kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple

fruit species

LUNAFULL*

ORANGE RUBIS® Couloumine*

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cane berries grapes

apricot
A pricot is native to northern China and was imported to Italy in the Roman era from Greece and
from Armenia.
Slightly over 50% of apricots are produced in the Mediterranean area. Italy is the most important
producer in Europe, with 230 million kg annually (24% of continental production), a number
which has been slowly but constantly increasing. The market has been stable in recent years and
production of high quality fruit has been profitable: important criteria include attractive appearance
and pleasant flavour. In recent years cultivars with extensive red coloration on the skin have become
more popular with consumers. Another important development is the extended harvest period which
today ranges from late May though early September. This effectively doubles the length of the apricot
season with respect to a few years ago and makes it possible to increase total production without
competing with traditional mid-season varieties. One negative aspect of many of the new cultivars is
self-incompatibility, once nearly non-existent. This requires the grower to plant at least two cultivars
with overlapping bloom to assure good fruit set. As a species, apricot isn’t well-adapted to restrained
pruning styles, due to its high vigour and the lack of dwarfing rootstocks. It tends to be grown
in more expansive tree forms, which reach full production earlier and are suitable for mechanical
harvest, given that large volumes of apricots are used in commercial processing. The “Catalan
vase” is a tree form produced by systemically pruning back shoots to 50 cm length during the first
few growing seasons. This reconciles the need to reduce tree height with the need for precocious
production. Green pruning of shoots can be done well mechanically (topping). In recent years
many new rootstocks have been introduced as alternatives to the traditional seedling Myrobalan
(Myrobalan clone 29/C, seedling peach Monclar and Rubira, seedling apricot Manicot, plum Penta,
Ishtara hybrids) which allow higher productivity, colour and fruit weight and permit apricots to be
grown in various soil types.

Rootstocks for apricot

rootstock origin vigour soil type advantages disadvantages
induced suitability
seedling Myrobalan seedlings of P. cerasifera high all soil types affinity, vigour, tolerant heterogeneity,
of active lime suckering
and waterlogging
Myrobalan 29C clonal selection high all soil types affinity, vigour, tolerant reduced
of P. cerasifera of active lime suckering
and waterlogging
Ishtara® Ferciana* complex interspecific medium-low moist fertile soils early fruiting, size sensitive to high
hybrid and color of fruit active lime
Adesoto® 101 Puebla* selection of medium replanting tolerates A. mellea low vigour
P. insititia in early years
Montclar® Chanturgue* peach seedling high poor soils affinity, high and only for varieties
uniform vigour, tolerant with med-low vigour
of active lime
peach interstock grafted high replanting, vigour, productivity physical
all soil types and quality incompatibility

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 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

Relative vigour of apricot rootstocks

100 100
95 95
90 90

80

70 70
65
60

50

40

30

20

10

0
ADESOTO® 101 ISHTARA® MONTCLAR® seedling MIRABOLANO 29C peach interstock
Puebla* Ferciana* Chanturgue* MIRABOLANO

CLIMATE Apricot has the problem of early SOIL

bloom which makes it more sus-
When dormant, apricots are cold- ceptible than other species to The large assortment of root-
tolerant enough to be cultivated in late frosts. stocks currently available allows
Val Venosta (Alto Adige) and, out- Breeding work over the last dec- the farmer to grow apricots in
side of Italy, in Germany, Poland, ades has substantially improved all soil types: loose-textured,
Hungary, and the Czech Repub- this characteristic and, generally, drought-prone, lime-rich (seed-
lic, though they prefer the Medi- recent varieties bloom later than ling apricot); medium-compact,
terranean climate where they pro- traditional ones so that they are lime-rich (Myrobalan); medium
duce up to their full potential in less susceptible to spring frost textured or loose, not too alka-
terms of quality and productivity. damage. line (peach seedling or Ishtara);
compact with risk of waterlog-
ging (plum).

ROOTSTOCKS

The introduction of new late-

ripening varieties now allows
the species to be cultivated in a
much wider geographical area.
Choice of rootstock is of critical
importance: it must be healthy,
compatible with the grafted culti-
var, adapted to the orchard’s soil,
able to give enough vigour to
achieve full production early and
to positively influence fruit qual-
ity. In recent years rootstocks are
used for resistance to diseases
that are becoming more com-
mon (phytoplasms, sharka and
bacterial infections).
The standards for rootstocks
today are clonal Myrobalan
29C and seedling Myrobalan,
LUNAFULL*, delayed vase, 2nd growing season known and used in all areas for

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grapes apricot

LUNAFULL*, delayed vase, 3rd growing season

their vigour, compatibility with well-coloured fruits. Since the used, and those most likely to
many cultivars and adaptability graft union between peach and find widespread use, are the
to a wide variety of soils. How- apricot has tissue discontinuity, delayed vase, the palmette and
ever, both have the defect of it is recommended that plants be the slender spindle. Other possi-
suckering. staked well (posts and wires) to bilities include the Catalan vase,
New rootstocks of interest in- avoid damage from strong wind. the pillar or the Y, either oriented
clude the interspecific hybrid along the row or perpendicular
Ishtara® Ferciana* and the to it.
Spanish plum Adesoto® 101 TRAINING The vertical wall forms are ap-
Puebla*. The former is inter- SYSTEMS propriate for fertile areas in the
esting for the reduction in tree foothills or plains with risk of late
vigour that it confers, making it Considering the location of the spring cold, while the vase forms
useful for high density orchards, orchard and the situation of are preferable in hilly areas where
in addition to improving fruit col- the farm, apricot may either be many orchard management op-
our and promoting earlier fruit grown in 3-dimensional training erations are difficult to mecha-
ripening. Adesoto® is a good systems or pruned to a vertical nize.
choice when there are prob- wall, due to the plasticity of this For all training styles, it is recom-
lems from frequent replanting of species. Among the most com- mended to prune using thinning
fruit species (it tolerates Armil- mon training systems presently cuts as opposed to heading cuts,
laria mellea). The seedling peach
Montclar® Chanturgue* is also
of interest: it is of widespread Training systems and tree density
use in France for its high vigour
particularly in poor soils. tree form/shape tree spacing (m) trees/ha
GF677 may also be used for vase variants 5-5,5 * 3-4 450-660
apricot with a peach interstock Catalan vase 4,5-5 * 2,5-3 670-890
to avoid problems of graft in- palmette 4-4,5 * 2,5-3 740-1100
compatibility. Characteristics of trellised Y 4-4,5 * 2-2,5 890-1250
GF677 include adaptability to all slender spindle 4-4,5 * 1,5-1,8 1230-1660
soil types, high vigour, coming perpendicular V or Y 5 * 1,5 1330
into production early with large, pillar 4-4,5 * 1-1,2 1850-2500

