Check List To Score A+ ( SPM Chemistry 2014 )

(Form 4) Chapter 2: The Structure of the Atom

Important Units Check
Atoms, Molecules and Ions
 Define and examples

Kinetic Theory of Matter

 Explain in terms of arrangement, movement, forces of attraction and energy content
of particles

Diffusion
 Diffusion in solid / liquid / gas (Experiment)

Heating & Cooling of naphthalene (Experiment)

 Draw apparatus – heating and cooling
 Draw arrangement of particles in solid / liquid / gas
 Explain why temperature remains constant during melting / freezing process

Proton, neutron, electron and nucleon number

 Historical development of atomic model
 State the main subatomic particle (compare the relative mass & charge)
 Define and identify

Isotopes
 Define
 Examples and uses

Atomic structure / Electron arrangement

 Standard representation
 Draw atomic structure
 Describe atomic structure
 Draw electron arrangement
 Define and identify valence electron

Chapter 3: Chemical Formulae and Equations

Important Units Check
Relative Atomic Mass
 Define relative atomic mass
 Define relative molecular mass
 Why carbon-12 is used as a standard?
 Calculation of RMM

Mole Concept
 Define mole, NA, molar mass, molar volume
 Solve numerical problems related to number of mole and number of particles, mass
and volume

Empirical & Molecular Formula

 Define empirical formula, molecular formula
 Given mass or % by mass of element, determine empirical formula
 Given empirical formula and RMM, determine molecular formula

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 Experiments of MgO and CUO
 Determine empirical formula of magnesium oxide and copper oxide (Experiment)

Chemical formulae of ionic compounds

 Write ionic formulae of ions
 Construct chemical formulae of ionic compounds
 IUPAC nomenclature

Chemical Equations
 Meaning of chemical equation
 Identify reactants and products
 Write and balance chemical equations
 Interpret chemical equation qualitative and quantitatively
 Solve numerical problems using chemical equations

Chapter 4: Periodic Table of Elements

Important Units Check
Periodic Table of Elements
 Contributions of Scientists
 How elements are arranged?
 18 Groups & 7 Periods
 Determine the location of element in Periodic Table based on electron arrangement

Group 18
 List all elements
 State physical properties
 Explain the changes in physical properties when going down the group (e.g. melting
point and boiling)
 Explain the inert nature
 Uses in daily life

Group 1
 List all elements
 State physical properties
 Explain the changes in physical properties when going down the group
 List the chemical properties – (Experiment)
 Describe and explain the reactivity when going down the group
 Predict the physical and chemical properties of other elements in Group 1
 Safety precautions

Group 17
 List all elements
 State physical properties
 Explain the changes in physical properties when going down the group
 List the chemical properties – (Experiment)
 Describe and explain the reactivity when going down the group
 Predict the physical and chemical properties of other elements in Group 17
 Safety precautions

Period 3
 List all elements
 Describe and explain the changes in properties of elements across the period from
left to right

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  State changes in the properties of the oxides of elements across the Period 3
–(Experiment)
 Uses of semi-metals

Transition Elements
 Position of transition elements in Periodic Table
 Give examples
 Describe special properties of transition elements

Chapter 5: Chemical Bonds

Important Units Check
Formation of Compounds
 Stability of inert gas
 Conditions for the formation of chemical bonds
 Types of chemical bonds

Formation of Ions
 Explain formation of ions
 Write and draw electron arrangement of ions

Ionic Compound
 Condition for the formation of ionic compound
 Describe formation of ionic compound
 Draw electron arrangement of ionic compound

Covalent Compound
 Condition for the formation of covalent compound
 Describe formation of covalent compound
 Draw electron arrangement of covalent compound

Physical Properties of Ionic Compound & Covalent Compound

 State physical properties
 Give inferences

Uses of Covalent Compounds

 As solvents and give examples

Compare and Contrast Ionic & Covalent Bonds

Chapter 6: Electrochemistry
Important Units Check
Electrolytes & Non-Electrolytes
 Meaning of electrolytes & non-electrolytes
 Classify / identify electrolytes & non-electrolytes and state inferences

Electrolysis of Molten compound

 Meaning of electrolysis
 Describe electrolytic cell
 Describe electrolysis
 Describe electrolysis of a molten compound
 Write half-equation for the discharge of ions at anode and cathode
 Predict products of electrolysis of molten compounds

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Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions
 Identify cations and anions in an aqueous solution
 Describe and explain using examples factors affecting electrolysis (Experiment)
 Describe electrolysis of an aqueous solution
 Write half-equation for the discharge of ions at anode and cathode
 Predict products of electrolysis of aqueous solutions

Electrolysis in Industries
 State uses of electrolysis in industries
 Describe and explain extraction of reactive metals in industries
 Describe and explain purification of metals in industries (Experiment)
 Describe and explain electroplating of metals in industries (Experiment)
 Write chemical equation to represent electrolysis process in industries
 Describe problem of pollution from electrolysis in industries

Voltaic Cell
 Describe the structure of a simple voltaic cell and Daniell cell
 Explain the production of electricity from a simple voltaic cell
 Explain the reactions in a simple voltaic cell and Daniell cell
 Compare and contrast the advantages of various voltaic cells
 Describe the differences between electrolytic and voltaic cells.

