x + 5 cos x + 3  0
 2cos 2x + 5cosx + 2  0  (cosx + 2)(2 cosx + 1)  0
 2cosx + 1  0 (  cosx + 2 > 0)
1  2  2 
 cosx    x   ,
2  3 3 
 
16. 2 sin2  x   + 3 cos 2x  0
 4 
 
 1 – cos  2x  2  + 3 cos 2x  0
 
3 1 1
 3 cos 2 x  sin 2 x   1  cos 2x  sin 2x  
2 2 2
  1    7 
 sin 2x      2x +  2n  , 2n 
 3  2 3  6 6 
  5    5 
 2x  2n  , 2n   x  n  , n 
 2 6   4 12 
 – 7    5   3 
 x   – ,
12    – 4 , 12    4 ,  in  , 
     
19. Statement-1 :  cos A cosec B cosec C

cos A sin A cos A  sin 2A
=  =  =
sin B sin C sin A sin B sin C 2 sin A sin B sin C
4 sin A sin B sin C
= =2
2 sin A sin B sin C
Statement-2 :  tan A tan B = 1 iff the triangle ABC is right angled  Statment is false
tan  tan  1  3 tan 2 

20. y= =  y=
tan 3 3 tan   tan3  3  tan 2 
2
1  3 tan 
3y  1  1
 tan2 = y  3  0 y    ,   (3, )

 3
 statement-1 and statement-2 both are true and statement-2 explains statement-1
22. cos x . sin y = 1

 Either cosx = 1 and siny = 1 or cosx = –1 and siny = –1
    5     5   3   3 
 (x,y) =  0,  ,  0,  ,  2,  ,  2,  or (x, y) =  ,  ,  3 , 
 2  2   2  2   2   2 
 Number of pairs = 6
24. log2 [cos2 (  )  cos2 (  )  cos 2 cos 2]
= log2 [cos2 (  )  1  sin2 (  )  cos 2 cos 2]

= log2 [1 + cos 2.cos2 – cos 2 cos 2]
= log2 1
=0

sin 3 1
30. =  2(3 sin  – 4 sin3 ) = 2(1 – 2 sin2 ) + 1
2 cos 2  1 2
 8 sin3  – 6 sin  – 4 sin2  + 3 = 0  (2 sin  – 1)(4 sin2  – 3) = 0
1 3
 sin  = ,±
2 2
3
For sin  = ± , 2 cos 2 + 1 = 0 so given equation
2
1 
becomes undefined  sin  = only  = n +(–1)n , n  .
2 6
1 1
32. sin x . 8 cos 2 x = 1  sin x.|cos x| =  2 sin x |cos x| = .
8 2
 1 
33.  cos 2 x   1  tan2 2y (3 + sin 3z) = 4
 
 cos 2 x 
1
 cos2 x + = 2, 1 + tan2 2y = 1, 3 + sin 3z = 2
cos 2 x
 cos2 x = 1, tan2 2y = 0, sin 3z = –1  x = n, n  I.
36. cos 20° + 2 sin2 55° – 2 sin 65°

= cos 20° + 1 – cos 110° – 2 sin 65°
= 1 + 2 sin 65° sin 45° – 2 sin 65°
1
= 1 + 2 sin 65° – 2 sin 65° = 1
2
3 sin   sin 3 3 cos   cos 3  

41. + = 4 2 cos    
1  cos  1  sin   4
4 sin3  4 cos3  sin3  cos 3 

 + = 4(cos  – sin )  + sin  = cos  –
1  cos  1  sin  1  cos  1  sin 
sin 3   sin   sin  cos  cos   cos  sin   cos 3 

 =
1  cos  1  sin 
sin  sin 2   1  cos 

 cos  sin 2   sin  cos 

 =
1  cos  1  sin 
sin  sin 2   cos   1

 
 sin  cos  (  sin   1) sin 2   cos   1
 =  either sin  = 0 or = – cos 
1  cos  1  sin  1  cos 
  = n or sin2  + cos  + 1 = –cos  – cos2  cos  = –1
  = n   = 2n or (2n + 1)
But at  = (2n + 1) , 1 + cos  = 0   (2n + 1)   = 2x.
42. 6  cos x  7 sin 2 x + cos x = 0  6  cos x  7  7 cos 2 x + cos x = 0
 7 cos 2 x  cos x  1 + cos x = 0  7 cos 2 x  cos x  1 = – cos x

(so cos x  0)
 7 cos2 x – cos x – 1 = cos2 x  6 cos2 x – cos x – 1 = 0
1 1
 (2 cos x – 1) (3 cos x + 1) = 0  cos x = ,
2 3

1
But cos x  0  cos x =
3
1
 cos x = – cos  where cos  =  cos x = cos( – )  x = 2n ± ( – ).
3
43. x3 + x2 + 4x + 2 sin x = 0
 x3 + x2 + 4x = –2 sin x ...(1)
when x = 0, 0 = 0  x = 0 is the solution
when x  [0, ), x3 + x2 + 4x > 0 where as – 2sin x < 0
 no solution for x (0, )
when x  [, 2], x3 + x2 + 4x 3 + 2 + 4 > 2
whereas 0  –2 sin x  2
 no solution for [, 2]
so given equation has only one solution in [0, 2] and that solution is x = 0.
EXERCISE # 4
PART - I
1. Clearly  = 30º and   (60º, 90º)
Hence  +  lies in (90º, 120º).
2. Let y = 2 sin t
1  2x  5 x 2
y=
3 x 2  2x  1
(3y – 5) x 2 – 2x (y – 1) – (y + 1) = 0
 1
x  R – 1,  
 3 
 D0  y2 – y – 1  0
1 5 1 5
 y or y
2 2
1 5 1 5
 sin t  or sin t 
4 4
    3  
 range of t is   ,     , 
 2 10   10 2 
BD
3. O1BD, O D = cot 30º
1
 BD = 3 similarly EC = 3
 BC = AB = AC = 2 + 2 3
3 3
area of ABC = ( 2  2 3 )2 = (1  3  2 3 ) 4 = 6 + 4 3 sq. unit
4 4
4.
 –  = 0, – 2 or 2
1
–=0  =  cos 2 =
e
This is true for '4' value of '', ''
If  –  = – 2   = –  and  =  and cos ( + ) = 1  (No solution)
similarly if  –  = 2   =  and  =  again no solution results
 
5.   0, 
 4
 
 tan   in    0,  and 0 < tan  < 1
 4
 
cot   in    0,  and cot  > 1
 4
Let tan  = 1 –  1 and cot  = 1 +  2 where  1 and  2 are very small and positive, then
1 
t1 = (1  1 )1 1 , t2 = (1  1 )1  2 , t3 = (1   2 ) 1 , t4 = (1   2 )(1  2 )
 t4 > t3 > t1 > t2
6. 2sin2 – 5sin + 2 > 0 y
 (sin – 2)(2sin –1) > 0

1 1/2
 sin < [ –1  sin   1 ]
2
O
From graph, we get    0,     5 , 2 
 6  6 
7. 2sin2 – cos2 = 0 ............(i)

1
 sin = 
2
2cos2 – 3sin = 0 ............(ii)
–2sin2 – 3sin + 2 = 0
1
sin = , –2
2
1
So sin = is the only solution
2
 5
at  = ,
6 6
sin4 x cos 4 x 1
8.* + =
2 3 5
sin4 x (1  sin 2 x )2 1 sin4 x 1  sin 4 x  2 sin2 x 1

 + =  + =
2 3 5 2 3 5
6
 5 sin4x – 4 sin2x + 2 =  25 sin4x – 20 sin2x + 4 = 0
5
2 3
 (5 sin2x – 2)2 = 0  sin2x = , cos2x =
5 5
2 sin 8 x cos 8 x 1
 tan2x = and + =
3 8 27 125
1 1 2
9. f() = = =
sin   3 sin  cos   5 cos 2 
2 1  cos 2 3
 sin 2 
5(1  cos 2) 6  3 sin 2  4 cos 2
2 2 2
2
 f()max = =2
65
1 1 1
10. – =
 3 2
sin sin sin
n n n
2 
2 cos sin 1
n n
 3 = sin 2
sin sin n
n n
4 3
sin = sin
n n
4 3
= (–1)k + k , k 
n n

If k = 2m  = 2m
n
1
= 2m , not possible
n
7
If k = 2m + 1  = (2m + 1)  n = 7, m = 0
n
11. tan = cot 5

sin  cos 5
 =  cos 6= 0
cos  sin 5
 
 6 = (2n + 1)   = (2n + 1) ; n
2 12
5     5
 = – ,– , – , , , .........(1)
12 4 12 12 4 12
sin2 = cos4
 sin2 = 1 – 2 sin2 2  2sin22 + sin2– 1 = 0
1  
 sin2 = – 1,  2= (4m – 1) , p + (–1)p
2 2 6
 p 
 = (4m – 1) , + (–1)p ; m, p  I
4 2 12
  5
 = – , , ...........(2)
4 12 12
From (1) & (2)
   5 
 – 4 , 12 , 12 
 
Number of solution is 3.
12. P = {: sin  – cos = 2 cos }

sin = ( 2 + 1) cos  tan = 2 +1
3
 = n+ ; n I
8
Q = {: sin + cos = 2 sin }  cos = ( 2 – 1) sin 
1 3
 tan  = = 2 +1  = n+ ; n I
2 –1 8
 P=Q
3
13. As tan(2 – ) > 0, – 1 < sin < – ,  [0, 2]
2
3 5
 <<
2 3
Now 2cos(1 – sin) = sin2( tan /2 + cot /2)cos – 1
 2cos(1 – sin) = 2sin cos – 1  2cos + 1 = 2sin( + )
 3  5 
As   ,   2cos + 1  (1, 2)  1 < 2sin( + ) < 2
 2 3 
1
 < sin( + ) < 1
2
  5   13  17  
As  +  [0, 4]   +   ,  or  +   , 
6 6   6 6 
 5 13 17
 –<< –  or –<< –
6 6 6 6
 3  – 2   2 7     3 5  
   – ,  ,      ,  
 2 3   3 6    2 3 
 correct option is (A, C, D)
PART - II
1. u= a 2 cos 2   b 2 sin 2  + a 2 sin 2   b 2 cos 2 
 u2 = a2 cos 2  + b2 sin2  + a2 sin2  + b2 cos 2  + 2 a 2 cos 2   b 2 sin 2  × a 2 sin 2   b 2 cos 2 
 u2 = (a2 + b2) + 2 2
a  b 2
– a 2 sin 2  a 2  b 2  a 2 cos 2 
2
 u2 = a 2  b 2 + 2 a 4  a 2 b 2  a 2  b 2  a 2
      sin 2
 cos 2 
2
2 2
 b2  a2 
 2

u = a b 2 2
 + 2 a b    sin2 2 .
2 
 
 min(u2) = a2 + b2 + 2ab = a  b 2
and max(u2) = a2 + b2 + a 2  b 2 = 2 a 2  b 2
   
Now, max(u2) – min(u2) = (a – b)2
21 27
2. sin  + sin  = – and cos  + cos  = –
65 65
squaring and adding, we get
sin2  + sin2 + 2 sin sin  + cos2  + cos2  + 2 cos  . cos 
2 2
 21   27 
= –  + – 
 65   65 
1170
 2 + 2 cos ( – ) =
4225
 – 1170 9
 cos2   = =
 2  4  4225 130
 – –3   – 3
 cos   = (  <  –  < 3  <   < )
 2  130 2  2  2

P Q
3.  tan and tan are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
2 2
P Q b P Q c
 tan + tan = – and tan tan =
2 2 a 2 2 a
P Q R 
+ + = ( P + Q + R = )
2 2 2 2
PQ  R
 = –
2 2 2
PQ  
 = ( R = )
2 4 2
P Q
PQ tan
 tan
2 2 – b/a
 tan   =1  =1  =1  c=a+b
 2  P Q 1– c / a
1 – tan . tan
2 2
1
4. cos x + sin x =
2
1 – tan 2 x / 2 2 tan x / 2 1 x
 2 + 2 = , Let tan =t
1  tan x / 2 1  tan x / 2 2 2
1– t2 2t 1 2 7
2 + 2 = 3t2 – 4t – 1 = 0  t =
1 t 1 t 2 3
x  x
as 0 < x <   0 < < tan is positive
2 2 2
x 2 7
 t = tan =
2 3
2 7 
2 
2 tan x / 2 2t  3  4 7 
   
Now tan x = 2 = 2  tan x = 2 = – 3 
1 – tan x / 2 1– t 2 7   
1–  
 3 
 
5. Given equation is 2 sin2 x + 5 sin x – 3 = 0
 (2 sin x – 1) (sin x + 3) = 0
1
 sin x = ( sin x  –3)
2
It is clear from figure that the curve intersect the line at four points in the given interval.
Hence, number of solutions are 4.
x x
1  tan 2 2 tan
1 2 2 1
6. Given, cos x + sin x =  2 x + 2 x =
2 1  tan 1  tan 2
2 2
x 1 t2 2t 1
Let tan =t  2 + 2 =
2 1 t 1 t 2
2 7
 3t2 – 4t – 1 = 0  t=
3
x  x
As 0 < x <   0 < <  tan is positive.
2 2 2
x 2 7
 t = tan =
2 3
x 2 7 
2 tan 2 
22t  3 
 
Now, tan x = x =  tan x = 2
1  tan 1 t2
2
2 7 
2 1  
 3 
 
 tan x = –

3 2 7  × 1 2 7

4 7 
 
tan x = –  3  .
1 2 7 1 2 7  
7. 2{cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) + cos ( – )} + 3 = 0

(cos  + cos  + cos )2 + (sin  + sin  + sin )2 = 0
 cos  = 0 =  sin 
3 5
tan(   )  tan(   ) 
8. tan 2 = tan (( + ) + ( – )) = = 4 12 = (9  5)4 = 14  4 = 56
1  tan(  ) tan(   ) 3 5 48  15 33 33
1 .
4 12
Hence correct option is (1)
9. A = sin2x + cos4x
= sin2x + (1 – sin2 x)2
= sin4x – sin2x + 1
2
 2 1 3
=  sin x –  +
 2 4
3
= A 1
4
10. 3sin P + 4 cos Q = 6 ...(i)

4 sin Q + 3cos P = 1 ...(ii)
1
Squaring and adding (i) & (ii) we get sin (P + Q) =
2
 5 5 
 P+Q= or  R= or
6 6 6 6
5 
If R = then 0 < P, Q <
6 6
1 11
 cos Q < 1 and sin P <  3 sinP + 4 cosQ <
2 2

So R =
6

Fundamentals of mathematics - II
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) :
1
n
A-5. logp logp (p) p
n
 1
= logp   = –logp pn = –n
p
independent of p.
log 3 135 log 3 5
A-7*. N = log 3 – log 3
15 405
= log3 27  log3 5  log3 15  – log3 5.log3 405

= 3  log3 5  1  log 3 5  – log35 log3(81 × 5)
= (3 + log3 5) (1 + log3 5) – log3 5(4 + log3 5)
= 3.
A-8*. log23 > 1, log1210 < 1  log23 > log1210

log65 < 1, log78 > 1  log65 < log78
log326 < 3, log29 > 3  log326 < log29
log1615 < 1, log1011 > 1  log1615 < log1011
Section (B) :
B-4*. (log5x)2 + log5x 5 = 1
x
log5 5 log5 x
 (log5x)2 + log5x5 – log5xx = 1  (log5 x)2 + log 5  log x – log 5  log x = 1
5 5 5 5
1 log 5 x
 (log5x)2 + 1  log x – 1  log x = 1 Let log5x = t
5 5
1 t t 2 (1  t )  1  t
 t2 + – =1  =1
1 t 1 t 1 t
 t3 + t2 + 1 – t = 1 + t
t3 + t2 – 2t = 0
t(t2 + t – 2) = 0
t(t – 1) (t + 2) = 0
t = 0, 1, – 2  log5x = 0, 1, –2
1
 x = 1, 5,
25
 2 9  9
B-6*.
x
 log3 x   2 log3 x  5 
  =3 3  log3 x 3 –
2
log3 x + 5 = logx 3 3
9 3
 log3 x 2 –
2
log3 x + 5 =
2
logx 3 Let log3 x = t
9 3
 t2 –
t+5=  2t3 – 9t2 + 10t – 3 = 0
2 2t
t = 1 satisfies it
2t3 – 9t2 + 10t – 3 = 2t2(t – 1) – 7t(t – 1) + 3(t – 1)
= (t – 1) 2t 2  7t  3
 