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 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

Degree of fertility and possibility of pollination between different varieties

POLLINIZER
Pricia
Tsunami
Primando
Aurora
Lunafull
Spring Blush
Primaya
Primaris
Primius
Rubista
Ninfa
Soledane
Bora
Pinkcot
Orange Prima
Priabel
Orange Rubis
Medaga
Big Red
Bella d'Imola
Mediabell
Goldrich
Boreale
Kioto
San Castrese
Palummella
Stella
Pieve
Portici
Bergeron
Faralia
Farely
Fartoly
Farbaly
Farhial
Farlis
Farius
Fardao
Farclo
CULTIVAR
Pricia
Tsunami
Primando
Lunafull
Spring Blush
Primaya
Primaris
Primius
Rubista
Ninfa
Soledane
Bora
Pinkcot
Orange Prima
Priabel
Orange Rubis
Medaga
Big Red
Bella d'Imola
Mediabell
Goldrich
Boreale
Kioto
San Castrese
Palummella
Stella
Pieve
Portici
Bergeron
Faralia
Farely
Fartoly
Farbaly
Farhial
Farlis
Farius
Fardao
Farclo

Legend self-compatible self-incompatible inter-compatible

leaving an intact shoot at the tip development of the structural be robust, have side branches at
of the branch (to exercise apical branches which will be the skele- 50 to 100 cm above the ground
dominance), in order to reach full ton of the tree when fully formed. and possess a well-developed
production rapidly. This involves The quality of the trees planted is root system. If this is not possi-
summer pruning to favour the of critical importance: they must ble, or if the planting site is hilly

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grapes apricot
with poor soil without available
irrigation water, it is preferable to
top the young trees at 70 cm or
prune all side branches back to
2-3 buds. Aside from the tradi-
tional vase with its 3-4 perma-
nent branches selected from
the shoots that grow under the
terminal cut, the delayed vase
and Catalan vase can be cho-
sen and trained as described for
peach.
Development of the main scaf-
fold is helped by green prun-
ing, the first round of which in
mid-May, to remove branches
that compete with the tips of
the growing scaffold branches
(suckers or forked tips). At the
end of the summer, various types
of renewal cuts may be made,
leaving for dormant pruning only
the thinning of fruiting wood and LUNAFULL*, slender spindle, 3rd growing season, tree spacing 4x1.5 m
spurs. With these multiple prun-
ing passes, it is not necessary to
use props, weights, stakes and cuts). In the first three years few tance, with preference for robust
wires to widen branch angles, cuts are necessary, only to thin trunks with side branches. With
which lowers costs. excessive fruiting wood. In the inferior quality young trees, side
Regarding the palmette, the spring and summer of the sec- branches are shortened to 2-3
techniques that allow an early ond year, if the plants are grow- buds without topping the main
formation of tree structure are ing vigorously, the branches for axis. Using summer pruning, the
described: the central leader of the third scaffold can be select- growth of the leader shoot and
the whip is not topped, either ed, thus completing the palmette basal scaffold are encouraged
with green or dormant pruning, structure in three years. by removing competitive upright
unless there aren’t sufficient side The slender spindle is suitable and excessively vigorous shoots,
shoots. Green pruning thins any for high-density orchards in fertile leaving only a single growing tip
excessive side shoots originat- plains. This training system ben- on the central leader and scaffold
ing from the trunk, leaving only efits from trellising. The structure branches. It is important to main-
the ones selected to form the consists of a basal scaffold with tain an open space of about 40-
palmette structure. With good 4-5 uniformly spaced branches 50 cm on the central leader right
quality trees, the first two scaf- at a height of about 70-90 cm. above the scaffold branches to
folds can be formed in the first These must not interfere with favour growth of fruiting wood off
growing season. These scaffolds mechanized operations such the scaffolds. At the end of the
must be tied to the trellis wires as harvest or thinning (the first first year fruiting wood is thinned
as early as possible for them to scaffold must be below the har- (dormant pruning) leaving ad-
grow at the desired angle. Only vest platform trailer). Above the equate space between fruiting
shoots pointed towards the out- basal scaffold the central leader wood on the central leader. On
side will be selected, removing all is left with well-spaced fruiting the scaffold branches, thinning
those which grow on the dorsal branches in order to favour light cuts are made to select lower-
side of the branch. The select- penetration. These branches angled shoots and open the
ed shoots will form the fruiting support the fruiting wood: spurs, canopy, eliminating upright or
branches. In the palmette it is hangers, twigs. Training is done hanging (shaded) shoots.
also important to leave an intact following the criteria described One variant of the slender spin-
shoot at the tip of the branches, above, with thinning cuts rather dle is the pillar, which is suit-
eliminating other branches that than heading cuts. Quality of the able for modern high-density
compete with them (thinning nursery trees is of critical impor- orchards in fertile soils with risk

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 17

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

LUNAFULL*

PRIMAYA*

of late spring cold. As with the tral axis is never headed at 70- of spring cold, permits the culti-
spindle, the pillar requires trel- 80 cm from the ground, as this vation of apricots in areas once
lis posts and wires to support would cause too much vigorous considered unsuitable, such as
trees as well as the irrigation/ growth unsuited to this pruning plains and low hills. The new va-
fertigation system. Low-medium form. In order to keep the fruit- rieties are generally very aestheti-
vigour rootstocks are appropri- ing wood near the central axis, cally pleasing, orange with red
ate for the pillar system, which in those cultivars which tend to overtones, usually of good flavour,
reduce plant size, allowing put out few side shoots, some but in some cases are partially or
better light penetration in the branches may be tipped early in totally self-incompatible, which
lower canopy, and encourage the seasons to promote growth necessitates planting pollinizers in
precocious bearing. The pillar from more buds. If the young the orchards. One option is plant-
structure is based on a central plants are started well, the pillar ing alternate rows (blocks of 2 or
axis which supports the fruiting form is nearly achieved by the 4 rows) of inter-compatible varie-
wood directly on it, or on short end of the second year, when a ties. Another possibility is to insert
branches, but without a basal renewal cut is made at the tip of individual pollinizer trees along
scaffold tier. Fruiting wood is the central axis to keep the tree the rows. A third way to increase
uniformly distributed through at the desired height. external pollen in the orchard is
the available space. For this taking branches from other trees
training system it is preferable during bloom and tying them to
to acquire young trees with side VARIETIES trees in the orchard with the cut
branches evenly spaced along end in a container of water so that
the central axis starting at 60- The introduction of new geno- they stay fresh. The choice of in-
80cm height from the ground. types, especially the addition of ter-compatible varieties is of fun-
Trees are permitted to grow late ripening and very-late ripen- damental importance in ensuring
freely, thinning only excessive ing cultivars, has dramatically high and stable production. The
fruiting wood when planted. If lengthened the harvest season. following table summarizes the
weak branches are present they Also, the existence of late bloom- degree of fertility and compatibility
are simply shortened. The cen- ing varieties which are tolerant of various cultivars.