Electrochemical Series
 Describe the principles used in constructing the electrochemical series
 Construct the electrochemical series (Experiment)
 Explain the importance of electrochemical series
 Predict the ability of a metal to displace another metal from its salt solution
 Write the chemical equations for metal displacement reactions

Chapter 7: Acids & Bases

Important Units Check
Acids & Bases
 State the meaning of acid, base and alkali
 State uses of acids, bases and alkalis in daily life
 Explain the role of water in the formation of hydrogen ions to show the properties of
acids (Experiment)
 Explain the role of water in the formation of hydroxide ions to show the properties of
alkalis (Experiment)
 Describe chemical properties of acids and alkalis (Experiment)

Strong & Weak Acids and Alkalis

 Define strong and weak acid and alkali & give examples
 Relate pH value with acidic or alkaline properties of a substance.
 Relate concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions with pH value
 Relate strong or weak acid and alkali with degree of dissociation

Concentration of Acids and Alkalis

 State the meaning of concentration & molarity
 State the relationship between the number of moles with molarity and volume of a
solution
 Describe methods for preparing standard solutions (Experiment)
 Relate pH value with molarity of acid and alkali
 Solve numerical problems involving molarity of acids and alkalis

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 Neutralisation
 Explain the meaning of neutralisation
 Explain the application of neutralisation in daily life
 Write equations for neutralisation reactions
 Describe acid-base titration (Experiment)
 Determine the end point of titration during neutralisation
 Solve numerical problems involving neutralisation reactions to calculate either
concentration or volume of solutions

Chapter 8: Salts
Important Units Check
Synthesising Salts
 State examples of salts used in daily life
 Explain the meaning of salt
 Identify soluble and insoluble salts (Experiment)
 Describe the preparation of soluble and insoluble salts (Experiment)
 Describe the purification of soluble salts by recrystallisation
 List physical characteristics of crystals
 Write chemical and ionic equations for reactions used in the preparation of salts
 Design an activity to prepare a specified salt
 Construct ionic equations through the continuous variation method (Experiment)
 Solve problems involving calculation of quantities of reactants or products in
stoichiometric reactions

Qualitative Analysis of Salts

 State the meaning of qualitative analysis
 Make inferences on salts based on their colour and solubility in water
 Describe tests for the identification of gases (Experiment)
 Describe the action of heat on salts
 Describe the tests for anions (Experiment)
 State observation of reaction of cations with sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia
solution (Experiment)
 Describe confirmatory tests for Fe2+, Fe3+, Pb2+ and NH4+
 Plan qualitative analysis to identify salts

Chapter 9: Manufactured Substances in Industry

Important Units Check
Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid
 List uses of sulphuric acid
 Explain industrial process in the manufacture of sulphuric acid
 Explain that sulphur dioxide causes environmental pollution

Manufacture of Ammonia & Its Salts

 List uses of ammonia
 State the properties of ammonia
 Explain the industrial process in the manufacture of ammonia
 Design an activity to prepare ammonium fertilizer (Experiment)

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Alloys
 Relate the arrangement of atoms in metals to their ductile and malleable properties
 State the meaning of alloy
 State the aim of making alloys
 List examples of alloys
 List compositions and properties of alloys
 Relate the arrangement of atoms in alloys to their strength and hardness, relate
properties of alloys to their uses. (Experiment)

Synthetic Polymers
 state the meaning of polymers
 list naturally occurring polymers
 list synthetic polymers and their uses
 identify the monomers in the synthetic polymers
 justify uses of synthetic polymers in daily life

Glass & Ceramics

 List uses of glass
 List uses of ceramics
 List types of glass and their properties
 State properties of ceramics

Composite Materials
 Describe needs to produce new materials for specific purposes
 State the meaning of composite materials
 List examples of composite materials and their components and uses
 Compare and contrast properties of composite materials with those of their original
component

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(Form 5) Chapter 1: Rate of Reaction
Important Units Check
Rate of Reaction
 State what rate of reaction is
 Identify observable changes to reactants or products for determining rate of reaction
 Determine average rate of reaction
 Determine the rate of reaction at any given time from a graph
 Solve numerical problems involving average rate of reaction
 Solve numerical problems involving rate of reaction at any given time

Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction

 Design experiments to investigate factors affecting the rate of reaction (Experiment)
 Give examples of reactions that are affected by size of reactant, concentration,
temperature and catalyst
 Explain how each factor affects the rate of reaction
 Describe how factors affecting the rate of reaction are applied in daily life and in
industrial processes
 Solve problems involving factors affecting rate of reaction

Collision Theory
 Relate reaction with energy produced by movement and effective collision of particles
 Describe activation energy
 Sketch and describe energy profile diagram
 Relate the frequency of effective collisions with the rate of reaction
 Relate the frequency of effective collisions with factors influencing of particles in a
reaction
 Describe how a certain factor affects the collision of particles in a reaction

Chapter 2: Carbon Compounds

Important Units Check
Carbon Compounds
 State what carbon compound is
 State that carbon compounds can be classified into two groups, i.e. organic and
inorganic
 State what organic compound is
 Gives examples of organic and inorganic carbon compounds
 State what a hydrocarbon is
 List the sources of hydrocarbon
 Identify the combustion products of organic carbon compounds

Alkanes
 State what alkane is
 State what structural formula is
 Deduce the molecular formulae of the first ten alkanes and naming
 Draw the structural formulae for the first ten straight-chain
 Deduce the general formula of alkanes
 Relate changes in physical properties with increase in the number of carbon atoms in
alkane molecules
 Explain the effect of the increase in number of carbon atoms in alkane molecules on
the molecules boiling points
 Describe complete and incomplete combustion of alkanes

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 Describe the substitution reaction of alkanes
 Write chemical equations for combustion and substitution reactions of methane
 Describe how methane affects everyday life

Alkenes
 State what alkene is
 Deduce the molecular formulae of the first nine alkenes
 Deduce the general formula of alkenes
 Name the first nine alkenes
 Draw the structural formulae for the first nine straight-chain alkenes
 Relate changes in physical properties with increase in the number of carbon atoms
in alkene molecules
 Explain the effects on boiling points of alkenes due to increase in the number of
carbon atoms in alkene molecules
 Describe chemical properties of alkenes (Experiment)
 Compare and contrast alkanes with alkenes
 Relate the reactivities of alkanes and alkenes to their chemical bonds
 Generalise the characteristics of homologous series based on alkanes and alkenes

Isomerism
 Construct various structural formulae of a particular alkane and alkene
 Explain what isomerism is
 Use IUPAC nomenclature to name isomers

Alcohols
 State the general formula of alcohols
 Identify the functional group of alcohols
 List the names and the molecular formulae of the first four alcohols
 Draw structural formulae for isomers of propanol (C3H7OH) and butanol (C4H9OH)
 Name isomers of propanol and butanol using IUPAC nomenclature
 Describe the industrial production of ethanol (Experiment)
 Describe the preparation of ethanol in the laboratory (Experiment)
 State the physical properties of ethanol
 Describe the chemical properties of ethanol
 Predict the chemical properties of other members of alcohols
 Explain with examples the uses of alcohols in everyday life
 Explain the effects of the misuse and abuse of alcohols

Carboxylic Acids
 State the general formula of carboxylic acids
 Identify the functional group of carboxylic acids
 List the names and molecular formulae of the first four members of carboxylic acid
 Draw structural formulae-of the first four members of carboxylic add and name them
using the IUPAC nomenclature
 Describe the preparation of ethanoic acid in the laboratory (Experiment)
 State the physical properties of carboxylic acids
 State the chemical reactions of ethanoic acid with other chemicals (Experiment)
 Predict the chemical properties for other members of carboxylic acid
 Explain with examples the uses of carboxylic acids in everyday life

Esters
 State the general formula of esters
 Identify the functional group of esters
 List the names and molecular formulae of simple esters
 Draw structural formulae of simple esters and name them using the IUPAC
nomenclature
 Describe the preparation of ester in the laboratory (Experiment)

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  State the physical properties of ethyl ethanoate
 Predict the ester produced from the esterification reaction (Experiment)
 Write equations for the esterification reactions
 State the natural sources of ester
 State the uses of ester in everyday life

Fats
 State what oils and fats are
 State the importance of oils and fats for body processes
 State the sources of oils and fats
 List the uses of oils and fats
 State the differences between oils and fats
 Identify structural formulae for fat molecules of certain fatty acids
 State what saturated and unsaturated fats are
 Compare and contrast, between saturated and unsaturated fats
 Describe the process of changing unsaturated fats to saturated fats
 Describe the effects of eating food high in fats on health
 Describe the industrial extraction of palm oil
 Justify the use of palm oil in food production

Natural Rubber
 List examples of natural polymers and their monomers
 Draw the structural formula of natural rubber
 State the properties of natural rubber
 State the uses of natural rubber
 Describe the coagulation process of latex
 Describe the method used to prevent latex from coagulating (Experiment)
 Describe the vulcanisation of rubber
 Describe how the presence of sulphur atoms changes the properties of vulcanised
rubber
 Compare and contrast the properties of vulcanised and unvulcanised natural rubber
(Experiment)