= (t – 1) (2t – 1) (t – 3)
1
 t=1 t= t=3
2
1
 log3 x = 1 log3 x = log3 x = 3
2
 x=3 x = 31/2 x = 27.
B-9. Number of digits in integral part = number of digit in 6012 before decimal
P = 6012
logP = log 6012 = 12 log 60 = 12[log 6 + 1] = 12 [log 2 + log 3 + 1]
= 12 [.3030 + .4771 + 1] = 12 [1.7801] = 21.3612
number of digits in integral part = 22
3
B-10. log16 x =
4
 x = 163/4  x = 8.
Section (C) :
C-3. log1 – x (x – 2)  1
x > 2 ..................(1)
(i) When 0 < 1 –x < 1  0<x<1
So no common range comes out.
(ii) When 1 – x > 1  x < 0 but x > 2
here, also no common range comes out. , hence no solution.
Finally, no solution
( x  8)(2  x )
C-6. 0
 10 
log0.3  (log2 5  1) 
 7 
For ( x  8 )( 2  x ) to be defined
(i) (x – 8) (2 – x)  0
(x – 2) (x – 8)  0  2x8
10 10
Now Let say y = log0.3 (log25 – log22) = log0.3 (log25/2)
7 7
Let y<0 (assume)
10
then log0.3 (log2 5/2) < 0
7
10 7 5
 log2 5/2 > 1  log2 5/2 >  > 2(7/10) which is true
7 10 2
So y<0
so denominator is – ve and numerator is +ve, so inequality is not satisfied,
thus ( x  8 )( 2  x ) = 0
x = 2, 8 .....(i)
Now 2x – 3 > 31
 (x – 3) > log2 31  x > 3 + log224.9 (approx) x > 7.9
 x=8
C-8. Domain x 2 + 4x – 5  0
 x (– , – 5] [1, )
Case I :x (– , – 5] [1, 3)
– ve < + ve alsways true
 x (– , – 5] [1, 3) ... (1)
Case II :
x [3, ) .. (i)

x–3< x 2  4x – 5
7
 x 2 – 6x + 9 < x 2 + 4x – 5  x> ... (ii)
5
(i) (ii) x [3, ) ... (2)
(1) (2) x (– , – 5]  [1, ) Ans. (A)
Section (D) :
  1     1   2
D-3. z= (1  i)4   = (1  i)4
4  (   i) (1   i)  4 i
 (1  i)4  4ei i / 2
=  = 2 e
2 i 2 e i / 2

|z| = 2 amp (z) =
2
 | z |  2
   =4 (D)
 amp ( z )  
2
D-6*. |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2
z1 z
z1z 2  z1z 2  0  – 1
z2 z2
z1  z1  z1
   0  is purely imaginary
z 2  z 2  z2
z   
so amp  1  is may be or –
 z2  2 2
D-8.
D-9. z1/3 = a – ib
z = (a – ib)3
x + iy = (a3 – 3ab2) + i(b3 – 3a2b)
x y
  a 2 – 3b2 = b2 – 3a2
a b
x y
– = 4(a2 – b2) k=4
a b
EXERCISE # 2
1/ 3
 
 
 log5 7 1 
1. (i) 5   = (7 + 1)1/3 = 2
   1  
 log10   
  0.1   
 
1/ 2
(ii) log3/4 log2 8 1/ 2
  = log3/4 log2 (2)3/4 = 1
1 log72
 1  log7 7  log7 2
14
2 log 1
& 5 1/ 5 = 5log5 7 = 7
2  log 7
(iii)   = (7 ) = (7 ) 7 = 7log7 (14 )2 =
 49  196
1
 7+
196
(iv) log 7 log 7
7log3 5 + 3 5 – 5 3 – 7log5 3
= 7log3 5 + 3log5 7 – 7log3 5 – 3log5 7
{using property alogc b = b logc a }
=0
5. (i) log10 (x 2 – 12x + 36) = 2
(i) x 2 – 12x + 36 > 0  (x – 6)2 > 0
 x  R – {6}
(ii) x 2 – 12x + 36 = 100  x 2 – 12x – 64 = 0
 (x – 16) (x + 4) = 0  x = 16, –4.
(ii) log4 log3 log2 x = 0
 log3 log2 x = 1  log2 x = 3
 x = 23  x = 8.
 1  1
(iii) log 3  log 9 x   9 x  = 2x  log9 x + + 9x = 32x
 2  2
1 1
 log9 x + + 9x = 9x  log9 x = –
2 2
1
 x = 9–1/2  x=
3
(iv) 2 log4 (4 – x) = 4 – log2 (–2 – x)
(i) 4–x>0  x<4
(ii) –2 – x > 0  x < –2
(iii) log2 (4 – x) = 4 – log2 (–2 – x)  log2 (4 – x) (–2 – x) = 4
 (4 – x) (–2 – x) = 16  –8 – 2x + x 2 = 16
 x 2 – 2x – 24 = 0  (x – 6) (x + 4) = 0
x = 6 (not possible) , x = –4.
(v) log 102 x + log10x 2 = log 102 2  1
log 102 x + 2 log10x + 1 = log 102 2  (log10 x + 1)2 = log102 2

log10x + 1 = ± log10 2
1 1
x= and
20 5
1
(vi) log4(log2 x) + log2(log4 x) = 2  log2 (log2 x) + log2 (log4 x) = 2
2
1
 log2 (2 log4x) + log2 (log4x) = 2
2
1 1
 log2 2 + log2 (log4 x) + log2 (log4 x) = 2
2 2
3 3
 log2(log4 x) =  log2 (log4 x) = 1
2 2
 log4 x = 2  x = 42  x = 16.
log x 5
(vii) 3 = 10 5 log x
x
 log x  5 
  log x = 5 + log x
 3 
log2 x + 2 log x – 15 = 0
(log x + 5)(log x – 3) = 0
log x = –5, log x = 3
x = 10–5 , x = 103.
(viii) Domain x – 1 > 0 and x + 1 > 0 and y – x > 0
x>1 x>–1 x<7
 x  (1, 7) .........(i)
– log2 (x – 1) – log2 (x + 1) = 1 + log 
1 (7  x )
2 2
– log2 (x 2 – 1) + log2 (7 – x)2 = 1

(7  x ) 2 (7  x ) 2
log2 =1  =2
x2  1 x2  1
 x 2 + 14x – 51 = 0
(x + 17) (x – 3) = 0
x = 3 or x = – 17 (rejected)
x=3
6. (a) log10 2 = 0.3010 . log10 3 = 0.4771
let x = 615
log10 x = 15 log10 6
= 15(log10 2 + log10 3)
= 15(0.3010 + 0.4771)
= 11.6715
 characteristic of 615 is 11  number of digits in 615 is 12.
(b) let x = 3 –100
log10 x = –100 log10 3

= – 47.71
 number of zeroes immediately after the decimal in 3–100 is 47.
10. (i) 4x  6
log 1 0
5
x
4x  6  3
>0  x   – ,    (0,  ) ....(i)
x  2
4x  6 x2
& 1   0
x x
 x (–, – 2] (0, ) ....(ii)
 –3
(i) (ii) x   – 2, 
 2 
(ii) log2 (4x – 2.2x + 17) > 5
4x – 2.2x + 17 > 0
(2x)2 – 2.2x + 17 > 0   x R and 4x – 2.2x + 17 > 32
 (2x)2 – 2.2x – 15 > 0  x x
(2 + 3) (2 – 5) > 0
 2x < – 3 or 2x > 5
 x   or x > log2 5
 x (log2 5, )
(iii) (logx)2 – logx – 2 0
x>0 ....(i)
(log x – 2) (log x +1) 0
 log x  – 1 or log x  2
1
 x or x  100 ....(ii)
10
 1
(i) (ii)  x   0,   100,  
 10 

(iv) log0.5(x + 5)2 > log1/2 (3x – 1)2
(x + 5)2 > 0  x R – {– 5} ........(i)
 1
(3x – 1)2 > 0  x R –   ........(ii)
3 
(x + 5)2 < (3x – 1)2
 8x 2 – 16 x – 24 > 0  x 2 – 2x – 3 > 0
 (x – 3) (x + 1) > 0  x (–, – 1)  (3, ) ........(iii)
(i) (ii) (iii) gives
(–, –5) (–5, –1) (3, )
1
(v) log 2
3 x 2 1
2
3x 2 + 1 > 1  x2 > 0  x R – {0}
2 < (3x 2 + 1)1/2
 3x 2 + 1 > 4  (x – 1) (x + 1) > 0
 x  (–, –1)  (1, )
(vi) logx 2 (x + 2) < 1 x+2>0  x>–2
Case-I : when 0 < x 2 < 1  x  (–1, 0)  (0, 1)
then x + 2 > x 2  x 2 – x – 2 < 0
x  ( 1, 1) – {0}
Case-II : x 2 > 1  |x| > 1
x + 2 < x2  x2 – x – 2 > 0
x  ( 2,  1)  (2,  )
Hence , x  ( 2,  1)  ( 1, 0)  (0, 1)  (2,  )
2x  1
11. (i) <1
x2
Case-I :x – 2 < 0  x<2 ........(i)
2x – 1  (x – 2)2
x  (–, 1)  (5, ) ........(ii)
x  (i)  (ii) x  (–, 1) .......(A)
Case-II : x – 2 > 0  x>2 ........(iii)
2x – 1  (x – 2)2
2x – 1 < x 2 – 4x + 4
x 2 – 6x + 5 > 0
 x  (–, 1)  (5, ) ........(iv)
x  (iii)  (iv)
x  (5, ) .......(B)
x  (A)  (B)
x  (–, 1)  (5, )
(ii) x< 1 | x |
Case-I : x < 0 ......(i)
1 – |x|  0  1+x0  x  – 1 .........(ii)
x  (i)  (ii)  x  [–1, 0) .......(A)
Case-II : x  0 .....(i)
1–x0  x  1 .......(ii)
x2 < 1 – x
1 5
 x2 + x < 1  x2 + x + <
4 4
2
 1 5
 x   <
 2  4
 1 5 5 1
<x< ......(iii)
2 2
 5  1 
x  (i)  (ii)  (iii)  x  0, 2  .......(B)
 
 5  1 
x  (A)  (B)  x   1,
 2 
(iii) x 2  6x  8  x  1
Domain x + 1  0  x  –1
x2 – 6x + 8  0  (x – 2) (x – 4)  0
 x  2 or x  4
 Domain  x  [–1, 2]  [4, )
squaring x2 – 6x + 8  x + 1  x2 – 7x + 7  0
2  7  21 7  21 
 7 21
x   – 0x  2 , 2 

 2 4 
(iv) 8  2 x – x 2 > 6 – 3x
(a) 8 + 2x – x 2  0  x [–2, 4] .... (i)
case - I
when (i) 6 – 3x  0  x 2 ... (ii)
so 8 + 2x – x 2 > 36 + 9x 2 – 36 x
 10x 2 – 38x + 28 < 0
 5x 2 – 19x + 14 < 0
 (5x – 14) (x – 1)< 0
 14 
x  1,  .... (iii)
 5 
by (1) and (2) and (3)
x (1, 2]
Case - 
6 – 3x < 0  x>2
+ ve > –ve
so x>2 .... (iv)
by (1) and (4)
x (2, 4]
so by case (1) and (2) x (1, 4]
(v) x2 – 7x + 10  0 and 14x – 20 – 2x2  0

(x – 2) (x – 5)  0 and (x – 2) (x – 5)  0 ...........(i)
so x = 2 or x = 5
now check for x = 2
 1
9 log4    – 9
4
–9–9
which is true hence x = 2 is a solution
now check x = 5
9 5
log    – 3
2 8
5 2
log2    –
8 3
(1.6)3  4
4.096  4
which is false
so only solution is x = 2

(vi) Domain x > 0
log22x + 2 log2x  0
log2x (log2x + 2)  0
log2x  – 2 or log2x  0
1
0<x or x  1
4
 1
x   0,   [1, ) .......(i)
 4
Case-I 4 – log2x < 0
positive < negative (false)
Case-II 4 – log2x  0  log2x  4
 log22x 2 log2x < 2 (4 – log2x)2
Let log2x = t
t2 + 2t < 2 (4 – t)2
t2 – 18t + 32 > 0
(t – 16) (t – 2) > 0  t < 2  t > 16
log2x < 2  log2x > 16 (Rejected)
log2x < 2
x<4 .........(ii)
by (i) and (ii)
 1
x   0,   [1, 4)
 4
 25  7 25  7 
13. Square root of 7 + 2i = ±  i
2  = ±(4 + 3i)

 2
where |7 + 24 i| = 25
15. (i) z= R
3 – (3 + i)+m + 2i = 0
3 – 3 + m = 0 & –+2=0
 = 2
8 – 6 + m = 0  m=–2
(ii) If one root is i then other is – i
Let forth root is .
3 3
2 =  =
2 4
–a 3 11
= 2 + i + (– i) + =
2 4 4
–11
a=
2
18  9  i 9 9 
i i –i
20. (i) z=1+ e 25 = e 25 e 25  e 25 
 
9
 9  i 25
z = 2 cos   e
 25 
 9  9
|z| = 2 cos   Arg z =
 25  25
(ii) z = 2ei ei / 6  2e–i 5 / 6
5
|z| = 2 Arg z = – .
6
2
 2 
(iii) |z| =  1  tan 1 
 
2
= sec 1
Arg z = 2 Arg(tan 1 – i)
 
= 2 1 –  = 2 – 
 2 
(i – 1)
(iv) z=
      
2 sin   sin   i  cos  
5
    5  5 
2 1  
|z| =  cos ec  

 
2 sin   2 5
5
  11
Arg(z) =  – – =
4 5 20
EXERCISE # 3
PART - I
1. x  1 – x  1 = 4x  1 .....(i)
squaring both sides
(x + 1) + (x – 1) – 2 x 2  1 = 4x – 1
(1 – 2x) = 2 x 2  1 .....(ii)
squaring both sides
1 + 4x 2 – 4x = 4x 2 – 4
5
4x = 5  x= does not satisfy equation (i)
4
 No solution
2. 
2 log2 log2 x + log1/2 log2 2 2 x = 1 
log 2 x 2
log2 (log2 x)2 – log2 log2 2 2 x = 1
  log2
 

log 2 2 2 x  =1
log2 x 2
3
  log 2 x = 2 Let log2 x = y
2
 y2 – 2y – 3 = 0  (y – 3) (y + 1) = 0
 y = 3, –1  log2 x = 3, –1,
but log2 x > 0
 log2 x = – 1 is not possible  x=8
3. (a) z1 = z2 = z3 = 1
z1z1 = z2z2 = z 3 z 3 = 1
1 1 1
Given 1 = z  z  z = z1  z 2  z3 = z1  z 2  z 3 =1
1 2 3
1 = z1  z 2  z 3
(b) –  = arg (z) < 0
arg (–z) =  –   arg (–z) – arg (z) =  –  – (–) = 
Hence (A)

4. log3/4 log8 (x 2 + 7) + log1/2 log1/4 (x 2 + 7) 1 =  2
1 log2 ( x 2  7)
 log3/4 log2 (x 2 + 7) – log2 =2
3 2
let log2 (x 2 + 7) = t
t t t  t 
 log3/4 – log2 +2=0  log3/4 + 1 –  log 2  1 = 0
3 2 3  2 
t t t
 log3/4 = log2  =1  t=4
4 4 4
 log2 (x 2 + 7) = 4
this gives x = ± 3.
1
5. log2(x – 1) = log2 (x – 3)
2
x 1 = x – 3
(x – 1) = x 2 – 6x + 9
x 2 – 7x + 10 = 0
(x – 5) (x – 2) = 0 but x  2
 x=5
1  z1z 2
6. Let 1  |1 – z1 z 2 | < |z2 – z1|
z1  z 2
 (1 – z1 z 2 ) (1 – z1z 2 ) < (z2 – z1) ( z 2  z1 )

 1 + |z1|2 |z2|2 – |z1|2 – |z2|2 < 0  (1 – |z1|2) + (|z1|2 – 1) |z2|2 < 0
 (1 – |z1|2) (1 – |z2|2) < 0
which is true because of |z1| < 1 < |z2| .
7. (2x)n2 = (3y)n3
 n2 n(2x) = n3 n(3y) = n3 (n3 + ny) ......... (1)
also 3nx = 2ny
 nx n3 = ny n2 ......... (2)
 nxn3 
by (1)  n2 n(2x) = n3 (n3 + ny)  n 2 . n (2x) = n3 n3  
  n2 
 n22 n2x = n23 (n2 + nx)  n2 2  n 2 3 (n2x) = 0

 
1
 n2x = 0  x=
2
1 1
8. Let 4– 4– ....... = t
3 2 3 2
1
4– t =t
3 2
1
4– t = t2 
3 2
1
t2 + t – 4 = 0  3 2 t2 + t – 12 2 = 0
3 2
– 1  1  4  3 2  12 2 –1  17
t= =
23 2 23 2
16 –18
t= ,
6 2 6 2
8 –3 –3
t= , and is rejected
3 2 2 2
 1 8  4
so 6 + log3/2    = 6 + log  
3 2 3 2  3/2
9
  2 2 
  
= 6 + log3/2  3  
 
=6–2=4
PART - II
1. Let z = r1 ei and w = r2 ei  z = r1 e–i
i i
Given, |z| = 1  r1e . r2 e = 1
 r1r2 = 1 ...(i)
 
and arg (z) – arg () = –=
2 2
Then, z  r1e i . r2 ei
= r1r2 ei( )
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
z  = 1. e  i  / 2
 
= cos – i sin
2 2
 z  = –i.
x x x x
 1 i   (1  i) (1  i)   (1  i)2  1  1  2 i 
2.   =   =  2  =  
 1 i   (1  i) (1  i)   1  i   2 
x
 1 i 
   = (i)x = 1 (given)
 1 i 
 (i)x = (i)4n ,
where n is any positive integer.  x = 4n.
3. Since , z + i w = 0  z = –i w  z = iw  w = –iz
Also, arg(zw) = 
 arg(–iz2) =   arg(–i) + 2 arg(z) = 
  
– + 2 arg (z) =   arg( i)   2 
2  
3 3
 2 arg (z) =  arg (z) = .
2 4
1  1  1 1
 
4. Let z =  z =  i  1 = =– .
i 1    i  1 i  1
5. Let roots be p + iq and p – iq p, q  R

root lie on line Re(z) = 1
 p=1
product of roots = p2 + q2 = = 1 + q2
 (1,  (q 0, roots are distinct) Ans.