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grapes apricot
Ripening dates of apricots (relative to San Castrese)
in Emilia-Romagna San Castrese ripens between June 25th and July 2nd
Variety May June July August
days with respect to San Castrese
-39 PRICIA*
-38 TSUNAMI® EA5016*
-35 PRIMANDO*
-33 LUNAFULL*
-31 SPRING BLUSH® EA3126TH*
-29 PRIMAYA*
-25 PRIMARIS*
-25 PRIMIUS*
-24 RUBISTA® E140*
-24 NINFA*
-18 SOLEDANE*
-15 BORA® BO 90610010*
-15 PINKCOT® Copty*
-13 ORANGE PRIMA® Coulouprima*
-10 PRIABEL*
-8 ORANGE RUBIS® Couloumine*
-6 MEDAGA*
-4 BELLA D'IMOLA
-4 BIG RED® EA4006*
-4 MEDIABELL*
-4 GOLDRICH (SUNGIANT)
-3 BOREALE*
0 KIOTO*
0 SAN CASTRESE
+1 PALUMMELLA
+6 STELLA*
+6 PIEVE*
+7 PORTICI
+11 BERGERON
+14 FARALIA*
+31 FARELY*
+35 FARTOLI*
+41 FARBALY*
+51 FARHIAL*
+56 FARLIS*
+57 FARIUS*
+61 FARDAO*
+65 FARCLO*

VARIETAL Tree: high vigour, upright growth habit. Overall: variety with traditional
DESCRIPTIONS Fruit: elliptical, intense yellow skin fruit type, good crop of large fruit,
with slight reddish blush, medium- suitable for industrial use.
BELLA D’IMOLA large size, average/fair flavour, tart
Ripening date: -4 San Castrese. skin, medium-firm aromatic flesh. BERGERON
Origin: Italy. Productivity and Fruiting: self-com- Ripening date: +11 San Castrese.
Proprietor: not covered by patents or patible, consistent producer on spurs Origin : Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d’Or,
licenses. and hangers. France.

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 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

Proprietor: not covered by patents or

licenses.
Tree: medium vigour, open growth
habit.
Fruit: oblong form, orange skin with
20-30% red blush, very good flavour,
sweet and aromatic.
Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
patible, fruits on hangers and twigs,
consistent production only in north-
ern Italy.
Overall: a variety for colder north-
ern areas, in which it reaches its
full potential in terms of fruit qual-
ity; its self-compatibility guaran-
tees adequate levels of produc-
tion.

BIG RED® EA4006*

Ripening date: -4 San Castrese.
Origin: Escande EARL, France.
Proprietor: Escande EARL, France.

FARALIA*

Tree: medium-high vigour, standard-

to-open growth habit.
Productivit y and Fruiting : self-
incompatible, fruits on all branch
types.
Fruit: medium-large size, round
shape, orange skin with 40-50% red
blush, firm sweet flesh, holds well
on tree.
Overall : interesting among the
early cultivars for yield and fruit
appearance, highly coloured and
holds well on tree; careful green
pruning needed to keep lower can-
opy well leafed.

BORA® BO 90610010*
Ripening date: -15 San Castrese
Origin: Bassi, Di.Pro.Ve., Milan, Italy
Proprietor: CRPV, Italy
Tree: medium-high vigour, standard-
upright growth habit.
Fruit: large size, oblong shape,
intensely orange skin; firm flesh,
keeps well; acidic skin, pleasant and
FARBALY* aromatic flavour.

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ORANGE PRIMA® Coulouprima*

Productivity and Fruiting: partially patible, consistent producer, fruits FARBALY*

self-fertile, bears mainly on spurs. mostly on spurs. Ripening date: +14 San Castrese.
Notable for good resistance to the Overall: Italian variety with con- Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France.
Sharka virus. sistent production, suited to all Proprietor: IPS, France.
Overall : variet y of interest for apricot-producing areas, requires Tree: high vigour, semi-erect growth
ripening date and fruit type, with moderate pruning to maintain habit.
large size and good flavour. Since fruiting on older wood. Fruit: medium-large, orange with
fruit holds well on the tree it may 30% red blush, sweet, tasty, firm
be har vested when thoroughly FARALIA* flesh, semi-cling.
ripe, when skin acidity is balanced Ripening date: +14 San Castrese. Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
by flesh sweetness. Very resistant Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France. patible, fruits on spurs and hangers,
to infection by the Sharka virus Proprietor: IPS, France. high and consistent yield.
(PPV). Tree: medium vigour, open growth Overall: very productive variety
habit. with large and attractive fruit; do
BOREALE® Fruit: large size, triangular form, not harvest early to avoid nega-
Ripening date: -3 San Castrese. orange with 30% bright red blush, tively impacting flavour, preco-
Or i gin : Daniele Bassi, DISAA, balanced flavour, fairly sweet, aro- cious bearing, potential for long
University of Milan, Italy. matic. post-harvest storage.
Proprietor: CRPV, Italy. Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
Tree : medium vigour, standard patible, fruits on spurs and hangers, FARCLO*
growth habit. consistent high yield across years. Ripening date: +65 San Castrese.
Fr ui t : oval-round, yellow with Overall: variety with high agro- Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France.
20-30% red blush, average flavour, nomic potential, precocious bear- Proprietor: IPS, France.
slightly acidic, aromatic, holds mod- ing, high potential for fruit size and Tree : high vigour, open growth
erately well on tree. quality, suited to all apricot-pro- habit.
Productivity and Fruiting: self-com- ducing areas. Fruit: medium size, orange with

