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Class11th TheLivingWorld

This document discusses taxonomy and classification of living organisms. It describes the hierarchical taxonomic categories from specific to kingdom, and explains the rules of binomial nomenclature used to systematically name organisms. Identification and classification aim to organize life into an ordered system to study relationships between organisms. Various aids like herbaria and zoos assist with taxonomy.

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982 views23 pages

Class11th TheLivingWorld

This document discusses taxonomy and classification of living organisms. It describes the hierarchical taxonomic categories from specific to kingdom, and explains the rules of binomial nomenclature used to systematically name organisms. Identification and classification aim to organize life into an ordered system to study relationships between organisms. Various aids like herbaria and zoos assist with taxonomy.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

The Living World


CONTENTS
2

 Characteristics Of Living
 Binomial Nomenclature

 Rules Of Nomenclature

 Taxonomic Categories

 Taxonomical Aids

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CHARCTERISTICS OF LIVING
3

Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism
Cellular organisation of body
Consciousness
Interaction

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BIODIVERSITY
4

 The number &types of organisms present on


earth constitute biodiversity.
 Number of species that are known and described
ranges between 1.7 to 1.8 million.

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NOMENCLATURE & IDENTIFICATION
5

 Nomenclature-naming of a particular organism


in such a manner that it is known by the same
name all over the world.
 Identification-it is the correct description of an
organism and its recognition in its scientific
name.

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BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
6

 Given By Carolous Linnaeus


 Each Name Has Two Components
 First Name-generic
 Second Name-specific Epithet

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UNIVERSAL RULES OF NOMENCLATURE
7

 Names are in Latin and written in italics.They


are Latinised or derived from Latin irrespective
of their origin.
 The first word is genus name and second word
is specific epithet.

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UNIVERSAL RULES OF NOMENCLATURE
8

 Both the words when handwritten are


separately underlined or printed in italics to
indicate their Latin origin.
 Genus starts with capital letter while specific
epithet starts with small letter.
 Example-Mangifera indica

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UNIVERSAL RULES OF NOMENCLATURE
9

 Name of the appears after specific epithet and


it is written in abbreviated form.
 E.g Mangifera indica Linn.

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CLASSIFICATION
10

 It is the process by which any thing is grouped


into conventional categories based on some
easily observable characters.

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PURPOSE OF CLASSIFICATION
11

 Organise vast number of plants,animals etc


into categories that could be named,
remembered & studied.
 Study of one organism of a group gives the

idea about rest of the members of that


group.

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TAXA & TAXONOMY
12

 It is the scientific term which indicates categories


of organisms at different levels.
 Taxonomy-process of classification taking into
account various characteristics such as external &
internal structure,structure of cell,development
process & ecological information of organisms.

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SYSTEMATICS
13

 Systema(Latin word)-arrangement of organisms


 It is the study of organisms which include
identification,nomenclature &classification of
organisms.it also takes into account evolutionary
relationships between organisms.

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TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
14

 Classification involves hierarchy of steps in


which each step represents a rank or category.
Category is a part of overall taxonomic
arrangement ,called taxonomic category.All
categories together constitute the taxonomic
hierarchy.Each category is termed as taxon.

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TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES
15 KINGDOM

PHYLUM OR DIVISION

CLASS

ORDER

FAMILY

GENUS

SPECIES
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SPECIES
16

 Group of individuals having fundamental


similarities in characteristics and successful
reproduction takes place among themselves form
a species.
 E.g:Panthera tigris,Panthera leo
Solanum tuberosum, Solanum nigrum.

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GENUS
17

 It consists of a group of related species which has


more characters in common in comparison to
species of other genera.
 Genera are aggregates of closely related species.
 E.g:Panthera leo ,P pardus (leopard) ,P tigris
 E.g:Solanum tuberosum ,S nigrum

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FAMILY
18

 It has a group of related genera with less number


of similarities as compared to genus and species.
 E.g:family Solanaceae includes genera
solanum(tomato,potato) , petunia & datura.
 Family Felidae includes genera panthera (lion,
tiger ,leopard) &Felis(cat)

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ORDER
19

 It is the assemblage of families which include a


few similar characters in comparison to genus,
family etc.
 E.g:order polynomial includes family solanaceae
& convovulaceae.
 E.g: carnivora includes family felidae &
cancidae(dog) .

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CLASS
20

 It includes all related orders having less numbers


of common characteristics.
 E.g: class mammalia includes order Primata
(monkey, gorilla,gibbon) &carnivora.
 E.g:class Dicotyledonae includes order
polymoniales &sapindales(mango)

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PHYLUM or DIVISION
21

 It includes related classes.


 E.g:phylum Chordata includes classes fish
,amphibia, reptilia, aves &mammalia.
 Division angiospermae includes class
dicotyledonae & monocotyledonae.

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TAXONOMICAL AIDS
22

 Herbarium
 Botanical Garden
 Museum
 Zoological Park
 Key

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