STRAIGHT LINE
EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A(0,0)
13 20
 0  5  16 0  12  12 
A-3._ (i) centroid  ,   (7, 8)
 3 3 
B(5,12) 11 C(16,12)
(ii) Let coordinates of circumcentre is O (x, y).
Therefore OA = OB = OC
 x2 + y2 = (x – 5)2 + (y – 12)2 = (x – 16)2 + (y – 12)2
 x2 + y2 = (x – 5)2 + (y – 12)2  10x + 24y = 16g
(x – 5)2 + (y – 12)2 = (x – 16)2 + (y – 12)2
21 8
 2x = 21  x= , y=
2 3
 0  11  5  20  16  13 0  11  12  20  13  12 
(iii)   ,   (7, 9)
 13  20  11 13  20  11 
  5  20  13  16  11 13  12  20  0  11  13  12 
(iv) 2 =  ,   (27, – 21)
  20  13  11  20  13  11 
A-4. Let coordinates of P(x,y)

given PA = PB  (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = (x – 5)2 + (y + 2)2
 4x – 12y = 4
 x – 3y = 1 ...(i)
x y 1
1
3 4 1
2 = 10
5 2 1
 6x + 2y – 26 = ± 20  3x + y – 13 = ± 10
 3x + y = 23 ...(ii)
 3x + y = 3 ...(iii)
Solving (i) and (ii) we get (7, 2)
Solving (i) and (iii) we get (1, 0)
Section (B) :
B-2. Let equation of line is x + my + n = 0 ...(i)
 a3 a2  3   b3 b 2  3   c3 c2  3 
given  a  1 a  1  ,  b  1 b  1  and  c  1, c  1  are collinear
, ,
     
     
 t3 t2  3 
 , 
 t  1 t  1  is general point which satisfies line (i)
 
 t3   t2  3 
  +m  
 t  1  t 1  + n = 0
   
3 2
 t + m t + nt – (3m + n) = 0

m
a+b+c=–

n
ab + bc + ac =

3m  n
abc =

Now LHS = abc – (ab + bc + ac) + 3 (a + b + c)
(3m  n) n  m 
= – +3   =0
    
B-5. Let point is P(x, y) and A(ae, 0) and B(–ae,0)
Given |PA – PB| = 2a  ( x  ae )2  y 2  ( x  ae )2  y 2 = 2a
Let ( x  ae )2  y 2 = A, ( x  ae )2  y 2 = B
Hence A – B = 2a
A2 – B2 = (A + B) (A – B)  A + B = –2xe
Hence 2A = 2a –2xe
A = a – ex
x2 y2
(x – ae)2 + y2 = (a – ex)2  – =1
a2 a 2 (e 2  1)
Section (C) :
C-3. Obvious
C-4. By parametric form 11
 11 11  2 2
Q  4  cos ,1  sin  
 2 2 2 2 
p(4, 1) 3x – y = 0
it lies on 3x – y = 0
33 11
 12 + cos – 1 – sin  = 0
2 2 2 2
3 sin
 1+ cos – =0  3cos – sin = – 2 2
2 2 2 2
squaring both sides
9cos2 + sin2 – 6 sin cos = 8(sin2 + cos2)
cos2 – 6sin cos – 7 sin2 = 0
7tan2 + 6tan – 1 = 0
1
tan = – 1, .
7
Hence required line are x + y = 5, x – 7y + 3 = 0
Section (D) :
D-2. foot of perpendicular

x2 y 3 (3  2  3  4 )  23 29 
= =–  (x, y)   , 
3 1 3 2  ( 1)2  10 10 
image
x2 y 3 (3  2  3  4 )  13 14 
= =–2  (x, y)   , 
3 1 3 2  ( 1)2  5 5 

1
slope of line perpendicular to the line y = 3x – 4 is – hence its equation
3
1
y–3=– (x – 2)  x + 3y – 11 = 0
3
D-5. L1 : 4x + 3y – 7 = 0
L2 : 24x + 7y – 31 = 0
a1 a2 + b1b2 = 4 × 24 + 3 × 7 > 0
Hence + sign gives obtuse angle bisector and – sign gives acute angle bisector
Now, put origin in both 4 × 0 + 3 × 0 – 7 < 0
24 × 0 + 7(0) – 31 < 0
Hence  sign gives that bisector in which origin lies.
Hence origin lies in obtuse angle bisector
 4x  3y  7   24 x  7 y  31 
Now, equation of bisector   =±  
 5   25 
 + sign x – 2y + 1 = 0
– sign 2x + y – 3 = 0
Section (E) :
E-4. 12x 2 – 10xy + 2y2 + 11x – 5y +  = 0
This represents pair of straight lines if  = abc + 2fgh – af 2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0
we get  = 2
Now
12x 2 – 10xy + 2y2 + 11x – 5y + 2 = (6x – 2y + p) (2x – y + q)
compair both sides 2p + 6q = 11
–p – 2q = –5
1
solving both we get p = 4, q =
2
Hence required lines are 6x – 2y + 4 = 0  3x – y + 2 = 0
1
2x – y + = 0  4x – 2y + 1 = 0
2
 3 5
solving both equations we get point of intersection   ,  
 2 2
Now angle between both lines
m1  m 2 32 1 1
tan  = 1  m m = =   = tan–1
1 2 1 3  2 7 7
Now equation of pair of angle bisector
2 2
 3  5  3  5
x   y   x  y  
 2  2  2  2
=  2x 2 + 4xy – 2y2 + 16x – 4y + 7 = 0
12  2 5
E-5. Homogenize x 2 + y2 = a2 by y = mx + c
2
2 2
 y  mx 
2
we get x + y = a  
 c 
This equation represents pair of lines passing through origin.
That will be right angle if
coeff. x 2 + coeff. y2 = 0  2c 2 = a2 (1 + m 2)
Section (F) %
F-1_. (i) (2, 5, 8) (ii) (–5, –4, –3) (iii) (–3, 0, 7) (iv) (8, 2, 5)

F-3_. (i)
(ii)
PART - II
Section (A) :
A-1*. AB = 49 = 13
BC = 36  16 = 2 13
CD = 49 = 13
AD = 36  16 = 2 13
AC = 64  1 = 65
BD = 16  49 = 65
its rectangle
A-4. If H is orthocentre of triangle ABC, then orthocentre of triangle BCH is point A
Section (B) :
B-2*. Since A, B, C are coffe. near
Slope of AB = Slope of BC A(k, 2 – 2k) B(1 – k, 2k) C(– k– 4, 6 – 2k)
2  2k  2k 2k  6  2k
=
k  1 k 1 k  k  4
2  4k 4k  6
 =  10 – 20k = (4k – 6)(2k – 1)
2k  1 5
1
 (4k – 6)(2k – 1) + 10(2k – 1) = 0  k= ,–1
2
B-3. AP = x 2  ( y – 4 )2
BP = x 2  ( y  4 )2  |AP – BP| = 6
AP – BP = ± 6
x 2  ( y – 4 )2 – x 2  ( y  4 )2 = ± 6
On squaring we get the locus of P
9x 2  7y2 + 63 = 0
Section (C) :
C-2. x1 + y1 = 5 ... (i)
x2 = 4 ... (ii)
co - ordinates of G are (4, 1)
1  x1  x 2
 =4 ....(iii)
3
y1  y 2  2
and ¼rFkk½ =1 ... (iv)
3
solving above equations, we get B & C.
C-4.
Let coordinates of point P by parametric

P(2 + r cos 45º, 3 + r sin 45º)
It satisfies the line 2x – 3y + 9 = 0
 r   r 
2  2   – 3  3   + 9 = 0  r= 4 2
 2  2
Section (D) :
D-1. a2x + a by + 1 = 0
origin and (1, 1) lies on same side.
a2 + ab + 1 > 0  a  R
D<0  b2 – 4 < 0
 b  (–2, 2)
but b>0  b  (0, 2)
 22  64  5 91 64x+8y+35 = 0
D-4. p= 2 2 =
2  ( 16 ) 260
1
 64  11  8  4  35 q(–11, 4)
q=
64 2  8 2 p
B1 : 2x – 16y – 5 = 0
p < q Hence 2x – 16y – 5 = - is acute angle besectory

Section (E) :
E-2. m 1 + m 2 = – 10
a
m 1m 2 =
1
given m 1 = 4m 2  m 2 = – 2, m 1 = – 8,
a = 16
E-5. Homogenize given curve with given line

3x2 + 4xy – 4x(2x + y) + 1(2x + y)2 = 0
2
3x2 + 4xy – 8x2 – 4xy + 4x2 + y2 + 4xy = 0 3x + 4xy – 4x + 1 = 0
– x2 + 4xy + y2 =
2x + y = 1
coeff. x2 + coeff. y2 = 0
Hence angle is 90º
Section (F) :
F-3_. x2 + y2 + y2 + z2 + z2 + x2 = 36
2(x2 + y2 + z2) = 36
x 2  y2  z2  3 2
F-4_. The two numbers are x and x + 2

(a) x > 10
(b) x + 2 > 10 x>8
(c) x + x + 2 < 34
2x < 32 X < 16
Now x must be between 10 < x < 16
x  (11, 13), (13, 15)
F-6_. Let the third PH reading is x

7.48  8.42  x
7.4 < < 8.2
3
22.2 < 15.90 + x < 24.6
6.3 < x < 8.7
PH range should be in between 6.3 to 8.7
F-8_. Standard result.
EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
3.
A, S, B are collinear
0 0 1
x1 x 2  x1 1  0
2 1 1

 3x1 = 2x2 .... (1)
B, R, C are collinear
2 1 1
x2 x 2  x1 1  0  x1 – 2x2 + 3 = 0 ... (2)
3 0 1
3
Solving (i) and (ii) we get x1 =
2
9
x2 =
4
3  9  3 3 9 3
Hence P  , 0 , Q , 0  , R  , , S  , 
2  4  2 4 4 4
6. (i) D is mid point of BC

 x2  x3 y2  y3 
Hence co-ordinates of D are  , 
 2 2 
Therefore, equation of the median AD is
x y 1
x1 y1 1
x2  x3 y2  y3 =0
1
2 2
Applying R3  2R3
x y 1
x1 y1 1
=0
x2  x3 y2  y3 2
x y 1 x y 1
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
 + =0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1
(using the addition property of determinats)
(ii) Let P(x, y) be any point on the line parallel to BC
Area of ABP = Area of ACP
x y 1 x y 1
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
=
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1
x y 1 x y 1
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
 – =0
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1
This gives the equation of line AP.
(iii) Let AD be the internal bisector of angle A,

BD BA c
 = =
DC CA b
 cx 3  bx 2 cy 3  by 2 
D  , 
 c b c b 

Let P(x,y) be any point on AD then P,A,D are collinear
x y 1
x1 y1 1
 cx  bx cy 3  by 2 =0
3 2
1
bc bc
R3  (b + c) R3
x y 1
x1 y1 1
=0
cx 3  bx 2 cy 3  by 2 bc
x y 1 x y 1
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
 + =0 (Addtion property)
cx 3 cy 3 c bx 2 by 2 b
x y 1 x y 1
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1
c +b =0
x3 y3 1 x2 y2 1
This is the equation of AD.
9. equation of line L1 is
5 3
y– = 2 . (x – )
2 2
1
or 2x – y – =0
2
or 4x – 2y – 1 = 0
equation of line L2 is
5 3
y– = 1 (x – ) or x–y+1=0
2 2
Point C is mirror image of point A w.r.t line L1
x – (– 2) y – (3 ) – 2(– 8 – 6 – 1)
= =
4 –2 20
 C(4, 0)
similarly B is mirror image of A in line L2 = 0
x – (–2) ( y – 3) –2(–2 – 3  1)
 =
1 –1 2
3
 B(2, – 1)  D(1, ) ; E (0, 1)
2
median through B is
5/2
(y + 1) = (x – 2)  5x + 2y = 8
–1
median through C is
1
(y – 1) = ( x – 0)  x + 4y = 4
–4
11. a2 + b2 = c2 .... (i)
Let L is (x1, y1)
L is foot of perpendicular from point P(a, b) on line AB
equation of AB is bx + ay – ab = 0
x1 – a y1 – b – (ab  ab – ab)
  
b a a2  b2
x1 – a y1 – b – ab
 
b a c2
ab 2 a(c 2 – b 2 )
 x1 = a –  = a3/c2
c2 c2
 a3 = c2x1 .... (ii)
similarly
b3 = c2y1 ....... (iii)
using these relations (ii) & (iii) in equation (i), we get
required locus.
14. Given pair of lines are a2x2 +2h(a + b)xy + b2y2 = 0

ax2 +2hxy + by2 = 0
Equation of pair of bisectors of first pair is
x2 – y2 xy
=
2
a –b 2 h a  b 
x2 – y2 xy
  =
a–b h
Which is also bisector of second pair.
Hence both pair are equally inclined.
15. Let equation of chords hx + ky = 1

By homogenisation
3x2 – y2 – 2x (hx + ky) + 4y (hx + ky) = 0
 it makes 90º. Hence
coeff. x2 + coeff. y2 = 0
3 – 2h – 1 + 4k = 0  h – 2k = 1
Hence all chords are concurrent at (1, – 2)
Similarly homogenize 3x2 – y2 – 2x + 4y = 0
 3x2 + 3y2 – 2x(hx + ky) + 4y (hx + ky) = 0
again coeff. x2 + coeff. y2 = 0
h 2k
3 + 3 – 2h + 4k = 0  h – 2k = 3  – =1
3 3
1 2
Hence, all chords passes though  , .
3 3 
PART - II
 1
2 
1 5 5
1. here tan =  tan 2 = 2 =
5  1 12
1–  
5
5x
 required line y =
12
00a a
4. p= =
5 5
p
tan 45º = p=x
x
1
Hence area = (2x)(p) = px = p2 = a/5
2

8. Image of A(3, 10) in 2x + y – 6 = 0
x 3 y  10  6  10  6 
= = – 2 2 2 
2 1  2 1 
x 3 y  10
= =–4
2 1
A' = (– 5, 6)
 63 
Equation of A'B is y–3=   (x – 4)
54
1
y–3=– (x – 4)
3
3y – 9 = – x + 4
 x + 3y – 13 = 0
10. By geometry
a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 ....(i)
By section formula
 n(a  b)
h=  =
ab a
 k(a  b )
k=  =
ab b
Put value of  and  in (i)
h 2 (a  b )2 k 2 (a  b )2
+ = (a + b)2
a2 b2
h2 k2
 + =1
a2 b2
x2 y2
Locus of (opchim) is + =1
a2 b2
12. x2 – 2pxy – y2 = 0
x2  y2 xy
pair of angle bisector of this pair =
1  ( 1) p
2
 x2 – y2 + xy = 0
p
compare this bisector pair with x2 – 2qxy – y2 = 0
2
= –2q  pq = –1.
p
14. 1 = 2x – 3y – 6 = 0
2 = 3x – y + 3 = 0
3 = 3x + 4y – 12 = 0
Hence  [– 1, 3]
[– 2, 3]

16. Both A & B are same side of line 2x – 3y – 9 = 0
Now, perimeter of APB will be least when points A, P, B were collinear. Let B' is image of B
x 0 y4  0  12  9 
Then = = – 2  2 2

2 3  2  ( 3) 
 84  74 
 B'  , 
 13 13 
74
Now equation of AB' is y = (x + 2)
110
 21  37 
point of intersection of given line & Q is P  , .
 17 17 
EXERCISE # 3
1. (A) Slope of such line is ± 1 y
1
(B) area of OAB = × 3 × 4 = 6 sq. units B
2 O
x
(–4,0)
2 1  3 A
(0,–3)
1 1 3
(C) To represent pair of straight lines =0  c=3
3 3 c
(D) Lines represented by given equation are x + y + a = 0 and x + y – 9a = 0
10a
 distance between these parallel lines is = = 5 2a
2
Comprehension # 2 (5, 6, 7)
Slopes of the lines
3
3x + 4y = 5 is m1 = –
4
4
and 4x – 3y = 15 is m2 =  m1 m2 = – 1
3

 given lines are perpendicular and  A =
2
Now required equation of BC is
m  tan(  / 4)
(y – 2) = (x – 1) ......(1)
1  m tan(  / 4)
3
where m = slope of AB = –
4
 equation of BC is (on solving (1))
x – 7y + 13 = 0 and 7x + y – 9 = 0
L1  x – 7y + 13 = 0
L2  7x + y – 9 = 0
5. c+f=4
6. Equation of a straight line
through (2, 3) and inclined at an angle of (/3) with y-axis ((/6) with x-axis) is
x2 y3
=  x– 3y =2– 3 3
cos(  / 6 ) sin( / 6)
Points at a distance c + f = 4 units from point P are
(2 + 4 cos (/6), 3 + 4 sin (/6))  (2 + 2 3 , 5)
and (2 – 4 cos (/6), 3 – 4 sin (/6))  (2 – 2 3 , 1)
only (A) is true out of given options
7. Let required line be x + y = a
which is at |b – 2a – 1| = |5 – 4 – 4 3 – 1| = 4 3 units from origin
 required line is x + y – 4 6 = 0 (since intercepts are on positive axes only)

8. ax3 + bx2y + cxy2 + dy3 = 0
since this is homogeneous pair represent there straight lines passing through origin
ax3 + bx2y + cxy2 + dy3 = (y – m1x)(y – m2x)(y – m3x)
or put y = mx in given equation we get
m3d + cm2 + bm + a = 0
c
m1 + m2 + m3 =
d
b
m 1m 2 + m 2m 3 + m 3m 1 =
d
a
m 1m 2m 3 =
d
given two lines + hence m1m2 = – 1  m3 = a/d
eliminate m3 from remaining equation
10. S2 is standard result.

equation of angle bisectors of lines given in S1 are
3x  4y  2 4x  3y  2
=±  x – y = 0 and 7x + 7y – 24 = 0
5 5
14._ Let R(5, 1) divides line segment joining P(2,10) and Q(6, – 2) in  : 1
6  2
5= =3
 1
Hence Harmonic conjugate divides in 3 : 1 externaly
 18  2  6  10 
Hence required part is  ,  = (8, -8)
 3 1 3 1 
0 0 (1)

19. Required point is foot of perpendicular from (0, 0) on the given line which is = =
3 4 25
EXERCISE # 4
PART - I
1. A(x 1,y1), B(x 2, y2), C(x 3, y3)
x 1, x 2 , x 3 and y1 , y2, y3 are in G.P. of common ratio r.
 x 2 = x 1r , x 3 = x 1r2 , y2 = y1r, y3 = y1r2
x1 x1r x1r 2
1 y1 y1r y1r 2
Area of triangle ABC = =0  A, B & C are collinear..
2 1 1 1
2. Let m be the slope of PQ then
m  ( 2)
tan 450 =
1  m( 2)
m2
 1 = 1  2m

m2
 ±1=
1  2m
 m + 2 = 1 – 2m or –1 + 2m = m + 2
1
m=  or m=3
3
PR makes 450 with PQ
1
equation of PQ y –1 =  (x – 2)
3
 x + 3y – 5 = 0
equation of PR is y – 1 = 3(x – 2)
 3x – y – 5 = 0
combined equation of PQ and PR (x + 3y – 5) (3x – y – 5) = 0
 3x2 – 3y2 + 8xy – 20x – 10y + 25 = 0
3. S is the mid point of Q and R
 7  6 3  1  13 
S  ,  =  , 1
 2 2  2
2 1 2
slope of PS = m = =
2  13 / 2 9
equation of line passing through (1, –1) and parallel to PS is
2
y+1= (x – 1)  2x + 9y + 7 = 0
9
4.
BC = 2
AB = 2
AC = 2
Hence ABC is an equilateral triangle. In equilateral triangle incentre coincides with centroid. Thus
 0  2 1 0  0  3   1 
   ,   1 , 
 3 3   
   3 
5. p (h, k) be a general point in the first quadrent such that d(P, A) = d(p, O)
 |h – 3| + |k – 2| = |h| + |k| = h + k
[h and k are positive point (h, k) being in  quadrent]
If h < 3, k < 2, then (h, k) lie in region  IV III
y=2 x = 1/2 A(3,2)
If h > 3, k < 2, then (h, k) lie in region 
If h > 3, k > 2, then (h, k) lie in 
If h < 3, k > 2, then (h, k) lie in IV I II
5 x+y=5/2
In region  3 – h + 2 – k = h + k  h+k=
2 x
O (0,0) (5/2,0)
1
In region  h – 3 + 2 – k = h + k  k =  not x=3
2
possible
In region  h – 3 + k – 2 = h + k  –5 = 0 Not
possible
1
In region IV 3 – h + k – 2 = h + k  h=
2
5
Set consist line segment x + y = of finite length
2
1
In Ist region and x = in the IV region.
2
6. c1  ac1
a 2 x  aby  ac bx  ay cx  a
1 2
= abx  a y  ax  by  c cy  b
a 2
acx  a cy  b  ax  by  c
c1  c1 + bc2 + cc3
(a 2  b 2  c 2 )x
ay  bx cx  a x ay  bx cx  a
1 (a 2  b 2  c 2 )y by  c  ax cy  b 1 y by  c  ax b  cy
= =
a (a 2  b 2  c 2 ) b  cy  ax  by  c a 1 b  cy c  ax  by
as a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
c2  c2 – bc1 , c3  c3 – cc1
x ay a
1 y  c  ax b
=
a 1 cy  ax  by
R1  x R1
x2 axy ax
1 y  c  ax b
=
ax 1 cy  ax  by
R1  R1 + yR2 + R3
x2  y2  1 0 0
1 y  c  ax b
=
ax 1 cy  ax  by
  = (x2 + y2 + 1) (ax + by + c)
Given  = 0  ax + by + c = 0 which represent a
straight line
5
7. The x-coordinate of intersection of lines 3x + 4y = 9 and y = mx + 1 is x =
3  4m
For x being an integer 3 + 4m should be divisor of 5
i.e. 1, –1, 5 or –5
1
3 + 4m = 1  m=  (Not integer)
2
4m + 3 = – 1  m = – 1 (Interger)
1
3 + 4m = 5  m= 
(Not an integer)
2
3 + 4m = – 5  m = – 2 (integer)
 there are two integral value of m

8.
In parallelogram OABC
B(0,1) and point A in the point of intersection of y = mx and y = nx + 1
1 m
 x and y =
mn mn
Now area of parallelogram = 2 (OAB)
1 1 
= 2  1 
2 mn
1
= |mn|
9. y = |x| – 1
y = –|x| + 1
Region is clearly square with vertices at the
point (1,0), (0,1), (–1,0), (0,–1). So,
its area = 2  2 = 2.

