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1.3. Logarithmic Differentiation

This document covers logarithmic differentiation. It contains two examples of differentiating functions using logarithmic differentiation. The first example differentiates the function y = (2x - 1)(x + 1)^5/(x + 1)^3. It takes the logarithm of both sides, applies the logarithmic differentiation formula, and arrives at the derivative. The second example differentiates the function y = x*cos(2x), x > 0. Again, it takes the logarithm of both sides, uses the logarithmic differentiation formula, and obtains the derivative of the function. The document concludes with exercises from the textbook for students to complete to practice logarithmic differentiation.

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41 views11 pages

1.3. Logarithmic Differentiation

This document covers logarithmic differentiation. It contains two examples of differentiating functions using logarithmic differentiation. The first example differentiates the function y = (2x - 1)(x + 1)^5/(x + 1)^3. It takes the logarithm of both sides, applies the logarithmic differentiation formula, and arrives at the derivative. The second example differentiates the function y = x*cos(2x), x > 0. Again, it takes the logarithm of both sides, uses the logarithmic differentiation formula, and obtains the derivative of the function. The document concludes with exercises from the textbook for students to complete to practice logarithmic differentiation.

Uploaded by

njfufbgn nfnfifir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1.

3
Logarithmic
Differentiation
Consider the following.

( 2 x − 1) (x + 1)
5 2 4

y=
x +1
3

cos ( 2 x )
y=x , x>0
Properties of Logarithm

log b ( xy ) = log b x + log b y

⎛x⎞
log b ⎜ ⎟ = log b x − log b y
⎝ y⎠

log b x = a log b x
a
Theorem

If u is a differentiable function of x then

1
Dx ( ln u ) = Dxu
u
Example 1.3.1
( 2 x − 1) (x + 1)
5 2 4

Differentiate the function given by y = .


x +1 3

( 2 x − 1)( x + 1)
5 2 4

y=
( x + 1)
1
3 2

( 2 x − 1) ( x + 1)
5 2 4

y =
x +1
3

5 4
2x − 1 x + 1 2

y = 1
x +1
3 2
5 4
2x − 1 x + 1 2

y = 1
x3 + 1 2

5 4
2x − 1 x + 1 2

ln y = ln 1
x +1
3 2

5 4 1
ln y = ln 2 x − 1 + ln x + 1 − ln x + 1
2 3 2

1
ln y = 5ln 2 x − 1 + 4ln x + 1 − ln x 3 + 1
2

2
1 dy 1 1 1 1
⋅ = 5⋅ ⋅2 + 4⋅ 2 ⋅ 2x − ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3x 2
y dx 2x − 1 x +1 2 x +1
1 dy 1 1 1 1
⋅ = 5⋅ ⋅2 + 4⋅ 2 ⋅ 2x − ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3x 2

y dx 2x − 1 x +1 2 x +1
2
1 dy 10 8x 3x
⋅ = + 2 − 3
y dx 2 x − 1 x + 1 2 x + 2
dy ⎛ 10 8x 3x 2 ⎞
= y⎜ + 2 − 3 ⎟
dx ⎝ 2x − 1 x + 1 2x + 2 ⎠
dy ( 2 x − 1) ( x + 1) ⎛ 10
5 2 4
8x 3x 2 ⎞
= ⎜ + 2 − 3 ⎟
dx x +1
3
⎝ 2x − 1 x + 1 2x + 2 ⎠
Example 1.3.2

cos ( 2 x )
Differentiate the function given by y = x , x > 0.

cos ( 2 x )
y = x
ln y = cos ( 2 x ) ln x
1 dy 1
⋅ = cos ( 2 x ) ⋅ + ln x ⋅ ( − sin ( 2 x ) ) ⋅ 2
y dx x
1 dy cos ( 2 x )
⋅ = − 2ln x ⋅ sin ( 2 x )
y dx x
1 dy cos ( 2 x )
⋅ = − 2ln x ⋅ sin ( 2 x )
y dx x
dy ⎛ cos ( 2 x ) ⎞
= y⎜ − 2ln x ⋅ sin ( 2 x ) ⎟
dx ⎝ x ⎠
dy cos ( 2 x ) ⎛ cos ( 2 x ) ⎞
=x ⎜ − 2ln x ⋅ sin ( 2 x ) ⎟
dx ⎝ x ⎠
Required Exercises

Answer Exercises in TC7.


Exercises 5.3 (1-14) on page 457
Exercises 5.5 (14-20) on page 476
Check your answers on A-155 and A-156.
End of Unit 1.3

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