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fruit species

FARTOLI*

PRICIA*

5-20% red blush, sweet with high size, good considering the late matu-
sugar content, elliptical form. ration date; early bearing with high
Productivit y and Fruiting : self- and consistent yield.
compatible, fruits on spurs and
hangers, high yield and precocious FARELY*
bearing. Ripening date: +31 San Castrese.
Overall: very productive variety Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France.
with attractive medium-sized fruit, Proprietor: IPS, France.
holds well on the tree, rapid evolu- Tree: medium-high vigour, tendency
tion of ripening both on tree and towards upright growth habit.
post-harvest. Fruit: medium size, oval, orange with Tree: high vigour, tendency for
30-40% red blush, nice firm flesh, upright growth.
FARDAO* good flavour, aromatic. Fruit: medium size, orange with
Ripening date: +61 San Castrese. Productivit y and Fruiting : self- 40-50% red blush, sweet with
Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France. incompatible, requires pollinizers and high sugar concentration, pleasant
Proprietor: IPS, France. may attain high yield, fruits on spurs aroma.
Tree: high vigour, tendentially upright and hangers. Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
growth habit. Overall: variety with high yield patible, fruits on spurs and hangers,
Fruit: medium size, orange skin with potential, withstands handling high yield, precocious bearing.
10-20% red blush; sweet flavour due to well, precocious bearing, high and Overall: very productive variety,
high sugar content, pleasant scent. consistent yield. with attractive and delicious fruit,
Productivity and fruiting: self-compa- medium but adequate size consid-
tible, fruits on spurs and mixed wood; FARHIAL* ering the late harvest date.
highly productive, early bearer. Ripening date: +51 San Castrese.
Overall: ver y productive variety, Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France. FARIUS*
with attractive sweet fruit, medium Proprietor: IPS, France. Ripening date: +57 San Castrese.

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FARLIS*
Ripening date: +56 San Castrese.
Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France.
Proprietor: IPS, France.
Tree: medium vigour, standard-open
growth habit.
Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
patible, fruits on spurs and hangers.
Fruit: large, round-oval, orange skin
with 30-40% bright red blush, firm
orange flesh, pleasant sweet aromat-
ic flavour.
Overall: apricot that ripens late
in the season, productive, with
at tractive and flavour ful fruit,
adapts well to diverse soil types.

FARTOLI*
Ripening date: +35 San Castrese.
Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France.
Proprietor: IPS, France.
Tree: medium-high vigour, semi-
open growth habit.

KIOTO*

Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France.

Proprietor: IPS, France.
Tree: high vigour, upright growth
habit.
Fruit: medium size, oval, orange with
5-10% red blush, sweet, excellent
flavour, firm flesh.
Productivit y and Fruiting : self-
compatible, fruits on spurs and
hangers, high yield and precocious
bearing.
Overall: very productive variety
with tasty fruit, medium but ade-
quate size considering the late
harvest date, withstands handling
well.

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fruit species

TSUNAMI® EA5016*

Fruit: large oval fruit, orange skin Proprietor: not covered by patents or KIOTO*
with 30% red blush, good flesh licenses. Ripening date: with San Castrese.
firmness, pleasing and aromatic fla- Tree: high vigour, upright growth Origin: Escande, France.
vour. habit. Proprietor: Escande E.A.R.L., France.
Productivit y and Fruiting : self- Fruit: oblong, large, intense yellow Tree : medium-low vigour, open
compatibile, fruits on spurs and without blush, flavour is good, tart growth habit.
hangers. skin. Fruit: round, medium size, orange
Overall: Variety comes into bear- Productivit y and Fruiting : self- skin with 30-50% red blush, aver-
ing early, with high yield potential; incompatible, yield can be increased age flavour, not acidic, keeps well
high quality fruit in terms of fla- to high levels with the presence of on tree.
vour and appearance. pollen from other varieties, fruits on Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
spurs and hangers. patible, consistent production, fruits
GOLDRICH (SUNGIANT) Overall: traditional type of apricot, on spurs and vigorous twigs.
Ripening date: -4 San Castrese. well-suited to cultivation on cen- Overall: very interesting mid-sea-
Origin: USDA and Washington State tral and northern Italy, producing son variety, consistent production
University, Prosser (Washington, USA). well on both hills and plains. thanks to its self-compatibility

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grapes apricot
PRIMARIS* MEDAGA*
Ripening date: -6 San Castrese.
Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France.
Proprietor: IPS, France.
Tree: high vigour, upright growth
habit.
Fruit: large, very attractive, orange
skin with 40-50% red blush, good
flavour, pleasant scent, very firm
flesh.
Productivit y and Fruiting : self-
incompatible, high yield/hectare if
pollinated well, fruits on spurs and
hangers.
Overall: variety with high yield
potential, requires good pollina-
tion, interesting for large fruit size
and blush colour.

MEDIABELL*
Ripening date: -4 San Castrese.
Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France.
Proprietor: IPS, France.
Tree: high vigour, open growth habit.

RUBISTA® E140*

and late bloom; fruit size can be

increased by pruning to encour-
age production on spurs and vig-
orous twigs and by thinning early;
well-suited to cold plains and to
high density plantings.

LUNAFULL*
Ripening date: -33 San Castrese.
Origin: Mario Gualandi, Italy.
Proprietor: Mario Gualandi within
Italy, Vivai F.lli Zanzi outside of Italy.
Tree: medium-high vigour, tendency
for open growth.
Fruit: slightly elongated, orange skin
with 20-30% red blush, very firm
flesh, juicy and flavourful (RSR 14°
Brix).
Productivit y and Fruiting : self-
incompatible, fruits mainly on spurs.
Overall: variety interesting for its
yield potential and fruit character-
istics: large size, intense and early
coloration, holds well on the tree,
tolerates handling well.