10. Let XOS =  and XOT =
2

let p(cos  , sin ), then TOP =  –
2

let Q be the image of P in OT. Then QOT =  –
2
 QOX =  – 
 XOQ =  – 

 Q is image of P in the line whose slope is tan
2
11.
The line segment QR makes an angle 60º with the positive direction of x-axis.
hence bisector of angle PQR will make 120º with +ve direction of x-axis.
 Its equation
y – 0 = tan120º (x – 0)
y=– 3x
x 3y0
12.
as OPA ~ OQC
OP OA 9/4 3
 = = =
OQ OC 3 4
 1 m   3 3m 
13. The line y = mx meets the given lines in P  ,  and Q  ,  . Hence equation of L1 is
 m  1 m  1  m  1 m  1
m  1  3
y– = 2 x    y – 2x – 1 = – .........(i)
m 1  m  1 m 1
3m  3  6
and that of L2 is y – =–3 x    y + 3x – 3 = .........(ii)
m 1  m  1 m 1
y  2x  1 1
Form (i) and (ii) y  3 x  3 = –  x – 3y + 5 = 0; which is a straight line
2
14. equation of line y – 2 = m(x – 8) where m < 0

 2 
 P   8  , 0  and Q  (0, 2 – 8m)
 m 
2
Now OP + OQ = 8  + |2 – 8m|
m
2 2
= 10 + + 8(–m)  10 + 2  8 ( m)  18
(–m) m
15. The number of integral points that lie in the interior of square OABC is 20 × 20. These points are (x, y) where x,
y = 1, 2, ........., 20. Out of these 400 points 20 lie on the line AC. Out of the remaining exactly half lie in ABC.
1
 number of integeral point in the triangle OAC = [20 × 20 – 20] = 190
2
Alternative Solution
There are 19 points that lie in the interior of ABC and on the line x = 1, 18 point that lie on the line x = 2 and so
on. Thus, the number of desired points is
20  19
19 + 18 + 17 + .... + 2 + 1 = = 190.
2

16. Refer Figure
Equation of altitude BD is x = 3.
40
slope of AB is =–4
34
 slope of OE is 1/4
Equation of OE is
1
y= x.
4
Lines BD and OE meets at (3, 3/4)
17. The lines given by x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 are x = 2 and x = 6.

The lines given by y2 – 14y + 45 = 0 are y = 5 and y = 9
Centre of the required circle is the centre of the square.
 Required centre is
26 59
 ,  = (4, 7).
 2 2 
18. x2 – y2 + 2y = 1
x = ± (y – 1)
Bisector of above lines are x = 0, y = 1

so Area between x = 0, y = 1 and x + y = 3
1
= × 2 × 2 = 2 squ. units
2
19. A line passing through P(h, k) and parallel to x-axis is y = k the other lines given are y = x and y + x = 2
Let ABC be the  formed by the points of intersection of the lines (i) , (ii) and (iii) be A(k, k) , B(1, 1), C (2–k, k)
k k 1
1 1 1 1
 Area of  ABC = = 4h2
2 2–k k 1
0 k 1
1 0 1 1 = 4h2
C1  C1 – C2
2 2 – 2k k 1
1
 |(2 – 2k) (k – 1)| = 4h2  (k – 1)2 = 4h2
2
 k – 1 = 2h, k – 1 = – 2h  k = 2h + 1 k = – 2h + 1
 locus of (h, k) is y = 2x + 1 y = – 2x + 1
20.
 4
R is centroid hence R   3, 3 

PR OP
21. =
RQ OQ
PR OP 2 2
 =
RQ OQ 5
but statement – 2 is false
 Ans. (C)
22. P  (– sin ( – ) , – cos )

Q  (cos ( – ), sin )

R  (cos ( –  + ) , sin ( – )) 0 < , ,  <
4
xR = cos ( – ) cos  – sin ( – ) sin 
 xR = xQ . cos  + xP . sin 
yR = sin  cos  – cos  sin 
 yR = yQ . cos  + yP . sin 
For P, Q, R to be collinear
sin  + cos  = 1
  1  
 sin     =  not possible for the given interval   0 , 
 4 2  4
 non collinear
23. (1 + p) x – py + p (1 + p) = 0 ......(1)
(1 + q) x – qy + q(1 + q) = 0 ......(2)
on solving (1) and (2), we get C(pq, (1 + p) (1 + q))
 equation of altitude CM passing through C and perpendicular to AB is x = pq .......(3)
 1 q 
 slope of line (2) is =  
 q 
q
 slope of altitude BN (as shown in figure) is =
1 q
q
 equation of BN is y – 0 = (x + p)
1 q
q
 y= (x + p) ....... (4)
(1  q)
Let orthocentre of triangle be H(h, k) which is the point of intersection of (3) and (4)
 on solving (3) and (4), we get
x = pq and y = – pq  h = pq and k = –pq
 h+k=0
 locus of H(h, k) is x + y = 0
24. Let slope of line L = m
m – (– 3 ) m 3
 = tan 60º = 3  = 3
1  m(– 3 ) 1  3m
taking positive sign, m + 3 = 3 – 3m

m=0
taking negative sign
m+ 3 + 3 – 3m = 0
m= 3
As L cuts x-axis  m= 3
so L is y + 2 = 3 (x –3)
PART - II
1. (h – a1)2 + (k – b1)2 = (h – a2)2 + (k – b2)2

2h(a1 – a2) + 2k(b1 – b2) + a 22  b 22  a12  b12 = 0
 
compare with (a1 – a2)x + (b1 – b2) y + c = 0
2
a 2  b 22  a12  b12

c= .
2
2. 3h – 1 = a cos t + b sin t
3k = a sin t – b cos t
squaring and add. (Locus)
(3x – 1)2 + 9y2 = a2 + b2
3. x2 – 2pxy – y2 = 0
x2  y2 xy
pair of angle bisector of this pair =
1  ( 1) p
2
 x2 – y2 + xy = 0
p
compare this bisector pair with x2 – 2qxy – y2 = 0
2
= –2q  pq = –1.
p
4. Equation of AC
sin   cos 
y – a sin  = (x – acos )
cos   sin 
y(cos  + sin ) + x(cos  – sin ) = a(sin  cos  + sin2  – sin  cos  + cos2 )
y(cos  + sin ) + x(cos  – sin ) = a.
h k 2
5. G , 
3 3 
2h
 + (k – 2) = 1  2h + 3k = 9
3
Locus 2x + 3y = 9.
x y
6. Let equation of line is + =1
a b
4 3
it passes through (4, 3) + =1
a b
sum of intercepts is –1 a + b = –1  a = –1 – b
4 3
 + =1
 1 b b
 4b – 3 – 3b = –b – b2
 b2 + 2b – 3 = 0
 b = –3, 1
x y
b = 1, a = –2 + =1
2 1
x y
b = –3, a = 2 + = 1.
2 3
7. x2 – 2cxy – 7y2 = 0
2c
sum of the slopes m1 + m2 =
7
1
Product of slopes m1m2 =
7
given m1 + m2 = 4m1m2
2c 4
 =  c = 2.
7 7
8. Pair 6x2 – xy + 4cy2 = 0 has its one line 3x + 4y = 0

3 x 3x 2 9x 2
y= 6x2 + + 4c =0
4 4 16
 24x2 + 3x2 + 9cx2 = 0
 c = –3.
9. ax + 2by + 3b = 0
bx – 2ay – 3a = 0
x y 1
= 2 2 =
 6ab  6ab 3b  3a  2a  2b 2
2
Hence point of intersection (0, –3/2)

Line parallel to x-axis y = –3/2.
2 1 1
10.  a, b, c are in H.P. = +
b a c
1 2 1
 – + =0
a b c
x y 1
given line + + =0
a b c
Clearly line passes through (1, –2).
 7
11. Centroid is 1, 
 3

12. Pair of lines ax2 + 2(a + b)xy + by2 = 0
1 2
Area of sector A1 = r 1
2
1 2
A2 = r 2
2
1 + 2 = 180º
given A1 = 3A2  1 = 32
 2 = 45º , 1 = 135º
2 (a  b)2  ab
Angle between lines is = ab =1
 4 a 2  b 2  ab = a2 + b2 + 2ab
 
 3a2 + 3b2 + 2ab = 0.
13. Let equation of line is

x y
 = 1.
a b
By section formula
a
=3a=6
2
b
=4b=8
2
x y
+ = 1  4x + 3y = 24.
6 8
14. Since (1, 1) and (a, a2) Both lies same side with respect to both lines
a – 2a2 < 0  2a2 – a > 0
 a(2a – 1) > 0
1 
a  (–, 0)   ,  
2 
2 2
3a – a > 0  a – 3a < 0  a  (0, 3)
1 
Hence after taking intersection a   , 3  .
2 
15. AB = (h  1)2  (k  1)2

BC = 1
AC = (h  2)2  (k  1)2
AB2 + BC2 = AC2  (h – 1)2 + (k – 1)2 + 1 = (h – 2)2 + (k – 1)2
 2h = 2  h = 1
1
Area of ABC = (h  1)2  (k  1)2 × 1 = 1
2
(K – 1)2 = 4  k – 1 = ±2  k = 3, –1.
16.

The line segment QR makes an angle 60º with the positive direction of x-axis.
hence bisector of angle PQR will make 120º with +ve direction of x-axis.
 Its equation
y – 0 = tan120º (x – 0)
y=– 3x
x 3y0
17. Bisector of x = 0 and y = 0 is either y = x or y = –x
If y = x is Bisector, then
mx2 + (1 – m2)x2 – mx2 = 0
 m + 1 – m2 – m = 0  m2 = 1  m = ±1.
1
18. Slope of PQ =
1 k
Hence equation of  to line PQ
7  (1  k ) 
y– = (k – 1)  x  
2  2 
Put x = 0
7 (1  k ) (1  k )
y= + = –4
2 2
7 + (1 – k2) = –8  k2 = 16  k = ±4.
Hence possible answer = –4.
19. p(p2 + 1) x – y + q = 0
(p2 + 1)2 x + (p2 + 1) y + 2q = 0 are perpendicular
for a common line
 lines are parallel  slopes are equal
p(p 2  1) (p 2  1)2
 =–  p=–1
1 (p 2  1)
PA  3
20.  =
PB  1
 (x + 1)2 + y2 = 9((x – 1)2 + y2)
x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 = 9x2 + 9y2 – 18x + 9
8x2 + 8y2 – 20x + 8 = 0
10
x2 + y2 – x+1=0
4
5 
 circumcentre  4 , 0  .
 
x y
21. + =1
5 b
13 32 32 8
+ =1  =–  b = – 20
5 b b 5
x y
– =1  4x – y = 20
5 20
3
Line K has same slope  – =4
c
3
c=–  4x – y = – 3
4
23
distance =
17
22.
 AD : DB = 2 2 : 5  OD is angle bisector
of angle AOB
 St : 1 true
St. 2 false (obvious) Ans.
23. x + y = |a|
ax – y = 1
if a > 0
x+y=a
ax – y = 1
------------------------------------
x(1 + a) = 1 + a as x = 1
y=a–1
It is in the first quadrant
so a – 1  0
a1
a  [1, )
If a < 0
x+y=–a
ax – y = 1
+
-------------------------------
x(1 + a) = 1 – a
1– a a –1
x= >0  <0 .............(1)
1 a a 1
1– a
y=–a–
1 a
– a – a2 – 1  a
= >0
1 a
 a 2  1 a2  1
 
–  a 1  > 0  < 0 .............(2)
  a 1
from (1) and (2) a  {}
24.  = 3h
 – 2 = 3k
 = 3k +2
third vertex on the line 2x + 3y = 9
2 + 3 = 9
2(3h) + 3(3k + 2) = 9
2h + 3k = 1
2x + 3y – 1 = 0
25.
 8 14 
 C , 
5 5 
 8 14 
Line 2x + y = k passes C  , 
5 5 
2  8 14
 =k
5 5
k=6
26. (y – 2) = m(x – 1)
2
OP = 1 –
m
OQ = 2 – m
1 1 1  2 
Area of POQ = (OP)(OQ) =   (2 – m)
2 2  m
1 2  m  4  2 
=  
2  m 
1  4 
= 2 4   m  m  
  
m = –2
ADVANCE LEVEL PROBLEMS

PART - I
1. Condition for concurrency
1 2a a
1 3b b 2 1 1
=0  = +
1 4c c b a c
So a, b, c are in H.P.
2. x 2(sec 2– sin2) – 2xy tan + y2sin2= 0
|m 1 – m 2| = (m1  m 2 )2  4m1m 2
2
 2 tan    sec 2   sin 2  
   4  =2
 sin 2   
 sin 2  

3. Equation of family of curves passing through intersection of C1 & C2 is

x 2 + 4y2 – 2xy – 9x + 3 + (2x 2 + 3y2 – 4xy + 3x – 1)= 0 .............(i)
It will give the joint equation of pair of lines passing through origin,
if coefficient of x = 0 & Constant = 0
 =3
put  = 3 in equation (i), we get
x 2 + 4y2 – 2xy + 6x 2 + 9y2 – 12xy = 0
It will subtend 90º at origin if coeff. of x 2 + coeff. of y2 = 0
= –19

4. 5
For B and C apply Parametric form
A B
x3 y2
= =±5 5 (3, 2)
cos  sin 
Points are (7, 5) & (–1, –1) O
5.
From figure it is clear that A is orthocentre of ABC
6. px 2 – qxy – y2 = 0
m 1 = tan m 2 = tan
m1 + m2 = – q , m1 m2 = – p
q
 tan (+ ) = 
1 p
7. (2 + ) x + (1 – 2) y + (4 – 3) = 0
(2   )  2  3  (1  2 )  ( 4  3 )
distance from point A is = = 10
(2   )2  (1  2 )2
 =1
Hence, the required line is 3x – y + 1 = 0
8.
To find equations of AB and CD

 AB and CD are parallel to 3x – 4y = 0 and at a distance of 2 units from (1, 1)
 3x – 4y + k = 0
3– 4k
and =2  k – 1 =  10
5
 k = 11, – 9
 equations of two sides of the square which are parallel to 3x – 4y = 0 are
3x – 4y + 11 = 0 and 3x – 4y – 9 = 0
Now the remaining two sides will be perpendicular to
3x – 4y = 0 and at a distance of 2 unit from (1, 1)  4x + 3y + k = 0
43k
and =2  k + 7 =  10
5
 k = 3, – 17  remaining two sides are
4x + 3y + 3 = 0 and 4x + 3y – 17 = 0
9. Given
x cos  + y sin  = a .......(1)
x sin  – y cos  = b .......(2)
square (1) and (2) then add them.
x 2 + y2 = a2 + b2
10. Let point of concurrency of given family of lines is Q and it can be obtained by solving
3x + 4y + 6 = 0
and x+y+2=0  Q (– 2, 0)
Now required line will pass through Q(– 2, 0) and perpendicular to PQ.
 Equation of required line is
–4
y–0= (x + 2)  4x + 3y + 8 = 0
3
11. (i) After reflection about line y = x position of point will be (1, 4)
(ii) After this step (3, 4)
 1 1  1 7
(iii) (h + ki) = (3 + 4i) ei/4 = (3 + 4i)   i   h=– ,k=
 2 2  2 2
(h, k)
(3, 4)
 1 7 
Hence the final position will be   , 
 2 2
12. Let the point P be (x, y)

|x| + |y| = 3 .......(i)
•P(x, y)
Case - 1 x > 0, y > 0
Equation (i) will become :
x+y=3
9
Area (OAB) =
2
O A
Similarly for each quadrant , a triangle will be formed. Hence area enclosed will be 18.
13.
 P (– 4, – 2)
and Q (– 2, – 6)
 Let slopes of PM and QM be m1 and m2 respectively.
1
 m1 = 3 and m2 = .
2
Let ‘’ be the acute angle between PM and QM
m1 – m 2 
 tan =  tan = 1  =
1  m1 m 2 4

2 0 1
1
14. For collinearity of 3 points 1 1 =0
3
cos  sin  1
2
 3 sin  – cos  = 2  =
3
15. For ABC

a + b > c, b + c > a, c+a>b
x 2 + 4x + 3 > x 2 + 3x + 8  x>5
11
x 2 + 5x + 11 > x 2 + 2x  x>
3
2x 2 + 5x + 8 > 2x + 3
 2x 2 + 3x + 5 > 0  xR
Common to all is x > 5.
16.
 point of intersection of the two ray is P(0, 2)

 2   2 
 Point A is  , 0  or   , 0 

 3   3 
and PO is bisector of the angle between two rays
 required point is (0, 0)
17. Slope BD = –1,

Equation of BD, x + y = a + b A (x1, y1) D (a, b)
equation of AC  x – y = a
 b b b b
a+ ,,
On solving, we get O   a  , 
 2 2
2 2 O