Homologous Series
 Describe the systematic approach in naming members of homologous series
 Describe the order in the physical and chemical properties of compounds in
homologous series

Chapter 3: Oxidation and Reduction

Important Units Check
Redox Reaction
 State what oxidation and reduction are
 Explain what redox reaction is
 State what oxidising and reducing agent are
 Calculate the oxidation number of an element in a compound
 Relate the oxidation number of an element to the name of its compound using the
IUPAC nomenclature
 Explain with examples oxidation and reduction processes in terms of the change in
oxidation number
 Explain with examples oxidation and reduction processes in terms of electron transfer
 Explain with examples oxidising and reducing agents in redox reactions
 Write oxidation and reduction half-equations and ionic equations (Experiment)
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Rusting
 State the conditions for the rusting of iron
 State what corrosion of metal is
 Describe the process of rusting in terms of oxidation and reduction (Experiment)
 Generate ideas on the use of other metals to control rusting
 Explain with examples on the use of a more electropositive metal to control metal
corrosion
 Explain with examples on the use of a less electropositive metal to control metal
corrosion

Reactivity Series of Metals

 Compare the differences in the vigour of the reactions of some metals with oxygen
 Deduce the reactivity series of' metals (Experiment)
 Determine the position of carbon and hydrogen in the reactivity series of metals
(Experiment)
 State what the reactivity series of metals are
 Describe the extraction of iron and tin from their ores
 Explain the use of carbon as the main reducing agent in metal extraction
 Use the reactivity series of metals to predict possible reactions involving metals

Electrolytic & Chemical Cells

 Explain with examples the oxidation and reduction reactions at the electrodes of
various chemical cells
 Explain with examples the oxidation and reduction reactions at the electrodes of
various electrolytic cells
 State the differences between electrolytic and chemical cells in terms of basic
structure, energy conversion and the transfer of electrons at the electrodes
 Compare and contrast electrolytic and chemical cells with reference to the oxidation
and reduction processes

Chapter 4: Thermochemistry
Important Units Check
Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
 State what exothermic and endothermic reaction are
 Identify exothermic & endothermic reactions
 Give examples of exothermic & endothermic reactions
 Construct energy level diagrams for exothermic & endothermic reactions
 Interpret energy level diagram
 Interrelate energy change with, formation and breaking of bonds
 Describe the application of knowledge of exothermic and endothermic reactions in
everyday life

Heat of Precipitation
 State what heat of reaction is
 State what heat of precipitation is
 Determine the heat of precipitation for a reaction (Experiment)

Heat of Displacement
 Construct an energy level diagram for a precipitation reaction
 Solve numerical problems related to heat of precipitation
 State what heat of displacement is
 Determine heat of displacement (Experiment)
 Construct the energy level diagram for a displacement reaction
 Solve numerical problems related to heat of displacement
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 Heat of Neutralisation
 State what heat of neutralization is
 Determine the heat of neutralisation (Experiment)
 Construct energy level diagrams for various types of neutralisation reactions
 Compare the heat of neutralisation for the reaction between a strong acid and a
strong alkali with the heat of neutralisation for a reaction between a weak acid and/or
a weak alkali (Experiment)
 Explain the difference of the heat of neutralisation for a strong acid and a strong alkali
with the heat of neutralisation for a reaction involving a weak acid and/or a weak alkali
 Solve numerical problems related to heat of neutralisation

Heat of Combustion
 State what heat of combustion is
 Determine heat of combustion for a reaction (Experiment)
 Construct an energy level diagram for a combustion reaction
 Compare the heat of combustion of various alcohols (Experiment)
 State what fuel value is
 Describe the difference between heats of combustion of various alcohols
 Describe the applications of fuel value
 Compare and contrast fuel values for various fuels
Solve numerical problems related to heat of combustion

Chapter 5: Chemicals for Consumers

Important Units Check
Soap & Detergent
 State what soap and detergent are
 Describe soap preparation process
 Describe detergent preparation process
 Describe the cleansing action of soap
 Describe the cleansing action of detergent
 Compare and contrast the effectiveness of the cleansing action of soap and detergent
(Experiment)
 Identify the additives in detergent and their respective functions

Food Additives
 State the types of food additives and their examples
 State the functions of each type of food additive
 Justify the use of food additives,
 Describe the effects of food additives on health and the environment

Medicine
 State examples of traditional medicine, their sources and uses
 State the types of modern medicine and their examples
 State the functions of each type of modern medicine
 Describe the possible side effects of using modern and traditional medicine
 Describe the correct usage of modern and traditional medicines

End of Check List

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