25

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

PINKCOT® Copty*

Fruit: large, attractive appearance, potential, especially when grown ORANGE RUBIS®
orange skin with 40-50% red blush, in greenhouses. Couloumine*
good flavour, firm and juicy fruit. Ripening date: -8 San Castrese.
Productivity and Fruiting: self-com- ORANGE PRIMA® Origin: Maillard, France.
patible, high yield/hectare, fruits on Coulouprima* Proprietor: Europépinières, France;
spurs and hangers, average bloom Ripening date: -13 San Castrese. exclusive international rights granted
intensity. Origin: Maillard, France. to Vivai F.lli Zanzi.
Overall: variety with notable yield Proprietor: Europépinières, France; Tree : high vigour, intermediate
potential, fruit interesting for large exclusive international rights granted growth habit.
size and high blush, balanced fla- to Vivai F.lli Zanzi. Fruit: oblong, attractive orange skin
vour. Tree : high vigour, intermediate with 30-40% red blush, very good
growth habit. flavour, aromatic, low acidity and
NINFA* Fruit : oblong, orange skin with high °Brix; skin neutral and fuzz-less,
Ripening date: -24 San Castrese. 20-30% red blush where exposed medium flesh firmness.
O r i g i n : Daniele Bassi, DISAA to sunlight, very good flavour, aver- Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
University of Milan, Italy. age flesh acidity, average skin acidity, patible, high and consistent yield;
Proprietor: CRPV, Italy. firm flesh, large fruit. fruits on all branch types, largest fruit
Tree: low vigour, open growth habit. Productivity and Fruiting: partially size on spurs.
Fruit: round, yellow with slight red self-compatible, high and consistent Overall: medium-early variety with
blush where exposed to sun, average yield, fruits on all branch types with potential for high and consistent
flavour, not juicy. largest fruit on spurs. yield, fruit with very good flavour
Productivity and Fruiting: self-com- Overall: early variety with high and attractive appearance, suit-
patible, high and consistent produc- and constant yield potential, pro- able for all areas where apricots
tion on spurs and hangers. duces at tractive and delicious can be grown; encourage produc-
Chilling requirement: low. fruit; it is advisable to encourage tion on spurs to achieve largest
Overall : variet y of interest in production on spurs to achieve fruit size by summer-pruning hang-
warmer areas where it reaches its best fruit size. ers back to 20-40 cm to slow plant

26 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes apricot
growth and stimulate the forma- Fruit: round, yellow-orange skin with and most attractive fruit. Suited
tion of side branches, which will 20-30% red blush, large size uniform for all areas in which apricots
be productive. through the canopy, average flavour, are grown, and for high density
skin slightly acidic. orchards..
PALUMMELLA Productivit y and Fruiting : self-
Ripening date: +1 San Castrese. incompatible, high yielding if polli- PORTICI
Origin: Neapolitan cultivar, locally nated thoroughly; fruits on all branch Ripening date: +7 San Castrese.
selected. types with exceptionally large fruit on Origin: selected in the area of Mt.
Proprietor: not covered by patents or spurs. Vesuvius, Italy.
licenses. O ver all : variet y with excep- Proprietor: not covered by patents or
Tree : high vigour, intermediate tional potential for high yield of licenses.
growth habit. large fruit; encourage fruiting on Tree: medium vigour, upright growth
Fruit: round-elongated, intense yel- spurs to attain highest qualit y habit.
low without blush, average flavour
and firmness.
Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
patible, fruits on spurs and hangers,
very productive.
Overall: consistently productive
variety suited to all areas where
apricots are grown ; traditional
fruit type, recommended only for
processing.

PIEVE*
Ripening date: +6 San Castrese.
Or i gin : Daniele Bassi, DISAA,
University of Milan, Italy.
Proprietor: CRPV, Italy.
Tree : high vigour, intermediate
growth habit.
Fruit: oval, intense yellow skin with
20-30% red blush, intense yellow
flesh, good flesh firmness and excel-
lent flavour, aromatic and sweet,
medium-large size.
Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
patible, fruits on spurs and hangers,
tree can be green-pruned and bent to
encourage early bearing.
Overall: very good variety which
matures at the same time as
P or tici, bu t is super ior wi t h
respect to fruit cracking and inter-
nal flesh browning, remarkable
flavour. It is advisable to favour
the growth of spurs in the training
phase, to attain higher quality and
larger size fruits.

PINKCOT® Copty*
Ripening date: -15 San Castrese.
Origin: Escande, France.
Proprietor: Escande EARL, France.
Tree: high vigour, tendency towards
upright growth. BIG RED® EA4006*

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 27

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

Fruit: medium size, oblong, intense

yellow with slight red blush where
PIEVE*
exposed to sunlight, very good fla-
vour, aromatic, non-acidic skin.
Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
patible, fruits on all types of branch-
es, high and consistent yield.
Overall: variety prized by the fresh
market for excellent organolep-
tic characteristics, adapted to all
areas where apricots are grown
and to various training systems;
fruit also suited for processing.

PRIABEL*
Ripening date: -10 San Castrese.
Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France.
Proprietor: IPS, France.
Tree: high vigour, semi-open growth
habit.
Fruit : round-oblong, large size,
orange skin with 30-50% red blush,
good flavour due to high sugars and
intense aroma, firm flesh, holds well
on tree.
Productivit y and Fruiting : self-
incompatible, requires pollinizers,
fruits on spurs and hangers, medi-
um-high yield.
Overall : variety of interest for
appearance, size and flavour of
the fruit; fruit hang well on the tree
due to slow maturation. High yield
if pollinated well.
Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France. Tree: high vigour, tendency toward
PRICIA* Proprietor: IPS, France. open growth.
Ripening date: -39 San Castrese Tree: medium vigour, open growth Fruit: elliptical, orange skin with
Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France habit. 30-50% red blush, sweet aromatic
Proprietor: IPS, France Fruit: round, symmetrical, intense flesh, withstands handling.
Tree: medium-high vigour, standard- yellow with 10-20% red blush on Productivit y and Fruiting : self-
upright growth habit. well-exposed fruit, flavour average, incompatible, fruits on spurs and
Fruit: large size, rounded-oblong non-acidic. hangers, yields well if adequately pol-
shape, intensely orange skin with Productivit y and Fruiting : self- linated.
50% red blush; firm flesh, holds well incompatible, requires pollinizers; Overall: early variety of interest
on tree; good aromatic flavour. fruits on spurs and hangers. for yield and appearance of fruit,
Productivity and Fruiting: self-fertile, Overall : super-early variet y of withstands handling, holds well
bears mainly on spurs. inter es t for colder ar eas, not on tree.
Overall : variet y of interest for well-adapted to warmer zones
very early ripening date, and fruit due to high chilling requirement. PRIMAYA*
type, with substantial blush and Attractive fruit form and colour; Ripening date: -29 San Castrese.
good flavour. Holds well on the withstands handling well. Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France.
tree considering the early ripen- Proprietor: IPS, France.
ing date. PRIMARIS* Tree: high vigour, upright growth.
Ripening date: -25 San Castrese. Fruit: round oblate, yellow-orange
PRIMANDO* Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France. with 30-40% red blush on well-
Ripening date: -35 San Castrese. Proprietor: IPS, France. exposed fruit, flavourful orange