B  (a + b, 0)
B (x, y) C (x2, y2)
m AC = 1 = tan 
b
OA = OD =
2
Apply parametric form for finding A & C
 b b
x  a   y
 2 2 b
1 = 1 =±
2
2 2
A & C are (a, 0) and (a + b, b)
p q r
q r p
18. =0
r p q
p3 + q3 + r3 – 3pqr = 0  (p + q + r) (p2 + q2 + r2 – pq – qr – rp) = 0
19. k 1u – k 2v = 0 .... (i)
k 1u + k 2v = 0 .... (ii)
 equations of bisectors of the angles formed by lines (i) and (ii) are
k 1u – k 2 v  (k 1u  k 2 v )
=
(ak 1 – bk 2 ) 2  (k 1b  ak 2 )2 (k 1a  bk 2 ) 2  (k 1b – ak 2 )2
 k1u – k2v = (k1u + k2v) .... (iii)
(i) by taking positive sign in (iii), we get
k1u – k2v = k1u + k2v.
2k2v = 0  v = 0
(ii) by taking negative sing in (iii), we get
u=0
PART - II
x1  1 y1  2 6
1. = =±
cos  sin  3
( (1, 2) lie below the line)

6 6
 x1 = 1 + cos, y1 = 2 + sin 
3 3
(x 1, y1) lies on x + y = 4
6
3+ (sin + cos) = 4
3
3 3
sin + cos = =
6 3· 2
1 3 1
(sin + cos) = ·
2 2 2
 3
sin( + )= = sin 60º or sin 120º
4 2
 5  6 
= ,
 is rejected 
12 12  3 
 
2.
4 3
 25
3 4 7 7
tan = 43 =
1 · 24 
3 4 24
25
cosec  =
7

P1 is  from AB to CD, P2 is  from AD to BC
for finding P1 choose arbitrary point (a, a) on AB
4a  3a  3a
2a
 P1= 
5 5
for P2 choose arbitrary point (a/2, 0) on AD
0  2a  a a 2a 2
 P2 =   Area = P1P2 cosec  =
5 5 7
3. Slope of BC is
3  ( 1) 2
= = =–1
 1  ( 3) 2
 Equation of a line parallel to BC is
y=–x+c i.e. x+y–c=0
its distnace from the origin is
c 1 1
  c= 
2 2 2
 Equations of the lines are
1
x+y± =0
2
Since the required line intersects OB and OC, therefore, it is the line whose y intercept is negative. H e n c e
1
the required line is x + y + = 0.
2
4. AB = 64  361 = 425
BC = 576  36 = 612
AC = 256  169 = 425
AB = AC  BC,
 triangle is isosceles
and in isosceles triangle O, H, I, G are collinear
5. D is mid point of AB and lies on the line 3 x + y = 6 

2    1 2  1
 3· + = 6
2 2
3 2 – 7 + 2 = 0 ........(1)
1
= ,2
3
multiplication of slope of AB & line = –1
1
(–3) = –1
  2  1
2 –  – 2 = 0 ........(2)
 = –1, 2
 = 2 satisfies both (1) & (2)
A
7x-y+3 = 0 x+y-3 = 0
6. AB = AC 


B mBC = m C (1, -10)

7x  y  3 ( x  y  3)
The bisectors are =±
5 2 2
1
Their slopes are ,–3
3
1
Required lines are y + 10 = (x – 1) and y + 10 = – 3(x – 1)
3
i.e. x – 3y – 31 = 0 and 3x + y + 7 = 0
7.
 AB = 2d
 OAPB is a cyclic quadrilateral and OP will be diameter of the circumcircle of this quadrilateral
Let Q be the centre of the circle
 in AQT
2d
sin= 2 2
..... (i)
x1  y1
2 h2 – ab
 tan = .... (ii)
ab
 from (i) and (ii), we get
2 h 2 – ab 2d

ab x12  y12 – 4d2
 Locus of P(x1, y1) is
(x2 + y2) (h2 – ab) = d2 {(a – b)2 + 4h2}
1
8.  The slopes of the lines AB, BC and CA are –1, – and –7 respectively
7
1
Let m1 = – , m 2 = –1, m 3 = – 7 A
7
7x
m1 > m2 > m3
0

+
=
tangent of internal angles of the triangle are

y
5

+
–
14
y
3 3 24
+
=
x
tan A = , tan B = and tan C = –

0
4 4 7
B C
 interior angles A and B are acute and interior angle C is obtuse x + 7y – 7 = 0
 internal bisector of B = acute bisector of B 3x + 6y – 16 = 0
External bisector of C  acute bisector of C  8x + 8y + 7 = 0
Internal bisector of A  acute bisector of A  12x + 6y – 11 = 0
9. Equation of line passing through P(–1, 2) making angle  with + ve direction of x-axis is given by
x 1 y2
= = r1 , r2 , r3 (parametric form)
cos  sin 
where r1, r2, r3 are distances of points A, Q, B from point P respectively.
Hence coordinates of A(r1 cos – 1, r1 sin  + 2)
But A lies on x-axis
2
Hence r1 sin  + 2 = 0  sin  = – r
1
coordinates of point B (r3 cos – 1, r3 sin  + 2)
Point B lies on y-axis hence
1
r3 cos  – 1 = 0  cos  =
r3
Coordinates of point Q (r2cos  – 1, r2 sin  + 2)
h 1
Hence h = r2 cos  – 1  cos  = r2
k2
and k = r2 sin  + 2  sin  = r2
Now given that r1 , r2, r3 are in H.P.
2 1 1
r2 = r1 + r3
2 sin
r2 = – 2 + cos 
2 1 k 2 (h  1) 1
  +
 r2 = – 2 r
 2  r2
 2=–
2
(k – 2) + (h + 1)
 4 = – k + 2 + 2h + 2  2h = k
locus y = 2x
Alt : Use P and Q are harmonic conjugates with respect to A and B.
10. Let P(h, k) be a variable point on the lines passing through the origin.
kx1  hy 1
 =
h2  k 2
 (kx 1 – hy1)2 = 2 (h2 + k 2)
 locus of P(h, k) is (x 1y – xy1)2 = 2 (x 2 + y2)
solving it, we get
(y12 – 2) x 2 – 2x 1y1 xy + (x 12 – 2) y2 = 0.
11. Let the line (L) through the origin is
x = r cos
y = r sin
as L intersects L1 at Q and OQ = r1
 r1 sin = m1r1 cos + c1 ..............(1)
similarly, L intersects L2 at R and OR = r2
r2 sin  = m2r2 cos + c2 ..............(2)
Let P  (h, k) & OP = r
 r2 = r1 r2 ..............(3)
& h = r cos ..............(4)
k = r sin ..............(5)
putting the values of r1 and r2 from (1) and (2) in (3)
c1 c2
 r2 = (sin   m cos  ) . (sin   m cos ) ..............(6)
1 2
putting the value of cos and sinfrom (4) and (5) in (6), we get
c1 c 2
 r2 =  (k – m1h) (k – m2h) = c1c2
k hk h
  m1    m 2 
r r r r
replacing (h, k) by (x, y) we get the desired locus
as (y – m1x) ( y – m2x) = c1c2
12. take any point on line
3x + 2y + 4 = 0  20 4 
 , 
put x = 0, we get y = – 2  13 13 
0
Now image of (0, –2) 1=
y+
2x +3
in line 2x + 3y + 1 = 0
x 0 y2  0  6  1 10
= =–2   = (0, –2)
2 3  4  9  13 (– 2, 1) 3x + 2y + 4 = 0
20 30 4
Hence x = and y= –2=
13 13 13
Point of intersection of 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y + 4 = 0 is (–2, 1)
4 4 / 13  1  20 
Hence equation of other line y – = x  
13 20 / 13  2  13 
After simplification, we get 9x + 46y = 28
CIRCLE
EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-2. Since BD is diameter of circle
Hence (x – a) (x – 0) + (y – 0) (y – a) = 0
 x2 + y2 = a (x + y)
A-6. x = –3 + 2sin   x + 3 = 2 sin 

y = 4 + 2cos   y – 4 = 2 cos 
Squarring and add (x + 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 4
Section (B) :
B-4. S1  (9)2 + (0)2 – 16 = 65 > 0

Since (9, 0) lies outside the circle. Hence two real tangents can be drawn.
Now S  x2 + y2 – 16
S1  9x – 16
Hence pair of tangents SS1 = T2
(x2 + y2 – 16) (65) = (9x – 16)2
65x2 + 65y2 – 1040 = 81 x2 + 256 – 288 x
16x2 – 65y2 – 288x + 1296 = 0
2 h 2  ab 2 0  16  65 8 65
Angle between these tangents = (a  b ) = 16  65 =
49
B-5. given f 2  g 2  6 = 2 f 2  g 2  3g  3 f
 3g2 + 3f2 + 12g + 12f + 6 = 0  g2 + f2 + 4g + 4f + 2 = 0
Section (C) :
RL3
C-4. Area of triangle formed by pair of tangents & chord of contact is =
R 2  L2
Here R=a
L= h2  k 2  a2
3/2
a h2  k 2  a2
 
Hence Area = 2
h  k2 
C-7. T = S1
–2x – 3y +3(x –2) +4 (y – 3) + 9
= 4 + 9 – 12 – 24 + 9
x+y+5=0
Section (D) :
D-1. S1 : x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y + 9 = 0 C1(1, 3), r1 = 1
S2 : x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y + 1 = 0 C2(–3, 1), r2 = 3
C1 C2 = 16  4 = 20
n + r2 = 4
Hence C1C2 > r1 + r2 Both circles are non-intersecting.
Hence there are four common tangents.
Transverse common tangents :

 3  3 1 9   5 
coordinate of P  ,    0, 
 1 3 1 3   2 
Let slope of these tangents is m
5 5
y– = m(x – 0)  mx – y + =0
2 2
5
m3
2 1
Now 2 =1 m = 1 m 2
1 m 2
1 3
 m2 + – m = 1 + m2  m = – , other tangents is vertical
4 4
Equation of tangents x = 0
3 5
– x–y+ = 0  –3x – 4y + 10 = 0  3x + 3y = 10
4 2
Direct common tangents
  3  3 1 9 
coordinate of Q  ,   Q(3, 4)
 1 3 1 3 
Hence equations y – 4 = m(x – 3)  mx – y + (4 – 3m) = 0
m  3  4  3m
 =1
1  m2
 |1 – 2m| = 1 m 2
4
 1 + 4m2 – 4m = 1 + m2  3m2 – 4m = 0  m = 0,
3
Hence equation y – 4 = 0(x – 3)  y = 4
4
y–4= (x – 3)  4x – 3y = 0
3
D-3. Equation of circle passing through origin is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy = 0

This circle cuts the circle x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y + 10 = 0 orthogonally
2g(–2) + 2f(3) = 0 + 10
 –2g + 3f – 5 = 0 ...(1)
& x2 + y2 + 12y + 6 = 0 also
1
2g(0) + 2f(6) = 6 + 0  f =
2

3 7 7
 –2g + –5 = 0  2g = –  g = –
2 2 4
 7  1
Hence circle x2 + y2 + 2    x + 2   y = 0
 4  2
2x2 + 2y2 – 7x + 2y = 0
Section (E) :
E-1. Equation of circumcircle of this triangle
L1L2 + L2L3 + L3L1 = 0
(x + 2y – 5)(x + y – 6)+(x + y – 6)(2x + y – 4)+(x + 2y – 5)(2x + y – 4) = 0
coef. of xy = 0  3 + 3 + 5 = 0  3 + 5 + 3 = 0 ...(1)
coef. x2 = coef. y2  1 + 2 + 2 = 2 +  + 2
6
=1 =–
5
6
Hence (x + 2y – 5) (x + y – 6) + (x + y – 6)(2x + y – 4) – (x + 2y – 5) (2x + y – 4) = 0
5
 x2 + y2 – 17x – 19y + 50 = 0
E-2. x 2 + y2 – 10x +  (2x – y) = 0 ....(i)

x 2 + y2 + 2x ( – 5) – y = 0
Centre (– ( – 5) , /2)
Using on y = 2x

 2(  5)
2
5
 10
2
Putting  = 4
x 2 + y2 – 2x – 4y = 0
PART - II
Section (A) :
A-1.
diameter = 4 2
r= 2 2
A-6.* Let equation of required circle is
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
it passes through (1, –2) & (3, –4)
2g – 4f + c = –5
6g – 8f + c = –25
4g – 8f + 2c = –10
6g – 8f + c = –25
–2g + c = 15
circle touches x-axis g2 = c  g2 – 2g – 15 = 0
g = 5, – 3
g = 5, c = 25, f = 10  x2 + y2 + 10x + 20y + 25 = 0
g = –3, c = 9, f= 2  x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y + 9 = 0

Section (B) :
B-1. Point on the line x + y + 13 = 0 nearest to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y – 5 = 0 is foot of  from centre
x2 y3   2  3  13 
= = –  = –4
1 1  12  12 
x = –6 y = –7
B-3. Let slope of required line is m
y – 3 = m(x – 2)
 mx – y +(3 – 2m) = 0
length of  from origin
=3
 9 + 4m2 – 12m = 9 + 9m2
12
5m2 + 12m = 0  m = 0, –
5
Hence lines are y – 3 = 0  y = 3
12
y–3=– (x – 2)  5y – 15 = –12x + 24  12x + 5y = 39.
5
B-5. Line parallel to given line 4x + 3y + 5 = 0 is 4x + 3y + k = 0
This is tangent to x2 + y2 – 6x + 4y – 12 = 0
12  6  k
=5
5
6 + k = ±25  k = 19, –31
Hence required line 4x + 3y – 31 = 0, 4x + 3y + 19 = 0
B-9. As we know
PA.PB = PT2 = (Length of tangent)2
Length of tangent = 16  9 = 12
B-10. Let any point on the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + p = 0 (, )

This point satisfies 2 +  2 + 2g + 2f + p = 0
Length of tangent from this point to circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + q = 0
length = S1 =  2   2  2g  2f  q = qp
Section (C) :
C-2. Required point is foot of 
x 3 y 1 658
= = –  = –1
2 5  4  25 
x = 1, y = 4
C-4.* Let point on line be
(h, 4 – 2h) (chord of contact)
hx + y (4 – 2h) = 1
 1 1
h(x – 2y) + 4y – 1 = 0 Point  , 
2 4
Section (E) :
E-1. Let required circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Hence common chord with x2 + y2 – 4 = 0
is 2gx + 2fy + c + y = 0
This is diameter of circle x2 + y2 = 4 hence c = –4.
Now again common chord with other circle
2x(g + 1) + 2y(f – 3) + (c – 1) = 0
This is diameter of x2 + y2 – 2x + 6y + 1 = 0
2(g + 1) – 6(f – 3) + 5 = 0
2g – 6f + 15 = 0
locus 2x – 3y – 15 = 0 which is st. line.
E-2. Common chord of given circle
6x + 4y + (p + q) = 0
This is diameter of x2 + y2 – 2x + 8y – q = 0
centre (1, –4)
6 – 16 + (p + q) = 0
 p + q = 10
EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
3. Equation of circle whose diameter's end points are (a, b) and (h, k)
(x – a) (x – h) + (y – b) (y – k) = 0
x2 + y2 – x(a + h) – y(b + k) + ah + bk = 0
it touches x-axis.
2
ah
Hence g2 = c    = ah + bk
 2 
 (h – a)2 = 4bk
 Locus of (h, k) is (x – a)2 = 4by.
5. As we know if two lines are 

m1m2 = –1
 k    
    = –1
 h 
 2 – k = –2 + h
Locus of (, ) is x2 + y2 = xh + yk
 b
6.  2h  a,   lies on circle
 2
b
2(2h – a)(2h – 2a)  (–2b) = 0
2
4(h –a)(2h – a) + b2 = 0
8h2 – 12ah + 4a2 + b2 = 0
D>0
144a2 – 4 × 8 (4a2 + b2) = 0
9a2 – 8a2 – 2b2 > 0  a2 > 2b2
9.
Let required equation of circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

Now common chord of given circle with required circle are
Common chord 2gx + 2fy + (c + 4) = 0 it is also diameter of circle x2 + y2 = 4. Hence c = –4
similarly with x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 10 = 0  2x(g + 3) + 2y(f + 4) – 14 = 0
 6(g + 3) + 8(f + 4) – 14 = 0
 6g + 8f + 36 = 0
 3g + 4f + 18 = 0
With circle x2 + y2 + 2x – 4y – 2 = 0  2x (g – 1) + 2y(f + 2) – 2 = 0
 –2(g – 1) + 4(f + 2) – 2 = 0
 –2g + 4f + 8 = 0
 2g – 4f – 8 = 0
after simplification g = –2, f = –3, c = –4
Hence circle x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 4 = 0
13. 42 – 5m2 + 6 + 1 = 0
3  0 . m  1
 (3 + 1)2 = 5(2 + m2)  = 5
 2  m2
Hence centre (3, 0), radius = 5
15. Equation of circle having centre (x 1, y1) and radius 'd'

(x – x 1)2 + (y – y1)2 = d2
x 2 + y2 = a2
Equation of common chord
2xx 1 + 2yy1 – x 12 – y12 – a2 + d2 = 0
2xx 1 + 2yy1 – 2a2 + d2 = 0
PART - II
 1
1. Point  t,  lies on x 2 + y2 = 16
 t
1
t2 + = 16  t4 –16t2 + 1 = 0 ........(i)
t2
If roots are t1, t2, t3, t4 then
t 1t 2t 3t 4 = 1 .........(ii)
 1 0  c
5. = 2  c – 1 = ±2  c = –1, 3
2
But c = –1 common point is one
c = 3 common point is infinite
Hence c = –1 is Answer.
8. Equation of chords of contact from (0, 0) & (g, f)

gx + fy + c = 0
gx + fy + g(x + g) + f(y + f) + c = 0
2
g  f2  c

gx + fy + =0
2
g2  f 2  c
Distance between these parallel lines =
2 g2  f 2
11.
(x + g)(x – 2) + (y + f)(y –1) = 0

(h  2)2  (k  3)2
12. cos /3 =
5
Locus (x + 2) + (y – 3)2 = 6.25
2
14.
4
slope of C1C2 is tan = –
3
By using parametric coordinates C2 (± 3 cos  , ± 3 sin )
C2 (± 3 (–3/5) , ± 3 (4/5)
C2 (± 9/5 ,  12/5)
20. (x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y – 12) + (4x + 3y – 6) = 0

This is family of circle passing through points of intersection of circle
x2 + y2 – 6x – 4y – 12 = 0 and line 4x + 3y – 6 = 0
other family will cut this family at A & B.
Hence locus of centre of circle of other family is this
common chord 4x + 3y – 6 = 0
16 x 64 y
22. Let any point P(x1, y1) to the circle x2 + y2 – + =0
5 15
16 64
x12 + y12 – x1 + y =0
5 15 1
Length of tangent from P(x1, y1) to the circle are in ration
24 32
x12  y12  x1  y1  15
S1 5 5
= 48 64
S2 x12  y12  x1  y1  60
5 5
16 64 24 32
x1  y1  x1  y1  15
5 15 5 5
= 16 64 48 64
x1  y1  x1  y 1  60
5 15 5 5
 24 x1  32 y 1  225
=  96 x 1  128 y1  900
 24 x 1  32 y 1  225 1
= 4( 24 x1  32 y1  225 ) = 2
24. Two fixed pts. are point of intersection of

x 2 + y2 –2x –2 = 0 & y=0

Point x 2 – 2x – 2 = 0
(x – 1)2 – 3 = 0
 x –1 = 3, x–1=  3
(1  3 , 0) (1  3 , 0)
4C  3C  12
25. =C  C = 1, 6
5
EXERCISE # 3
Match the column :
1. (A) S1 – S2 = 0 is the required common chord i.e 2x = a

2
x
Make homogeneous, we get x2 + y2 – 8.4 =0
a2
As pair of lines substending angle of 90° at origin
 coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = 0
 a=±4
(B) y = 22 3 (x – 1) passes through centre (1, 0) of circle
(C) Three lines are parallel
(D) 2(r1 + r2) = 4

( 3 , 2)
r1 + r2 = 2
r1  r2
=1
2
Comprehension # 2 (6 to 8)
6. PQC1 and PRC2 are similar
2
Area of PQC1 r1 9
Area of PRC 2 = r2 2 = 25
7. Let mid point m(h, k). Now equation of chord
T = S1
hx + ky + 3(x + h) = h2 + k2 + 6h
it passes through (1, 0)
h + 3(1 + h) = h2 + k2 + 6h
locus x2 + y2 + 2x – 3 = 0
But clear from Geometry it will be arc of BC
8. Common chord of S1 & answer of 7
4x + 3 = 0  x = –3/4
2
 3  81
at x = –3/4    3  + y2 = 9  y2 = 9 –
 4  16
63 3 7
y2 = y=±
16 4
3 7
4 3 7 3
Hence tan  = =  tan  =
(1  3 / 4) 7 7
1
10. Statement-1 is true and statement-2 is false as radius =  2  2
2
11. Statement-1 : There is exactly one circle whose centre is the radical centre and the radius equal to the length
of tangent drawn from the radical centre to any of the given circles.
Statement-2 is True But does not explain Statement-1.
13. (0, 0) & (8, 6) lie on the director circle of x2 + y2 – 14x + 2y + 25 = 0

so  –  = 0
6  5  18
16. P= = 29
29
r2 = p2 + 32 = 38  r = 38
19. x2 + y2 – 8x – 12y + p = 0
Power of (2, 5) is S1 = 4 + 25 – 16 – 60 + P = P – 47 < 0  P < 47
Circle neither touches nor cuts coordinate axes
g2 – c < 0  16 – p < 0  p > 16
f2 – c < 0  36 – p < 0  p > 36
taking intersection P  (36, 47)
EXERCISE # 4
PART - I
1. The lines given by x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 are x = 2 and x = 6.