28 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes apricot
FARDAO*

flesh is firm and withstands han- Productivity and Fruiting: self-com- Overall: cultivar of interest for
dling, patible, produces well on spurs and novel bright red fruit, good flavour
Productivit y and Fruiting : self- hangers. and aroma. Self-compatible, very
incompatible, consistent and poten- Overall: cultivar interesting for productive.
tially high yield if adequately pol- self-compatibility and consistent
linated; precocious bearing, fruiting production in the early season. SAN CASTRESE
concentrated on spurs and hang- Suited to all zones of apricot pro- Ripening date: on average June 30th
ers. duction. in northern Italy, June 20th southern
Overall: early variety with attrac- Italy.
tive fruit, withstands handling; RUBISTA® E140* Origin: selected in Naples, Italy.
interesting for yield potential and Ripening date: -24 San Castrese. Proprietor: not covered by patents or
for precocity of bearing. Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France. licenses.
Proprietor: IPS, France. Tree: high vigour, open growth habit.
PRIMIUS* Tree: medium vigour, standard- Fruit: round-oval, yellow without
Ripening date: -25 San Castrese. upright growth habit. blush, average flavour, non-acidic;
Origin: Marie-France BOIS, France. Fruit: elliptical, bright red over the holds relatively well on tree.
Proprietor: IPS, France. entire surface of the fruit, pomo- Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
Tree: medium vigour, standard- logical novelty, good flavour and patible, produces consistently on all
upright growth habit. aroma. types of branches.
Fruit: elliptical-oval, orange skin with Productivity and Fruiting: self-com- Overall: consistently productive
25-50% bright red blush, good fla- patible, produces well on spurs and variety suited for all areas of apri-
vour, aromatic. hangers. cot cultivation; traditional fruit

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 29

 kiwifruit apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor almond apple
fruit species

STELLA*
Ripening date: +6 San Castrese.
Origin: Mario Gualandi, Italy.
Proprietor: Mario Gualandi within
Italy, Vivai F.lli Zanzi outside of Italy.
Tree : medium vigour, standard
growth habit.
Productivity and Fruiting: self-com-
patible, produces well on spurs and
hangers.
Fruit: regular and round, uniform yel-
low-orange skin, good flavour.
Overall: interesting cultivar for
high and consistent yield (self-
compatibility) of attractive and
flavourful fruit; recommended as
pollinizer of Lunafull*.

TSUNAMI® EA5016*
Ripening date: -38 San Castrese.
Origin: Escande EARL, France.
Proprietor: Escande EARL, France.
Tree: medium-high vigour, standard-
upright growth habit.
Fruit: large, round-oval, orange skin
with 60-70% bright red blush, firm
and juicy orange flesh, pleasant
sweet (RSR 12-13°Brix) flavour.
Productivit y and Fruiting : self-
incompatible, fruits on spurs and
hangers.
FARLIS* Overall: the earliest apricot to
ripen, productive, attractive fruit
that hold well on the tree and toler-
type, recommended only for pro- tivar appropriate for cultivation ate handling, good flavour.
cessing. in warmer areas, where use of
greenhouses can force especially
SOLEDANE* early fruit ripening.
Ripening date: -18 San Castrese.
Origin: CEP Innovation, France. SPRING BLUSH® EA3126TH*
Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France. Ripening date: -31 San Castrese.
Tree : medium vigour, tendency Origin: Escande EARL, France.
towards open growth habit. Proprietor: Escande EARL, France.
Fruit: large, round, orange skin with Tree: medium-high vigour, standard-
red on the surface exposed to the upright growth habit.
sun; sweet and scented flesh, excel- Fruit: medium-large, round-oval,
lent flavour. orange skin with 30-50% red blush,
Productivit y and Fruiting : self- very firm flesh, holds well on tree,
compatible, fruits on spurs and pleasant tart flavour.
hangers. Productivit y and Fruiting : self-
Overall: interesting in the early incompatible, fruits on spurs and
season for yield and fruit appear- hangers.
ance, very good fruit that tolerate Overall: interesting in the early
handling and hang well on the season for yield and fruit appear-
tree. Low-chilling requirement of ance, fruit hold well on tree and
around 250 hours makes this cul- tolerate handling.

30 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

 walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes apricot
Nutritional measures to improve the production
of Stone Fruits (apricot)

Pink shoot tips Flowering Full bloom Petals fall Fruit growth Turning point Maturation

soil application

FUNGICROPS 4 l/ha
Cleans the lymphatic vessels and increases the radical absorption.

40 l/ha 40 l/ha
IDROL-VEG Stimulates vegetative development and improves the Iron Stimulates the fruits growth making them larger and uniform
absorption

EVOL 30 l/ha per 1-2 times for the fruit enlargement. Improves the
preservation and the shelf-life

foliar application

3 kg/ha Biostimulant, enhances the vegetation growth. 3 kg/ha

LEVO-ENERGY Prevents and cares from frost and spring stress Improves the fruit development and the resistance to high
  temperatures. It increases the brix degree

ENERFOL 3 kg/ha
8-10-45 Improves the fruit quality and colour

IDROL-VEG 3 l/ha
Improves the absorption and the effectiveness of pesticide treatments (acid pH)

EVOL 5 l/ha by 3-6 times for the fruit enlargement. Improves the preservation
and the shelf-life. Reduces the fruit weight loss

For further information please contact our Technical Department

L.E.A Srl Tel.+39 059 86.38.811 Fax +39 059 86.38.017 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.leaagricoltura.it

Pest and disease management for apricot

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes
THROUGH SWOLLEN

30-50 g/tree for prevention

END OF DORMANCY

PREVENTION AND CHELATED IRON EDDHA 6,2% 60-150 g/tree for treatment
TREATMENT OF FERRIC
CHLOROSIS CHELATED IRON EDDHA 5,5% 40-80 g/tree for prevention
80-200 g/tree for treatment
BUDS

SHOTHOLE
(Corineum beijeinkii)
BACTERIAL CANKER COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 600-700 g/hl
(Xanthomonas pruni,
Pseudomonas syringae)