The lines given by y2 – 14y + 45 = 0 are y = 5 and y = 9
Centre of the required circle is the centre of the square.
 Required centre is
26 59
 ,  = (4, 7).
 2 2 
2. Clearly from the figure the radius of bigger circle
r2 = 22 + {(2 – 1)2 + (1 – 3)2}
r2 = 9 or r = 3
3. The equation of circle having tangent 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 at (1, – 1)

 (x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + (2x + 3y + 1) = 0
x 2 + y2 + 2x( – 1) + y(3 + 2) + ( + 2) = 0 ... (i)
equation of circle having end points of diameter (0, – 1) and (–2, 3) is
x(x + 2) + (y + 1) (y – 3) = 0
or x 2 + y2 + 2x – 2y – 3 = 0 ... (ii)
since (i) & (ii) cut orthogonally
2(2 – 2) 2(3  2)
 .1  (– 1) =  + 2 – 3
2 2
 2 – 2 – 3 – 2 =  – 1
 2 = – 3   = – 3/2
 from equation (i), equation of required circle is
2x 2 + 2y2 – 10x– 5y + 1 = 0
4. (h  0)2  (k  1) 2 = 1 + |k|
or
 h2 + k2 – 2k + 1 = 1 + 2|k| + k2
 h2 = 2|k| + 2k  x2 = 4y if y > 0 & x = 0 if y  0
5. Clearly P is the incentre of triangle ABC.

 ( s  a)(s  b)(s  c )
r= =
s s
Here 2s = 7 + 8 + 9  s = 12
5.4.3
Here r= = 5
12
6. Statement-1 is true because point (17, 7) lies on the director circle and Statement-2 is equation of director circle
of given circle.
1
7. 18  (3 )(2r )  r = 6
2
2r
Line, y =  (x – 2) is tangent to circle

(x – r)2 + (y – r)2 = r2
2 = 3r and r = 6
r=2
8. (ax2 + by2 + c) (x2 – 5xy + 6y2) = 0  x = 3y or x = 2y or ax2 + by2 + c = 0

If a = b and c is of opposite sign, then it will represent a circle
Hence (B) is correct option.
P
9*. PS . ST = QS . SR
Now HM < GM
2 Q
s
R
 < PS . ST
1 1
 T
PS ST
1 1 2
 + >  B is correct and A is wrong.
PS ST QS . SR
Now QR = QS + SR
Applying AM > GM
QS  SR
> QS . SR
2
4 2
QR > 2 QS . SR 
QR PS . ST
1 1 2 4
  > PS . ST > QR  D is correct and C is wrong
PS ST
 ‘B’ and ‘D’ are correct.
10.
Let G () be the centre of C

3 3
= – 1. cos 30 = 3
2
3
= – 1 . sin 30 = 1
2
 equation of C is
(x – 3 )2 + (y – 1)2 = 1
11.
FGD = DGE = 120°  F = ( 3 , 0) and
 3 3
GF = GE = GD = 1 E =  , 
 2 2 
3  3 
12. Slope QR = 3  equation of QR is y – = 3  x 
2  2 
y= 3x and slope of RP = 0
 equation RP is y = 0
6
13. The distance between L1 and L2 is <2
13
Statement ‘1’ is True because distance between lines is less than radius but L2 need not be a diameter.
Statement ‘2’ is False because if
L1 is diameter then L2 has to be a chord of circle
Thus ‘C’ is correct

14. For required circle, P(1, 8) and O(3, 2) will be the end points of its diameter.
 (x – 1) (x – 3) + (y – 8) (y – 2) = 0  x2 + y2 – 4x – 10y + 19 = 0
15. (r + 1)2 = 2 + 9
r2 + 8 = 2
 r2 + 2r + 1 = r2 + 8 + 9
2r = 16
r=8
16. Since distance between parallel chords is greater than radius, therefore both chords lie on opposite side of
centre.
 
2 cos + 2 cos = 3 +1
2k k

Let =
2k
 2 cos  + 2 cos 2 = 3 +1
 2 cos  + 2 (2 cos2 – 1) = 3 +1  4 cos2 + 2 cos  – (3 + 3)=0

2
 cos  =
 2  4  16(3  3 )
=
 2  2 1  12  4 3
=
 1  12  1 =
 1  (2 3  1)
2( 4) 2( 4) 4 4
 3  ( 3  1)
 cos = , Rejected
2k 2 2
 
 =  k=3  [k] = 3
2k 6
17. Let equation of circle is

x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
as it passes through (-1,0) & (0,2)  1 – 2g + c = 0
and 4 + 4 f+ c =0
5
also f2 = c  f = –2, c= 4 ; g =
2
 equation of circle is
x2 + y2 + 5x – 4y + 4 =0
which passes through (–4, 0)
18. 2x – 3y = 1, x2 + y2  6
 3   5 3   1 1   1 1 
S   2, ,  , ,  ,  ,  , 
 4   2 4   4 4   8 4 
( ) ( ) ( ) ( V )
Plot the two curves
I, III, IV will lie inside the circle and point (I, III, IV) will lie on the P region
if (0, 0) and the given point will lie opposite to the line 2x – 3y – 1 = 0
 3 1 1  1 1
P(0, 0) = negative, P  2,  = positive, P  ,   = positive P  ,  = negative
 4 4 4 8 4
5 3
P  ,  = positive , but it will not lie in the given circle
2 4
 3 1 1
so point  2,  and  ,   will lie on the opp side of the line
 4   4 4 
 3 1 1
so two point  2,  and  ,  
 4 4 4
 3 1 1
Further  2,  and  ,   satisfy S1 < 0
 4 4 4
19. Circle x2 + y2 = 9
line 4x – 5y = 20
 4t – 20 
P  t, 
 5 
equation of chord AB whose mid point is M (h, k)
T = S1
 hx + ky = h2 + k2 ........(1)
equation of chord of contact AB with respect to P.
T=0
 4t – 20 
tx +  y = 9 ........(2)
 5 
comparing equation (1) and (2)
h 5k h2  k 2
 
t 4t – 20 9
on solving
45k = 36h – 20h2 – 20k2  Locus is 20(x2 +y2) – 36 x+ 45y = 0
Sol. 20 to 21
20.
B divides C1 C2 in 2 : 1 externally
 B(6, 0)
Hence let equation of common tangent is
y – 0 = m(x – 6)
mx – y – 6m = 0
length of r dropped from center (0, 0) = radius
6m 1
2 =2 m=±
1 m 2 2
 equation is x + y=6 or x – y=6
21. Equation of L is
x– +c=0
length of perpendicular dropped from centre = radius of circle
 =1  C = –1, –5
x– y = 1 or x – y=5
PART - II
1. S1 : (x – 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = r2 C1 (1, 3), r1 = r

S2 : x2 + y2 – 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 C2 (4, –1), r2 = 3
circles intersect |r1 – r2| < C1 C2 < r1 + r2
|r – 3| < 5 < r + 3
 |r – 3| < 5  –5 < r – 3 < 5  –2 < r < 8
5<r+3r>2
After intersection 2 < r < 8.
2. Point of intersection of 2x – 3y = 5
3x – 4y = 7 is (1, – 1)
Hence centre (1, –1), Area = 154 = r=7

equation of circle (x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 72
 x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y = 47.
3. Let centre of circle is (h, k) and it passes through (a, b)

equation of circle is (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = (h – a)2 + (k – b)2
This circle cuts x2 + y2 – 4 = 0 orthogonally
2g1g2 + 2f1f2 = c1 + c2
 2g1(0) + 2f1(0) = –(h – a)2 – (k – b)2 + h2 + k2 – 4
 2ah + 2kb –
Hence locus of (h, k) is 2ax + 2by – = 0.
4. Equation of circle
(x – p) (x – h) + (y – q) (y – k) = 0
 x2 + y2 – x(h + p) – y(q + k) + (ph + qk) = 0
This circle touches x-axis g2 = c
 = ph + qk
Locus of (h, k) is (x – p)2 = 4qy.
5. Point of intersection of 2x + 3y + 1 = 0
3x – y – 4 = 0 is (1, –1)
and circumference of circle = 2r = 10  r=5
Hence equation of circle (x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 25
 x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y – 23 = 0.
6. By family of circle x2 + y2 – 2x + (x – y) = 0
centre of this circle
lies on y = x  = =1
Hence x2 + y2 – x – y = 0.
7. Let S1 : x2 + y2 + 2ax + cy + a = 0
S1 : x2 + y2 – 3ax + dy – 1 = 0
common chord S1 – S2 = 0  5ax + y(c – d) + (a + 1) = 0
given line is 5x + by – a = 0
compare both = =
a= = –1 –
(i) (ii) (iii)

From (i) & (iii) a2 + a + 1 = 0  a = , 2 no real a.
8. Draw a line parallel to x-axis at a distance 2 unit.

Now by definition of parabola
locus of a point whose distance from a fixed point (0, 3)
is equal to its distance from a fixed line is a parabola.
9. Point of intersectionof lines

3x – 4y – 7 = 0
2x – 3y – 5 = 0 is (1, – 1)
Area of circle = r2 = 49   r = 7
Hence equation of circle (x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 72  x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y = 47
10. cos = =
Locus of (h, k) is x2 + y2 = .
11. Let equation of circle is (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = (h + 1)2 + (k – 1)2

it touches x-axis g2 = c
h2 = 2k – 2h – 2  k=
k  k .
12.
= – 1  h = –3
= –2  k = –4 Hence Q(–3, –4).
13. S1 + S2 = 0 should satisfy (1, 1)

(2 + 3 + 7 + 2p – 5) +  (1 + 1 + 2 + 2 – p2) = 0
=–
p2  6  p±
but at p = ± the 2nd circle is

2 2
x + y + 2x + 2y – 6 = 0
satisfies (1, 1) and obviously P and Q
so p = ± is also acceptable

–1  1  7 + 2p  6 – p2
p2 + 2p + 1  0
p–1
14. r= =5
 <5
– 25 < m + 10 < 25 – 35 < m < 15

15. x2 + y2 = ax ...........(1)
 centre c1 and radius r1 =
x2 + y2 = c2 .........(2)
 centre c2 (0, 0) and radius r2 = c
both touch each other iff
|c1c2| = r1 ± r2
 = ± |a| c + c2  |a| = c
16. Circle whose diametric end points are (1, 0) and (0, 1) will be of smallest radius.
(x – 1)(x – 0) + (y – 0) (y – 1) = 0
x2 + y2 – x – y = 0
17. Now
h2 = (1 – 2)2 + (h – 3)2
0 = 1 – 6h + 9
6h = 10
h=
Now diameter is 2h =
ADVANCE LEVEL PROBLEM

PART - I
1. x 2 + y2 – 5x + 2y – 5 = 0  + (y + 1)2 – 5 – –1=0
 + (y + 1)2 =
 So the axes are shifted to
New equation of circle must be x 2 + y2 =

2.
Equation of circum circle of triangle OAB x 2 + y2 – ax – by = 0.

Equation of tangent at origin ax + by = 0.
d1 = and d2 =
d1 + d2 = = diameter
3. Ler r be the radius of new circle

C 1C 2 = .
So r = 2
Slope of line joining C1 and C2 i.e. tan  = 2
 Equation of line joining C1 and C2 is
= =2+ =
x = 2 and y = 5  Centre (2, 5)
4.
Area of ABCD = 4 .
5. Equations of two circles touching both the axes are

x 2 + y2 – 2c 1 x – 2c 1y + c 12 = 0 .....(i)
x 2 + y2 – 2c 2x – 2c 2y + c 22 = 0 .....(ii)
 (i) & (ii) are orthogonal also  2c 1c 2 + 2c 1c 2 = c 12 + c 22
or 6c 1 c 2 = (c 1 + c 2)2 ....(iii)
Now point P(a, b) lies over the circle
x 2 + y2 – 2cx – 2 cy + c 2 = 0.
so c 2 – 2c(a + b) + a2 + b2 = 0  c 1 & c 2 are roots of this equation
so c 1 + c 2 = 2(a + b) ....(iv)
and c 1 c 2 = a2 + b2 ....(v)
from (iii), (iv) & (v), we get
6(a2 + b2) = 4(a + b)2.
6. Let two circles are S = 0 and S = 0
having radius r1 and r2 respectively.
 =
S  r12 = r22 S1
S1 – S  = 0  Locus of P(h,k)
S– S = 0 which represents the equation of a circle.

7.  tan 60º = =
 and
 sin 60º = =
Let coordinates of any point P on the circle be P  (r cos , r sin)

 PA2 = + (r sin)2
PB2 = (r cos )2 + (1 – r sin)2
PC2 = (r cos + )2 + (r sin)2
and PD = (r cos) + (r sin + 1)2
2 2
 PA2 + PB2 + PC2 + PD2 = 4r2 + 8 = 11  r=
8.   = tan–1  tan  =
 sin  = and cos  =
 A  (OA cos , OA sin )

 A  (3, 2)
Similarly B  (OB cos , OB sin )  (6, 4)
Now it can be checked that circles C1 and C2 touch each other.
Let the point of contact be C.
 C
 required radical axis is a line perpendicular to

AB and passing through point C
y– =– (x – 5)
9.  Equation of circle (x – 2)2 + (y + 2)2 + (x + y) = 0 ........(i)

 Centre lies on the x-axis
  = – 4 put in (i)
 equation of circle is x 2 + y2 – 8x + 8 = 0
(, ) lies on it
 2 = – 2 + 8 – 8  0
 greatest value of ‘’ is 4 + 2
10. Let ‘d’ be the common difference
 the radii of the three circles be 1 – 2d, 1 – d, 1
 equation of smallest circle is x 2 + y2 = (1 – 2d)2 ........(i)
 y = x + 1 intersect (i) at real and distinct points
 x 2 + x + 2d – 2d2 = 0 ....(ii)
 D>0  8d2 – 8d + 1 > 0
 d> or d <
but d can not be greater than
 d

11. Let the coordinates of P and Q are (a, 0) and (0, b) respectively
 equation of PQ is bx + ay – ab = 0 .......(i)
 a2 + b2 = 4r2 .....(ii)
 OM  PQ
 equation of OM is ax – by = 0 .......(iii)
Let M(h, k)
 bh + ak – ab = 0 ........(iv) and ah – bk = 0 .......(v)
On solving equations (iv) and (v), we get
a= and b =
put a and b in (ii), we get

(h2 + k 2)2 (h–2 + k –2) = 4r2
 locus of M(h, k) is (x 2 + y2)2 (x –2 + y–2) = 4r2
12. Equation of circle passing through (0, 0) and (1, 0) is
x 2 + y2 – x + 2fy = 0 .......(i)
 x 2 + y2 = 9 ......(ii)
(i) & (ii) touch each other.
so equation of Radical axis is x = 2fy + 9 ......(iii)
line (iii) is also tangent to the circle (ii)
 on solving (ii) & (iii), we get
(1 + 4f 2)y2 + 36fy + 72 = 0 .......(iv)
 D=0  f=± .
13.  a2– bm 2
+ 2d + 1 = 0 ......(1)
and a + b = d2 .......(2)
Put a = d2 – b in equation (1), we get
(d + 1)2 = b(2 + m 2)
 = ......(3)
From (3) we can say that the line x + my + 1 = 0 touches a fixed circle having centre at (d,0) and radius
=
PART - II
1. Let the circumcentre be P(h, k)
 Equation of AB is
a =
on solving
=  2(h + k) = +a
 locus of circumcentre P(h,k) is
2 (x + y)  a =
2. S1  x 2 + y2 = a2
S2  x 2 + y2 = b2
S3  x 2 + y2 = c 2
equation of 1 is ax cos  + ay sin  = b2
1 is tangent to circle S3

c= ca = b2 Hence a,b,c are in G.P.
3. Equation of circle touching y - axis is

x 2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + f 2 = 0  it passes through (4, 3) & (2, 5)
so 25 + 8g + 6f + f 2 = 0
29 + 4g + 10f + f 2 = 0
solving above two equations, we get
(g, f) (–2, – 3) & (– 10, – 11).
So equations of circles are x 2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + 9 = 0 and x 2 + y2 – 20x – 22y + 121 = 0
for circle x 2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + 9 = 0.
tan  = =
So tan  is max at k = 3.
at k = 3, tan  = 1  = 45°
4. 1  4x + 3y = 10
2  3x – 4y = – 5
Let  be the inclination of 2
 tan  =
 equation of 2 in parametric form
= =±5
co-ordinates of centres are (5, 5), (–3, –1)

5.  centre lies over the line 2x – 2y + 9 = 0
So let coordinate of centre be
Let the radius of circle be 'r'

So equation of circle is
(x – h)2 + = r2
x 2 + y2 – 2hx – y(2h + 9) + 2h2 + 9h – r2 + =0

 given circle cuts orthogonally to x 2 + y2 = 4
so 2h2 + 9h + – r2 = 0 or 2h2 + 9h – r2 = –
so equation of required circle can be written as x 2 + y2 – 2hx – y (2h + 9) + 4 = 0
(x 2 + y2 – 9y + 4) + h (–2y – 2x) = 0
so this circle always passes through points of intersection of x 2 + y2 – 9y + 4 = 0 and x + y = 0
so fixed points are (–4, 4) and
6. Centre of C1 lies over angle bisector of 1 & 2

Equations of angle bisectors are
=±

x = 5 or y = –
Since centre lies in first quadrant
so it should be on x = 5.
So let centre be (5, )
3 =  = 2, – From the figure r =
But – so = 2.