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

BROWN ROT IN FLOWERS CYPRODINIL 37,5%+FLUDIOXONIL 25% 30 g/hl
THROUGH PETAL
PINK BUTTON

AND BRANCHLETS
(Monilia laxa) CYPRODINIL 50% 30 g/hl
FALL

SAN JOSÉ SCALE

(Comstockaspis
perniciosa) JUVINAL 10 EC PYRIPROXYFEN 10% 40 g/hl Add Mineral Oil.
WHITE PEACH SCALE
(Pseudaulacaspis
pentagona)

Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

WEEDS (BROAD-LEAVED DIQUAT 17% 3,3 - 5 l/ha
AND GRASSY ANNUALS AND
PERENNIALS) Dosage depends both on
sensitivity of the weed
GLIFOSATE 27,9% 1,5-8 l/ha species and on the type of
equipment used.
continues on page 33

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 31

 APRICOT_VISION©
for non-destructive detection of internal and external quality

AL
INTERNTS
DEFE C

AL
INTERNITY
QUA L

An invaluable technology for export of apricots

SIZE

COLOR
AL
EXTERNTS
DE F E C

“WE BUILD” INNOVATION!

to give RESULTS!

UNITEC S.p.A.
Via Provinciale Cotignola, 20/9
48022 - Lugo (RA) Italy
tel. +39 0545 288884
Email: [email protected] www.unitec-group.com
 walnut pear peach bush and
cane berries plum table
grapes apricot
continued from page 31

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

APHIDS
(Myzus persicae, Aphis PIRIMICARB 17,5% 200 g/hl
THROUGH EARLY FRUIT GROWTH

gossypi)

EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 0,95% 250-300 g/hl

PEACH TWIG BORER 20 ml/hl
(Anarsia lineatella) CORAGEN CHLORANTRANILPROLE 18,4%
PETAL FALL

LASER SPINOSAD 44,2% 20-30 ml/hl

THRIPS LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 9,48% 15-20 ml/hl

(Trips major,
Taeniothrips
meridionalis) LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 1,47% 100-130 ml/hl

PEACH SCAB
(Cladosporium SULFUR 80% 200-300 g/hl
carpophilum)

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 0,95% 250-300 g/hl
EARLY FRUIT GROWTH
THROUGH VERAISON

PEACH TWIG BORER

(Anarsia lineatella), CORAGEN CHLORANTRANILPROLE 18,4% 20 ml/hl
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH LASER SPINOSAD 44,2% 20-30 ml/hl
(Cydia molesta)
FOSMET 17,7% 300 ml/hl
SAN JOSÉ SCALE
(Comstockaspis
perniciosa) JUVINAL 10 EC PYRIPROXYFEN 10% 40 g/hl Add mineral oil.
WHITE PEACH SCALE
(Pseudaulacaspis
pentagona)

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 9,48% 20-25 ml/hl
MEDITERRANEAN
FRUIT FLY LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 1,47% 130-170 ml/hl
(Ceratitis capitata)
TREBON UP ETOFENPROX 30% 50 ml/hl
PRE-HARVEST

PEACH TWIG BORER EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 0,95% 250-300 g/hl

(Anarsia lineatella),
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH
(Cydia molesta) LASER SPINOSAD 44,2% 20-30 ml/hl

CYPRODINIL 60 g/hl
BROWN ROT OF FRUIT 37,5%+FLUDIOXONIL 25%
(Monilia fructigena,
Monilia laxa) PYRACLOSTROBIN 60-75 g/hl
SIGNUM 6,7%+BOSCALID 26,7%

Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

WEEDS (BROAD-LEAVED AND DIQUAT 17% 3,3 - 5 l/ha
GRASSY ANNUALS
Dosage depends both on
AND PERENNIALS) sensitivity of the weed
GLYPHOSATE 27,9% 1,5-8 l/ha species and on the type of
equipment used.

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

SHOTHOLE
(Corineum beijeinkii)
LEAF 600-700 g/hl
BACTERIAL CANKER COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32%
DROP (Xanthomonas pruni,
Pseudomonas syringae)

PRODUCTS OF THE SYNGENTA GROUP ARE IDENTIFIED WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE LOGOS.
THE FOLLOWING TABLES INCLUDE CROP PROTECTION PRODUCTS AUTHORIZED IN ITALY AT THE DATE THIS DOCUMENT WAS CREATED.

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 33

SCOVA IMPIANTI is a manufacturer with over 50 years' experience in the irrigation field.
Thanks to its vast technical, commercial and design experience, combined with the constant search for
improvements, today SCOVA IMPIANTI can guarantee optimum system operation, economy and reliability.
Design customisation, care in the choice of materials as well as in system installation, coupled with
fast technical assistance response, give us the confidence to offer that quality, which is a must for any
irrigation system.
Considering that water in agriculture is precious and having to meet the ever-changing needs of
agricultural producers, we stress the importance of an irrigation system designed to meet individual
requirements.
An irrigation system designed by professionals may prove to be a winner upon system purchase
and, most of all, its use: supplies the plants with the right level of humidity thus avoiding water stress.
It allows ensuring a higher output and quality, avoiding water and energy waste as well as saving
operating costs and workmanship.

The choice of the irrigation system will !!depend

on the type of orchard, the characteristics of the
soil and the water quality.

Types of systems

Different types of stationary irrigation systems are used for orchards:

a) Under canopy > drip irrigation

> microsprinkler
b) Over canopy > Impianto a pioggia/aspersione

Pumping

Filtering
system

Fertigation
Automation & control units
Installation & assistance
 DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Micro-irrigation system with low flow rate and low
operating pressure. It allows the water location near
the roots and lengths up to 500/600 meters can be
reached in self-compensated driplines and work in
areas with steep slopes.
A drip irrigation system must be adapted to the type
and plant layout of the crop. The principle of drip
irrigation consists in humidification of the strip of land,
which stands for about 30-40% of the area actually
occupied by the roots, leaving the soil completely dry
between the rows.
The advantages of drip irrigation are as follows:

* Strips of non-irrigated land allowing the farmer to

Drip irrigation systems are nowadays the perform manual and mechanical works at any time,
better and more efficient irrigation method, even during irrigation.
able to offer farmers yields and savings in
labour and energy and a more rational use * Improvement of plant health thanks to foliage kept
of water and fertilisers. dry.

* Prevention of disease and weed increase.

* Possibility to get yield using even moderately

brackish water.

* Use of a lower amount of water per area unit and

less water loss by evaporation or scrolling.