So equation of cirlce C2 is
(x – 5)2 + (y – 2)2 = 52
x 2 + y2 – 10x – 4y + 4 = 0.
7. OA = a and AQ = QP = QR
OQ =
AQ = = PQ
(OA)2 = (OQ)2 + (AQ)2
a2 = 2 +  2 + (p – )2 + (q – )2
22 + 2 2 – 2p– 2q+p2+q2 – a2 = 0.
Locus of the middle point Q (, ) is
2 x 2 + 2y2  2 p x  2 q y + p2 + q2  a2 = 0
8. Let the equation of required straight line be y = mx + c.
 = .....(i)
For PCM = tan 2.

 PM = 5cot 2 .....(ii)
For PQM = PM sin (90 – )
 = cos 
on solving, we get = 30°

Equation of tangent at P(– 2, – 2) is
3x + 4y + 14 = 0.
tan 60° =
 m=
Now on substituting value of 'm' in equation (i), we get
c= or
but c should be (–ve)
So equation of line y= x+

9. Let the centre of the circle be (h, k) and radius equal to ‘r’
 h2 + k 2 = r2 ......(i)
and =r
 2–h–k=r .....(ii)
and h = 1 – r .......(iii)
put h = 1 – r in (ii), we get k = r (1 – )+1
Now put the values of h and k in (i), we get
(r (1 – ) + 1)2 + (1 – r)2 = r2
r2 (3 – 2 )–2 r+2=0
hence radius i.e. r is the root of the equation (3 – 2 ) t2 – 2 t+2=0
10. Let the equation of the circles be x 2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + d = 0 .......(i)

 these circles pass through (0, a) and (0, –a)
 a2 + 2fa + d = 0 ......(ii)
and a2 – 2fa + d = 0 ......(iii)
solving (ii) and (iii), we get f = 0, d = – a2
put these value of f and d in (i), we get
x 2 + y2 + 2gx – a2 = 0 ......(iv)
y = mx + c touch these circles  =
 g2 + (2cm) g + a2 (1 + m 2) – c 2 = 0 ......(v)
equation (v) is quadratic in 'g'
 Let g1 and g2 are its two roots
 g1g2 = a2 (1 + m 2) – c 2
 the two circles represented by (iv) are orthogonal
 2g1g2 + 0 = – a2 – a2  g1g2 = –a2
 2 2 2
a (1 + m ) – c = – a 2
c 2 = a2 (2 + m 2) Hence proved
11. Let OAB =  and OAB = 
 += and OBA = 

 length of AB is ‘a’ and length of AB is ‘b’
 from the figure
A (b cos , 0) and A(a cos , 0)
similarly B(0, a sin ) and B (0, b sin )
Let c(h, k) be the centre of circle
 2h = a cos  + b cos 
 = –
 2h = a cos  + b sin  ........(i)
and 2k = a sin  + b sin 
 = –
 2k = a sin  + b cos  ........(ii)
on solving (i) and (ii), we get cos  = and sin  =
 sin2  + cos 2  = 1
 locus of C(h, k) is (2ax  2by)² + (2bx  2ay)² = (a²  b²)²

12.  One circle lies within the other circle C1C2 < |r1 – r2|
 <
squaring both sides, we get
– 2gg1 < – 2 – 2c
 gg1 > c + .
 gg1 – c > . ......(i)

 gg1 – c > 0  gg1 > c
again squaring both sides of (i), we get
–2cgg1 > – c (g2 + g12)
 c(g – g1)2 > 0
 c > 0 and from (i), we can say that
 gg1 will also be > 0
MATHEMATICAL REASONING, INDUCTION & STATISTICS

EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-1. By definition of 'statement'.
A-7. The negation of ‘’Everyone in Germany speaks German’’ is - there is at least one person in Germany who does
not speak German.
A-10. Statement (A) All prime numbers are even.

Statement (B) All prime numbers are odd.
Both false
A-12. If it is a holiday as well as sunday than also the office can be closed.
A-13*. Polygon cannot be both concave and convex
A-16. Obvious
A-19. (~ T F) ~T T
 (F F) F T  F F T  F T
A-21. p q means(i) p is sufficient for q (ii) q is necessary for q (iii) p implies q (iv) if p then q (v) p only if q
Section (B) :
B-3. Contrapositive of (p q) r is ~ r  (p q)
B-4.

Section (C) :
C-2. x1 + x2 + ...... xn = nM
 (x1 + x2 ..... + xn) – xn + x = nM – xn + x
so
average = .
C-5. Average speed over the entire distance =
= =
C-7. =
C-10. – , – 3,  – ,  – 2,  – , + ,  + 4,  + 5 ( > 0)
C-12. =
.(2n–1) =
C-14 Frequency of f = 10C5 which has maximum value
Section (D) :
D-2. 34, 38, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54, 55, 63, 70
median = = 47
= 13 + 9 + 5 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 7 + 8 + 16 + 23 = 86
so mean diviation about median = = 8.6
D-5. new =
= = odd
D-8. = = 60
= = = 10.4

D-9. = Now =
new = = .
D-11. = 250
= =5
coeff. of variation = = 10%
Section (E) :
E-4*. Let n = 1 then p(A) = 64
Let p(k) is divisible by 64
32k + 2 – 8k – 9 is divisible by 64
Now,
P(k + 1) = 32(k + 1) + 2 – 8(k + 1) – 9
= 32k + 2 × 9 – 8 × k × 9 – 9 × 9 – 8 + 72 + 64 k
= 9(32k + 2 – 8k – 9) + 64 (k + 1)
Which is divisible by 64
E-6. Let p(n) = n3 + (n + 1)3 + (n + 2)3 , p(A) = 36, p(B) = 99 both are divisible by 99
Let it is true for n = k
k3 + (k + 1)3 + (k + 2)3 = 9q ; q 
adding 9k2 + 27k + 27 both sides
k3 + (k + 1)3 + (k + 2)3 + 9k2 + 27k + 27 = 9q + 9k2 + 27 k + 27
(k + 1)3 + (k + 2)3 + (k + 3)3 = 9r ; r 
1. If p then q means p only if q
2. If p then q  p is sufficient for q
3. p is false, q is false so p  q is true.
  A.M. = = 12
= = =3
coeff. of variation = = × 100

MATCH THE COLUMN
1. (A) =5+ = 15
Md = x 11 + 10 = = 10 + 10 = 20
variance remains unaffected on addition of a constant
(B) =5+ = 5 + 10 = 15
Md = x 11 = 10
(C) Mean and median get multiplied by 2 and variance by 22
(D) = = 16
Md = x 11 + 11 = 10 + 11 = 21
variance remains unaffected on addition of a constant
EXERCISE # 2
4.
7.
9. (p q) [~ p (p ~ q)]
= (p q) [(~ p p) (~ p ~ q)]
= (p q) [t (~ p ~ q)]
= (p q) (~ p ~ q)
= (p q) [ ~ ( p q)] = t
also (~p q) t = t
12. (p  q)  ~p = (p ~ q)  (q  ~p)
= t  (q  ~p) = q  ~p = ~p  q
15. p : it rains
q : crops will be good
S1 : p  q , S2 : ~p S : ~q
Not valid
17. p : it rains tomorrow

q : I shall carry my umbrella
r : cloth is mended
P : p  (r  q)
Q : p  ~r
S : ~q
P : T, Q : T S:T
 S not valid

18. S.D.(xi) = S.D. (xi – 8) = = =2
20. n = 200, mean = 40 =  = 8000
 correct = 8000 – 34 + 43 = 8009  correct mean = = 40.045
Also 2 = –  225 = – 1600
 x2 = 36500
 correct = 36500 – (34)2 + (43)2 = 365693
 correct 2 = – (40.045)2
= 1828.465 – 1603.603   = 14.995
21.
2 =
= = 1.2
so variance of A = 1.2 < 1.25 = variance of B

so more consistent team = A
22. 2 = = =9
 coefficient of variation = = 25
26. (i) Given statement is true for n = 1

(ii) Let us assume that the statement is true for n = k
i.e. 1.3 + 2.32 + 3.33 +.......+ k.3k =
(iii) For n = k + 1,
L.H.S. = 1.3 + 2.32 + 3.33 +.......+ k.3k + (k + 1) 3k+1
= + (k + 1) 3k+1 = = R.H.S.
so by principle of mathematical induction the statement is true for all n  N

EXERCISE # 3
PART - I
MATHEMATICAL REASONING :
1. r : x is a rational number iff y is a transcendental number

 r = ~p q
Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is false.
2.
3. Statement-1 :
Statement-2 : False.
4. Negation of  Q is ~
It may also be written as ~
5.
6. Let p : I become a teacher

q : I will open a school
Negation of p  q is ~ (p q) = p ^ ~ q
i.e. I will become a teacher and I will not open a school.
STATISTICS :
7. Let average marks of the girls = x
= 72  x = 65
8. No change  median is 5th observation (If observation are in asending order)

9. Correct variance = –
= 222 – 144 = 78.00
10. If we change scale by using x + h then median increases by h. so median is not independent of change of scale.
From histtegranm we can see highest frequency so made.
11. =0
= a2  S.D. = |a| = 2
12.
so median = 22 = , mode = 24
13. 2  0
 0  0  n  16
14. Variances remain uneffected by adding some constant to all observations

so VA = VB so VA/VB = 1
15. Let no. of student = 100 number of boys = n,
= 50  n = 80
so 80%
16. =6a+b=7 ...(1)
= 6.80  (a – 6)2 + (b – 6)2 = 13
solve a = 3, b = 4
17. Statement-1 : – = –
= (2n + 1 – 3)
Statement-2 : Obvious
18. = = 1 + 50d
Mean deviation = =
= = 225  = 225
 .d = 255  d = 10.1

19. x2 = 4  – =4
 – (2)2 = 4  = 40
similarly = 105
 2 = – = – = 5.5
20. Median = 25.5 a
Mean deviation about median = 50  = 50
 24.5 a + 23.5a + ..... + 0.5a + 0.5a + .... + 24.5a = 2500
 a + 3a + 5a + ..... + 49a = 2500  (50a) = 2500  a = 4
21. Correct mean = observed mean + 2

30 + 2 = 32
Correct S.D. = observed S.D. = 2
22. A.M. of 2x1, 2x2 ..... 2xn is
= =
So statement-2 is false
variance (2xi) = 22 variance (xi) = 42
so statement-1 is true.
MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION :
23. Put k = 1
LHS 1 RHS = 4
LHR  RHS
Let S(k) is true
then 1 + 3 + 5 +....(2k – 1)
= 3 + k2
add (2k + 1) both the side
1 + 3 + 5 +.... + (2k – 1) + (2k + 1)
= 3 + k2 + 2k + 1
S(k + 1) = 3 + (k + 1)2
then if S(k) is true S(k + 1) is also true.
24. For n  2
n2 + n < n2 + n + n + 1
n2 + n < (n + 1)2
statement -2 is true
  >
> , > .... .   + +...... 

ADVANCE LEVEL PROBLEM
1. Statement p  q and its contrapositive ~q  ~p are logically equivalent and give same meaning.
2.
3.
4.
5. p : Wages will increase

q : there is an inflation
r : cost of living will increase
A:p q
B:qr
C:p
S: r
A : T, B : T C : T  S:T
 S valid
6. Here = = 8 +12 + 13 + 15 + 22 = 70
& = 64 + 144 + 169 + 225 + 484 = 1086
 2 = – = – = – = 21.2

7. If a  xi  b  a  b
xi –  b – a
(xi – )2  (b – a)2   n(b – a)2
so var(x)  (b – a)2
8. Total money per kg. = = so total kg per rupee = = 1.92
11. Let P(n) ; sin + sin2 + .......+ sin n = sin
P(A) is true
Let P(k) is also true
sin + sin2 + ..........+ sin k = sin
add sin(k + 1) both sides

sin + sin2 + ............+ sin k + sin(k + 1)
= sin sin cosec + sin(k + 1)
= sin = sin
= . cosec
 P(k + 1) is true
SOLUTION OF TRIANGLE
EXERCISE # 1
PART - I
Section (A) :
A-1. (i) L.H.S. = a sin (B – C) + b sin (C – A) + c sin (A – B)

= k sin A sin (B – C) + k sin B sin (C – A) + k sin C sin (A – B)
= k (sin2 B – sin2 C) + k (sin2C – sin2 A) + k (sin2 A – sin2 B)
= 0 = R.H.S.
(ii) L.H.S. =
first term = =
= k 2 sin (B + C) sin (B – C)
= k 2 (sin2 B – sin2 C)
Similarly = k 2 (sin2 C – sin2 A)
and = k 2 (sin2 A – sin2 B)
 L.H.S. = k 2 (sin2 B – sin2C + sin2C – sin2A + sin2 A – sin2 B)

= 0 = R.H.S.
(iii) L.H.S. = 2bc cos A + 2ca cos B + 2ab cos C
= b2 + c 2 – a2 + a2 + c 2 – b2 + a2 + b2 – c 2
= a2 + b2 + c 2
= R.H.S
(iv) L.H.S. = a2 – 2ab
= a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
= a2 + b2 – (a2 + b2 – c 2)
= c 2 = R.H.S.
(v)  L.H.S. = b2 sin 2C + c 2 sin 2B
= 2b2 sin C cos C + 2c 2 sin B cos B
= 2k 2 sin2 B cos C sin C + 2k 2 sin2 C sin B cos B (b = ksin B, c = ksin C)
= 2k 2 sin B sin C [sin B cos C + cos B sin C]
= 2(k sin B) (k sin C) sin (B + C)
= 2bc sin A
(vi)  R.H.S =  c = a cos B + b cos A,
b = c cos A + a cos C
= =
= = L.H.S.
A–4.  =
 sin(B + C) sin(B – C) = sin(A + B) sin(A – B)

 sin2 B – sin2 C = sin2 A – sin2 B
 2 sin2 B = sin2 A + sin2 C
 2b2 = a2 + c 2  a2, b2, c 2 are in A.P.
A–7.  x 3 – Px 2 + Qx – R = 0
 a2 + b2 + c 2 = P
a 2b 2 + b 2c 2 + c 2a 2 = Q
a2b2c 2 = R  abc =  + + = [a2 + b2 + c 2] =
Section (B) :
B–1. (i) L.H.S. = 2a sin2 + 2 c sin2

= a(1 – cos c) + c(1 – cos A)
= a + c – (a cos C + c cos A)
= a+c–b
= R.H.S.
(ii)  L.H.S. = + +
= . + . + .
= = .

(iii) L.H.S. = 2bc(1 + cos A) + 2ca(1 + cos B) + 2ab(1 + cos C)
= 2bc + 2ca + 2ab + 2bc cos A + 2ca cos B + 2 ab cos C
=2 + a2 + b2 + c 2 = (a + b + c)2
= R.H.S.
(iv)  L.H.S. = (b – c) + (c – a) + (a – b)
 (b – c) cot = k(sin B – sin C)
= 2k cos sin
= 2k sin sin
= k [cos C – cos B]
similarly (c – a) cot = k[cos A – cos C]
and (a – b) cot = k[cos B – cos A]

 L.H.S. = k[cos C – cos B + cos A – cos C + cos B – cos A]
=0
= R.H.S.
(v) L.H.S. = 4 (cot A + cot B + cot C)
= 4
= 2bc cos A + 2 ca cos B + 2ab cos C

= a2 + b2 + c 2 = R.H.S.
(vi) L.H.S. = cos . cos . cos
= =  = R.H.S.
B–3.
Let ADB = 
 we have to prove that tan =

if we aply m – n rule, then
(1 + 1) cot= 1.cot C – 1.cotA.
= – = –

=
= [2(a2 – c 2)]
 2cot =  tan =
Section (C) :
C–2. (i) r. r1 .r2 .r3 = = 2
(ii) r1 + r2 – r3 + r = 4R cosC
L.H.S. =
= =
=c =
 cos C =
 L.H.S. =
= = = 4RcosC
(iii)  L.H.S. =
= [s 2 + (s – a)2 + (s – b)2 + (s – c)2]
= [4s 2 – 2s(a + b + c) +a2]
= = R.H.S.
(iv)  L.H.S. =

= (s + s – a + s – b + s – c)2 = 4 =
 R.H.S. =
= · (s – a + s – b + s – c) = =
(v)  =
= =
= =
= = =r
similarly we can show that = =r
C–4.   = 24 sq. cm .... (i)

2s = 24  s = 12 .... (ii)
 r1, r2, r3 are in H.P.
 are in A.P..
   are in A.P..
 a, b, c are in A.P.  2b = a + c
 2s = 24
 a + b + c = 24
3b = 24
 b=8  a + c = 16
But  =   =
24 × 24 = 12 × (12 – a) × 4 × (12 – c)  2 × 6 = 144 – 12 (a + c) + ac
12 = 144 – 192 + ac
 ac = 60 and a + c = 16
 a= 10, c = 6 or a = 6, c = 10 and b = 8
Section (D) :
D–1. (i)  = ,= , =  =
R.H.S. =

=
=  L.H.S. = R.H.S.
(ii) = = =
R.H.S. = =
=
L.H.S.= R.H.S.
PART - II
Section (A) :
A–4.  (a + b + c) (b + c – a) = kbc  (b + c)2 – a2 = kbc
b2 + c2 – a2 = (k – 2) bc  = = cos A
 In a ABC –1 < cos A < 1  –1 < <1

0 < k < 4.
Section (B) :
B–2.  b cos 2 + a cos 2 = c.  b +a = c.
 [ s – a + s – b] = c  ×c= c
 =  a + b = 2c
 a, c, b are in A.P.
B–5.  = (a + b – c) (a – b + c)
 = 4(s – c) (s – b)  =
 tan =  tan A =  tan A =
B–6*. (A)  tan = cot .........(i)
 tan2 = = =
 tan =  a = 5 and b = 4
 from equation (i), we get
= cot  = cot  cot =

 cos C = = = =
 cos C =  c 2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C  c=6
(B), (C)  Area = ab sinC  cosC =  sinC = =
Area = ×5×4×
Area = sq. unit.  From Sine rule
= =  sinA = =
 sinA =
Section (C) :
C–3. =
=4
= .
C–5*. (A)  + +
= + +
(B)  + +
= + + =
(C) = =  cot A = cot B = cot C
 A=B=C
true for equilateral triangle only
(D) = =

 = =
 cot A = cot B = cot C  A = B = C  true for equilateral triangle only
Section (D) :
D–1. =2
D–4*.  a = cos
(A) correct
(B) incorrect
(C) = = = cos
(D)  cosec = . = . = cos
EXERCISE # 2
PART - I
3.
If we apply Sine-Rule in  ABD , we get
=  AB = = ...(i)
sin  = and cos  =
 from equation (i), we get
AB =  AB =
7.
required distance = inradius of  ABC

 2s =a+b+b+c+c+a
= 2 (a + b + c)
s=a+b+c
 =
=
 required distance
= = =
8. (i) L.H.S. = (r3 + r1) (r3 + r2) sin C
= sin C
= sin C
= sin C
= = 2 sr3
R.H.S. = 2r3
= 2r3 = 2sr3
 L.H.S. = R.H.S.
(ii) L.H.S. = –
=–
= = R.H.S.
(iii) First term = (r + r1) tan
= cot
= . .
=b–c
similarly second term = c – a & third term = a – b
 L.H.S. = b – c + c – a + a – b = 0 = R.H.S.