* Slow and homogeneous distribution that prevents

runoff and is not affected by the wind.

UNDER CANOPY SPRINKLER

IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Micro-irrigation system characterised by higher
flow rates than drip irrigation, with water
distribution on a wider surface, particularly
suitable for plants with a large root system.
Particularly beneficial in stony or very sandy
soils.

Somefeatures of this system:

1) Medium-low flow rates (40/90 l/h for a singular

sprinkler depending on the required precipitation
rate and plant layout)
2) Partial coverage of the soil.
3) Operating pressure between 1.5 and 3.0 bar.
 SPRINKLING AND OVERCANOPY ANTI-FROST
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
This irrigation system, with special arrangements,
can also be used for protection against late frosts
by irradiation/radiation. This technique consists in
keeping the temperature on the plants at 0° C.

This type of system is switched on when the wet

bulb thermometer reaches 0.5 °C.

The irrigation is interrupted only when the

temperature rises above 2 °C, with a progressive
increase of at least 2 °C per hour, which corresponds
to the phase in which the ice becomes opaque The crop protection takes place with a precipitation
(because of the trapped air) and begins to detach rate between 4 and 6 mm/hour.
from the plant organs.
The features of these sprinklers are:
1) High flow rate from 900 to 1,400 l/h per hectare
2) Total coverage of the soil.
3) Ice production on the plat surface.
4) Operating pressure between 3.0 and 5.0 bar.

Advantages of the system:

* Dual function of irrigation and anti-frost.
* Often used to wash the plant.

PUMPING STATIONS

Scova Impianti manufactures equipment for

pumping water from:

*** Artesian wells by installing electric submersible

or vertical pumps driven by diesel engine.

*** Canals or lakes using monoblock electric pumps

or diesel pump units. Trailer-mounted pump

Vertical electric pumps

Electric submersible pump

Floating pump station Motorpump unit installation
 FILTERING SYSTEMS
The operation is based on the centrifugal force
The choice of the filtering system is generated by the particular internal shape that
essential for a correct management of an pushes the solid particles towards the cone walls
irrigation system. that run from the top to the bottom of the filter.
Here those particles are collected in a container
while the clean water exits through an outlet in the
upper part.
The choice of the filtering system type requires
a careful analysis of the irrigation system
considering:
*Type and quality of water to be filtered
* Required pressure and flow rate
*Type of irrigation system
In most of the cases, a combination of more than a
Disc filter
single type of filter is required.
Hydrocyclone Screen filter
Quartzite filters
Screen and disc filters
Particularly suitable for the filtration of suspended
solids, organic material (microorganisms, algae and These filters with automatic backwash are often
mucilage) or oxidised iron and magnesium present used instead of quartzite filters whereas those
in surface waters such as channels, rivers, lakes, with manual backwash are used when the water
storage tanks or other open sources. is not particularly dirty or as safety filters after an
The backwash can be performed in manual or automatic filtering system.
automatic mode managed by a battery powered
control unit.

Automatic self-cleaning screen filters

The installation of an automatic washing system

increases the filter operation and filtration capacity
and, as a consequence, the efficiency of the
connected irrigation system.

Quartzite filter battery

Cyclone filters also called hydrocyclones,

centrifugal separators, vortex filters or sand
separators

The cyclone filters proved to be the most suitable

for the separation of sand and solids in water from
wells.
Quartzite filter automation
 FERTIGATION
Fertigation plays a primary role in the context of the Electric pumps
irrigation system and allows a quality and quantity
Available in a wide range of flow rates and features.
production increase through a homogeneous
distribution of fertilisers. Advantages: suitable for the automation of fixed
installations.
The system must be chosen according to the
fertiliser state (liquid or solid), the availability of
a power supply source, the need for a portable
system and the available flow rate.
Fertigation unit
Fertilisers can be released in the line in various
ways. The more common are:

By-pass pressure tank based on the “Venturi

principle”
Suitable for: small systems with no power source.

Advantages: portability and versatility

Fertilizer tanks

By-pass tank Venturi In addition to the more traditional injection systems

mentioned above, there are other fertigation
Venturi Injector systems more advanced from a technological
point of view. These completely preassembled
By using the Venturi principle to create vacuum, the
fertiliser is sucked and conveyed in the irrigation systems are called “fertigation stations or units”
water. and allow full control of the system by monitoring
parameters of flow rate pH and/or conductivity.
Advantages: relatively low cost
Thanks to its high level of automation, the fertigation
offers clear economic advantages in terms of
reduced labour since mixing the fertiliser with
irrigation water, what is left to do is just a proper
irrigation.
A controlled supply of nutrients saves fertiliser.
In fact, fertigation allows dispensing the fertiliser
efficiently and uniformly to the level of the plant, at
the right dosage for the correct development of the
Hydraulic pump Electric pump plants during the different phenological stages.

Hydraulics pumps As a result of the use of fertigation, there will be

a reduction in the environmental impact as it
The pumps inject the fertiliser by sucking the
prevents soil contamination by accumulation of
solution from an open container and injecting it into
the irrigation water. chemicals due to fertiliser loss away from the plant
root, uncontrolled leaching and poor distribution
Advantages: complete management of the fertiliser; uniformity (lower efficiency means more fertiliser
suitable for manual operation and for the most used and lost).
advanced automation systems.
 AUTOMATION

The automation is used to optimise and to get the maximum efficiency

from an irrigation system.
In addition to traditional management systems through cables,
Scova Impianti Srl uses from several years a management system
via radio called "WIRRI".

WIRRI: SOLENOID VALVE WIRELESS CONTROL SYSTEM

This system allows the automatic management of The advantages of the WIRRI system:
irrigation systems via radio. * Lower costs and installation time.
It is a wireless system that allows the remote * No cables and conduits.
management of the solenoid valves directly * Installation in areas where the cable laying would
from the control centre avoiding excavation work be unfeasible.
requirements.
* System flexibility for further expansion or
Easy installation and maintenance. transportation.

Interface Transmisor Receptor

CONTROL UNITS FOR MOTOR PUMPS

Scova Impianti Srl is a leading manufacturer of control units to command, control and protect
motor pumps, motor fans, motor clutches and service motors.

Depending on the unit model, management can be manual, semi-automatic, and automatic with the
possibility of total remote control viaPCor mobile phone.

ALPHA 4 - semiautomatic control unit

ALPHA 6 control unit installed

on a motorpump unit
ALPHA 6 - automatica control unit