(iv)  r1 + r2 + r3 – r = 4R
 (r1 + r2 + r3 – r)2 = r12 + r22 + r32 + r2 – 2r (r1 + r2 + r3) + 2(r1r2 + r2r3 + r3 r1) ........(i)
 r(r1 + r2 + r3) = ab + bc + ca – s2
and r1r2 + r2r3 + r3r1 = s 2
 from equation (i)
16R2 = r2 + r12 + r22 + r32 – 2 (ab + bc + ca – s2) + 2s2
 r2 + r12 + r22 + r32 = 16 R2 – 4 s2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
= 16R2 – (a + b + c)2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
= 16R2 – a2 – b2 – c2
11. (i) EFA is a cyclic quadrilateral
 =A
 A = r cosec A/2
 EF = r cosec A/2.sin A
= 2 r cos A/2
similarly DF = 2 r cos B/2
and DE = 2r cos C/2.
(ii) ECD is a cyclic quadrilateral
 CE = DE =
similarly DF = BF =
 FDE = =
= –
(iii) area of DEF = FD . DE sin FDE
= 2r2 = 2r2
= = =
= =
= = .
PART - II
3.  ED = – c cos B
= –c
= –

=
5. f = RcosA , g = R cos B, h = R cosC.
+ + = + +
=2
=8 + + =
 = .8  =
9. MNA is a cyclic quadrilatral
 = A  MN = r cosec sin A = 2r cos
M = N = r
x= = , =
similarly y = and z =
 xyz = = = r2 R
12.  r1 + r2 =
 (r1 + r2) = =
= = = 4Rs 2
 =4
14.  A, C1 , G and B1 are cyclic

 BC1 . BA = BG . BB1
.c=
= (2c 2 + 2a2 – b2)
 c 2 + b2 = 2a2

16. a=1  2s = 6
2s = 2
R=1  = 2R  sin A =
A=
18.  sin C =  1  cos (A – B)  1
 cos (A – B) = 1 A–B=0 A=B
 sin C = =1  C = 90º
20. if we apply m-n Rule in  ABE, we get
(1+1) cot = 1.cot B – 1.cot 
2 cot = cot B – cot
3 cot = cot B
tan  = 3 tan B ..........(1)
Similarly, if we apply m-n Rule in  ACD, we get
(1+1) cot (–) = 1.cot – 1.cotC.
cotC = 3 cot  tan  = 3 tanC .......(2)
form (1) and (2) we can say that
tan B = tan C  B=C
A+B+C=
 A =  – (B + C)
=  – 2B B=C
 tan A = – tan2B
=– =–
 tan A =

22. r1 – r = – = = a tan
 (r1 – r) = abc tan tan tan
= abc  tan
= abc
= =
= = = 4Rr2
EXERCISE # 3
2. Match the column
(A) AA1 and BB1 are perpendicular
 a2 + b2 = 5c2
 c2 = =5  c = (
cos C = = =
sin C =  = ab sin C =
 2 = 11
(B)  G.M.  H.M.
(r1 r2 r3)1/3   (r1 r2 r3)1/3  3r   27
(C) tan2 = a = 5, b = 4 2s = 9 + c
= =  =  c2 = 36  c=6
(D) 2a2 + 4b2 + c2 = 4ab + 2ac.  (a – 2b)2 + (a – c)2 = 0 a = 2b = c
cos B = =
 8 cos B = 7

COMPREHENSION # 2 (Q. No. 7 to 10)
7. Clearly
8. Let  3 1 2 = 
Then angle of pedal trinagle =  – 2 = A
=
9. Side of pedal triangle = I2I3cos = BC
I 2I 3 =
I2I3 = 4Rcos
10. 1 = 4 R sin
I2I3 = 4 R cos  12 + 232 = 16R2
12. 1 2 = 4R cos if we apply Sine-Rule in  1 2 3 , then
2 Rex = =
2Rex = 4R Rex = 2R
  ABC is pedal triangle of  I1 I2 I3
 statement - 1 and statement - 2 both are correct and statement -2 also explains Statement - 1
14.  sin = =
similarly sin =
 3 sin – 4 sin3 =
 – =  r2 =  r = a. cm.
19. ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ...(1)
x2 + x +1=0 ...(2)
 roots of (2) are imaginary and a, b, c are real
 = = =k  cos C = = = C=

EXERCISE # 4
PART - I
1. We have a2  a2 – (b – c)2 = (a + b – c) (a – b + c)
2
 a  (2s – 2c) (2s – 2b) = 4(s – b) (s – c)
similarly b2  4 (s – c) (s – a)
and c 2  4 (s – a) (s – b).
Multiplying the above inequalities, we get
a2b2c 2  64 (s – a)2 (s – b)2 (s – c)2
 (a + b + c) abc  16 s (s – a) (s – b) (s – c) = 162
 
Equality occurs if and only if
(b – c)2 = 0
(c – a)2 = 0
and (a – b)2 = 0
i.e if and only if a = b = c.
2. (A) a, sin A, sin B are given one can determine
b= c= So the three sides are unique. So option (a) is incorrect option
(B) The three sides can uniquely determine a triangle.

So option (b) is incorrect option.
(C) a , sin B, R are given one can determine b = 2R sin B,
sin A = . So sin C can be determined. Hence side c can also be uniquely determined
(D) for a, sin A, R
= 2R
But this could not determine the exact values of b and c
3. n = 2n × area of OA11
 n = 2n × A11 × O1
×A
 n = n × sin × cos
 n = sin . .........(1)
On = 2n × area of  OB1O1
 On = 2n × × B1O1 × O 1O = n × tan × 1 = n tan
 On = n tan ......(2)
Now R.H.S. = =
= × 2 cos 2 = On. cos 2
= n tan .cos 2 = sin = n = L.H.S

4. Let angle of the triangle be 4x, x and x .
Then 4x + x + x = 180°  x = 30°
Longest side is opposite to the largest angle.
Using the law of sines
= 2R
 a = R, b = R, c =  2S =  =
5. Clearly the triangle is right angled. Hence angles are 30º, 60º and 90º are in ratio 1 : 2 : 3
6. Consider =
= = =
7. Clearly P is the incentre of triangle ABC.
r= =
Here 2s = 7 + 8 + 9  s = 12
Here r= =
8. = . b . b . sin 120º = b2 .........(1)
Also a= .........(2)
and  = and s = (a + 2b)
= (a + 2b) ..........(3)
From (1), (2) and (3), we get  =
9.* We have ABC = ABD + ACD
 bc sin A = c AD sin + b × AD sin
 AD =
Again AE = AD sec
= AE is HM of b and c.
EF = ED + DF = 2DE = 2 × AD tan = × cos an

× tan
= sin
As and DE = DF and AD is bisector AEF is isosceles.

Hence A, B, C and D are correct answers.
10. In  ABC , by sine rule
= =  C = 45º, C = 135º
When C = 45º  A = 180º – (45º + 30º) = 105º

When C = 135º  A = 180º – (135º + 30º) = 15º
Area of  ABC = AB . AC.sin BAC = ×4× sin (15º) = × =2
Area of  ABC = AB . AC .sinA = ×4× sin (105º) = 2
Absolute difference of areas of triangles = | 2 –2 |=4

Aliter
AD = 2 , DC = 2
Difference of Areas of triangle ABC and ABC = Area of triangle ACC
= AD × CC = ×2×4=4
12. cos B + cos C = 4 sin2  2 cos cos = 4 sin2
 2 sin =0
 cos – 2 cos =0 as sin 0
 – cos cos + 3 sin sin =0
 tan tan =
 =
 =  2s = 3a  b + c = 2a
 Locus of A is an ellipse
11. sin 2C + sin 2A = (a cos C + c cos A) = = 2 sin B = 2 sin 60º =
12. cos =
 =  (x2 + x + 1) = 2x2 + 2x – 1
 ( – 2) x2 + ( – 2) x + ( + 1) = 0
on solving
x2 + x – = 0 we get
x= + 1, –
 At x = – , Side c becomes negative.  x=
13. Area of triangle = ab sin C = 15
 . 6 . 10 sin C = 15  sin C =
 C= (C is obtuse angle )
Now cos C =
 – =  c = 14
 r= = =  r2 = 3
14. a = 2 = QR
b= = PR
c= = PQ
s= = =4
= = = = tan2
= = = =

PART - II
1. Let a = 3x + 4y, b = 4x + 3y and c = 5x + 5y
as x, y > 0, c = 5x + 5y is the largest side
  C is the largest angle. Now
cos C =
= <0
 C is obtuse angle  ABC is obtuse angled.
2. r1 > r2 > r3  > >
 s – a < s – b < s – c  –a < –b < –c; a>b>c
3. tan = ; sin =
r+R=  r+R= .cot
4. a =
 =  a + b + c = 3b.
 a + c = 2b  a, b, c are in A.P.
5. AD = 4
 AG = ×4=
 Area of ABG = × AB × AG sin 30º
 = × × × =  Sin 60º =  AB = =
 Area of  ABC = 3(Area of  ABG) =
6. cos = =–   = 120º
7. C = /2
r = (s – c) tan  C = 90º
r = s – 2R
 2r + 2R = 2 (s – 2R) + 2R.
= 2s – 2R
= (a + b + c) –  C = 90º
=a+b+c–c
=a+b

8. are in H.P.
are in A.P.  a,b,c are in A.P.
9. = cos
Let cos = for some n  3, n  N
As    cos  cos  cos   
 3  n < 4, which is not possible

so option (2) is the false statement
so it will be the right choice
ADVANCE LEVEL PROBLEMS

PART - I
1. From figure, AD = c sin B
Hence number of triangle is 0 if b < c sin B
one triangle for b = c sin B
two triangles for b > c sin B
2. C = 60°
Hence c2 = a2 + b2 – ab
 = = 2 cos
3. Using properties of pedal triangle,

we have  MLN = 180° – 2A
 LMN = 180° – 2B
 MNL = 180° – 2C
Hence the required sum = sin2A + sin2B + sin2C
= 4sinA sinB sinC
4.
From figure, we can observe that OGD is directly similar to PGA

5. BD = s – b, CE = s – c and AF = s – a
Hence BD + CE + AF = s
6. 
 , as cos = cos
 A = B, in either case
7. ,
Using cosine rule in ABO, we get
h=
8. In ABD,
Comprehension # 1
9. + + = b sin B + c sin C + a sin A =
 k = 2R
10.  cot A + cot B + cot C = (b2 + c2 – a2 + c2 + a2 – b2 + a2 + b2 – c2)
= (b2 + c2 + a2) =
= . =  k=
11. = =6
12.  PG = AD
= .ab sin C or
= b sin C (  = ac sin B)
 PG = ac sin B
= c sin B
13.  Area of GPL = (PL) (PG)
and Area of ALD = (DL) (AD)  PL = DL and PG = AD
 = = =
14.  Area of PQR = Area of PGQ + Area of QGR + Area of RGP ...(1)
 Area of PGQ = PG.GQ.sin(PGQ)
= × AD × BE sin ( – C)
= × × sin C
= × bc sin A × ac sin B × sin C
= sin A.sin B.sin C
Similarly Area of QGR = sin A.sin B .sin C and Area of RGP = sin A.sin B.sin C
 From equation (1), we get
Area of PQR = (a2 + b2 + c 2) sin A.sin B.sin C
15. In CDB , =
Also from same triangle =  BD =
16. cosAcosB + sinAsinBsinC = 1

 (cosA – cosB)2 + (sinA – sinB)2 + 2sinAsinB(1 – sinC) = 0
 A = B & C = 90°
 a:b:c=1:1:
17. We have
 a:b:c=5:4:3

18. from figure, OO = ON – ON = R –
ZO = ZM +
= RcosA +
from OZO, using Pythagorous theorem,
we get (R – )2 = (RcosA + )2 + 
PART - II
1. from ABC , =
 AB = 2Rsin(A + )
from ACB, =
 AC’ = 2Rsin( – A)
 BC = 2R(sin (A + ) – sin( – A))
= 4RcossinA = 2acos
similarly CA = 2bcos  area ABC =
= 4cos2.
2. c2 – 2bc cosA + (b2 – a2) = 0
c1 & c2 are roots of this quadratic equation
Hence (c1 – c2)2 + (c1 + c2)2tan2A = 4a2
3. Area =
= 2Rs

4. We know that OA = R, HA = 2RcosA and
applying Appoloneous theorem to AOH, we get

2.(AQ)2 + 2(OQ)2 = OA2 + (HA)2
 2.(AQ)2 = R2 + 4R2cos2A –
5.  = +
using sine rule, diameter of required circle
= = = 20
 radius = 10
6. L.H.S. = (a2 (b + c – a) + b2 (c + a – b) + c2 (a + b – c))
= abc
= 4R
7. from the parellelogram ABAC, AA = 21 ,

from AAC, AA < b + c
 21 < b + c ...(1)
similarly 22 < c + a ...(2)
and 23 < a + b ...(3)
(1) + (2) + (3) gives 1 + 2 + 3 < 2s
8. ZXY =
and
 Area of
2 A B C
= 2 R cos cos cos
2 2 2
1
 Area of ABC  ab sin C  2R 2 sin A sin B sin C
2
A B C R
 Area of XYZ = 2R2 cos cos cos = 2r 
2 2 2
9. Drop a perpendicular from the apex P to the base ABC.

The foot of perpendicular is at circum centre O of ABC
21
Using given data, we get BO  R 
2 5
from, right angle POB, we get
h  PO = PB 2  OB 2
= 8.83 m
10. from cyclic quadrileteral CQFP, we get
CQP  CFP  B
from cyclic quadriletral AQMF, we get
 FQM =  FAM = 90º – B
A
  AQM = 90º + 90º – B = 180º – B Q
E
M
 AQM  CQP  180 F
 P, Q, M are collinear N
similarly P, Q, N are collinear B C
P D
hence, P, Q, M, N are collinear

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CONTENT

1. Trigonometric ratio identities & Equations

5. Mathematical Reasoning, Induction & Statistics

© Copyright reserved 2012-13.

(– cos ) cos  (– cos ) cos 

cos A  sin A cos A  sin A 4 sin A cos A 2 sin 2A

C-9 tan tan(60° + ) tan(60° – ) = tan 3

D-3. (i) y = 10 cos2x – 6 sin cosx + 2 sin2x

= 4 cos 2x – 3 sin 2x + 6 – a 2  b 2  a cos + b sin  a2  b2

sin  – sin2  sin 

1 cos  sin   1 – cos 2  sin (1  sin  ) sin 

cos 3 A  sin3 A cos 3 – sin3 A

F-7. cos (S – A) + cos (S – B) + cos (S – C) + cos S

G-8. tan 2 tan  = 1  sin 2 sin  = cos 2 cos 

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 4

J-2. 5 sin  + 2 cos  = 5

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 5

 sin1 > sin1°

 cos1° > cos1

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 7

A tan 6 tan (60 – 6) tan (60  6)

A tan 18 . tan (60 – 18) tan (60  18) tan 54 

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 8

H-2. sin 7x + sin 4x + sin x = 0

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 9

xy xy 2ab

1  sin cos2 – cos sin2 

9. (i) tan9° – tan27° – tan 63° + tan81°

 sec 5 cos 40 

 2 sin 5º cos 5º sec 5º 2 sin 5º cos 5º cos 40 º 

= 2 2 (sin5º + 2cos45º + cos 35º – cos 25º + cos 45º)

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 11

9 tan 10 º–3 tan 3 10 º

 3 tan10º– tan3 10º 

19. 13  18 tan x = 6 tan x  3 ................(1)

23. a cos 2 + b sin 2 = c

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 13

cos A cos B cos C

cos A sin A  cos B sin B  cos C sin C

(cos 6 x  cos 4 x )  5 (cos 4 x  cos 2x )  10 (cos 2x  1)

2 cos 5 x cos x  5  2 cos 3 x cos x  10  2 cos 2 x

cos 5x  5 cos 3x  10 cos x

22. 2 cos x = 2  2 sin 2 x

25. 2 tan2 x – 5 sec x – 1 = 0  2(sec2 x – 1) – 5 sec x – 1 = 0

28. 4cos 3x – 4cos 2x + cos x – 1 = 0

29. h= {cos 2  cos 2  2 cos (   )} 2  {sin 2  sin 2  2 sin (  )} 2

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 16

So there are five solutions.

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 17

19. Statement-1 :  cos A cosec B cosec C

tan  tan  1  3 tan 2 

22. cos x . sin y = 1

24. log2 [cos2 (  )  cos2 (  )  cos 2 cos 2]

= log2 [cos2 (  )  1  sin2 (  )  cos 2 cos 2]

RESONANCE S OLUTIONS (XI) # 20

36. cos 20° + 2 sin2 55° – 2 sin 65°

3 sin   sin 3 3 cos   cos 3  

4 sin3  4 cos3  sin3  cos 3 

sin 3   sin   sin  cos  cos   cos  sin   cos 3 